FR2514490A1 - FILLING MATERIAL FOR HOLLOW LOADS FOR INCREASING EFFICIENCY, MAINLY FOR PUNCHING HYDROCARBON EXTRACTION WELL PIPES - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PADDING MATERIAL WITH INCREASED EFFICIENCY, PRIMARILY USABLE FOR PERFORATING OIL EXTRACTION WELLS. THE PADDING MATERIAL CONSISTS OF AN ALLOY CONTAINING BISMUTH AND OR A METAL ALLOY CONTAINING BISMUTH AND OR ELEMENTARY BISMUTH. THE USE OF THE PADDING MATERIAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INVENTION ALLOWS THE LENGTH OF THE PENETRATION CHANNEL PRODUCED DURING PERFORATION, THIS CHANNEL FURTHER CONTAINING NO CAPS. ACCORDINGLY, FOR EXAMPLE IN THE CASE OF HYDROCARBON EXTRACTION WELLS, THE HYDRAULIC CONNECTION BETWEEN THE LAYERS PLACED BEHIND THE CEMENT TANK AND THE VOLUME LOCATED INSIDE THE TANK CAN BE REDUCED BY THE SPECIFIC NUMBER OF .

Description

For shallow wells, the detection of

  set for extraction occurs when mounting the filter installation

  finished on the surface and at the time of

  casing from clay of particle size

  In the case of fairly large wells,

  such as hydro-extraction wells

  carbides, it is generally not possible to set up a filtering installation In such conditions, the detection of the layer to be adjusted for the extraction is carried out during the perforation of the

cemented casing.

  The function of the perforation is to establish a

  hydraulic connection between the permeable layers passing through

  by drilling and the volume inside the

  casing, or the commissioning of the layer, possibly

  the possibility of compressing fluid-processing layer materials or water used for repression during secondary extraction or

tertiary.

  For the perforation of oil well casings, hollow explosive charges are used extensively The hollow charge is the most frequently used type of controlled action explosive charge, for which the perforation effect producing the hole is produced. so that the energy of the explosion is concentrated in

  the axial direction of the mirror symmetry cavity

  tion, that is to say of a conical shape.

  transmission of energy is increased several

  the cavity in the explosive charge is filled with a metal The hollow explosive charges are generally initiated on their axis of revolution at their end opposite to the cavity, that is to say that they are ignited a corresponding way; so,

  the wave front of the explosion is oriented perpendicular

  to the axis and reaches the subject of gar-

  nissage by accelerating it sharply towards

  inside the cavity. During the impact of the packing material on the filling wall, a pressure of several thousand M Pa is established along the axis, which expels in an axial direction possibly a part of the packing material with higher velocity than the explosion velocity The hydrodynamic theory established to mathematically define this phenomenon treats the metal packing material, because of the pressure

high, like an ideal liquid.

  The packing materials used for

  hollow explosive charges may consist of

  aluminum, red copper (J Applied Physics 1948 p 563-582) and also lead, nickel, magnesium silver, cobalt, tin, zinc or cadmium

  (Explosivstoffe 1959, pages 155-167) We also know

  packing materials made from glass containing iron, ceramic materials containing ferrosilicon and pig iron with a high graphite content

(BRD Patent No. 1,139,418).

  In GDR Patent No. 1,076,543, the use of a packing material consisting of small balls provided with a tin coating is disclosed.

  Correspondence to Hungarian Patent No. 1,462,901, it is

  as the filling material of the iron, copper or titanium powder which has been sintered and compressed but, however, in accordance with Hungarian Patent No. 1,477,241,

  Titanium or a mixture of aluminum is used for this purpose.

nium and iron oxide.

  As fillers for hollow explosive fillers, special alloys such as the eutectic alloy of antimony, zinc and lead, mixed with antimony powder and

  nickel (U.S. Patent No. 3,113,700).

  Also described in the German Patent No. 1,182,567, packing materials consisting of

  a mixture of metals and rare earths.

  The common disadvantage of all packing materials used for hollow explosive charges is that only a small portion of the packing material is accelerated to a relatively high speed of 5,000 to 10,000 m / s and constitutes the jet.

  cumulative producing the hole itself.

  Most of the packing material is shorter than the cumulative stream, but its diameter is larger and the packing material is a cigar-shaped metal rod that follows the cumulative stream with a lower speed of about 50 at% This part has a relatively low speed

  but, however, the metal rod having a large diameter

  meter in relation to the hole diameter seals in many cases the hole formed by the cumulative jet in well casing As a result, the perforation of the cemented casings of hydrocarbon production wells is not satisfactory because so-called the traffic jam

  metal gets stuck in the holes.

  With metal powders made from

  filling materials, it is evident that

  but the depth of the perforated hole is much smaller than the depth of the holes formed by the massive metal charge. For this reason, charges containing such packing materials have not been used.

not used in practice.

  It is an object of the invention to provide a filling material for hollow explosive charges for perforating the casing of wells with high efficiency, that is to say that a hole of large diameter is produced and that no metal plug is formed in this hole. We found that it was possible to solve the

  aforementioned problem using, for explosive charges

  hollow cores used for the perforation of well casings for hydrocarbon production, as a

  filling to increase the efficiency, an

  binding containing bismuth and / or a metal mixture

  containing bismuth and / or elemental bismuth.

  The invention is based on the fact that the materials

  Increasing efficiency of known types do not behave, despite the high pressure, during cumulation, as an ideal liquid because, during the change of shape, it occurs within the lining of shearing effects and shear forces, the energy thus spent decreasing the displacement energy of the cumulative jet On the other hand, the jet moving at high speed is disintegrated on its trajectory, under the effect of the speed gradient during the accumulation and the noncoherent cumulative stream can not penetrate sufficiently

the target part.

  In the experiments carried out by the inventors

  ters, it has been found that the packing materials,

  bricks from alloys containing bismuth, and even from elemental bismuth, can be formed in a surprising manner with little work, that they accumulate a great energy of displacement and that they behave, at the time of the generation of the cumulative jet, almost like an ideal liquid Until now, we have not used bismuth or a bismuth alloy

for this reason.

  The filling material with increased efficiency

  quoted according to the invention contains from 0.5 to 100% of bismuth and it may have, as is known, a symmetrical shape of revolution, or it may have in general, a simple cone shape, double cone or truncated cone, etc.

  An advantageous embodiment of the invention

  upholstery with an increase in efficiency

  to the invention consists of battery

  made from eutectic alloys

  with bismuth, which consist of 55.5%

  muth and 44.5% lead (mp 1240 ° C), or 58% bismuth and 42% tin (mp 140 ° C) or 48% bismuth, 28, 5% lead, 14.5% tin and 9% antimony (melting point 2260 C) Shape fillings

  conical which are made from eutectic alloy

  that contain 48 to 60% of bismuth does not

  generally in the perforated holes no plug, and they greatly increase the impact force of the hollow explosive charge In the case of the conical packing material having an apex angle of 60), the same hollow explosive charge is in

  able to effectively accelerate the filling

  more than 50 to 70% when using

  simply for the material of the cone, instead of the known copper, the eutectic alloy of bismuth described above, or when mixing the material

  with copper powder and / or bronze powder.

  As a result of the reduction of energy absorbed by the buckling of the conical shaped load and as a result of

  coherence also maintained for a great deal of

  the penetration depth is 20 to 60% higher and no metal plug forms

massif.

  According to another advantageous embodiment of the packing material with an increase in efficiency according to the invention, filling fillers are used.

  made from copper alloys containing

  These alloys are extraordinarily brittle, especially also for a fairly low bismuth content, for example 0.7%, and they are broken down into powder form under the action of a bismuth.

  dynamic force such as a shock produced by an explosion

  As a result, perforation occurs

free from the plug.

  According to another advantageous embodiment of the packing material with increased efficiency

  according to the invention, use is made of

  nissage consisting only of bismuth It is

  possible to obtain a very great depth of penetration

without plug formation.

  The packing material made from bismuth was compared in accordance with the present invention.

  with the known packing material made from copper.

  Hollow explosive charges with two kinds

  of packing material and otherwise identical -

  were shot in a mass of aluminum.

  Twenty shots were fired each time, and the minimum and maximum values of penetration depth were determined and, in addition, the average was

  checking for possible plugs.

  The results obtained are given in the table below.

  efore. Comparison of packing material containing bismuth, and corresponding to one embodiment of the invention, with the known packing material Packing material Packing material containing copper-based bismuth Minimum penetration depth (mm) 165 102 maximum 225 166 average 189 131 Frequency of formation of plugs (%) O 55 -J 1%> ui oc> The table shows that the minimum depth of penetration in the case of packing material

  corresponding to the invention is identical to the

  Maximum Penetration Penetration Achieved for the Known Lining Material The average penetration depth of the packing material according to the invention is 44% greater than that of known packing materials. The table also shows that no plug is formed with the correct packing material

to the invention.

  The filling material with increased efficiency

  This invention provides different advantages

  both technical and economic.

  In the hydrocarbon extraction wells, the penetration channels in the cemented casing are of great depth and they have no plug, so that the hydraulic communication between

  the layers placed behind the cement pipes

  and the volume inside the pipeline is improved. As a result, it is possible to extract

  wells a greater amount of hydrocarbons.

  Considering the fact that the length of the penetration channels is increased during perforation and that the channels contain no plug, it is possible to reduce the specific number of shots, ie the number of shots reported at a length.

  unitary well, while maintaining the same

flow conditions.

Claims (2)

  1 Increasingly effective packing material, mainly for the perforation of   casings of hydrocarbon extraction wells,   characterized in that the packing material consists of an alloy containing bismuth and / or a metal mixture containing bismuth and / or elemental bismuth. 2 Packing material according to claim   1, characterized in that the alloy containing bis- muth has an eutectic composition.