FR2513020A1 - METHOD FOR COOLING AN ACCUMULATOR AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

A method is specified for cooling an accumulator while it is charging, by immersion into the electrolyte (8) of the heat tube vaporiser (2), in the case of which the gases which form in the electrolyte (8) during the charging of the accumulator (9) are passed into a heat tube (1), and in the case of which the electrolyte (8) is pumped through the heat tube (1) with the aid of the said gases. The device which implements the said method for cooling an accumulator contains a heat tube (1) which contains a vaporiser (2) with the heat carrier (7), and a condenser (11). In this case, the vaporiser (2) is designed in the form of a tube element (3) having two walls - outer wall (4) and inner wall (5) - and the cavity (6) between them is hermetically sealed, together with the filled heat carrier (7), on the ends of the tube element (3). The device is equipped with a compressed gas syphon (13) whose housing (14) is installed in the tube element (3) with an air gap (17) between it and the inner wall (5) of said tube element (3), and at least one tube (15) is inserted into the housing (14) of the compressed gas syphon (13) in order to connect this housing (14) to the gas space (16) in the accumulator (9).

Description

METHOD FOR COOLING AN ACCUMULATOR
AND DEVICE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS
The present invention relates to the electrotechnical industry, and more particularly, to methods for cooling accumulators and to devices for carrying out these methods.

 Nowadays, no industrial branch can do without electric accumulators serving as energy sources.

 According to the electrochemical principles, the electric accumulators are divided into acid and alkaline accumulators, while according to the field of use, they are classified in starting accumulators, maritime accumulators, traction accumulators and accumulators for diesel locomotives.

 At the present time, there is an increasing need for traction accumulators, among which alkaline electric accumulators and, first of all, those which have improved energy performance and an extended service life, and which are the no longer used.

 Improvement of the existing types of alkaline electric accumulators is envisaged above all for the increase of their capacity and, consequently, of the charge and discharge currents, without for this modifying their dimensions.

 To obtain a voltage, a current, a capacity or a power which cannot be ensured by a single accumulator, several identical accumulators are brought together, electrically and constructively, into a storage battery, which will be called hereinafter , to simplify the vocabulary, simply "accumulator".

 During the cycle, a term designating the alternation of the charging and discharging processes taking place in the accumulators, there is a heating of the latter, which is all the greater the higher the charging and discharging currents. . During use of the accumulators and, above all, tending their charge the temperature of the electrolyte must not exceed an admissible limit, otherwise, irreversible processes affecting the operational safety of the accumulators and, thereby, the duration of their service, take place on the electrodes of the accumulators.

 In accumulators assembled in a battery in a compact manner, there is a very probable possibility of overheating because in this case, the heat which they bite in the ambient air has essentially only one way, the one passing through their covers. However, the surface of the cover is not large, it makes, depending on the capacity of the accumulator, from 6 to 10% of the total surface of the latter. Under these conditions, 15 to 20 "of the heat given off by the accumulators escape to the ambient air, while 80 to 85% of the heat contributes to the heating of the accumulators.

Your normalization of the thermal regimes of the accumulators constitutes a leading problem, a solution of which can be obtained today thanks to a forced cooling of the accumulators,
A method is known for cooling a storage battery by pumping a heat transfer fluid through the electrolyte of the storage batteries.

 said process is carried out by means of a device for cooling the accumulators, comprising electrically insulated heat exchanger elements, arranged in the electrolyte of each accumulator, a heat-transfer fluid, water for example, a pump, fittings and pipes connecting the pump to: heat exchanger elements (see Grtxnde-Pretagne patent N 1461366).

This device is too bulky and difficult to
use.

 Act # el # ement, one largely uses cooling processes. # Ement storage batteries using thermal tubes containing an evaporator filled with a heat transfer fluid and a condenser. . the operating principle of thermal tubes is based on multiple repetitions of the evaporative-condensation cycle of the heat transfer fluid in a closed volume.

 thermal tubes are characterized by a high thermal conductivity, several orders of magnitude higher than that of metals such as copper, aluminum and silver, which determines their dimensions and reduced mass.

 In addition, such tubes do not require special maintenance, they are silent and have an extended service life.

There is a known method for cooling accumulators combined into a battery consisting of placing thermal tubes between the tanks of neighboring accumulators, fixing their position, and lubricating the surfaces of the accumulators in contact with the thermal tubes with a conductive grease of heat (see Mahefkey
AND, Yreitman R '. "An intercell planer heat pipe for the removal dring the cycling of a high rate-nickçl-cadmium battery." - J.of Electrochem.Soc. 1 71, v. 118, N8, p. 1382) -
the thermal tube for carrying out the above process is a sealed hollow body, made ~ in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped partially filled with a heat transfer fluid. the thermal tube is installed in such a way that the part of the body filled with heat transfer fluid and constituting the evaporator of the thermal tube is placed between the accumulators, while the other part, which constitutes the condenser - of the thermal tube, exceeds the covers accumulators.

 the method described is not sufficiently effective, the cooling of the electrolyte being carried out indirectly via the walls of the accumulator tank.

In addition, a weakening of the fixing resulting in a displacement of the thermal tubes and an irregular lubrication of the surfaces in contact with the aid of the heat-conducting grease reduce the coeXfi-
heat transfer from the electrolyte to the thermal tube, which reduces the efficiency of the latter.

 There is also known a process for cooling.

ment of an accumulator battery (or an accumulator), according to which the evaporator of the thermal tube is immersed directly in the electrolyte of the accumulator.

 This process is carried out using a thermal tube.

containing a ribbed evaporator filled with a heat transfer fluid and a ribbed condenser connected to the evaporator.

(see French patent N2301107).

 the cooling of the accumulator is carried out as follows.

 Your heat from the electrolyte is transmitted through the walls of the evaporator of the thermal tube to the heat transfer fluid which, when heated, evaporates, while the vapors of the heat transfer fluid, rising, condense in the condenser placed above the accumulator to then return to the evaporator of the thermal tube.

 the heat released during the condensation of the heat transfer fluid is directed to the ambient air. During the cooling of the accumulator, the electrolyte circulates continuously: the cold electrolyte goes down, while the hot electrolyte goes up along the surface of the evaporator.

 the gases forming in the electrolyte during the charging of the accumulator, leaving the gas space of the accumulator, escape through the neck thereof towards the ambient air.

 The ## described above presents ~ during l1inoenvénientd1unev # tessein- #.

sufficient displacement of the electrolyte along the surface of the evaporator and, therefore, a cooling of a relatively small quantity of electrolyte per unit of time, which does not allow the ac to cool accumulator in a sufficiently effective manner, resulting in a reduction in the reliability and the service life of the accumulator.

 In addition, this method also has the drawback of slowing down the heat and mass exchange processes due to the adhesion of gas bubbles to the surface of the evaporator, which reduces the efficiency of the thermal tube. and, therefore, that of cooling the accumulator.

 The object of the invention is a method for cooling an accumulator and a device for implementing this method, in which the thermal tube would be produced, the electrolyte moving relative to the thermal evaporator, such so as to ensure an increase in the speed of movement of the electrolyte relative to the evaporator of the thermal tube, thereby increasing the quantity of electrolyte cooled per unit of time and thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the accumulator to increase its reliability and extend its service life.

 According to the invention, the method for cooling an accumulator during charging consists in immersing the evaporator of a thermal tube in the electrolyte, and it is characterized in that the gases are heminated, forming in the electrolyte during the charging of the accumulator, towards the thermal tube, and by the fact that the oh pumps the electrolyte through the thermal tube using said gases.

Also according to the invention, the device implementing said method comprises a thermal tube provided with an evaporator containing a heat transfer fluid and with a condenser, and it is characterized in that the evaporator is produced in the form of an element. tubular with double walls, an internal wall and an external wall, which delimit a cavity filled with the heat transfer fluid and closed in a sealed manner at the ends of the tubular element, this device being provided with a drawing-off pump operating on gas
the body of which is placed in the tubular element so as to leave a free space between the body of the pump and the internal wall of the tubular element at least one tube being introduced into the body of the above-mentioned gas-powered pump in order to connect this body to the gas space of the accelerator.

 The electrolyte is pumped through the thermal tube to increase the speed of movement of the electrolyte along the surface of the evaporator by means of a continuous discharge of the portions of hot electrolyte towards the thermal tube and auf, thus lie the quantity of electrolyte cooled per unit of time, by making the exchange process of catalyst between the heat transfer fluid and the electrolyte appreciably more energetic, which results in increasing the efficiency of cooling of the accumulator and, thereby, its operational reliability and its service life.

 Furthermore, pumping the electrolyte using the gases formed in the electrolyte during the charging of the accumulator and then discharged towards the ambient air, makes it possible to advantageously use the potential energy of this gas, thereby achieving efficient cooling of 11 accumulators without the need for bulky and expensive additional equipment.

 On the other hand, the relatively high velocities of movement of the electrolyte along the surface of the evaporator of the thermal tube reduce the adhesion of the gas bubbles to the surface of the evaporator, which causes the coefficient of heat transfer from the electrolyte to the heat transfer fluid and, consequently, the cooling efficiency of the accumulator.

 the realization of the evaporator in the form of a tubular element having double walls between which a cavity is filled filled with the heat transfer fluid and sealed at the ends of the tubular element, as well as the arrangement, in the latter, of a ga7 pump. connected to the gas space of the accumulator make it possible to pump the electrolyte through the thermal tube by taking advantage of the potential energy of the gases degassed by the electrolyte during the charging of the accumulator.

 In addition, the realization of the evaporator in the form of the tubular element with double walls makes it possible to extend the contact surface of the evaporator with the electrolyte, without further mentioning the dimensions of the evaporator itself, which also contributes to. make the cooling of the accumulator more efficient.

 According to one embodiment of the device for cooling the accumulator, the external wall of the tubular element is made concave, at least in any place, so as to form a longitudinal groove, one end of the pump tube gas draw off being disposed in said groove.

 the arrangement of the end of the tube of the drawing pump. in the longitudinal groove makes it possible to simplify the process of fixing the thermal tube in the battery pack.

 The realization of the longitudinal groove in the external wall of the tubular element of the thermal tube contributes to the extension of its heat exchange surface, by increasing the surface of the evaporator in contact with the electrolyte of the accumulator. , which increases the cooling efficiency of the accumulator.

 The more the grooves, the more the surface of the evaporator responsible for the heat exchange is developed.

 This is why, the production of several final longitu grooves is advantageous in the case of devices serving to cool large capacity accumulators.

 According to another embodiment of the device for cooling the accumulator, it is advantageous to add a visor which will be in the cavity formed by the walls of the tubular element and will be fixed on the upper part of its external wall. .

 the presence of the visor in the cavity formed by the walls of the tubular element allows the flow of condensed heat transfer fluid along the internal wall of the evaporator which has a large contact surface with the electrolyte , which increases the efficiency of the heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid and the electrolyte and allows better cooling of the accumulator.

 According to yet another embodiment of the device for cooling the accumulator, the ends of the body of the drawing pump operating on gas are divergent to be conjugated, in their widest part, with the internal wall of the tubular element , and have slots.

 the fact that the ends of the gas draw-off pump widen and are joined, in their widest part, to the internal wall of the tubular element, allowing simple attachment of the pump body to the evaporator of the thermal tube, by at the same time allowing the pump body to be moved easily along the evaporator which widens the range of applications of the device for cooling accumulators of different capacity.

 In addition, such an embodiment of the pump body results in a more perfect supply of the gases released by the electrolyte during the charging of the accumulator, to the gas drawing pump, by intensifying the heat exchange between the electrolyte and the heat transfer fluid and therefore improving the cooling of the accumulator.

 the arrangement of the slots on the walls of the body and the flow of the electrolyte along the internal wall of the evaporator, which also contributes to the intensification of the heat exchange between the electrolyte and the heat-transfer fluid and, thereby, better cooling of the accumulator.

 According to yet another embodiment of the invention, avctntû ~~ eusenent will be fitted with the device for cooling the accumulator with a drip barrier.

 Laprésenoedeoepare # drops avoids the possible projection of the electrolyte outside the accumulator during its pumping using the gas draw-off pump, thus maintaining the required level of electrolyte in the battery. emulator, which allows safe operation of the # .mulator.

 According to yet another embodiment of the device for cooling the accumulator, the drip barrier is installed in the tubular element of the thermal tube above the corus of the gas drawing pump.

 Such an embodiment of the device is advantageous in the case of cooling of small capacity accumulators.

 According to yet another embodiment. of the device for cooling the accumulator, the drip shield is located in the upper part of the body of the gas drawing pump, while below the drip shield, in the immediate vicinity thereof, are provided with orifices.

 the arrangement of the drip stopper in the horn of the gas drawing pump is advantageous for devices used to cool small capacity accumulators.

 Your openings in the body of the gas drawing pump, below and in the immediate vicinity of the drip shield, facilitate the flow of electrolyte from the gas drawing pump to the accumulator, said flow being achieved along the inner wall of the tubular member.

The invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of various exemplary embodiments described below, without implied limitation and with reference to the appended drawings in which
fig. 1 shows a device for cooling an accumulator according to the invention, shown in longitudinal section
fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the device for cooling an accumulator, shown in longitudinal section
fig. f represents yet another embodiment of the device for cooling atun accunulatcu #, shown in longitudinal section
fig. 4 is a section following the book IRr-IRr of FIG. 3 ;;
the fiiez 5 represents yet another embodiment of the device for the cooling of an accumulator, shown in longitudinal section; and
fig. 6 is a section along the line VI-VT of FIG. 5.

 Your description of the process for the cooling of accumulators and that of the # operation of the device for its implementation being 1 i é es 1 u u to the other, the proposed process will be characterized later, during the description of the operation of the device.

the device for cooling an accumulator, object of the invention, comprises a thermal tube 1
(fig. 1) containing an evaporator 2, produced. in the form of a tubular element 3 of cylindrical shape, having double walls 4 and 5, an external wall-4 and an internal wall 5, the cavity 6 formed by these walls being closed in leaktight manner at the ends of the tubular element 3 and filled with a heat transfer fluid 7, for example ammonia.

 Other substances, such as acetone, alcohols, freons, etc., can also be used as heat transfer fluid.

the heat transfer fluid must have a temperature of
the boiling point which is close to the admissible limit temperature of the electrolyte 8 of the accumulator 9 and a relatively high latent heat of vaporization; in addition, he must be able to maintain his properties throughout an extended service.

It is possiblederéallser ltevaporacteur 2 under the aspect of a tubular element whose cross section is in the form of an ellipse, a rectangle (not shown), or any other form. the cross in the shape of the cross section of the tubular element 3 is determined by the constructive design of the neck 10 of the accumulator
reader 9.

The evaporator 2 of the thermal tube 1 is made in
a corrosion-resistant material, for example, steel of different qualities.

 the cavity 6 formed by the walls s, 5 estréoalisee so as to extend over the entire height of the t-ubular element 3, which intensifies the exchange of heat and mass during the vaporization of the heat transfer fluid 7.

 the evaporator 2 (fig. 2) can be made so that the internal wall 5 exceeds the external wall 4. Such an embodiment of the evaporator 2 reduces the amount of metal necessary for the construction of the thermal tube 1; it is advantageous in the case of devices used to cool small capacity accumulators.

the thermal tube 7 (fig. 1) further comprises a con
denser ll executed for example in the form of a coil connected by welding to the external wall 4 of the tubular element 3 so that the internal volume 12 of the conden
sor 11 communicates with the cavity 6 of the evaporator 2.

The condenser ll is made of the same material as the evaporator 2.

 the condenser having such a structure has a large heat exchange surface while having reduced dimensions, it is characterized by high operational reliability and by simplicity of manufacture. Furthermore, such a structure of the condenser does not require large energy thoughts for the blowing with a view to its cooling.

 Other embodiments of the condenser 11 are possible: by way of this, the condenser can be produced in the form of a bundle of tubes, the ends of which are connected to a common tank (not shown).

 the device for cooling accumulators also comprises a gas drawing pump 13 composed of a body 14 and at least one tube 15 connecting the latter to the gas space 16 of the accumulator 9. the number of tubes 15 in the gas drawing pump 13 depends on the capacity of the accumulator to cool.

The body 14, placed in the tubular element 3 of the thermal tube with a spacing 17 relative to its internal Daroi 5, is produced in the form of a hollow cylinder, of the
same material as the whole thermal tube 1, and fixed
in the tubular element 3 using spacers 18
the body 14 of the pump 13 can be made in one
material with capillary porosity, for example an agglomerated metal powder resistant to corrosion, which per
will intensify the evacuation of heat since summer
electrolyte 8 during the circulation of the latter in the
body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13.

the end 19 of the tube 15 of the pump 13 is intro
picks from the body 14, while its other end 20
is fixed, for example by welding, to the external wall 4
of the tubular element 3.

the outer wall 4 (fig. 3 to 6), in accordance with l1in-
vention, can be made concave, for example by estam
page, at least somewhere. so for
sea a longitudinal groove 21.

In FIGS. 3 to 6, the elements identical to those
in Figure 1 are designated by the same reference numbers
risk.

Figures 3, 4 show a device for re
cooling of accumulators, provided with a single groove
longitudinal 21 which receives the end 20 of the tube 15 of the
gas drawing pump 13.

the execution of the longitudinal groove 21
increases the surface area of the evaporator 2 charged with heat
changes heat while the arrangement in said spoke
nure, from the end 20 of the tube 15 makes it possible to simplify the
method of fixing the thermal tube 1 in the neck 10
of the accumulator 9.

Ies Figures 5, 6 show a device for re
disposal of accumulators, including the external wall 4
has four longitudinal grooves 21, two of which receive
wind the ends 20 of two tubes 15 of the pump 13 of
gas draw.

Such an achievement can be retained for the dis
positive for cooling large accumulators
capacity, since a significant number of long tudinal grooves offer a london surface with avi eci # years # of heat, while an immense number of tubes 15 increases the quantity of gas coming from the gas space 16 of the accumulator 9, thereby intensifying heat exchange between the electrolyte and the heat transfer fluid 7.

 According to one embodiment, the device for cooling accumulators comprises a visor 22 (FIG. 3, 5) which is disposed in the cavity 6, formed by the walls 4, 5 of the 3dutubethermic tubular element 1, and fixed by welding to the external wall 4 of said tubular element 3.

 the visor 22 makes it possible to bring the heat transfer fluid 7 during its flow, towards the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2, this improves the wettability of the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2 by the condensed heat transfer fluid 7 , thereby improving the exchange of value between the fluid 7 and the electrolyte 8 pumped.

According to yet another embodiment of the device for the cooling of accumulators, the lower and upper ends, respectively 23 and 24, of the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13, because it
the are conformed, for example by expansion; diverge between them to conjugate, in their widest part, with the internal wall 5 of the tubular element 3 and are provided with slots 25, which ensure the flow of the electrolyte 8 from the body 14 towards the accumulator 9 along the internal wall 5 of the tubular element 3 of the thermal tube 1.

Such an embodiment of the ends 2 ′, 24 of the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13 simplifies the connection of the horn 14 with the valve # 2 of the thermal tube 1 and allows easy movement of the body 14 vertically. Zong's
evaporator 2, which, in turn, extends the range of applications of the device for the cooling of urus batteries of different capacities.

 According to one embodiment of the device for cooling accumulators, it comprises a drip shield 2 intended to reduce the possible projection of the electrolyte 8 beyond the accumulator 9.

 Different embodiments and arrangements of the drip shield 26 are possible. Figures 2, 3 show a drip stopper 26 installed in the tubular element 3 above the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13. The dropper 26 is produced in the form of a perforated hollow cone, its top at the top, fixed to the internal wall 5 by means of a support 27.

 Another embodiment and attachment of the drip shield 26 is shown in FIG. 5. Here, the i: are-drips 26 is disposed in the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13 near its upper end 24 , orifices-27, arranged below the dropper 26 in the immediate vicinity of the latter, being formed in the body 14.

 The drip stopper 26 is produced in the form of a perforated plate brazed to the body 14. Such an embodiment of the drop guard is advantageous in the case of devices intended to cool large capacity accumulators.

 the device described for cooling accumulators operates as follows.

 The device is placed in the neck 10 (fig. L) of the accumulator 1 so that the condenser ll of the thermal tube 1 is located above the accumulator 9, the part of the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube 1 containing the thermal fluid 7 and a part of the body 14 of the pump 13 for drawing gas plon-ent in ltelectrolte 8; and that the tube 15 of the gas drawing pump 13 connects the gas space 16 of the accumulator 9 to the body 14.

The extent of the submerged part of the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube I is determined on the basis of the condition that the ratio of the contact surface between the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube 1 and the electrolyte 8 to the surface electrodes (not shown) is equal to 0.008 to 0.03.

 During the charging of the accumulator, as a result of the chemical-chemical processes taking place between the electrodes and the electrolyte, a large amount of gas is formed in the latter, which accumulates in the gas space 16 of the accumulator 9.

 Your gases having an excess static pressure flow in the tube 15 of the gas drawing pump 13 and, through the latter, in the body 14. Simultaneously, under the action of the excess static pressure of the gases, the electrolyte 8 is expelled into the thermal tube 1 through the gap 17 between the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2 and the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13 to create a hydraulic seal in the thermal tube 1.

 Under the effect of the difference in specific weights between the gas-liquid mixture in the body 14 and the electrolyte 8 outside the latter, the level of the gas-liquid mixture in the gas drawing pump 13 rises and the electrolyte 8, overflowing from the body 14, returns to the accumulator 9 through the gap 17 between the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2 and the body 14, while the gases escape to their surroundings.

This is how the electrolyte 8 is pumped through the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13
In other words, a continuous supply of new portions of hot electrolyte is obtained towards the thermal tube 1.

 The pumping of 11 electrolyte 8 makes it possible to increase the speed of movement of the electrolyte along the surface of the evaporator 2 and to reduce the adhesion of the gas bubbles to the surface of the said evaporator 2, which considerably intensifies the heat and mass exchange process and therefore increases the cooling efficiency of the accumulator, thereby increasing the operational reliability and the service life of the accumulator.

 In the case ov the lower and upper ends 2 ′, 24 (fig. 3) of the body 14 of the pump 13 of the gas supply expand and are conjugated in their widest part with the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2 , the electrolyte 8 returns to the accumulator 9 through the slots 25 while flowing through the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2, which considerably intensifies the process of cooling the electrolyte and, therefore, the whole of the accumulator.

 In the case where one installs, in the body 14 (fig.5) of the gas drawing pump 13, the hood # 26, the electrolyte 8 coming from the body 14 returns to the accumulator 9 through the orifices 28 flowing along the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2.

 Since the gas-liquid mixture is energetically pumped through the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13, a portion of electrolyte 8 can be sprayed out of the accumulator by the thermal tube 1.

 The lowering of the electrolyte level in the accumulator 9, due to losses of electrolyte 8 by projection out of the accumulator affects the safe operation of the latter.

 Furthermore, such a lowering of the level of electro ltte 8 decreases the contact surface of the electrolyte 8 with the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube 1, which affects the efficiency of the thermal tube 1.

 Ie drip guard 26 (fig. 2, 3, 5), installed in the device for cooling accumulators, prevents the electrolyte 8 from being projected out of the accumulator 9.

Indeed, the electrolyte, coming to collide against the rare-drops 26, is returned nar the latter to descend into the accumulator 9, either directly by ltécartement 17 (fig. 2) or first by the slots 25 (fig 3) or the orifices 28 (fig. 5) and then, through the gap 17.

 In the case of using the tower device for cooling large capacity accumulators, the consumption of gases ~ increases by causing the excess static pressure of the gases to rise in the gas space 16 of the accumulator c.

the electrolyte level 8 in the compartment 17 between the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2 and the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13 rises accordingly, which inevitably leads to the need to move the body 14 from the gas drawing pump 13 in the high position.

 Thanks to the fact that the ends 23, 24 of the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13 s7 widen, the body 14 can easily be moved in order to raise or lower it along the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube 1.

By moving upward the body 14 inside the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube 1, the tube 15 of the gas drawing pump 13 remains fixed and in this position its end 19, does not enter the body 14, however, the supply of all gases from the gas space 16 of the accumulator 9 to the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13 is always ensured due to the fact that the lower end 23 of the body 14 widens
Thinking about the charge of the accumulator 9, the electrolyte 8 heats up and transmits its heat through the walls 4, 5 of the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube 1, to the heat transfer fluid 7 which evaporates.

 the vapors of the heat transfer fluid 7, leaving the cavity G formed by the walls 4, 5 of the evaporator 2, pass into the condenser II, part of these vapors condensing in the upper part of the aerated evaporator 2 nar Ambiant air.

 the vapors of the heat transfer fluid 7 condensed in the upper part of the evaporator 2 flow downwards. In the case where the cavity 6 (fig. 3, 5) of the evaporator 2 is provided with the visor 22, the condensed heat transfer fluid 7 descends through this visor 22 onto the internal wall 5 of the evaporator 2 which has a large contact surface with the hot electrolyte, and wets the latter, improving the thermal exchange between the heat transfer fluid 7 and the electrolyte 8.

 the vapors of the heat transfer fluid 7, shores in the interior volume 12 of the condenser il (fig. l), do not pass through a coil and condense there by yielding their heat to the ambient air.

 the condensed heat transfer fluid 7, leaving the condenser 11, enters the cavity E of the evaporator 2 and descends through its walls 4, 5 in the form of a film, this yes causes a significant increase in the heat transmission coefficient during evaporation of the heat transfer fluid 7 in the evaporator 2.

 Thanks to the # repetitions of the evaporation-condensation cycle of the heat transfer fluid 7 produced in the thermal tube 1 and by continuous pumping of the electrolyte 8 through the thermal tube 1, there is an energetic exchange of heat between the electrolyte P of the accumulator 9 and the heat transfer fluid 7 of the thermal tube 1, making it possible to evacuate the heat of the electrolyte 8 towards the asbestos air or in other words, to cool the accumulator.

 Below are given specific examples of implementation of the proposed process for cooling accumulators, highlighting the effectiveness of the invention.

Example 1
A device was installed for cooling accumulators in the neck 10 (fig. 1) of an accumulator 9 at the ambient air temperature of 7000. In doing so, the part of the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube l containing the heat transfer fluid 7 and a part of the body 14 of the pump 13 for drawing off gas from the electrolyte 8 of the accumulator 9 and the body 14 of the pump 13 of drawing off for gas at the gas space 16 of the accumulator 9 using the tube 15. The accumulator c was charged with a current of 125 A. the flow rate of the gases released by the electrolyte 8 was 0, 08 m3 / h. Your hyCraulic resistance of the tube 15 of the gas pump 13 was 1373 Pc. the height of the hydraulic seal above the level of the electrolyte 8 was established at 120 mm.

 Under the effect of the difference in specific weights between the mixture, az-liouide being in the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13 and the electrolyte 8 being in the gap 17, the level of the gas-liquid mixture in the body 14 rose and the electrolyte 8, projecting from the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13, returned to the electrolyte c, thus marking the start of pumping of the electrolyte 8 through the thermal tube 1.

 During the charging of the accumulator e, the electrolyte 8, when heated, ceded its heat to the heat transfer fluid 7 contained in the evaporator 2, which heat transfer fluid then evaporated.

 Thanks to the repetitions of the evaporating-condensing cycle of the heat-transfer fluid 7 produced in the thermal tube 1 and to continuous pumping of the electrolyte 8 through the thermal tube 1, there was an energetic exchange of heat between the electrolyte 8 of the accumulator 9 and the heat transfer fluid 7 of the thermal tube 1, thus allowing the heat released by the electrolyte 8 to be evacuated to ambient air or, in other words, to cool the accumulator.

 the temperature of the electrolyte 8 was 400C during the charge of the accumulator. the power evacuated by the thermal tube 1 was 30 W.

 In the absence of pumping of the electrolyte 8 by the gas drawing pump 13, the temperature of the electrolyte was during the charging of the accumulator 9 of 600C, while the power evacuated by the thermal tube l was 18 W.

Example 2
A device for cooling accumulators was placed in the neck 10 (FIG. 1) of an accumulator 9 at ambient temperature of 3000.

 In doing so, the part of the evaporator 2 of the thermal tube 1 containing the heat transfer fluid 7 and a part of the body 14 of the pump 13 for drawing gas from the electrolyte 8 of the accumulator 9 and the the body 14 of the drawing pump 13 was connected to the gas gas space 16 of the accumulator 9 using the tube 15. The accumulator c was charged; by a current of 165 A. the flow rate of the gases released by the electrolyte 8 was 12m3 / b.

the hydraulic resistance of the tube 15 of the gas pump 13 was 2158 Pa. the height of the hydraulic seal above the level of the electrolyte was 160 mm.

 Under the action of the difference in specific weights between the gas-liquid mixture located in the body 14 of the gas drawing pump 13 and the electrolyte 8 located in the sample 17, the level of the liquid gas mixture in the body 14 went up and the electrolyte 8, overflowing from the body 14 of the gas exhaust pump 13, returned to the electrolyte 9, in other words, it started to be pumped through the thermal tube 1.

 During the charge of the accumulator SL, the electrolyte 8, when heated, gave up its heat to the heat transfer fluid 7 contained in the evaporator 2, which heat transfer fluid then evaporated.

 Thanks to the repetitions of the evaporative-condensation cycle of the heat-transfer fluid 7 produced in the thernial tube l and to continuous pumping of the electrolyte 8 through the thermal tule 1, there was an energetic exchange of heat between the electrolyte 8 of the accumulator 9 and the heat transfer fluid 7 of the thermal tube 1, thus ensuring the evacuation of the heat given off by the electrolyte 8 to ambient air or, in other words, the cooling of the accumulator.

 the temperature of the electrolyte 8 during the charge of the accumulator was 450C and the power evacuated by the thermal tuSe 1 was 45 '. In the absence of pumping of the electrolyte 8 through the pop-up 13 of gas draw-off, the temperature of the electroltzte was during the cre of the accumulator 9 of 6500, while the power evacuated by the thermal tube 1 was 22 W.

 the examples given above show that, by pumping the electrolyte through the thermal tube, the temperature of the electrolyte, during the charging of the accumulator, did not exceed the permissible limit temperature, namely 50 C, which attests to the high efficiency of the proposed cooling process and of the device for implementing this process.

 Particular examples of carrying out the invention, it clearly appears to the skilled person the possibility of achieving the aim of the invention within the framework defined by the claims below.

 the proposed method for cooling an accumulator and the device for implementing this method create conditions making it possible to increase the cooling efficiency of the accumulators and, thereby, the operational safety and the duration of their service.

 the invention can be used with maximum efficiency in the operation of traction batteries composed of alkaline accumulators.

Claims (8)

 1. Method for cooling an accumulator during its charge consisting in immersing the evaporator (2) of a thermal tulle (1) in the electrolyte (8), characterized by the fact that the other àz 'forming in the electrolyte during the charging of the accumulator (9), in the thermal tube (1), and by the fact that the electrolyte (8) is pumped through the thermal tube (1) to using said uaz.  2. Device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a thermal tube (1) provided with an evaporator (2) containing a heat transfer fluid (7) and a condenser (11), char. ized by the fact that the evaporator (2) is made in the form of a tubular element (7 ;;) having double walls (4,5), an external wall (4) and an internal wall (5) , which form a cavity (6) filled with the heat transfer fluid (7) and closed in leaktight manner at the ends of the tubular element (3), said device being provided with a drawing-off pump (13) operating on gas, the body (14) is installed in the tubular element (3) with a spacing (17) relative to its internal wall (5), at least one tube (15) being introduced into the body (14) of the said pump pui safe (13), in order to connect the latter to the space at vaz (16) of the accumulator (g).  3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer wall (4) of the tubular element (3) is concave, at least in any location, so as to form a longitudinal groove (21 ), the end (20) of the tube (15) of the gas drawing break (13) being disposed in said groove (21).  4. D ispositifse 1 claim 2 or ', characterized in that it further comprises a visor (22) disposed in the cavity (6) formed by the walls (4,5) of the element tubular (3), this visor being fixed in the upper part of the external wall (4).  5. Device according to any one of claims? at 4, c? r a ct e r i s ed by the fact that  the ends (23, 24) of the body (14) of the gas drawing pump (13) are made divergent to be con  fords, in their widest nettle, with the internal wall (5) of the tubular element (75 ?, and by the fact that said ends (23, 24) are provided with slots (25).  6. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, c a r acté r ies by the fact that it further comprises a nare-outtes (26).  7. Device according to claim 6, c a r a c t é r i s e in that the drip stop (26) is installed in the tubular element (3) above the body (14) of the pump (13) for drawing off gas  8. Device according to claim 6, c a r a c t e r i s 6 in that the bumper (26) is in  installed in the upper part of the pump body (14)  (13) gas draw, while below the drip screen  your (26), in the immediate vicinity of the latter, are mena  holes (28).