FR2488274A1 - LEATHER MILL - Google Patents

Abstract

INVENTION RELATING TO THE WORKING OF LEATHER. LEATHER MILL WITH HORIZONTAL ROTATING DRUM 10 SUPPORTED AT ITS ENDS. IT INCLUDES CHANNELS 22, 23 OPENING INTO ITS INTERIOR 21 AT THE TWO ENDS AT LANDING 11, 12. A DUST VACUUM 40 IS ASSOCIATED WITH ONE 22 OF THE CHANNELS AND IS CONNECTED BY A RETURN DUCT 41 TO THE CHANNEL 23 OF THE OTHER FRONTAL END, BY RETURNING IN THE AXIAL DIRECTION THE AIR, SUCKED FROM THE INTERIOR 21 AND DUST BY A SEPARATOR 45, IN THE INTERIOR 21 OF THE DRUM. APPLICATION TO THE REALIZATION OF SUCH MILLS, NON-POLLUTANTS, FOR THE ENVIRONMENT.

Description

The present invention, concerning the work of leather, is more

  specifically relating to a leather mill, of a kind comprising a horizontal drum which is rotatably supported and rotatably driven, preferably supported at both axial ends thereof by sustained bearing terminations

in supports.

  The known working mills are tightly closed all around and also at the axial end ends of the rotating drum. They do not present

  for example, an opening in the area of the enve-

  Drum lump, opening that can be closed by means of a removable egg pierced with holes. It is through this opening that the charging and evacuation of the material to be treated takes place. the removable cover is holed

  so that the inside of the drum communicates with the

  the environment of the mill. Mills of this kind, called

  also fullers, have the role of treading

  the leather inside the drum as a result of the rotation of the drum and to soften the leather. It's about

  leather that has been colored and has undergone

  previous events, including a treatment of equal

  lisation. When leveling the leather, fine fibers or leather particles remain attached to it and during

  softening steps they come loose in the

  flax and constitute a kind of dust. This one

  to get out of the drum during this treatment through the cover of the drum wall, which is provided with holes. As a result, this dust is spreading

  and strongly fouls the workshop in which such molds

  lins are mounted, for example being aligned one behind the other. The strong accumulation of dust therefore requires special rooms in which only such mills have been placed. This dust is also an annoying nuisance for the workers working on these premises. Also, the machines clog up very strongly, so that it is essential to carry out their thorough cleaning at

  determined time intervals. Pollution of the environment

  environment is also great because we can not

  carry out workshops with perfectly closed dust.

  Moreover, the result of the treatment depends on the state

  air and the volume of the room where the

  because of the holes provided in each section.

  In the interior of the drums, the same temperature and the same hygrometry of the air as in

  13 the environment. However, these conditions vary

  turely according to the parameters of the outside air.

  So, depending on the seasons, temperature and humidity.

  of the air change considerably. Modifications

  corresponding to the inside of the rotating drum

  non-reproducible crushing results. On the surface of the leather a distinct mark is formed. In

  in addition, degrees of softening or softening are obtained.

  unequal pleating, the object of the invention is to obtain a mill,

  of the kind defined in the introduction, which avoids the

  of the environment by accumulating dust

  inside the drum and allows you to obtain a

  sultat of reproducible treatment, in particular, the result of the crushing, for the leathers to be treated and this

  with as much structure as possible simple, good mar-

and saving space.

  The problem posed is solved for a mill of the kind mentioned above according to the invention, thanks to the fact that channels opening into the inside of the rotating drum at the two bearing ends are provided and that a vacuum cleaner is associated with a channel and is connected by a return duct to the channel of the other end, by reintroducing, in the axial direction,

  the air sucked in from the inside of the drum and

  dusty, inside the drum. Thanks to these

  positions, it is possible to dust the inside of the drum following an automatic process and to separate

2488274 -

  and collect the accumulating dust without leaving it outside uncontrolled, which would pollute the environment. As a result, he is again

  possible to have inside a room, not only

  such mills, but also other machines and even machines that are normally sensitive to

  attack by dust or other fouling

  ments. We do not need a particular room

  in which only the leather mills are housed.

  With the chosen conformation, the lid of the drum body is not permeable and, when closed, it has an at least substantially sealed closure

to dust.

  According to advantageous embodiments,

  the vacuum cleaner has a dust separator

  particularly of the cyclone type, with a container

  collection of dust is added to the suite and the vacuum

  The dust generator may include a blower,

  example of the centrifugal type, arranged above the sepa-

  tor. As a dust collection container, it is possible to use a conventional garbage container

  found in commerce for a low price.

  Other embodiments of the mill of the invention may comprise a device for adjusting or controlling the temperature and / or a device for adjusting or controlling the humidity in the stream of air introduced through a channel. the inside of the rotating drum; the temperature control or control device may comprise a temperature sensor and a heating device controlled by the latter; the device for adjusting or controlling the humidity

  is connected after the control or adjustment device

  the temperature in the direction of the air flow; the device for adjusting or controlling the humidity

  includes a humidity sensor and a device for

  sication and / or humidification controlled by the latter and in particular a dispersion device for producing a mist; the temperature control or control device is disposed at a front end of the rotating drum and a location in the return duct where it connects to the channel; finally the humidity control or control device is disposed inside the channel facing the duct containing the vacuum cleaner, preferably according to the

  direction of flow of fresh air brought before

  right o connects the return duct. Thanks to the

  Positive setting or temperature control and / or humidity setting or control device It is possible to set the temperature and humidity parameters of the air inside the rotating drum

  and this following a perfectly automatic process.

  This leads to exactly reproducible treatment results, because then the air inside the rotating drum can no longer fluctuate by adapting

  ambient air temperature and / or humidity.

  ity. At the same time, it is possible to choose the temperature and humidity parameters independently of the state of the room and the external environment in a truly optimal way, as is desirable.

  to obtain a desired treatment result. The provision

  instantaneous control system with temperature and humidity sensors as well as a heating and drying or humidification device

  ordered by them guarantees, following a

  the maintenance of the constancy of any value

  Glee. As a result, a crushing result of

  producible, so always be constant and optimal with always the same healing on the surface of the leather and a degree of softening or softening constant and this with a relatively low expense or complication. Other advantageous embodiments will be explained later. the planned conformation

  support bearings at both ends is particularly

  simple and inexpensive and saves space, while being stable to an extreme degree. the supports do not

  present that extremely small axial dimensions

  and admit in the center of wide channels of passage.

  Other features and advantages

  more fully from the description below,

  treating an example of non-limiting embodiment of a said mill with reference to the drawings, among which:

  FIG. 1 is a schematic side view

  that of the mill according to the invention; - Figure 27 a schematic top view and partially cut the mill of Figure 1; and - Figure 3, an axial longitudinal section

  on a larger scale the end region,

  che in Figures 1 and 2, the mill according to the invention.

  The device shown serves in particular to soften or soften leather, which has been colored, by a crushing work. This treatment is done in the state

completely dry.

  The mill includes a drum rotating horizontally

  which is supported, in the example of realization

  represented at both axial ends by its

  bearing end portions 11, 12 in bearing

  13, 14. The rotating drum 10 is rotated

  by a drive motor 15, schematically

  indicated in Figure 2, by means of a

  16. For this purpose, on the outside of the drum,

  10, three rings with gutter-shaped recesses in cross-section have been arranged and welded, in which

  endless belts 17, 18 and 19 passing around the drum

  The rotatable drum is accessible through a bay that can be closed by means of the lid 20 for loading.

  or extracting the material to be treated.

  At both bearing ends 11 and 12 there are provided channels 22 and 23 which open into the inside 21 of the rotary drum 10. Each channel 22, 23 is formed by an axial hollow tube 24 or 25 having a large internal cavity. cross section of free passage. FIG. 2 diagrammatically shows only a conformation in which the hollow tube 24, 25 constitutes the direct support of the corresponding support bearing.

13 or 14.

  As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, associated with the channel 22, which is situated on the left, is a special dust extractor connected via a return duct. at channel 23 to the right in FIGS. 1 and 2. With the dust vacuum, the dust-laden air is drawn through the left channel 22 in the direction of the arrow 42 out of

  the inside 21 of the rotating drum 10 for dusting

  ge, then it is sent in the duct return 41 in the direction of the arrow 43 and thus the dusted air is brought back in the axial direction again at the end

  right, in the figures on the right 1 and 2, by the

  local 23 in the inside 21 of the rotating drum

  10. As shown in arrow 44, the air of the environment

  is drawn into the right end region in Figures 1 and 2 of the rotating drum 10 from

  from the outside in the right channel 23.

  The dust vacuum cleaner 40 has a separator

  dust generator 45 in the form of a cyclone dust collector which includes a dust collecting vessel

  46 connected to his suite. Vacuum cleaner 40 has a suffocation

  flante 47, having in particular the shape of a

  centrifugal, which is arranged above the separator

  and which is driven by a motor 48 with a vertical axis.

  At the outlet of the blower 47 connects the conduit

back 41.

  - An adjustment or control device is provided

  temperature control 50 and further a humidity control or control device 60 in the flow path of the air introduced into the interior 21 of the

  rotating drum 10, including the right channel 23.

  the two devices 50 and 60 are represented only by

schematic way.

  the temperature control or control device 50 includes a temperature sensor 51 and a heater 52 which is controlled by the

sensor 51.

  the humidity control or control device 60 comprises a humidity sensor 61 and a desiccation and / or humidification device 62 which is controlled by the preceding one, for example a device

  dispersant for producing a scrambled water.

  With these devices 50 and 60 including their parts

  corresponding elementary elements they are structural groups

  in themselves known that it is useless to expose in de-

  tail, in illustration, or description. In addition, these

  devices 50, 60 can be taken in the state of the art. The humidity adjusting or control device 60 is connected after the adjusting device or temperature control, following the path

  Dust-free air flow. The system of

  setting or temperature control 50 is found at

  a front end of the rotating drum 10, that is,

  say at the right-hand end in FIGS. 1 and 2, and at the place in the path of the return duct 41 where the return duct 41 connects to the right channel

  23. the device for adjusting or controlling the humidity

  Dite 60 is disposed inside the channel 23, located opposite the other channel 22 and in this case, following the flow path of the fresh air brought along the arrow 44, in front of the place o open the conduit

  back 41 in the right channel 23.

  Thanks to this conformation, it is possible to carry out the treatment, by means of the mill, of the leather

  which has been colored according to an automatically controlled process

  matically. The leather introduced into the rotating drum 10

  comprises, as a result of the previous equalization processing

  tooth, very small leather particles or leather fibers that manifest as dust. With the mill treatment, that is to say the softening of the leather by pressing, this dust leaves the inside of the rotating drum 10 and normally, with the known mill devices, it passes through perforations in the cover 20 to course of treatment. the created nuisance

  in the environment is therefore huge with the dis-

  known positivities of this kind, which also makes

  because of this we can not have results of treatment

  reproducible, because the inside 21 of the rotating drum 10, in the provisions of known mills,

  is continuously in communication with the environment

  as a result of which the temperature of the environment and / or the humidity of the room, both of which may change, are also communicated inside the room.

rotating drum.

  With the mill according to the invention, however,

  the nuisance caused by the dust is removed.

  In addition, in a reproducible way both the temperature

  moisture in the interior of the drum

  10 can be set and maintained at different values

  prefixed constants, so that a result

  reproducible treatment status and always the same is

  assured, regardless of the prevailing environmental conditions

  outside the rotating drum 10.

  Leather, which must be treaded to soften

  or softening in a dry process and which is introduced into the rotating drum 10, is treated

  corresponding way during the rotation of said drum.

  In this case, as needed, fresh air from the outside is drawn through the right channel 23, in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the direction of the arrow 44 by means of the vacuum cleaner 40 and passing through the inside 21 of the rotating drum; then the dust-laden air escapes from the inside 21 of the rotating drum 10 through the channel 22 in the direction of the arrow 42.

  dust is filtered through separator 45 and

  in the dust collecting container 46, which

  can be a regular ordinary garbage container.

  The dusted air arrives in the direction of the arrow 43 through the return duct 41 and is brought back, at least mainly, by the right channel again into the inside 21 of the rotary drum 10. The temperature sensor 51 measures in this case the actual temperature of the air inside the return duct 41. If there is a deviation from the prescribed temperature

  the heating device 52 is controlled in a correct manner

  corresponding, so that during the passage of air through the heater 52 the air is for example heated accordingly. It is understood that in this case, as a constituent part of the temperature control device 50 could also be provided another temperature sensor at the output of the heater 52, which would measure the actual temperature and perform, together with the sensor 51, a measure of difference, The air arriving through the right channel 23 is then checked for its degree of humidity and adjusted again according to the result. This happens

  by means of the adjusting or control device

  60. The moisture sensor 61 appreciates the hygrometric content of the air and controls, according to the result,

  the device 62 for dehumidifying and / or rehuming

  difier. It goes without saying that all the control functions

  will be collected, in order to settle them, in

  a switching cabinet which is not more specific

  cifiée. Then, referring to Figure 3 and then

  example of the support bearing 13 on the left,

  ra the peculiarity of the support, and it will be admitted that the support bearing 14 of the right is constituted of the same way.

  the support bearing 13 comprises a ring of

  tie inner 26 and an outer support ring 27

  fixed opposite, which is arranged coaxially

  port bearing ring 26 and overflowing it outside. the bearing ring 26 has, at its

  outer circumferential surface, a bearing surface

  staggered by an annular groove 28 obtained by enfranchi-

  cement. Correspondingly, the support ring 27

  is also provided, on its peripheral surface

  of a bearing surface having the shape of an annular groove 29 in recess, the two annular grooves 28, 29 act together to produce

  the transverse and longitudinal support of the tower drum

  10, in such a way that in these annular grooves

  28, 29 of the bearing bodies in the form of rolling bodies circulate and are constituted here by

  example in the form of a ring of balls 30.

  the fixed outer bearing ring 27 is now

  held in a support portion 32, having the shape of a sleeve, by means of an elastic intermediate layer 31 established in the form of a rubber layer. This support portion 32 rests on a lower support foot 33 which is carried in conjunction with the support ring

fixed outdoor 27.

  the bearing ring 26 of the drum side is fixed by means of screws 34 in a detachable manner to a front disc 35 on the drum side. the front disc 35 is integrally connected to the front wall 36, turned towards

  she; rotating drum 10, for example by welding.

  the front disc 35 has, on the axial side spaced from the rotary drum 10, an axial centering heel 37 on which the bearing ring 26 is countered. In the center, the front disk 35 and the front wall 36 are each provided with a central passage opening 38 or 39

large diameter.

  The bearing ring 26 and the bearing ring 27 are covered, from the axial side turned towards the drum

  rotating, by an annular cover 70 covering axially

  these two parts, a cover which is fixed by

  71 of the screw 71 removably on the fixed support ring 27. The annular cover 70 is also provided in the center of a passage opening of large

diameter 72.

  As can be seen in FIG. 3, the hollow tube 24 at this point including a channel 22 is integrally mounted on the annular cover 70, for example

  ensoudé. In this case, the hollow tube 24 passes through the

  passageway 38 of the front disc 35 with a number of

  tain radial play. In the axial direction the hollow tube 24 then extends to the passage opening 39 in the

  front wall 36 of the rotating drum 10. In the opposite direction

  the hollow tube 24 passes, in the axial direction, to the passage opening 72 of the annular cover, which is placed on top at the end, left on

  FIG. 3, of the hollow tube 24 and which is welded to this latter

  deny. The hollow tube 24 is thus independent of the play in the support bearing 13 and in particularcb movements which the bearing ring 26 of the drum side with respect to the foot portion 33 executes. The rubber layer 31 is in fact particularly for the purpose of equalizing slight level errors or other axis errors and absorbing oscillations, compensating for unbalance, etc. Because the fixed hollow tube 24 does not apply in the region end, right in Figure 3, directly in the passage opening 38 of the disc

  35, but that there is some interplay between

  radial re, this mobility of the rotating drum 10 with

  the bearing ring 26 is not relatively potted.

  It is separated by the hollow tube 24 and the pipe associated with the usual pipe connections. As a result, the hollow tube 24 remains rigid, while the rotating drum 10 can rotate relative to it during its drive.

  The rotating drum 10 has a wall of

  The inner lug is held against the front wall 36. The first lug has a conical shape, at least slightly, with an inwardly directed pin

  rotating drum 10, which is on the axis of the drum.

  The impact wall 73 is arranged, at least in the region of the channel 22, with a certain axial spacing from the front wall 36. As a result, the impact wall 73, on which the channel extends 22 in the cross-section direction, is impermeable, which means

  therefore means that the impact function is assured.

  On the surface area however, which is located with

  an axial gauge outside the diameter region

  of the channel 22, the impact wall 73 is provided with

  relatively large passageways 74, for example perforations, so that the dust-laden air can be sucked through passage openings

  74, efficiently and without disturbance, out of the

  21 of the rotating drum 10, - through the channel 22.

  at the same time avoids that in the region with strong aspirations

  in the region of the cross-section of channel 22, the leather in the interior

  21 directly sucked in, which would cause the

  drying of these passage openings existing in said region and consequently the blocking of the suction of the air containing dust. This is simply pocketed

  through the passage openings 74 which have been described.

  The support bearing 14, located on the right

  FIGS. 1 and 2 are established in exactly the same way.

  that the support bearing 13 described with reference to Figure 3. In all this is a stable support mode, advantageous in terms of cost, and particularly

  simple, which is at the same time capable of absorbing

  of. possible level and oscillations and which allows the two ends of the rotating drum 10 to have channels 22, 23 of extremely large diameter for the suction or reintroduction of air. In that case,

  Simple, economical, level bearing elements are used.

  and small footprint, which support the

  hollow 24, 25 at both ends and fix them. The support bearings on both sides 13, 14 will have only

  very small axial dimensions, so that the encum-

  overall axial braking of the device can be extremely reduced. eb

Claims (21)

REVENDIOATIONS   A leather mill, comprising a horizontal drum which is rotatably supported and rotated, preferably supported at both axial ends thereof by bearing ends supported in supports, characterized in that it comprises channels (22, 23) opening into the interior of the rotating drum (10) at both bearing ends (11, 12) and in that a dust vacuum (40) is associated with one of the channels (22). ) and is connected by a   return duct (41) to the channel (23) of the other end   front end, by reintroducing the air in the axial direction,   sucked from the inside (21) of the drum and   in the inside (21) of the drum.   2. Mill according to claim 1, characterized   characterized in that the dust extractor (40) comprises a dust separator (45), in particular of the cyclone type, with a dust collection container (46) attached to the suite.   Mill according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vacuum cleaner (40)   comprises a blower (47), for example of central type   trifuge disposed above the separator (45).   4. Mill according to any one of the   1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a device for regulating or controlling the temperature (50) and / or a device for regulating or controlling the humidity (60) in the flow of the introduced air. by a channel (23) inside (21) of the rotating drum (10).   Mill according to claim 4, characterized   in that the adjustment or control device   of the temperature (50) comprises a temperature sensor   a heater (51) and a heater (52) controlled by the latter.   6. Mill according to claim 4, characterized   in that the humidity control or control device (60) is connected after the temperature control or setting device (50), in the direction of the air flow.   Mill according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that the adjusting device or   humidity control (60) comprises a humidity sensor   (61) and a drying and / or humic   (62) commissioned by the latter, in particular   a dispersion device for producing a mist.   8. Mill according to any one of the   4 to 7, characterized in that the temperature control or control device (50) is arranged at a front end of the rotary drum (10) and at a point in the return duct (41). it connects to the channel (23).   9. Mill according to any one of the   4 to 8, characterized in that the humidity adjusting or controlling device (60) is arranged inside the channel (23) facing the duct (22) containing the dust extractor (40). preferably in the direction of flow of the supplied fresh air,   before the place. o connects the return duct (41).   10. Mill according to any one of the   1 to 9, characterized in that each support bearing (13, 14) comprises a bearing ring (26) fixed to the rotating drum (10) and a fixed bearing ring (27),   coaxial with the bearing ring (26) and exceeding   ci, the bearing ring (26) having, preferably   on its outer peripheral surface, and the ring of appli-   (27), preferably on its peripheral surface   each bearing surface (28, 29), these bearing surfaces cooperating together to support   transversely and / or longitudinally the drum tower nant (10).   Mill according to claim 10, characterized   characterized in that it comprises, between the bearing ring (26) and the bearing ring (27), bearing bodies (30), in particular rolling bodies, or preferably a ring of balls.   Mill according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the fixed bearing ring (27) is held by means of an elastic intermediate layer (31), for example a rubber layer, in a bearing part. (32), preferably constituted by a socket, which is fixed to the support leg (33) and which is carried by it.   13. Mill according to any one of the   10 to 12, characterized in that the bearing ring (26) is detachably attached to a front disc (35) of the drum side and preferably centered   on an axial bead (37) thereof.   14. Mill according to any one of   1 to 13, characterized in that each bearing end (11, 12) comprises a hollow tube (24, 25) with a large inner passage section, which constitutes the channel (22 or 23).   15. Mill according to claim 14, characterized   characterized in that the hollow tube (24, 25) supports the ring   bearing located on the drum side.   Mill according to claim 14, characterized   characterized in that the hollow tube (24, 25) is maintained   on the fixed part of the support bearing (13, 14), in particular on the support ring (27).   Mill according to any of the claims   13 to 16, characterized in that the front disk (35) of the drum side and the front wall (36) of the rotary drum (10) each contain a central passage opening (38, 39) through which the tube passes. hollow (24).   18. Mill according to any one of the   10 to 17, characterized in that it comprises an annular cover (70) covering the support bearing (13)   on the axial side spaced from the rotating drum (10),   vercle which is fixed in particular detachably on the support ring (27).   Mill according to claims 17 and 18   taken together, characterized in that the cover   nut (70) has a central passage opening (72) and that the hollow tube (24) extends into the   axial direction through the opening of pas-   wise (72) of the annular cover (70) and is fixed thereto.   20. Mill according to any one of the   1 to 19, characterized in that the tower drum   nant (10) has, at each front end, a   inner impact wall (73) held against the   front king (36), and being, at least in the region of the channel (22), at a certain axial spacing of the front wall (36).   Mill according to claim 20, characterized   characterized in that the impact wall (73) is impermeable in the radial region of the channel (22) and is provided, on a surface region which is axially spaced apart from the channel (22), with passage openings (74). ), for example perforations.