FR2500873A1 - Earthquake resistant building - can move on supports which are installed in bed of sand - Google Patents

Abstract

The earth-quake resistant building comprises a floor (9) carried by hemispheres (8) which engage into recesses (6) in supports (7). The supports (7) can move on rollers (3) or plinths (2) installed in a bed of sand (1) to ensure that abrupt earth movements i.e. subsidence are cushioned from the building. Brackets (15) are positioned at the points of intersection between the beams (17) and the pillars (16) or walls (14) of the building to provide reinforcement.

Description

DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to light constructions for use in family housing and individualized in the "villa" form with a maximum of three levels. Its originality is that it helps to provide a response to the potential self-builder wishing to build (or rebuild) his house in reliable and inexpensive technical conditions.

 It is obvious that all the anti-seismic technology implemented to date presupposes, on the one hand, a policy of "large complexes" or / at least of superimposed Habitat (genre "RLMI) and, on the other on the other hand, a more or less sophisticated technical device tending & mortgaging, in the future, any desire for a developing country (for example) to adopt an autonomous policy in terms of anti-seismic construction.

 If technological dependence has appeared as an inevitable historic fate that is difficult to transgress, that this remains limited to the economies of scale, is major works justiciable by the intervention of the State or local communities. But that this should touch the individual initiatives of citizens, the consequence would seem heavy, and in any case hardly bearable for the State itself.

 The purpose of this invention goes in the direction of a double requirement, with regard to the self-builder: to meet safety standards in land-based environments with the maximum chance of surv @ e, and to realize its own construction with local resources, a technique that can be fully mastered and at the lowest cost.

 The general principle of the invention consists of a concrete support resting on a mattress of sand and, at the main support points, of "ball joints" in reinforced concrete in order to regulate any unevenness or any translation of the ground, and to allow thus a relative stability to the construction which rests on the support.

 The mattress of sand whose natural co.pressibility is very low allows a relative solidarity of the furniture elements any sagging, relating to all or part of the building, would be compensated by instant equalization of the level of the base which, precisely because of its loose nature, reacts to any mechanical disturbance of the soil and tends towards maximum stability.

 The principle of "ball joints" allows the structure, even when engaged in the seismic movement, to have lateral translation, or even a rocking movement, and this continuously. We know indeed that it is the discontinuity of the movement which is at the origin of the brutal and rapid collapses that we know.

 The ball joints may, in the event of very violent tremors, not have sufficient capacity to regulate the shock. As additional security, the beams will be flanked by reinforced concrete consoles thus forming a triangle with the side pillars. This precaution is all the more necessary since, in the generality of cases of earthquake collapse, the beams yield or break at the level of their intersection with the lateral pillars or the load-bearing walls.

 Finally, last remark, so that the lateral translation is not thwarted by a rocky resistance likely to break the continuity of the movement, it is necessary to provide, all around the structure, a ditch of 20 to 30 cm in width and dtune depth reaching the layer of sand on which the support or cleanliness slab rests. This peripheral void will be filled with falling cork or any other similar material (of compressible nature).

(cf. Dessims @@ Annex)
The overall arrangement, object of the invention, applies to all housing developments of a suburban nature, in addition to isolated or scattered settlements (residential or suburban areas).

 It can also be applied to small works (3 levels maximum) of a professional or commercial nature.

 Finally, taking into account the installation of a certain number of small all-i-iait standardizable equipments, these elements can - be pre-fabricated (felt joints, diamond points, stainless steel balls, modular formwork for ball joints etc ...) and are therefore intended for the construction materials industry.

 The house plan below is not imperative, and is only modular in the technical safety device linked to the infrastructure of the structure. Architectural distribution is, of course, a matter for the self-builder (here offered for information only).

LEGENDS
PLATE 1/3
Figure 1 (cutting plane): 1. bottom of the bowl 2. rim of the bowl 3. horizontal view of the bowl *. distance between balls 3. ball pressed into sheet up to 13 mm (thickness = 6mm) 6. round iron grid: # 14 mm stainless 7. ball of # 14 pu stainless 8. rim of bowl (overhang = 30 mm) 9 . base height (350 + 30 = 380 mm) Figure @: 1. iron makes # 14 mm 2. calipers # 6 mm (1 stirrup every 10 cm.) 3. ball joint (to be poured separately).

4. ball cap 5. 10 cm diameter ball (must be placed on the rim side) 6. bowl base.

Figure @: 1. chapea @ (must be made with diamond points) 2. molded diamond point to receive ball joint (set of sockets -
ment = l cm.) 3. cap (or cup cover) 4. ball joint: must be poured in reinforced concrete with the base plate
tions.

5. concave plate 6. sealing
Figure 4: 1 post: 23 z 23 cm.

2. beam and floor linked by the ball joint 3. ball joint (must be placed 10 cm lower than the floor beam) 4. base of the hat
Figure @ (AA) 1. straight sand 2. bowl placed on 1 @ at 20 cm thick sand 3. equidistant balls 4. bowl edge (must be, like the balls,
visible so as not to interfere with pivoting) 3. Ball joint
6. joint (10 cm below beams / floor)
7. hat (must receive the sheet metal with imprint to join
the balls) 8. fitting of the ball joint (nesting game: 3 to 4 ce)
9. floor, hat, connecting beam and framing
foundations and roof floor.

10. separation wall between cork and sand 11. retaining wall 12. cork placement 13. foundation joint cover 14. brick wall of 25 or other materials of the same size.

13. power arm or console (reinforcement of beams
heightening).

16. central pillar of ground floor (can be moved within 1 s of
position, if applicable).

17. floor (reinforced by a welded mesh at the height of each
level) 18. central pillar of the first floor 19. 20 or 25 cm wall.

20. left and right arm 21. left awning 22. terrace and floor 23. slope 24. parapet 25. right awning
BOARD 2/3 Feinre 6:
1. diamond point is placed
2. armature of the patella
3. side = 2/2
Figure 7 ::
1. sand (grain size to be studied, if applicable)
2. cork
3. recessed ball on table (1.5 cm deep for
compression surface)
*. delay of dirty water (hole for branching of the cover)
5. manhole and cover fitting set suitable for
telluric conditions
6. @ metal pipe for seismic expansion (3 to 4 cm long
cheeur / 16 to 20 cm.)
PLATE 3/3
Figure 8 (RD, C.)
1. garden
2. entrance 3. fence wall
h. aisle 3. window 6. bedroom
7. entrance to the accommodation 8. WC window

9. kitchen 10. kitchen window 11. kitchen basin 12. kitchen garden 13. living room 14. French window 15. window 16. stair rail 17. stairs 18. veranda 19. Garden or courtyard 20. fence 21. interior staircase 22. hall
Figure 9 (1st floor) 1. bedroom
2. window
3. awning
i. window
5. bedroom
6. hall
7. cupboards 8. stairs
9. bedroom window 10. bedroom 11. WC

12. bathroom window 13. door and balcony 14. bathtub 13. washbasins
Figure 10
1. base
2. window
3. entrance
4. window 3. parapet of the 1st floor 6. bedroom window
7. WC window

8. bathroom window
9. balcony door 10 balcony grid 11. cornice

Claims (3)

 instant leveling in case of subsidence.  basis for ensuring the fluidity of the seats, and therefore, their  - a sand mattress on which the slab rests  carriers,  at the intersections of beams and side pillars or walls  - a support system made up of consoles  so as to regulate the discontinuity of telluric movements,  - a translational and / or tilting support on ball joints  by  CLAIMS 1. earthquake-resistant suburban habit characterized 2. Support device according to claim 1, character-  laughed at by a peripheral ditch 30 cm wide and reaching  the layer of sand, used to contain a compressible material  (cork or similar) to reduce shock due to movement  of translation. 3. characterized construction system according to claim 1,  by a very large autonomy in terms of technological incorporation  and giving all initiative to the self-builders, with  very low marginal cost.