FR2501331A1 - Composite multi-layer thermal insulation - has two or more reflective layers separated by infill layers with optical thermal function - Google Patents

Abstract

The composite multi-layer thermal-insulation incorporates two or more reflective layers separated by an infill layer with an optical and a thermal insulating function. The infill may comprise a thick fibrous layer and may be sandwiched by two mirror films, one facing a fabric layer being an hydrophile with anti-glare and anti-electrostatic properties. One reflective layer may comprise a strengthened and reinforced metal lined film covered with starch-stiffened plastics. The construction may use two infill layers separated by a reflective core layer and with further reflective layers to the internal and external faces. The fixing of the various layers may establish vertical cavities.

Description

THERMAL INSULATION COMPLEX
The present invention relates to thermal insulation materials making it possible to reduce the transfer of calories, particularly heat loss by radiation,
The energy crisis and its growing cost requires the use of thermal insulation materials adapted to the different types of insulation to be obtained, therefore to the different types of buildings or existing technical achievements. We know of fibrous or alveolar insulators which stop the heat transmitted by conduction or convection; these insulators impose a significant thickness of 70 to 200 and even 400 millimeters The use of these fibrous or cellular insulators therefore leads the user to provide for a complete repair of the building.

 The use of these insulators from the inside means that the interior of the building must be completely rebuilt, thus reducing the living area.

 We also know the results obtained by installing a reflective film in the double walls. Tests have been carried out to replace fibrous or cellular insulating materials by interposing a re-lichening film in the double walls or under the roof. The results were partly disappointing>, the convection exchanges were not blocked and the film losing part of its performance over time.

 Complexes have also been produced, consisting of generally black or dark cellular foam in sheet thickness, the two surfaces of which were coated with metallized sheets fixed by bonding. The results were disappointing because there was an exchange of conduction through the foam itself absorbing thermal radiation.

 We also affixed a plastic film behind wall hangings. Spots appeared at the leaf-joints and condensation appeared in some places. Stains appeared where the fabric was not in intimate, close contact with the fleece.

 Double glazing provides thermal insulation by the stationary air gap, triple glazing has been used for a long time. We coFnzit, also for a long time the thermos bottle.

 Common sense knows that two-sweater51 * gers keep warmer than a large sweater. Men have always noticed an improvement in their comfort by hanging tapestries on the walls of their homes and women have kept their warmth by preferring a fur coat to a woolen coat.

 However, no material hitherto combines the various advantages of these techniques known per se and does not eliminate the inherent defects.

 The insulating complex according to the invention makes it possible to avoid these defects and drawbacks by combining their advantages, by adding other particularly interesting performances and whose results exceed what was foreseeable by the study of the current technique la.

 The insulating complex which is the subject of the present invention in fact combines the various existing materials by combining their advantages, eliminating the disadvantages and providing results superior to those obtained by the addition of each of the materials.

 The insulating complex that is the subject of the present invention combines - the insulating performance of one or two stationary air knives - the insulating performance of the opposite mirror surfaces facing the thermos bottle - the apparent comfort # of a stretched tapestry plus that of the fur coat plus that of two light pulltoven.

- while eliminating the drawbacks of dust spots encountered on fabrics stretched in front of a fleece, moisture spots which appear on a damp wall - the insulating complex object of the present invention also makes it possible to remove the unpleasant impression of cold walls.

 For equal comfort, the insulating complex which is the subject of the present invention increases the wall temperature, makes it possible to decrease the air temperature and to bring about appreciable fuel savings with equal comfort.

The insulating complex object of the invention is composed starting from the cold wall and moving towards the hot room of the assembly according to a reflective film A - a fleece B1 - a second reflective film C ,, - a second fleece B2 - a third reflective film D - a textile of aspect E
Each of these materials having the characteristics described below and which are the subject in detail or as a whole of the present invention.

 A simplified variant of this insulating complex which is the subject of the present invention may comprise only two reflective films enclosing a fleece with or without a textile with a facade appearance.

 The accompanying drawing shows a section of the insulating complex and allows a better understanding of its constitution, operation, advantages.

 We will now resume in detail the composition, performance, characteristics of each of the components.

The reflective film A:
This film must Other Sufficiently solid and rigid and not extensible to allow easy installation without tearing or deteriorating over time, it must between rigid enough to keep separate from the wall with as little contact as possible here, in fact, each point of contact with the wall corresponds to a thermal short circuit. A rigid film will only be in contact with the peaks of the wall surface, which considerably reduces conduction losses. #Moreover, the presence of a tiny air layer allows the film to maintain its insulation performance by reflection.

 This film being metallized will emit much less radiation than a black or dark or matt film. The metallization of this film makes it possible to improve the insulating performance of the assembly thanks to its rigidity which avoids total contact with the surface of the wall.

This metallized film must be impermeable to moisture chemically and physically inert to maintain its insulating performance over time and above all not to lose the quality of its reflectivity, this film must be able to be bonded,
This film A, object of the present invention will therefore be composed and manufactured in the following manner
On a flexible film of transparent plastic material A5 for example a film of POLYESTER, POLYETSYLENE, POLYSTYRENE, POLYCARBONATE, PVC or any other flexible material and t:: # anspparent we will apply a reflective A4 deposit, this reflective despite can be obtained by vacuum metallization by physical, mechanical, chemical treatment or more simply by the establishment of a ~ metal sheet.

 The reflective deposit is then protected mechanically and chemically by a transparent plastic sheet A3.

 This complex is reinforced by an A2 grid, this grid may be made of glass fiber, POLYESTER fiber, POLYAMIDE fiber or any other material suitable for other made of flexible and resistant fine fiber.

 The fibers of POLYESTER or POLYAMIDE have been shown to be economical and effective. We will use a grid with a mesh size of ffi to 20 mm, preferably 8 to 12 mm.

 These fibers will be coated with a coating which reduces the adhesion of plastic films to their surfaces, for example, a POLYVINILE acetate. This coating improves the tear resistance of the film because it makes it possible to obtain what people in the art call the BLOCXINO effect.

 Any other coating may be suitable and is part of the present invention (coating with glue, paste, adret and other product).

 This object insulating complex. of the present invention ends with a thickness A1 of a plastic material easily adhering to the preceding surfaces;, for example, a film of POLYETHYLENE obtained by extrusion through a straight and avine die or any other material which may otherwise quickly deposited economically and exhibiting good adhesion.

 Preferably, products will be used to fix the elements to each other without gluing. It is indeed essential to maintain the perfect optical transparency of each of the materials used by using opaque materials with low temperature infrared radiation to conserve the greenhouse effects.

A preferred solution will therefore consist in using a film of POLYES
TER metallized under vacuum with a thickness of 12 microns, on the metalization, a thickness of POLYETHYLENE of 10 to 100 g / m2, preferably 30 to 40, will be deposited; on this layer of POLYETHYLENE, a grid of POLYESTER coated with ACETATE and POLYVINILE will be displayed, this grid being fixed to the previous layer by a new thickness of POLYETHYLENE from 10 to 120 g / m2 preferably from 30 to 100 g.

 The film A thus obtained will be sufficiently rigid to have contact with the wall only through the peaks of the surface of the wall.

 The POLYETHYLENE side surface can be plaited by the CORONA effect for Stre made stickable.

 Likewise, thanks to this relative rigidity, the assembly will have resistance and will thus be able to compensate for the differences in alignment of the walls or even better hide the holes or crevices of an old wall.

The relative rigidity of the rear film is essential to cause complete adhesion of the different fleeces which will be discussed below, on top of each other to avoid air pockets locating dust or dark areas. The non-stretchable textile reinforcement and the rigidity of this material eliminate the dark areas or hollows behind which the gloss could appear or which would cause differences in appearance of the final hanging, difference in appearance due to differences in reflections on the fabrics the back of which is in contact with an opaque surface or stretched over an empty hollow
In the complex object of the present invention, the reinforced film will have its POLYESTER face directed towards the fleece; indeed the POLY-
ESTER is of the same hardness as the fleece used and thus does not risk being scratched, it will not lose its insulating properties.

 The complex object of the present invention then comprises a B2 fleece. In the context of the present invention, it is of course possible to use any commercial fleece, but it has been observed that the best insulating performance was obtained by a fleece having the following characteristics: the fleece is first of all a physical spacer intended to keep two films separate so as to create a motionless air space, This fleece will therefore have mechanical strength such that the two films remain well separated. A fleece obtained from POLYESTER fibers with a weight of 100 g / m2 seems to be an optimum. The thickness of this fleece has been found to be between 6 and 5 mm and preferably 8 mm. The use of so-called soft fleece with a thickness of 15 to 40 m has proved advantageous.

This fleece can be made of 6 denier fibers, i.e. 6 to 7 decitex
The self-weldable fleeces by thermofusion ensure a neck *, total greenness of all the auto-crossings of fibers, which avoids the presence of glue which reduces transparency.

This fleece will have a compressive strength of the order of 9 to 10 kg per m2 under a load of 1 kg. Higher resistance is
preferable.

 The fibers making up this fleece will be used to follow the so-called FIBER PIlLbien technique known to those skilled in the art, the fibers will be of a single diameter, regular, of equivalent length.

 Quality 64 from DUPONT DE NEMOURS is particularly effective and will be in the current state of the art preferred over other less efficient materials.

However, it was found that with the DACRON DUPONT DE NEMOURS
From 13 deniers only, we got. particularly interesting performances, especially using hollow fibers.

 Fleeces made by gluing other fibers (acrylic, PVC POLYAMIDE etc) can be part of the present invention for the particular advantages that they can obtain in certain cases, for example, fire resistance but these different fibers require for their fixing on top of each other, the presence of glue. The gluing system increases the amount of material, decreases the optical transparency, which is why we prefer the fleece obtained by welding, by internal .thermo-fusion # without adding glue.

To improve the insulating performance, a fleece with the minimum possible mass will be used, for example from 30 to 150 g per square meter, preferably from 60 to 100 g per for a thickness of 15 to # 20 mm. The fleece also has the role of an optical spacer, so it must have a distribution of 20 mm. The fleece also has a role of fiber spacer such that this film lets in the maximum of light. Primary POLYESTER has been found to be the material with the best results. Manufacturing will be closely monitored so that the fiber skin is perfectly smooth and shiny, polished and uneven. # Superior results have been obtained in the case of the present invention by the use of fibers
DUPENT DE NEMOURS which offer the particularity of being hollow. A hydrophobic material is thus obtained having the minimum mass, maximum transparency, excellent elasticity in compression, having no tendency to lie down or lose its mechanical or physical properties over time. The thickness of from 30 to 40 mm is preferable for
The fibers will be crimped as people in the art know how to do.

POLYESTERS offer superior thermal insulation qualities but are combustible. It can therefore be replaced by PVC or CHLOROFIBRE fibers deemed non-combustible or by any other material allowing a fleece to be obtained without departing from the scope of the present invention, for example ', non-limiting, POLY fibers
AMIDES ACRYLIC fibers, VINYL fibers, artificial plastic fibers, natural fibers, mineral fibers etc.

The fibers can be treated electrostatic to keep their bulk, their triboelectricity. Being enclosed between two sheets, these fibers are not likely to attract dust. In any case, the best results have been obtained by fibers having the lowest possible water uptake.

 The purpose of these fleece fibers is to block the natural convection of the air while minimizing the conduction of one of its Pacts towards the other by ensuring an optical space between the two films.

 The fibers of this fleece will therefore have a maximum gorging power for a minimum mass. Fleece professionals know how to achieve this result without it being useful to specify the details in this brief.

The insulating complex which is the subject of this patent may advantageously include behind this fleece B1 another metallized film C which will not necessarily include the elements Ai and A2 of the products described above in A but only a layer of POLYETHYLENE Ci åBfichRebson the metallization C2 deposited ellc- even on a film by
POLYESTER or POLYETNYLENE C31 or any other reflective material.

 Behind this film C, we can add another fleece B2 comparable or different from fleece B1.

 The thickness and the texture of this second B2 fleece may be adapted to the final product to be obtained without departing from the scope of the present invention. The second fleece B2 may ~ also-be deleted for reasons of economy.

 In front of this second fleece there will be a third film m ~ - tallized C composed of the elements Ci, C2, C3 described above.

 In front of this third metallized film, the present invention specifically provides for the placement of a textile material T which we will call "wadding".

 The wadding E object of the present invention will have the following characteristics.

 First, it will be hydrophobic so as not to retain dust or static electricity, so it will not be composed of material which can charge static electricity and does not absorb water, for example POLYESTER, POLYAMIDE, PVt etc. . This padding will therefore be composed of a non-electrostatic and non-hydrophobic material.

Excellent results have been found with cotton or viscose fibers, either pure or blended, a cellulose wadding gives full satisfaction. This padding will be matt to hide and mask the Wrillance of the metallic film it covers,
In the context of the present invention, this wadding will preferably be gray mottled, that is to say that a certain amount of black fiber will be dispersed, for example 0.1 to 3% in white fibers.

The opacity of the wadding and its ability to hide the shine will be less messy and less fragile, it will match better with light wall hangings as well as with dark fabrics.

 It has also been found that the placement of these black fibers increases the absorption of infrared rays by reducing the reflection.

 The inBra-red radiation is thus absorbed by this quilted appearance and re-emitted textile, which increases the overall feeling of comfort.

 The gray mottled wadding being made of natural fiber or based on cellulose or hydrophylic viscose will not show any reaction in the presence of synthetic fabrics used in wall hanging, while avoiding that the fibers do not cross between them. It has indeed been observed that the use of soft synthetic fleece causes the relaxation of the apparent stretched tissue. The use of wadding in accordance with the present invention corrects this very unpleasant defect for installers.

 In addition, the result of the present invention is to provide a particularly soft contact and pleasant to the touch.

 The present invention involves the use of a highly hydrophilic fleece.

 The usual defect in synthetic fleeces is that they are not hydrophobic, but the laying of stretched fabrics is greatly facilitated by an atmosphere heavily charged with water vapor.

 In fact, wall hanging fabrics are easier to put on when they are damp and hold better when they remain slightly imidated.

The wadding, object of the present invention in hydrophyle and hydroscopic material has this advantage
This quilted fabric can be obtained by any known textile technique which does not change its performance, for example, weaving, it can be woven, knitted, flocked, needled, obtained by so-called nonwoven techniques, sprayed on a support, etc.

We can also use textiles called MALIVIES.

In the context of the present invention, this fleece will preferably be gray mottled, that is to say that a certain amount of black fibers, for example O, will be dispersed at & 3 $ in the white fibers. The opacity of the fleece and its ability to mask the shine will be superior.

In addition, this gray mottled will be non-messy and less fragile.

 To be more precise, it is necessary to understand the advantages of stacking the different materials composing the complex object of the present invention.

 The superimposition of two, three or more, radiant screens carries; maximum thermal insulation performance of the assembly. The 'installation of a fourth radiant screen brings only a very slight improvement, while increasing the price for an unprofitable result.

The superposition of two separate fleeces gives better thermal insulation than that of a single fleece.

 The combination of reflective surface, plus air space, plus reflective surface, gives an entirely unexpected result of thermal insulation and not in accordance with theories or knowledge generally prevalent in the trade of building or thermal insulation. .

 The complex also offers advantages that the present invention tends to claim; rigid plastic films A block moisture in the wall, plastic film D, being of a low mass, is immediately hot.

Being isolated by the B2 fleece, located in its back, they therefore do not cause conbensarion. In case, oh a weak condensation could occur, it would be immediately absorbed by the fleece E and will improve the performances,
This insulating complex is therefore particularly suitable for thermal insulation and for correcting damp walls.

The present invention also makes it possible to eliminate the risks of
stains presented by synthetic fleeces on walls that are not perfectly flat. - ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~
The present complex also offers the advantage of stopping the dust which
passes through the wall through the cracks, to leave traces on the
wall hanging. The rougher front surface will brake the rising air
because the air dissipates calories when it licks the surface in front of which
he climbs. Air can no longer dissipate calories will less dirty the surface
in fact, the deposition of dust is due to the fact that the air is slowed down in
its course by the cooling of the wall.

This slowing down causes a deposit of dust in the same way as in
a river depositing sediment. Airsprised in the fleece and in
the fleece avoids this defect.

The different materials will be fixed together so as to compose a com
manipulable plex. ~ the production of a manipulable complex.

 According to the present invention, the films and batting can be fixed to each other by any known mechanical, physical or chemical means, among other possibilities, they can be sewn, glued point by point or in line, or use the technique known as foam zero, we can use ultrasonic welding techniques, high frequency and any other means known or to be discovered.

 The fixing means does not change anything in the process or the complex.

 For vertical walls, it will be beneficial, in the context of the present invention, to create vertical chimneys.

 For reasons not yet determined, it was found that a better result was obtained if the insulating complex had vertical chimneys with a width of 50 to 300 mm, preferably about 100 mm, for the thickness of the complex. to achieve.

 However, it is the object of the present invention to fix the wadding on the front face by a method other than sewing.

The realization of a chimney indeed causes differences in thickness risking to appear under the wall hanging and giving an undesirable aspect. It will therefore be interesting to fix the wadding by any means, such as gluing, adhesion or other mechanical, physical or chemical fixing, punctual or continuous, so that the chimneys do not appear on the surface of the stretched fabric.

 This complex could be made with other materials for pre senl: r slightly different performance and better suited to a particular problem. For example, it can be made of non-fire materials such as PVC film and fibers, or other materials with improved fire resistance. It may also be carried out without the padded face in the case where it would be advantageous to keep a surface of metallis appearance (, for example, for industrial or technical thermal insulation in all immutable areas: such as ozone and among others: nuclear, technical, industrial, chemical, professional, technical or amateur insulation.

 Without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is possible to replace fibers and plastic films with any other transparent or reflective material.

 We can of course replace the fleece with any other fibrous material that can play the role of mechanical and optical spacer, such as mineral fibers: carbon, silica, asbestos, etc., fibers of rough metals, of all natural materials or artssficiel, we can also use solid mechanical spacers of all shapes such as expanded metal, folded metal, #tal shaped. Any solid spacer falls within the third framework of the present invention without reducing its scope.

 The present complex therefore has a use whenever it is desired to insulate thermally. It finds a privileged use for the insulation of walls and under-roofs, as clothing for man and animal, as thermal protection on earth, on the sky, in short, each time, that one wants to stop or Slow down the heat exchange between a hot body and a cold body.

 The insulating complex, object of the present invention, can be used in all cases where the transfer of thermal energy from a cold body to a hot body takes place partly by radiation and that the fibrous and # cellular insulators have disadvantages.

 One of the preferred jobs is in the thermal insulation of residential buildings. This complex makes it possible, in fact, to insulate by the sorter without losing any living space, or to isolate an under-roof leaving the exposed beams.

Another application is in warm clothing, such as anorak, jacket, jumpsuit and other sports clothing,
In competition, as well as in professional or technical jobs.

 A last interesting application is the insulation of piping where the ease of implementation and the absence of other Pheasant satis solutions ensure an attractive outlet.

Claims (7)

1. Tbermic insulating complex composed of several superposed elements characterized by the juxtapùsition of at least two reflective walls adorned by an optical and mechanical spacer. 2. An insulating complex characterized by the fact that this spacer is a fleece enclosed between two mirror films. 3. Insulating complex characterized in that it comprises on one of these faces a fabric of hydrophilic appearance, anti-electrostatic, anti-shine.  4. Insulating complex according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one metallized film, reinforced, reinforced, coated with plastic, and a starched frame. 5. Thermal insulating complex according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two spacers, enclosed between three metallic films. 6. Insulating complex according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing of the different thicknesses determines vertical chimneys. 7. Thermal insulating complex according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it uses one or more preceding claims, and that the materials are fixed together by gluing, sewing, welding, needling, mechanical, physical or chemical fixing.