FR2508534A1 - INSULATING GLAZING FIREWALL - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO A FIREWALL INSULATING WINDOW CONSISTING OF AT LEAST TWO WINDOWS. AT LEAST ONE OF THE GLASSES IS A FIREWALL GLASS 1 FOR WHICH THE PRODUCT OF THE LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT A BY THE ELASTICITY MODULE E IS LESS THAN 0.4 NMMK AND WHICH THE SOFTENING TEMPERATURE T IS GREATER THAN 800 C. THIS GLAZING IS EQUIPPED WITH MEANS TO REALIZE, DURING THE FIRST 15 MINUTES OF THE FIRE TEST, A PRESSURE COMPENSATION BETWEEN THE INTERIOR SPACE OF THE GLAZING AND THE SURROUNDING EXTERIOR ENVIRONMENT. THIS GLAZING CAN BE USED IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY.

Description

Due to the energy shortage it is already legal-

  in many countries, that external glazing

  In consequence, it is also necessary to use fire-resistant insulating glass units because, in certain outer regions, it is also essential to install fire-resistant glazings. Although it is still necessary to admit, for the moment, that even in the houses built in height the external glazing will not consist entirely of a fireproof insulating glazing, this one can nevertheless find a good use in the glazing staircases, glazing next to volumes

  of stairs, in corners of buildings or two zones of in-

  ash meet, or in high-rise houses

varied.

  That being so, the subject of the present invention is a glassware

  insulation which is able to withstand for at least 30 minutes

  minutes, preferably 60 and 90 minutes, to a fire test

  according to DIN 4102, corresponding to the temperature curve

  standard (see Figure 1) under the technical conditions

  Thus, the fire-resistant insulating glass which is the subject of the invention must satisfy the conditions of a glazing G 30. or G 60 glazing

or G 90.

  We know, basically, three groups of single glazing G,

  which clearly differ in their mode of action.

  The first group is the glass reinforced with metal wires.

  Without special measures they resist the fire test for 30 minutes (G 30): they begin to break after a few seconds and to sink after 30 minutes If we want the glass The fire resistant glass is more resistant to fire testing, so holes must be drilled on the edge of the glass, and the glass must be fixed to the frame by pegs. The soft glass is then held by the network of wires, which is retained by the dowels For windows of dimensions

  In this way it is possible to achieve fire durations of 90

nutes (G 90).

  The second group of single glazing G is constituted

  by glasses which have a low product a x E, a being the coef-

  thermal expansion and E modulus of elasticity, and a high softening temperature (> 800 ° C) and which are in

  thermally prestressed These glasses support the heating

  fage without breaking Because of their high temperatures softening these glasses reach the durations of G 90 and G 120 A glass of this group is sold under the trade name

PYRAN (Glaswerke SCHOTT).

  The third group of single glazing G includes the

  Transparent tro-ceramics (ROBAX, Glaswerke SCHOTT), which

  have a high proportion of mixed crystals based on quartz crystals B which give them an extremely low thermal expansion, not exceeding about 1 x 10-6 K between 0 and 500 'C Due to their low thermal expansion these glasses

  are totally insensitive to the differences in temperature

  coming from the heating operation Due to their high crystalline phase content these glasses can withstand a

  high thermal stress They even support the test of

  ash for more than 240 minutes without deforming.

  we also know, under the name CONTROFLAMMG (Vereinigte

  Glaswerke), complex glazing, that is to say several pan-

  but which do not withstand the fire for a maximum of 60 minutes (G 60).

  They are made of window panes usual, prestressed

  thermally, and a particular hole-chassis system.

  On the other hand, the insulating glazing according to the invention

  satisfies both the technical conditions of an insulated glazing

  normal to the fire protection conditions of a G glazing

DIN 4102.

  The insulating glass which is the subject of the present invention

  tion consists of at least 2 windows, at least one of which is

  a firewall that has a product a x E, designating the coef-

  thermal linear dilatation and E the elastic modulus

  less than 0.4 N / (mm 2 K) and a softening temperature of

T Rau minus 800 ° C.

  This insulating glazing unit is constructed in such a way and is equipped with devices such as tensile stresses which arise under the effect of temperature differences between the center and the edge of the window and under the effect of the internal pressure are always lower. to the resistance

  total of at least one firewall.

  Insulating glass, which must withstand the fire

  More than 60 minutes are separated by spacers which consist of a material not melting below 700 ° C and which have a reinforcement, preferably at the two upper corners. The windows are glued with an organic adhesive that complies with DIN 4102, that is to say with difficulty

flammable and / or self-extinguishing.

  The insulating glazing G 90 which is the subject of the present invention differs from the glazings G which were known up to

  present in that it has not only the technical properties

  However, the properties of an insulating glazing

  It differs from the complex glazings G known so far in that it has a simpler structure of the frame The insulating glass G according to the invention does not require

no special perforated chassis.

  To illustrate the invention, it is appropriate to

  the problems posed by fire-proof insulating glass units.

  For fireproof insulating glazing, as well as for

  simple glazing, it is necessary to distinguish, in the test of in-

  ash, two phases, namely the heating phase and the combustion phase During the heating phase it appears,

  even in the windows of the insulating glazing, differences in

  between the very hot central zone and the edges, which

  These differences in temperature can cause

  within the windows, tension constraints d ^ T and

  In the insulating glass, additional tensions c S appear (which is not the case for single glazing) which must be attributed to the window.

internal pressure.

  In fireproof insulating glazing units - as well as in single glazing units - it must be ensured that no opening is created during the fire test, that is to say that at least one firewall remains in the chassis and ensures

the closure of the premises.

  An additional difficulty, compared to the manufacture

  normal insulating glasses, is that elastic mastics

  permanent city that we use today must be few

  flammable and / or self-extinguishing.

  According to the invention, the fire-resistant glass must be designed in such a way that during the heating process it does not break under the effect of the temperature difference between the center and the edge of the glass, nor under the Effect of the internal pressure The present inventors have found that fire-resistant panes which have a product ax E at most equal to 0.40 N / (mm 2 K), denoting the coefficient of linear thermal expansion and E the module of elasticity, pressure prestressing (6 pre) on the glass surface at least equal to ax E x 180 FN / mm 2 1

  and a softening temperature of at least 800 ° C resists

  if during the first 15 minutes of the fire there is a decrease in

pressure prestressing.

  In FIG. 2 of the attached drawing, the heating time is plotted on the abscissa and, on the ordinate, the temperature differences observed on a double insulating glazing unit according to the invention, which appear during the heating phase.

  fire test, between the center and the edge of the glass.

  The measurements were carried out on an insulating glazing consisting of two PYRAN fire-resistant glass panes of 6 mm thickness and 1 m

  1 m apart from each other by 12 mm The composite iso-

  lant is equipped with a Wood alloy valve which is

  tion to perform pressure compensation and it is mounted

  in a listel, support of 25 mm height The width of

  glass is 20 mm on the side that is turned towards

  the temperature difference AT passes through its maximum value

  approximately 320 K, after about 10 minutes On the side opposite the fire it reaches a maximum value, ie 180 ° C,

after 15 minutes.

  The pressure compensation during the first 15 minutes after the start of the fire test can be done by means of a temperature valve, a pressure valve or a

  choice or appropriate treatment of other insulating glass.

  For prestressed glasses whose product of thermal expansion by the modulus of elasticity E satisfies the double inequality: 0.09 <ax E <0.4 lN / (mm K) l the stress caused by the internal pressure, dpi should not exceed, as much as possible, 20 N / mm 2 for glasses

  whose product has x E is less than 0.09 N / (mm 2 K)

  curl by the internal pressure should be lower or

equal to 40 N / mm 2.

  For temperature-responsive pressure compensation valves the length of the smallest edge is plotted on the abscissa in Fig. 3 of the appended drawing and, on the ordinate side, the response temperature for two types of glass. (5 ft <20 N / mm 2 and 40 N / mm 2) As a valve of this type, for example, a valve with a Wood alloy can be used. However, any other turbofan can also be used. a temperature below the line

  drawn, for example also organic materials or solu-

  giving other thermal effects, in particular an effect of

  bimetal The temperature curves depend a little on the thickness

window.

  For pressure compensation valves that respond to

  In FIG. 4, the pressure pressure is applied to the response pressures as a function of the shortest edge length.

  curves that lead to additional stress have been

  glazing 20 or 40 N / mm 2 by the internal pressure.

  For windows with the shortest edge length exceeding 1 m, the response pressure hardly changes. Pressure-sensitive valves are more suitable for small insulating glass units than for large ones. For the latter, it is necessary to install pressure valves. very sensitive pressure This state of affairs can be explained by the fact that large windows undergo a

  bulge much more pronounced than small windows.

  The insulating glazing unit may also be designed in accordance with the invention so that the pressure compensation is achieved by the early break of the other panes, the firewall remaining intact The other panes must break sufficiently

  early so that the tensile stresses within the windshield

  fire, stresses which appear under the effect of the temperature difference (6 AT) between the edge of the window and its center and under the effect of the internal pressure (dpi) are always

  less than its total resistance (6 T J 'in accordance with the unequal

  following: TF> 5 AT + 5 μ where s F denotes the total resistance, i.e. the flexural-tensile strength (N / mm 2), d denotes the stress due to the temperature difference between the center and the edge of the glass, and

  If is the stress due to the internal pressure.

  The total resistance of a glass consists of its resistance

  base 5 and pressure preload 5 in

G prec.

  the case where the window is prestressed.

  also takes the edge resistance For the other windows to break before the firewall the following condition must be fulfilled: (ôG prec AT ni) VPF (G prec AT si) your windows We are in the critical situation when the fire-resistant glass is turned towards the fire In this case it appears in the fire-resistant glass, after 15 minutes of fire, the following tensile stress due to the temperature difference s AT = a 1 x E 1 x 320 (firewall)

  and in the window on the side opposite the fire, the

following traction

  SAT = 2 x E 2 x 180 (windows remaining).

  When the windows are the same thickness, dpi takes the

  same value in both panes and therefore disappears from the equation.

  An insulating composite according to the invention can therefore

  consist of a firewall that meets the definition given

  above and a glass of the same thickness or thinner for

  which has x E> 0.6 N / (mm 2 K) (for example a window pane

  tre), without additional valve Equal dimensions, and for the same internal pressure, the thin panes always undergo, under the effect of the internal pressure, a stronger stress than the thick panes If the other panes are thinner than the glass firewall they break much faster than

the latter.

  If, for safety reasons, the other panes must be made of safety glass, that is to say glass having a prestressing pressure of approximately 100 N / mm, then they must either have a definite defect which lowers their resistance to that of a normal glass,

  thinner by more than 1 mm than firewalls.

  In addition to the heating process, the duration of the fire plays an important role in the choice of the glazing structure

  insulation and its mounting in a chassis.

  The present inventors have found that one can make

  even insulating glass units with durations of 60

  and 90 minutes if sufficient contact pressure is

  held for the duration of the fire test The pressure of

  contact is maintained throughout the duration of the fire test.

  die if the spacer placed between the insulating panes is in one

  material does not melt below 7000 C It is particularly

  It is interesting to use a spacer made of a profiled steel tube. Since the fire-resistant glass panes have 0.09 <ax E <0.4 N / (mm 2 K) and TR> 800 ' C begin to

  soften already before reaching the 90 minutes they tend to

  This is why a profiled steel tube, of dimensions adapted to those of the glass, must have a sufficient wall thickness and / or comprise at the angle connection, a reinforcement preventing the spacer of

  The angle reinforcement may consist, for example, of

  A little longer, welded on the corner, piece which is slid into the hollow steel profile. The solid steel part should be pushed deeper into the hollow section than dimensions of the window

  The corner reinforcement also prevents a bomb-

  too much of the spacer down due to its

thermal expansion.

  According to DIN 4102, fire-resistant glazing must not contain flames for long periods of time on the opposite side of the fire: this is why organic glues

  and the edges of the frame joint shall be of self-adhesive

  extinguishing. The fire resistance time of 60 minutes, according to DIN 4102, is only achieved with the insulating glazing unit according to the invention when this glazing is mounted in a frame which maintains a given contact pressure throughout the entire period.

  duration of the fire test longer than 60 minutes.

  For G 60 and G 90 fire-resistant insulating glazing units,

  Glass intake in the frame can be 20 + 3 mm.

  The following examples illustrate the present invention.

Example 1

  FIG. 5 of the attached drawing shows an insulating glazing unit

  firewall mounted in a steel frame The insulating glazing

  fire consists of a firewall 1 with a thickness of 6 mm,

  preferably thermally prestressed, and a window of

  be non-prestressed 2, with a thickness of 4 mm.

  Fire 1 is a borosilicate glass having the following characteristics: a x E = 0.20 N / (mm 2 K) prec 40 N / mm 2 6 prev; pressure prestressing)

  T = 8150 C (TR = softening temperature).

  RR The spacer 3 consists of a profiled steel tube

  which is filled with a molecular sieve and is split

  In a dam with the diffusion of water vapor 4 and a material with permanent elasticity 5, which is not very inflammable and self-extinguishing, the insulating glazing is glued and the space

  interior is sealed from the outside.

  The fireproof insulating glass is held in the sheet during the fire test by tightening using screws 6 or toggle blades, and so it is not likely to fall in case of fire.

Example 2

  Fig 6 shows a section through an insulated glazing unit

  firewall having a firewall 7 6 mm thick and a window pane 8, also 6 mm thick The glass

  firewall 7 is a transparent glass ceramic whose coeffi-

  The temperature of thermal expansion a is equal to 0.1 x 10 K The softening temperature of this vitro-ceramic can not

  to be accurately determined because of the presence of crystals.

  It is however greater than 10000 C.

Example 3

  FIG. 7 represents a fire-resistant insulating glazing unit

  having two fire-resistant windows 6 mm thick and a pressure valve 9 equipped with a membrane 10 Each of the fire-resistant glass panes is identical to that described in example 1. The panes have the dimensions 400 mm x 1200 mm The membrane to

  pressure is designed so that it is torn under the

  an internal pressure of 0.01 N / mm 2.

Example 4

  FIG. 8 represents a fire-resistant insulating glazing unit

  taking a fire-resistant pane 1 of 6 mm thick, thermally prestressed, identical to that described in Example 1,

  and a window pane 11 with a thickness of 6 mm and prestressing

  -15 mically The pressure compensation in case of fire is carried out thanks to a valve 12 which responds to the temperature It is about a small aluminum tube closed by an alloy of Wood

13 low melting point.

Example 5

  Fig 9 shows a spacer made of a tube pro-

  spun steel 4 and comprising a solid steel corner reinforcement 15.

  The corner reinforcement is important especially for the upper part.

  re of the spacer; however even in the lower corners

  it brings improvement, albeit weak.

Claims (10)

  1 Multiple-panel insulating glazing building element, in which at least one of the panes is a fire-resistant pane resistant for at least 30 minutes to a fire test according to DIN 4102, according to the standard temperature curve , and which has a spacer between   windows, an element characterized by the fact that it following rites:   1.1 the firewall consists of a glass or glass   ceramic whose product of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion a by the modulus of elasticity E satisfies the following inequality: ax E <0.4 N / (mm 2 K) and 1 2 its softening temperature TR is at least equal at 8000 C;   1.3 the firewall has, in its surface layer, a prestressing pressure 6 at least equal to (a x E x 180 30) N / mm 2; In addition to the fire-resistant glass, the building element includes a window of the same thickness or a thinner glass of which the product E is at least 0.6 N / (mm K), and / or 1.5 the construction element comprises means for being realized, during the first 15 minutes after   the beginning of the fire test, a compensation of   between the inside of the element and its environment.   2 insulating glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that: 1 3 1 the fireproof glass has, in its surface layer, a preload S at least equal to (ccx E x 320 30) N / mm   Insulating glazing unit according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that   1 1 1 the fireproof glass consists of a glass whose   E 2 is equal to 0.2 N / (mm K) and has 1.2 1 a softening temperature of 815 c C, and 1.3 1 1 the pressure preload 6 created by thermal preload is at least 34 N / min. 4 insulating glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that 1.1 2 the fireproof glass is a transparent glass ceramic containing mixed quartz crystals e transparent and whose product ax E is at most equal to 0.09 N / (mm K) and   1.2 2 the softening temperature above 1000 ° C.   Insulating glazing according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:   1.5 1 the means for the compensation of the pressure are con-   valves are activated and come into action either when the temperature rises or when the pressure rises in the space containing air, between the insulating panes.   Insulating glazing unit according to one of Claims 4 and 5,   characterized in that the thermally prestressed fireproof windows   With a product ax E between 0.09 and 0.4 N / (mm'K), the valves are adjusted in such a way that they open under the effect of an internal pressure causing, in the glass , a stress at most agal at 20 N / mm   Insulating glazing according to one of claims 4 and 5,   characterized in that, the fire-resistant panes having a product a x E less than 0.09 N / (mm K), the valves are adjusted in such a way   that they are opened under the effect of a provo-   as for the glass, a stress not exceeding 40 N / mm   Insulating glazing according to any one of the claims   1 to 3, characterized in that: 1.4 2 in addition to a firewall it comprises one or more   windows having a place for breaking.   Insulating glazing according to any one of the claims   1 to 8, characterized in that these windows are glued   each other by means of a permanent-elastic adhesive satisfying DIN 4102.   Insulating glazing according to any one of the claims   1 to 9, characterized in that the spacer is constituted   material not melting below 700 ° C.   Insulating glazing according to claim 10, characterized   risé in that the spacer is reinforced at the corners.