FR2527104A1 - METHOD FOR THE CLASSIFICATION SORTING OF A NUMBER OF SURFACE DEFECT-SPECIFIED WHEELS AND DEVICE FOR THE AUTOMATIC APPLICATION OF SAID METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

A. THE INVENTION RELATES TO A PROCESS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF GEAR WHEELS AFFECTED BY SURFACE DEFECTS, IN WHICH EACH WHEEL TO BE CLASSIFIED 5 IS SET WITH A MASTER WHEEL 8. THE PROBLEM RESOLVED CONSISTS OF ENSURING AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL AT A HUNDRED PERCENT. SERIES TOOTHED WHEELS. B. THE PROCESS IS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE RADIAL DEVIATIONS OF THE MASTER WHEEL 8 ARE DETECTED DURING ROTATION, THESE DEVIATIONS ARE CONVERTED IN TENSION PULSES COMPARED TO LIMIT VALUES IN AN ELECTRONIC MEASURING DEVICE 21, THE CLASSIFICATION TAKING PLACE IN FUNCTION OF THIS COMPARISON. C. THE INVENTION IS APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF GEAR WHEELS.

Description

-Process for classification sorting of a number of gears

affected by surface defects

  and device for the automatic application of this

surrendered ".

  The subject of the present invention is a process for the sorting of grading of toothed wheels affected by surface defects, from a certain number of parts, the

  toothed wheels being brought one after the other to a

  mounting system in which each wheel is now

  naked rigidly, but with free rotation, engaged with a parallel axis master wheel mounted with radial elasticity, and driven in rotation, the wheel with

  check being rotated by the master wheel

  se, with application of a radial load on both sides. It extends to a device for application

automatic of this process.

  The gears, like other mechanical parts

  are always exposed, during manufacture,

  transport and other manipulations, at a risk of

  minor scratches, fingerprints,

  and other defects on the flanks of the teeth

  often not detected during the final check, but they

  may later be the cause of operational noises

  annoying A visual inspection before installation leads to a significant expenditure of personnel and gives no assurance that all faults will be discovered. A test run with a wheel mattresse, or with the

  joint wheel does not always lead to the result of

  desired state, since the noise behavior of a toothed wheel or a pair of gears in the test machine is often different from the behavior in the machine.

  reality, in a mechanism casing.

  Based on these observations, the object of the present invention is to develop a method and a device with which series-produced gear wheels are

  one hundred percent

  relative to degradations present on the sidewalls, and the gear wheels not free from defects may be

withdrawn.

  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a method of the type mentioned at the beginning, characterized in that the radial deviations of the master wheel which are produced during the rotation of this mattress wheel and are detected.

  of the gearwheel, these deviations are converted into Impulse

  voltages which are transmitted to an electronic measuring device in which they are compared,

  from the point of view of size, duration and frequency,

  their limits preset externally, the toothed wheel is then directed, by a referral switch, to a store or the like, depending on the result of the examination. Each surface irregularity or damage on one or more sidewalls of the wheel to be checked results in a change in the distance between axes and thus a momentary change of position of the wheel

  mistress These changes are converted into a recep-

  - electrical measurement signals that make a judgment on the significance of the detected damage The receiver can be the choice of the type to move, speed or acceleration Depending on the time in which

  maintains a measurement signal, and / or following the frequency

  the same or different signals may be

  made a conclusion about the type of defect

  measurement standards are compared with limit values

  externally adjusted, and the gear wheels are then

  ranked according to these measurement results.

  For the comparison of measurement signals with

  limit values, it is advisable, according to a

  of the invention, to remove from the examination a defect

  possible false round of the wheel in question.

  Since many defects are detectable

  in the direction of rotation of the toothed wheel, the check is preferably carried out in both directions

rotation.

  For reasons of economy, the result of the test is divided between three criteria of judgment, namely "good", "to correct" and "rejects", according to each checked wheels is brought to a suitable place It is possible to consider in addition to others

  criteria, for example by specifying the work of correcting

which is necessary.

  The use of a master wheel, with teeth significantly different from that of the wheel, for example with a number of teeth double that of the wheel to be checked, can detect a defect or a deposit

  of dirt on the mattress wheel itself.

  When the assignment of the verified parts is

  automatically kills by an exit switch on

  the result of the examination, the invention provides an optical indication of the result. For purposes of calibration or statistics, it may be desirable to provide

  a graphical record of examination results.

  The invention extends to a device for implementing the above method characterized in that it comprises a stationary mounting installation for the gears to be checked, a feed installation (chute) equipped with need with an individual coin distribution system, a swing arm hinged to one side that supports,

  its free end the wheel driven driven in

tion,

  a training facility that causes a displacement

  swivel arm pivoting

  a charging system (spring) for the pivot arm

  an evacuation system with an adjustable position switch,

  a receptor organ that converts into pulses of

  possible positional deviations of the master wheel, an installation for the choice of pre-setting permissible limit values for the result,

  an electronic measuring system comprising

  facilities for the processing of impulse

  voltage, and which is connected with the installation

  limit values, together with the

  receiver and with the classification referral.

  According to the invention, the electronic assembly

  measurement system is provided with a filter for the elimination of

  voltage pulses resulting from a possible defect of

correct circular rotation.

  The mattress wheel can be dragged into each

direction of rotation.

  According to the invention, the facilities for the operation of the voltage pulses comprise two comparators for the comparison of the bandwidth

  pulses with an external limit value

  set, lower and upper.

  The installations provided for the operation of the voltage pulses comprise a metering or addition installation for detecting the frequency of the voltage pulses, and a comparator for comparing

  this frequency to a pre-set external limit value

  surely. The electronic unit and the comparators are connected in such a way that they distinguish

  gears verified according to at least the three criteria

  res "good", "correct" and "discarded", and that the classification referral be brought to the appropriate positions

corresponding to this ranking.

  An indicator facility for optical display of the examination result is connected to the electronics of

  measure, or, if desired, a scrip-

  for graphical recording of the results.

  The invention will be better understood with regard to the

  description below and accompanying drawings showing

  an embodiment of the invention, drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a simplified overview of the

  the most important elements of a verifi-

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electronic assembly, FIG. 3 is a wheel circulation diagram to be checked, FIG. 4 shows the travel signal of a vehicle.

  toothed wheel, as recorded during a check

  wheel flanks, Figures 5 to 11 show different shapes

the measurement signal.

  On a base 1, simply schematized in the figure

  1 by hatching, is arranged an installation of

  stationary stage 2, 3, intended to receive in rotation

  the toothed wheel to be checked 5, which is brought to the

  through a chute 4 or other

  Positive piece conveying device The chute 4 is provided with a unit distribution system, not shown, in order to always bring only one piece to the installation installation 2, 3 In the base 1 is supported an axis 6 for a pivoting arm 7, which receives, on its free end, a master wheel 8 driven in rotation For this drive in rotation, there is provided a motor 9 concentric to the axis 6, which is connected to the master wheel via wheels

  toothed, not shown, or by a transmission mechanism

mission by chain or belt.

  The master wheel 8 is placed, with the toothed wheel 5, in gear meshing with two flanks, under a slight radial pressure produced by a spring 11 to perform an exchange of the toothed wheel 5, the pivoting arm 7 is lifted, Against the force of the spring 11 For this purpose, there is provided a cylinder and piston unit 10, whose piston rod is articulated on the pivoting arm 7, and whose cylinder housing is articulated on the base 1 The wheel verified 5 , reaches, when it is

  released by installation installation 2, 3, through

  through an exit chute 14, to a classification switch 15, whereby, depending on the result of the examination,

  it is directed in one of three stores 17, 18, 19.

  For the drive of the classification switch 15, there is provided a cylinder and piston unit 16 whose piston rod is articulated to the classification needle 15 and the cylinder housing is articulated on the base 1, of

the verification facility.

  The pivoting arm 7 is provided with an appendage or arrow 7 'perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, which cooperates with a receiving member 20 This receiving member may be of the displacement, speed, or acceleration sensor type It receives the radial deviations of the master wheel 8 and converts them into voltage pulses These voltage pulses are transmitted to an electronic measurement unit 21, in which they are processed and compared to set limit values

  The classification needle is then moved

  the result of the verification test At the same time, this result is indicated

optically.

  In the example shown, the classification is effec-

  killed according to three different criteria "good", "to correct", and "rejected", which are symbolized by

  corresponding lamps 40, 41, 42 on a display board.

  This electronic assembly may be additionally connected to a measuring writer device 29 for recording the result of the examination, which is useful in particular for the calibration of the installation or for

statistical goals.

  The essential components of the electronic package

  21 are shown in a block diagram in FIG. 2, and their mode of operation is shown in FIG.

  of circulation Delayed voltage pulses

  the receiver are fed one after the other to an amplifier 24, a rectifier 25, a level meter 26 and two comparators 31 and 32. The crossing thresholds (limit values) of the comparators can be adjusted externally. on potentiometers 34, 35 mounted on an operating panel 22 The rectifier 25 is necessary because the defects noted on the sidewalls

  toothed teeth 5 may cause impulse

  tensions of different heights in the direction of

  positive and negative, since the measuring voltage

  re must not be influenced by a possible defect of correct rotation of the toothed wheel 5, this influence is

  canceled by means of a filter 23 The pulses are

  registered, for example counted, integrated, or the like in the counting installation 27, in each direction of rotation and this amplitude is transmitted to another

  comparator, which also has a crossing threshold

  adjustable on a potentiometer 36.

  If one or more of the comparators 31, 32, 33 respond, the tilting stages assigned to them come into action, and they control relays 37, 38, 39 or appropriate connection transistors for the

  positioning of the classification switch 15.

  It should be mentioned the possibility of providing, for the detection of defects in the meshing rotation, another comparator, whose crossing threshold is also adjustable on a potentiometer mounted on the control panel. This comparator is not shown.

in Figures 2 and 3.

  FIG. 4 shows the shape of the travel signal of a gear wheel which is free from defects.

  shows the typical characteristic of a road diagram.

  on two flanks with sinusoidal fake round fault and meshing jump

  superimposed The path signal is the electrical image

  that of the variation of spacing in the measure of

  course as it is usually measured and

  felt during a two-meshing roll test

tooth flanks.

  FIG. 5 shows, in comparison with FIG. 4, the measurement signal of the same gear as it is processed in accordance with the present invention.

  is the electrical signal delivered by the receiver.

  20 in which the circular rotation index and the absolute measurement of the distance between the toothed wheel 5 and the master wheel have been repressed, and which, amplified,

  shows variations such as jumping

  teeth, and, for example, in Figure 6, the particularly sudden variations in the distance

  between axes that result from defects.

  In FIG. 5, in addition to the signal form, the lower (48) and upper (49) limit values are further indicated. These values can be set beforehand, for example at 10 microns and 150 microns from a line zero 47 If the lower limit value is not reached, there is no defect or at least no noticeable defect and the toothed wheel can be classified

like "good".

  In the signal form of FIG. 6, on the other hand, a fault is detected which is noted by the tips 50. They are above the allowable threshold of microns but without however reaching the upper maximum threshold. The toothed wheel is then classified as " to correct".

  Figure 7 shows a very similar signal shape.

  The tip 50 is still present in two places corresponding to

  In addition, there is a larger point 51 which appears only once. This is a sure sign that a defect is also present on the master wheel 8, or that a dirt or the like is deposited on one of the teeth of the wheel mattresse The toothed wheel 5 is then classified, only on the basis of the spikes 50, to

  attribute to the master wheel, as "correct".

  In contrast to FIG. 6, several tips 52 protruding beyond the set upper limit of 150 microns are observed in FIG. 8. As a rule, such a wheel can not be ground and is therefore However, in some cases, parts that have been designated as

  "rejected" are then subjected to an appropriate visual examination.

  in order to decide whether rectification work would not yet be possible, either by hand or with

  an additional mechanical operation.

  The verification method according to the invention also makes it possible to detect manufacturing errors. The possibility of detecting meshing jump defects has been mentioned above. Another case is shown

  in Figure 9 The numerous points 53 which succeed each other

  directly and exceeding the lower limit

  47, point to a flaw in the work of rectifying

  thin cation of the tooth flanks The pulses are recorded, for example integrated, and, if the integration amplitude exceeds a preset limit value, the

  Tooth is also classified as "junk".

  With the measuring signal, defects in the toothing can also be detected In the case of a

  toothed wheel whose teeth have been made too large

  of, the average signal value 54 is above the zero line 47 (Figure 10), while in the case of a gear wheel made with too many teeth

  small, the average signal value 55 is

  below the zero line 47 (Figure 11) In both

  case, the gear wheel is classified as "junk".

  The lower limit value 48 and the upper limit value 49 can also be set permanently in the filing device. Thus, these values

  limits would be fixed for all the coins, independently

  their size (eg size of teeth or module) and purpose of use However,

  thanks to the possibility of particular adjustment, the

  classification is easy to convert into its equi-

  and can thus be used universally,

  that is to say adapted to all cases.

  Gear wheels which have been classified as "to be corrected" may be subjected to subsequent grinding, grinding or shaving, or other fine grinding process adapted to wheels

  quenched, to be brought to a conformal state.

  ral, the upper limit value 49 is set in such a way that wheels with defects below

  of this limit, can still be rectified

  by the operations mentioned above An in-depth examination of the gear wheels that have been classified as "scrap" may lead to a conclusion relating to

  fundamental errors in manufacturing (eg

  lack of fine grinding machining, as

  in Figure 9) or in the transport of parts (endom-

  insufficient protection against reciprocal shocks), errors that can be avoided in the

after.

Claims (5)

CLAIMS) A method for classifying toothed wheels affected by surface defects from a certain number of parts, the toothed wheels being driven one after the other to a mounting installation in which each wheel is held rigidly, but freely rotatable, engaged with a parallel axis master wheel radially resiliently mounted and rotated, the wheel to be inspected being rotated by the master wheel, with application of a radial load on both flanks, characterized in that the radial deviations of the master wheel (8) which are produced during the rotation of this master wheel (8) and the toothed wheel (5) are detected, converts these deviations into voltage pulses which are transmitted to an electronic measuring device (21) in which they are compared, from the point of view of size, duration and frequency, with their limits preset externally, the toothed wheel (5) then being directed, by a grading switch (15), to a store or the like, depending on the result of the examination. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that any deflections caused by false-run defects are eliminated by prior filtration. Process according to one of Claims 1 and 4, characterized in that   Characterized in that the rotation of the master wheel (8) and the toothed wheel (5) takes place first in a   sense, and then in the opposite direction of rotation -   40) Process according to any one of the claims   1 to 3, characterized in that the result of the examination   men is divided into at least three criteria, namely   "good", "correction" and "discarded", class referral   (15) being brought into corresponding positions, and a suitable magazine or the like is provided for each criterion.   Process according to any of the claims   cations 1 to 4, characterized in that a master wheel (8) provided with a number of teeth differing significantly from that of the toothed wheel (5).   Process according to any of the claims   1 to 5, characterized in that the result of the examination men is indicated optically.   Process according to any of the claims   1 to 6, characterized in that the result of the examination men is saved graphically.   ) Device for the implementation of the   assigned according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: a fixed station mounting installation (2, 3) for the gears to be checked (5), a feed installation (chute 4) equipped with   need with an individual distribution facility   a pair of parts, a pivoting arm (7) hinged to one side which supports at its free end the driven wheel (8) driven in rotation, a drive installation (10) which causes a pivoting movement of the pivoting arm (7). ), a charging device (spring 11) for the swivel arm (7), an evacuation system with an adjustable position grading switch (15), a receiving member (20) which converts the deviations of possible position of the master wheel (8),   an installation (22) for the choice of pre-setting   limit values for the result, an electronic measuring system (21) comprising   facilities for the processing of   voltage impulses, and which is connected with the   setting of limit values (22), with   the receiving organ (20) and with the referral of class- (15).   90) Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the electronic measuring assembly is provided with a filter (23) for the elimination of voltage pulses originating from a possible defect of rotation. circular correct.   100) Device according to any one of the   8 or 9, characterized in that the master wheel   can be driven in both directions of rotation.   11) Device according to any one of the   8 to 10, characterized in that the facilities for the operation of the voltage pulses comprise two comparators (31, 32) for comparing the pulse bandwidth with a limiting value.   externally pre-set, lower and upper.   ) Device according to any one of the   8 to 11, characterized in that the facilities for the operation of the voltage pulses comprise a counting or addition facility (26) for detecting the frequency of the voltage pulses, and a comparator (33) for comparing this frequency. to one   pre-set limit value externally.   13) Device according to one of the claims   11 and 12, characterized in that the electronic measurement unit (21) and the comparators (31, 32, 33) are connected in such a way that they distinguish the verified gears according to at least the three "good" criteria. , "to be corrected" and "discarded", and that the classification switch (15) be brought to the appropriate positions corresponding to this ranking.   14) Device according to any one of the   8 to 13, characterized in that an indicator device (28) for optically displaying the   result of the examination, is connected to the electro- measurement number (21).   ) Device according to any one of the   8 to 14, characterized in that an organ recorded   measuring unit (29) is connected to the electronic unit   that (21) to graphically record test results.