FR2506370A1 - Roofing tile with thermal conduction device - has metal sheets attached to underside of tile and having projecting contacts to clip onto heat carrying pipe - Google Patents

Abstract

The concrete or ceramic roofing tile (10) has a thermal conduction device in the form of metal sheets (20a,20b) attached to its underside. Planar metal contacts (30a,30b) project from the underside of the sheets and are adapted to clip on a pipe (40) which extends up the roof and carries a heat carrier medium. The pipe is part of grid fixed to a roof structure for collecting heat absorbed by the tiles. The sheet-metal strips (30a,30b) may be of the same material as the thermal conduction sheets.

Description

 The invention relates to a roofing or roofing tile, this tile being in particular, but not exclusively, made of concrete or a ceramic material and being provided with a thermal conduction device on its underside.

 A known roofing tile of this type (described in the German utility model 75 25 656) has on its underside, a homogeneous layer or having a sufficiently fine grinding of a material of good thermal conductivity, preferably a metal, and which transmits the heat created by solar radiation, with low thermal resistance, to a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid is in this case, routed in a channel delimited by a material of good thermal conductivity. Thus, each roof tile has a channel section which, in the covered roof, must between closely connected to the channel section of the upstream tile and the downstream tile, which obviously involves a complex process, so that laying such roofing tiles is not an easy thing.

 German patent 2 i32 758 describes another process in which the tubes in which the heat transfer fluid circulates are fixed to the roof structure independently of the roof tiles. In this case, metal elements in the form of tiles are used to cover the roof, these elements comprising at least one longitudinal embossing to receive the tubes. The embossing is U-shaped and protrudes from the upper face of the shaped element. of tile by presenting at least over the greater part of its length, in its upstream zone, a curvature corresponding to the curvature of the tube which it receives, this embossing also comprising lateral parts inclined towards one another and s' applying elastically to the tube, which ensures a compression connection between the element and the tube. Ba embossing height is only slightly greater than the diameter of the tube, which does not create problems in this case, since, even if such elements are arranged so as to overlap or overlap, if one looks in the direction of the slope of the roof, there are only negligible variations in distance between the elements and the tubes because the elements have no thickness.

 However, such an arrangement cannot be transferred to roof tiles made of concrete or a ceramic material, because because of the greater thickness of these roof tiles, and the variation of the covering depending on the slope of the roof. roof, notable differences occur on the distance between, on the one hand, the covered areas and the overlapping areas of the roof tiles and on the other hand, the tubes placed on the roof structure.

 The invention relates to a roofing tile comprising a tile body and a thermal conduction device on the underside, when in use, of this tile body, a tile characterized in that the thermal conduction device comprises at least two thermally conductive contacts, on the whole planes detaching themselves from the tile body, and the arrangement of which is such that, when the tile is in use, these contacts come into engagement, to transmit heat to this tube, with the sides dtun tube in which a heat transfer fluid circulates, and which is fixed to the structure of the roof.

 The invention also relates to a tiled roof comprising a roof structure and a plurality of roof tiles attached to this roof structure, a cover in which at least one tube in which a heat transfer fluid circulates is fixed to the roof structure and in which at least one roof tile has a thermal conduction device on its underside, the thermal conduction device comprising two thermally conductive contacts, generally flat, detaching from the internal face of the tile and engaging with the sides of the tube through which the heat transfer fluid circulates to transfer heat to this tube.

 The contacts may consist of strips of flat metal foil between which the tube is clamped.

 The roof tiles according to the invention can be laid in the same way as conventional roof tiles. To make installation even easier, the lower corner area of these metal foil strips adjacent to the upstream part of the roofing tile can be folded outwards so that an insertion area in the form of funnel is created ensuring easy sliding of metal foil strips on the tube in which the heat transfer fluid circulates and a uniform spacing of these strips when laying the tiles.

 The thermal conduction device established in accordance with the invention does not require decisive modifications to conventional roof tiles, such as for example known concrete roof tiles. In particular the surface of the roof tile according to the invention. , cannot be distinguished from that of the corresponding conventional tiles, so that the transmission and use of heat from solar radiation and the atmosphere are possible without altering the aesthetic effect.

In addition, the roof tiles according to the invention can be placed together with conventional roof tiles without a thermal conduction device, for example when heat transmission is desired only from certain sections of the roof. , for example the part of the pitched roof receiving more heat depending on the position of the sun.

A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roof tile according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a view of the underside of the roof tile, according to FIG. 1,
- Figures 3 and 4 show in cross section two roof tiles according to Figure 1, with the heat conduction devices mounted differently.

FIG. 5 shows in longitudinal section a tiled roof with roofing tiles according to FIGS. 1 to 4 and a tube placed under this roof for the circulation of the heat transfer fluid,
- Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of a roof partially covered with roofing tiles according to Figures 1 to 4, with the arrangement and connection of the tubes for the circulation of the heat transfer fluid.

 As the basic roofing tile 10 in the exemplary embodiments described below, a concrete tile is used such as that described in the German patent NO 1 609 924. This tile, as can best be seen in FIG. 1, has a central curve il in the longitudinal direction as well as a hydraulic seal 12 in the area of its left longitudinal edge, and a covering seal 13 in the area of its right longitudinal edge, When laying such roofing tiles 10, the spouts 15 of these tiles placed below the tile on a bar 14, are hung on the slats 50 see Figure 5). The downstream area 16 of the roof tile provided with bars on the underside then covers the upstream area 17 of the roof tile following immediately downstream. The contiguous roof tiles are connected to each other by the joint 12 and the cover gasket 13.

 As can best be seen in FIG. 2, a thermal conduction device 20, with its thermal conduction bands 20a and 20b is placed outside the regions of the hydraulic seal and the cover seal 12, 13, as well as outside. of the attachment bar 14 and of the downstream zone 16 so that the presence of this thermal conduction device does not influence the laying of these roof tiles.

 The use of roofing tiles according to the invention, which have a central curve, is particularly practical in that the tube in which the heat transfer fluid circulates can extend below this central curve without interfering with the arrangement of the tiles. covering and without requiring notches on the slats. However, the invention is not limited to this specific embodiment. It can also Streak applied to other roof tiles, such as concrete tiles of various profiles, terracotta tiles, fiber cement slates, plastic roof tiles, etc.

 As can best be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, contacts in the form of strips of flat metal sheet 30a and 30b, detach from the respective thermally conductive sheets 20a, 20b or else 20a ', 20b' which constitute the device for thermal conduction, respectively 20 or 20 '.

These metal foil strips are used to transmit heat to the tube 40 containing the heat transfer fluid and are placed in the region of the central curve 11 of the covering tile 10, on the thermally conductive sheets, whereby a simple connection can be made between with the tube. The metal foil strips 30a and 30b s1 extend on two sides of the axis of the thermal conduction device 20 or 20 ', equidistant from this axis, and in principle over the entire length of the thermal conduction device, thanks as a uniform transmission of heat is ensured. As can be seen in Figures 1, 2 and 5, threshold side 31 of the metal foil strips in front of the downstream area 16 of the tile 10, is folded down from of the corresponding edge 21 of the thermally conductive sheet, thus pocketing a folding of the strip of metal sheet in this zone, when a cover tile is laid on the cover tile placed immediately below.

 The metal foil strips 30a and 30b can be made of the same material as the thermally conductive sheets 20a and 20b, or of another material having good thermal conductivity. Preferably, the metal foil strips are made of 0.4 to 0.6 mm thick copper sheets.

 FIG. 5 shows that the side 31 of the metal foil strips 30a and 30b facing the downstream area 16 of the roof tile 10 must be higher than the sides 32 facing the upstream area 17 of the tile to ensure a certain contact between the longitudinal edges 33 of the metal foil strips and the tube 40. Consequently, each metal foil 30a, 30b is in the shape of a trapezoid, the longest of the two parallel sides being adjacent to the downstream region of the roof tile. blanket.

 In FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the thermally conductive sheets 20a and 20b or else 20a ′ and 20b ′, have in the region of the central curve 11 of the covering tile 10, a curve of cross section in a quarter of a circle, and from the upper edge from which a strip of metal sheet 30a or 30b detaches downwards. The thermally conductive sheet and the metal sheet strip which runs along it are made in one piece, and can be produced in a simple manner by folding pieces of metal sheet. Since the thermally conductive sheets are in contact with the roof tile even in the central curve, a good thermally conductive bond is ensured between these two parts.

 As mentioned previously, the metal foil strips 30a and 30b provided in accordance with the invention serve to transmit heat from the corresponding thermally conductive sheets 20a, 20b or else 20a '20b', on a tube 40 containing the fluid. coolant. In practice, such tubes have a diameter of 6 to 12 mm. The metal foil strips are slid over the tube 40 like pliers. The arrangement should be such that the metal foil strips are in firm contact with the wall of the tube to ensure good heat transfer. For this purpose, the two metal foil strips 30a and 30b must extend to a large extent in parallel with only a slight spacing as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, for the small diameter of the tube. The distance between the two strips of metallic foil in the area of contact with thermally conductive foils, should not be more than 5 mm, and preferably less than this dimension so that good contact with the wall of the tube is ensured even with tubes of the smaller diameter normally available. The metal foil strips can be easily slid over tubes with a larger outside diameter, since the strips can be easily bent in the area where they join the corresponding thermally conductive sheet, as indicated by the line in dashes.

 Alternatively, according to a modification of the arrangement shown in Figures 3 and 4, the two strips of metal sheets 30a, 30b may be beech in contact with each other in the area where they join the thermally conductive sheets 20a and 20b or else 20a 'and 20b', their lower parts deviating from one another. In all cases, the lower zones of the metal foil strips 30a and 30b must be shaped so that they can spread elastically.

 As can be seen in FIGS. I and 2, it is also envisaged, to facilitate the sliding of the strips of metal foil 30a and 30b on the tube 40, to fold outwards the lower corner area 34 of each strip, adjacent to the upstream zone 17 of the roofing tile 10. This creates a kind of ease of assembly which allows easy insertion of the tube between the two strips of metal foil when laying the roofing tiles.

 As regards the fixing of the thermally conductive sheets on the underside of the roofing tiles in accordance with the invention, the sheets can be simply anchored directly in the tile; for example during the manufacture of concrete tiles if in the specific embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, the outer edges 21, 23, 27 of the thermally conductive sheets 20a, 20b are embedded in the concrete. For this purpose, recesses are provided in the mold or the formwork used for the manufacture of concrete tiles, below the outer edges of the thermally conductive sheets. After having placed the thermally conductive sheets in a mold thus modified, the fresh concrete poured into the mold and compacted, also pours into the recesses below the edges of the thermally conductive sheets, so that these edges are bordered by a strip of concrete 18 or coated in this strip.

After hardening and setting of the concrete, the thermally conductive sheets are firmly fixed permanently on the underside of the roofing tile 10.

 It can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 that the longitudinal edge of the thermally conductive sheets 20a and 20b remote from the strips of metal sheet 30a and 30b, comprises successive trapezoidal projections 22 and corresponding notches 24.

 In addition, it is envisaged to fix the thermally conductive sheets 20a and 20b to the cover tile 10, not only along their outer edges 21, 23 and 27, but also in the area of the face of the sheet. To this end, a number of round openings 25 are formed in the thermally conductive sheets, the edges 26 of these openings also being bordered by strips of concrete 19 by means of corresponding recesses in the mold, thus ensuring total fixing and , with regard to heat transfer, a favorable fixing of the thermally conductive sheets on the underside of the roofing tile.

 Figure 4 shows another possibility of fixing the thermally conductive strips 20a 'and 20b' on the roofing tile 10. In this case, anchoring sections 28, partially stamped and folded up, are formed in the sheets thermally conductive, these sections being covered by the filling concrete after the sheets have been placed in a normal mold, and being permanently coated in this concrete, after setting it.

 The two possibilities set out by way of example for fixing the thermally conductive sheets to the roofing tile, do not require modifications or only an insignificant modification of the molds for manufacturing concrete roofing tiles, so that the roofing tiles provided in accordance with the invention with a thermal conduction device, can be manufactured on conventional tile manufacturing facilities.

 Figure 5 shows in vertical section the fixing of the roof tiles 10 on a roof structure. For this purpose, slats 50 are fixed by means of counter-laths 51 on rafters 52. The tubes 40 for the heat transfer fluid which extend in the direction of the slope of the roof, are fixed at intervals on the slats by necklaces.

The roof tiles are hung on the slats 50 in the usual way with their beak 15 placed on the hanging bars 14. The underside of the downstream zone 16 of the roof tile rests on the upper face of the upstream zone 17 of the tile located immediately below and ensures at this location, a seal against the penetration of water, snow and dust. The strips of trapezoidal metal sheet 30a and 30b or else 30a 'and 30b "protrude downwards from the thermally conductive sheets 20a and 20b or else 20a' and 20b ', placed on the internal face of the roofing tile 10 and come into contact with the tube 40 on both sides, a little above their longitudinal edges 33.

 Figure 6 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the tubes 40 on the roof structure of a tiled roof. In this case, eight tubes 40 at a time are arranged parallel to each other in the direction of the roof slope, constituting a grid of tubes 41, and are connected by corresponding transverse tubes 42 extending parallel to the drip or waxing . The transverse tubes 42 are for their part connected to the supply tube 43 on the drip tray and has return tubes 44 for the heat transfer fluid on the ridge. The width and the length of the individual grids of tubes 41 are variable, and can be chosen according to energy requirements and local conditions. In the upper left area of the representation according to FIG. 6, the covering with tiles 10 conforming to the invention is indicated. As has been explained with reference to FIG. 5, the roof can be covered with the roofing tiles according to the invention, in the usual manner. Assuming that the distance between the adjacent tubes 40 is adjusted to the distance between the strips of metal foil 30a, 30b of adjacent roof tiles 10, the relevant tube 40 is clamped between the strips of metal foil when laying the tiles covering, whereby heat transfer to the tube containing the heat transfer fluid is ensured.

 An advantage of the roof tiles described above is that they provide good heat transfer to the heat transfer fluid without appreciably affecting the ease of installation and these are tiles whose surface cannot be distinguished from that of the roof tiles. classics.

 Another advantage is that the tubes in which the heat transfer fluid circulates are independent of the roof tiles. In this case, the tubes fixed to the structure of the roof and extending in the direction of the slope of this roof, are arranged parallel to one another, in such a way that when covering the roof with roofing tiles in accordance with the invention, the metal foil strips detaching from the thermal conduction devices can be slid over the tubes.

Claims (14)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S  1.- Roofing tile comprising a tile body and a thermal conduction device on the lower face, when it is in use, of this tile body, tile characterized in that the thermal conduction device comprises at least two thermally conductive contacts, generally plaro detaching from the tile body, and the arrangement of which is such that, when the tile is in use, these contacts engage, to transmit heat to this tube, with the sides of a tube in which a heat transfer fluid circulates, and which is fixed to the structure of the roof.  2.- roof tile, in particular concrete or ceramic material, according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermally conductive contacts comprise in the set of flat metal foil strips facing each other and projecting downwards at from the tile body, intended to come into contact, in order to transmit heat, with the sides of the tube in which the heat transfer fluid circulates.  3.- roof tile according to claim 2, characterized in that the contacts extend on both sides of an axis of the thermally conductive device and at an equal distance from this ase.  4.- roof tile according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the contacts extend basically over the entire length of the thermal conduction device.  5.- roof tile according to claim 4, characterized in that the ends of the contacts facing the downstream region of the roof tile are folded down from the corresponding edge of the thermal conduction device.  6.- roof tile according to claim 5, characterized in that the contacts are trapezoidal and that the longer of the two parallel sides is adjacent to the downstream area of the roof tile.  7.- roof tile according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least the lower parts of the contacts can be spaced apart elastically in order to slide them on the tube containing the heat transfer fluid.  8.- roof tile according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a lower corner area of each contact adjacent to the upstream area of the roof tile is folded outward.  9.- roof tile according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the thermal conduction device consists of thermally conductive sheets from which the contacts project at an angle.  10.- roof tile according to claim 9 characterized in that the thermally conductive sheets comprise along a longitudinal side a curve, transverse sections in quarter of a circle, from an edge of which protrude the contacts.  11.- roof tile according to any one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that to fix the thermally conductive sheets on the underside of the roof tile, the edges of these thermally conductive sheets are coated in the material of the roof tile.  12.- roof tile according to any one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that to fix the thermally conductive sheets on the underside of the roof tile, they are partially stamped and anchoring sections folded towards the top are embedded in the roofing tile material.  13.- Tile covering comprising a roof structure and a plurality of covering tiles attached to the roof structure, covering characterized in that at least one tube in which a heat transfer fluid circulates is fixed to the roof structure while at least one roofing tile has a thermal conduction device on its underside, this thermal conduction device comprising two thermally conductive contacts, in the plan as a whole detaching from the underside of the tile and coming into engagement, to transfer heat to this tube, with the sides of the tube in which the heat transfer fluid circulates.  14.- Tile roofing according to claim 13, characterized in that the tube in which the heat transfer fluid circulates is directed generally towards the top of the roof.