FR2505025A1 - LIGHTING APPARATUS SAVING ENERGY AND MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO AN ENERGY AND MATERIAL SAVING LIGHTING APPARATUS, WHICH INCLUDES A LAMP AND LIGHT CONDUCTING CONCAVED MIRRORS. THE BODY IS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT IT IS PROVIDED FOR ON ONE SIDE OF THE LAMP 1 TWO CONCAVED MIRRORS 2, 3 PLACES ONE SIDE OF THE OTHER, PREFERRED BY CONCAVED MIRRORS WITH A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION SHAPED ELLIPSOIDE, AND THE AXES OF WHICH ARE PARALLEL TO THE AXIS OF THE LAMP ARC, IN THAT THE ARC OF THE LAMP IS PLACED OUTSIDE THE FIREPLACES OF THE HOLLOW MIRRORS AND IN THAT THE TWO VIRTUAL ARCS 8, 9 SHAPED BY THE TWO CONCAVED MIRRORS ARE LOCATED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE LAMP ARC, PREFERREDLY AT THE SAME DISTANCE AND BEING PLACED IN THE SAME PLAN AS THIS REAL ARC. A THIRD MIRROR 4 OR A DIFFUSING BELL ENSURE OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT INTENSITY. APPLICATION TO THE FIELD OF LIGHTING ROOMS AND ROOMS.

Description

The present invention relates to a lighting apparatus which saves

  energy and material, which comprises a gas-filled or vapor-filled discharge lamp, preferably a short-arc metal halide lamp and concave light-guiding mirrors, so that two concave mirrors are placed

  next to each other and that their surfaces of

  in the form of an ellipsoid produce at each of the two ends of the real lamp arc a virtual arc of a lamp. On the other side of the lamp, a third concave mirror is provided opposite the two concave mirrors. much larger so that in the room to be illuminated, instead of a luminous arc, three luminous arcs placed next to each other, which allows in this case to distribute the illumination of three sources

  and therefore provides a much more uniform illumination

  only in the known solutions The two small mirrors mask the lamp with respect to the outside so that it is not dazzling In rooms whose height is less than six meters, the two concave mirrors are turned towards the volume to be illuminated and the lamp is covered by a bell of

light distribution.

  Uniformity of illumination can be increased

  considerably by meeting two

  lighting of this kind and further this solution allows

  yet to obtain other unexpected results,

  see that, in the case where two lamps of this kind are very close to one another, it is possible

  makes the new arrangement of the ha-

  to remove a capacitor and an inductive

  the periods of darkness occurring between the periods of brilliance of the two

  lamps are shorter, ie the modula-

  light is weaker than usual and -2-

  that the consumption of electric current is equal

lower.

  High-pressure gas discharge lamps

  metal halide lamps have already been in use for more than four decades The new short-arc metal halide lamps containing several adducts are also well known and, because of their long service life, their color temperature ideal (and previously adjustable), and their very good performance, they are increasingly used However, because of their great dazzling effect, which results from the intensity

  light produced by a practical light source

  however, they are not used

  to illuminate interior parts For this

  reason, they must be placed in lightning

  provided with covering and guiding elements

  In a known solution, the light output angle of the lamp body is less than 90, the effect

  of masking inside the light beam is re-

  strongly and is provided on the surface of

  lamp bell of the homogenous bulges

  The bulges are concentrated in

  a certain point in the piece of small light beams

  the glare effect is even stronger and for this reason, such lighting devices are not suitable for lighting purposes.

  Such a disadvantage does not exist in the

  like concave mirrors that have been de-

  Hungarian Patent No. 173,640 and the German Federal Patent 19,191,199.

  patent, a large mirror of elliptical curvature is provided.

  and in the other patent there is provided a large at least partially parabolic concave mirror and a smaller elliptical concave mirror which are arranged so that the focal points of the two mirrors coincide with each other. are located in the metal halogen lamp or on its arc The small mirror masks the lamp arc with respect to the outside so that no glare effect occurs The large concave mirror emits a beam of uniform intensity but nevertheless with a very low angle of projection

  this reason, such lighting fixtures are

  exclusively used as reflectors for vehicles

  However, in such an arrangement, it is very disadvantageous, but it can not be used to illuminate interior volumes.

  because the fireplaces are located in the lamp -

  that the light reflected by the mirrors and a part of the heat radiation are concentrated in the lamp, which can cause a thermal overload of the lamp, that is to say a shortening of its

service life.

  When supplying AC power to short arc metal halide lamps, the

  very strong modulation of light has an unpleasant effect

  because the light produced by the arc of the lamp

  Periodically dyes twice during the cycle The periods of complete darkness can be suppressed with a three-phase power system, but the modulation of light is also

  still very important so that we can not practice

  not provide satisfactory illumination with AC metal halide lamps, especially single-phase current To eliminate or mitigate this unpleasant disadvantage,

  proposed in Hungarian Patent No. 173,720 a solu-

  which involves, for each lamp, in addition to the conventional ignition lamp, inductance and

  of the capacitor, two controlled contactors, a

  voltage and current divider, an oscillating circuit

  an RC circuit and other elements that require

  for their calibration and tuning, they are extremely skilled in the field of electronics and

  instrumentation For this reason, such

  can only be used in cinematographic studios.

  tographic, television studios or in

  portable devices, for example for

  but they are not generally used for

current lighting.

  It is therefore necessary to find a solution that also makes it possible to use the advantages of metal halide and arc lamps

  short as regards the illumination of

  lamps, that is to say lamps for which

  the same lighting system disperses the

  luminous flux in a large area, is not dazzling

  issant, has a low degree of light modulation and consumes little electrical power while being

  simple equipment and containing few elements.

  This problem is solved in accordance with the present invention with a lighting apparatus which comprises, in combination with a short arc metal halide lamp, three concave mirrors or two concave mirrors and a light distribution bell; In order to improve the spreading of the light, two such luminaires are placed next to one another. It is then possible to use a control circuit of a new and advantageous type which allows the operation of the light. to save, for each pair of lamps, a capacitor and a choke and furthermore to reduce in a significant proportion the modulation of light and

  the consumption of electric current.

  The invention relates to a lighting apparatus -5- saving energy and material, which comprises

  a lamp, preferably a metal halide lamp

  short-arc lamp and at least two concave light-guiding mirrors, this apparatus being characterized in that on one side of the lamp two half

  concave lines placed side by side, pre-

  concave mirrors having an ellipsoid-shaped surface of revolution, in that their axes are parallel to the axis of the arc of the lamp, in that in addition the arc of the lamp is placed on the outside focal points concave mirrors and in that the two virtual arcs formed by the two concave mirrors are placed on either side of the actual arc lamp, preferably at the same distance and being located in the same plane as the latter Concaves mirrors mentioned above, there is a third much larger concave mirror or a bell with

  a light scattering material or surface.

  Other advantages and features of the invention will be highlighted later in the

  description, given by way of non-limiting example,

  with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the agency

  of the lamp and the two concave mirrors, fig 2 is a diagram showing the real arc

  of the lamp and the two virtual arcs, this figure

  Furthermore, the light intensities are schematically

resultant

  Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an agency

three concave mirrors,

  Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an agency

  two concave mirrors and the bell

  5 shows the arrangement of the lighting apparatus of FIG. 4 in the room in relation to the main dimensions of the room and the shape of the lamp bell, FIG. two

  concave mirrors placed on a side of the lamp, an

  covering mirror, used to adjust the minimum illumination and small bulges to adjust the glare,

  FIG. 7 schematically represents the arrangement

  Figure 6 where it intervenes, however, at the

  small bulges, narrow streaks

curvées,

  FIG. 8 schematically represents the

  two mirrors of two

nis,

  FIG. 9 represents the feed circuit

  10 shows the circuit designed to feed two combined lighting apparatuses, FIG. 11 is a diagram of the light pulses occurring with the one-lamp circuit.

  of fig 9 during a period of the tension of

Power supply,

  FIG. 12 represents the impulses of

  with the circuit of Fig. 10 during a period of the supply voltage,

  FIG. 13 is a diagram of the circuit of

two lamps,

  Fig. 14 is a schematic block diagram of the

  Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the light pulses occurring alternately in the control circuit of two lamps of Fig. 13;

  13 during a period of the supply voltage.

  FIG. 1 shows a side view of

  And in schematic section, the essential elements of the lighting apparatus according to the invention; he

  is provided on one side of the metal halide lamp

  that 1 arc short two concave mirrors 2, 3 to elliptical shaped surface of revolution which are turned towards the volume to be illuminated and which are arranged one to

  side of the other so that their contact edge

  34 or one of their axes should be oriented

  parallel to the axis of the lamp 1 and that the edge 35 is closest to the lamp 1 Because the lamp 1 is placed outside the homes of the two concave mirrors 2, 3 above, these mirrors each form a virtual lamp arc image 8, 9 so that there are in fact three electric arcs 43, 44, 45 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2 and the resulting light intensity which occurs in the volume to be illuminated comprises intensity 46 of the arc 43 and the intensities

  47, 48 of the virtual arcs 44, 45 corresponding to the vir-

8, 9.

  The resulting light distribution 10 is much wider than the original light distribution 46 so that instead of the lamp 1 being

  light source in the form of a narrow line, it

  In reality, it is a light source of large width in the form of a "tile". This, however, is not suitable, because of its great luminous intensity, for illuminating interior volumes. For this reason, the two concave mirrors 3 are arranged, in accordance with FIG. 3, below the lamp 1 and there is provided on the other side of the lamp 1 a large concave mirror 4, preferably also having a surface of revolution in the form of ellipsoid and one end 36 of which surrounds the lamp 1 while the curved zone at this end 36 is placed after the outer edge 37 of the small concave mirror, so that the light reflected by the large mirror 4 illuminates very evenly a volume well more

  great than in the known solutions.

  Instead of the concave mirror 3 with an ellipsoid-shaped surface of revolution, it would also be possible to use a hollow mirror having a cylindrical surface, that is to say a mirror produced by displacement of a generator remaining horizontal and pressing a

  curve, which presents with respect to the spread of

  The great advantage that can be realized also from reflective strips, for example by engaging them one after the other in two guide grooves of support This further solution has other advantages, namely that when the curvature of the support guide ribs can be changed, it is possible to adjust

  in the most favorable way on the spot, during the

  floor of the luminaire, spreading the luminous flux. If necessary, it is possible to adjust the

  degree of masking towards the outside by

  formally to the solution schematized in fig 6 -

  below the lamp 1 and in the zone adjacent to the edge 35 of mutual contact of the two concave mirrors

  2, 3, a recess 33, 34 in the reflective surface

  and forming on the outer surface of the transparent carrier substance 6, 7 of the two concave mirrors 2, 3 small bulges 8 in contact with each other and which produce, in the manner of small lenses, a direct dispersion of the radiation of the

  lamp 1 by preventing the glare effect

  Tiny 8 bulges in contact with each other can

  be made in a simple way by forming, by

  tersection of crossed curved grooves, small

  pyramids delimited by curved edges and

  -9- both curved faces, for example by performing in the structure forming the body of the mirror, using a semicircular profile mill, grooves

  placed side by side and digging horizontally

  the above-mentioned grooves until the depth

appropriate.

  In place of the bulges 8 oriented paral-

  at the edge 35 in accordance with the diagram of FIG. 7, it is possible to form also narrow and curved striations 11, 12, taking into account the transparency and the refractive index of the material

transparent 6, 7.

  The two narrow recesses 33, 34 are also

  useful because the volume illuminated by the

  three-mirror arrangement shown in FIG.

  is enlarged with the area remaining unenlightened

  than now because of the masking effect of both

small concave mirrors 2, 3.

  The lighting body with three concave mirrors

  schematically shown in FIG. 3 can be used

  very advantageously when installed at a

  height of more than 5 meters However, in

  ticks, restaurants, schools, workshops, for

  lighting of other public places and small

  In this case, it is advantageous to adopt an arrangement in which the concave mirrors 2, 3 of FIG. 1 are turned towards the volume. to illuminate and the lamp 1 of Fig 4 is covered on the other side by a bell 38 material or provided with a surface

  dispersing light and whose main dimensions

  blades or the radius of curvature are adapted to the dimensions

  respective principal portions of the volume to be illuminated, which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5, that is to say in relation to its width 40, its length 41 and its height 42, for example as follows: base area of the volume to be illuminated is

  square or approximately square, that is to say when

  that the width 40 is equal or approximately equal

  at length 41 and when height 42 is less than

  greater than half the width 40, the bell 38 then has the shape of a hemisphere; when the base area of the volume to be illuminated is square or approximately square, but when the

  However, the height is less than half of the

  40, the bell 38 has a shape of spherical cap all the flattened that the height 42 is smaller than half the width 40; when the volume to be illuminated is rectangular, the bell 38 has a shape of ellipsoid of revolution in which the relationships between the main axes are adapted

  to the main dimensions of the volume to be illuminated.

  In these examples, the lamp is placed at

middle of the ceiling.

  In such an arrangement, it is advantageous to make the light distribution bell 38 in

according to Lambert's law.

  When compliant lighting fixtures

  to the invention are arranged parallel and direct-

  the two devices are touching each other by the outer edges 37 of the concave mirrors 2, 3 as shown in FIG.

  8 -, the illuminated volume is defined by a simple addi-

light intensities.

  With this variant, it is possible to use

  to be a new and totally unknown device

in the following way.

  As is generally known

  for gas discharge lamps, halogen lamps

  -11- Metal short arc cannula can not work

  with a current limiting device

  ac supply by a standard process

  is shown in Fig 9 which shows that the lamp 1, connected in parallel with the lamp

  13, is connected in series with the ignition coil

  ductance 15 and is fueled by the sector, the

  reactive capacitance of capacitor 14 connected in parallel

  compensating the reactive power of the inductor 15.

  FIG. 11 shows the stationary operating conditions of the lamp 1, the arc current I

  established at times 16, 18 of the sinus voltage

  soldier and disappearing at times 17, 19, that is,

  say that lamp 1 illuminates only during the time interval corresponding to periods 16-17, 18-19,

  and therefore the modulation of light by ex-

  tinction is very strong However when installing, as indicated above, two lighting devices next to each other, for example as shown in Fig 8, and when connected to the next sector

  the diagram in fig 10, that is to say when the conden-

  14 is connected in series with one of the lamps 55, when the inductor is connected in series with the lamp 56, when these two branches are connected in parallel with the

  the mains terminals and when the ignition

  ply of rare gas 51, 52 is connected in a conventional manner

  on lamps 55, 56, the operating conditions

  lamps 55, 56 are then perfectly

  different, as shown in the diagram in fig 12.

  Thus the arc of the lamp 55 lights up at times 20, 24 of the supply voltage U and it turns off at times 22, 26 The arc of the lamp 56 on the other hand lights at times 21, 25 the supply voltage U and it goes off at times 23, 27; regardless of whether the momentary voltage of -12-

  capacitor load 14 has reached the voltage of allu-

  mage of the arc, that is to say the value of the supply voltage U existing at times 20, 24 on

  12, the charge of the capacitor 14 provides,

  in the discharge phase, the energy that is still sufficient to maintain the arc, so that this arc goes out; this corresponds to the values of the supply voltage U existing at times 22, 26 in FIG. 12 because the inductive current is shifted

  compared to the capacitive current of 90, the energy

  The genetics of the inductor 15 also ensures that the lamp 56 is ignited after the lamp 55 has been switched on, which is shown diagrammatically in the figure at the instants 21, 25 of the operating voltage and then there is an extinction of the arcs of lamps at times 23, 27

  Thus periods of darkness are limited to

  The time interval 23 24 which with correctly selected elements is much shorter than the time interval 17 18 shown schematically for a single-lamp structure in FIG. 11 In this case, the modulation of light in view of the persistence

  retinal value is reduced to a practical value

eligible.

  The operating conditions can be further improved, ie the degree of

  modulation of light can be further reduced,

  connected, in accordance with FIG. 13, a regulator 28 in series with the capacitance of the circuit

  two lamps, that is to say with the capacitor 14.

  The diagram of this regulator 28 has been

  Figure 14 Upstream of this body

  28, there is provided a voltage sensor 29 which is directly connected to the mains voltage while a downstream current sensor and a control element 32 which are connected are provided.

  in series, the opening angle of this element of com-

  This control signal is provided by an additional multiplier circuit 31 which receives the output signals of the voltage sensor 29 and the capacitor.

  intensity meter 30, the input terminals of the multiplier

  additional controller 31 being connected to the output terminals

  The additional multiplier 31 which operates by comparison with a reference signal establishes the maximum allowable phase shift, i.e., the corresponding control signal of the switchable control element 32. This solution makes it possible to reduce, together with the reactive power consumption, also the degree of modulation of light, which

  perfectly in the diagram of Fig. 15, compared with

  d with the diagram of FIG. 12 and which shows that it is essential that the arc of the lamp 56 of the circuit containing the inductor is only lit when the arc of the lamp 55 of the circuit containing the capacitance is

  the arches of the two lamps can not be

  never be lit simultaneously, which means

  would be proud of a modulation of light such as that

  to exist possibly in the condition of irreversible

  regularity of luminous flux which has been highlighted

  in Fig. 12, when the values of capacity and

  ductance are not chosen correctly.

  This modulation of light reduced to a minimum

  is then most effective when the flow of

  light produced by the lamps 55, 56 operating in cooperation with the large concave mirror 4 is directed towards the same surface or when both lamps and 56 are housed in the bell 38, or when the two bells are placed one to next to each other,

  one containing the lamp 55 and the other the lamp 56.

-14-

Claims (7)

CLAIMS -   1 Lighting device saving energy   energy and matter, including a lamp, of   a short-arc metal halide lamp and at least two concave light-guiding mirrors, characterized in that it is provided with a   side of the lamp (1) two concave mirrors (2, 3) placed   next to each other, preferably concave mirrors having an ellipsoid-shaped surface of revolution, and whose axes are parallel to the axis of the lamp arc (1), in that 'besides the arc of the   lamp (1) is placed outside the homes of the   concave lines (2, 3) and that the two circular arcs   tiles (8, 9) formed by the two concave mirrors (2, 3) are located on both sides of the actual lamp arc (1), preferably at the same distance and being   placed in the same plane as this one.   2 Lighting apparatus according to the claim   1, characterized in that it is provided opposite the two concave mirrors (2, 3), advantageously provided with ellipsoid-shaped surfaces of revolution, a larger concave mirror (4) placed on the other side of the lamp (1).   3 Lighting apparatus according to the claim   2, characterized in that it is provided opposite the two concave mirrors (2, 3), on the other side of the   lamp (1), a bell (38) passing through and light.   4 Lighting apparatus according to the claim   3, characterized in that the radii of curvature of the light scattering bell (38) are adapted to the ratios of the dimensions of the three main axes   (40, 41, 42) of the volume to be illuminated (39).   Lighting apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the support material (6, 7)   two small concave mirrors (2, 3) are transparent   in that the reflective surface of the lamp (1) is divided into parallel oriented strips and that small mutually contacting bulges (8) are formed in this area on the surface of the lamp (1). the support material (6, 7).   6 Lighting apparatus according to the claim   5, characterized in that, instead of the small bulges (8) in mutual contact, there are provided curved striations (11, 12).   7 Lighting apparatus according to any one   conque of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that   two luminaires are arranged one on top of the other and that, instead of   of an AC power supply, a condensate   and an inductor for each of the two lamps (55,56), only one capacitor and one inductor are used so that the lamp (55) of one of the luminaires is connected in series only with the capacitor (14). ) while the other lamp (56)   is connected in series only with the inductive   tance (15) and powered by the mains.   8 Lighting apparatus according to the claim   7, characterized in that in one of the   lamp elements, the reactive element, advantageously the series capacitor (14), is connected in series with a   adjusting member (28) having a strain sensor   a current sensor (30) and a switchable control element (32) so that the terminal   the switching element of the control element (32) is   related to the signal output of an additional multiplier circuit (31) and that the input terminals of the additional multiplier circuit (31) are connected to the output terminals of the intensity sensor (30) and the voltage sensor (29).