FR2486147A1 - Engine pollution reduction inlet - consists of heat exchanger tube between exhaust manifold and fuel mixture heating and stabilising chambers - Google Patents

Abstract

For reducing pollution from the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine a heat exchanger increases the temperature of the fuel and air mixture supplied to the cylinders. This heat exchanger is formed by a tube (4) with one end in contact with the exhaust manifold, and its other end at the fuel injection point. This discharge end is bent into a curve to fit inside an adaptor (3) with a flange (5) for connection to the engine. The fuel and air mixture passes through a side opening (1) to enter a heat transfer chamber (2) which curves around the curved end of the tube. This is followed by a funnel shaped stabilising chamber (3) before passing through ports in the flange to enter the engine cylinders.

Description

ECONOMIZER ANTI-POLLUTION FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES
The present invention relates to a fuel-saving antipolluter for gasoline or other fuels engines.

 The methods known at present relate to the gasifiers of heavy fuels, naphtha, fuel oil, gas oil, or even gasoline, and directly use exhaust gases, to gasify the fuel of the engines on which these methods are likely others installed.

 Their volumes, their anticipated weights, their cost of renouncing industrialization, makes all these processes difficult to carry out and expensive, to consider their installation on modern gasoline engines. In addition, it does not make it possible to carry out simply and at all "essential" heating degrees, the controlled gasification of an intake fluid mass (oxidizer + fuel) sufficient for the proper functioning of non-polluting petrol engines.

 The process according to the present invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks, by making it possible for the installation to choose the best temperature for the intake gases. To do this, the present invention relates to an anti-pollution and economizer device mechanically adaptable to an internal combustion engine, operating from an oxidizer-fuel emulsion characterized in that it comprises at least one heat transfer tube (4 ) to transfer to a thermal enclosure (2) the heat collected by bringing one of its ends into contact with the exhaust pipe (7) of the internal combustion engine, the thermal enclosure heating the mixture coming from a enclosure (1) for expansion of the emulsion from the carburetor and an enclosure (3) for stabilization and homogenization of the heated mixture in the thermal enclosure, in direct communication with the engine intake.

 According to one embodiment, the other end of the heat transfer tube opens into the thermal enclosure.

 According to another embodiment, the heat transfer tube is in contact or embedded in the wall of the thermal enclosure, the latter having a shape capable of giving the mixture a laminar flow along the walls of this enclosure.

 The invention also relates to a device as described above, in which the enclosure (3) for stabilization and homogenization of the heated mixture is adjacent to the enclosure (1) for detent emulsion from the carburetor. .

 In a variant, the stabilization and homogenization enclosure (3) little> - Besides confused with the engine intake pipes. Finally, the device according to the invention may also include a means for preheating (o) the heat transfer tube.

 This choice is made by adjusting the contact surface between one end of the heat transfer tube and the exhaust pipe of the petrol engine.

 Each engine equipped with this process operates with its own maximum efficiency.

 The economizer antipolluter for petrol engine, whose operating principle is identical for all engines (petrol) is of simple and robust design.

 Its installation on petrol engines, requires only an elementary workforce, at the stage of the 1st degree of intervention.

 This process is made up of static parts. it has a high resistance to wear, and exceptional aptitudes for its functioning in endurance. Its reliability is at least equal to that of the petrol engine on which it is installed.

 During the operation of the internal combustion engine equipped with this process, the mixture coming from the carburetor is transformed into hot gas, in a thermal enclosure, before its admission into the cylinders. This gas has very favorable thermal and polynuclear characteristics, in order to very significantly improve the performance of said engine operating on petrol.

Pollution function
- I1 makes it possible to obtain a very low residual fluid mass of unburned exhaust. That is to say, no longer or almost not containing carbon monoxide (Co).

 The values which may otherwise be recorded, during the detection of pollutants, will be far below the values tolerated by the national and international standards currently in force. That is to say very clearly less than 1 g at 750 rpm.

Economizer function
This process makes it possible to prepare and promote the total or almost complete ignition of the fluid mass (in the state of hot gas) introduced into the cylinders. To achieve this, it modifies the fluid mass on admission by expanding it sufficiently so that the volume of fuel admitted into the cylinders remains less than that found on the engine, not equipped with the method according to the present invention.

 In addition, the temperature at the exhaust is varied, followed by a temperature variation at the intake source.

From this it results,
- a significant trek decrease in the amount of fuel consumed.

Depending on the variant of the process chosen, the saving thus achieved can reach 10% over 15, -, compared to the consumption which can be measured on the motor heads, not fitted with the economizer.

I1 is also noted an increase in the nervousness of the engine
equipped with this process.

These improvements result
a) Better input of entropy, linked to better transfer of misses
fluidics:
- quality of the AIR + ChRBIBUdi mixture?
- volume
- intake source and exhaust temperatures closely
related in their evolution during the operation of the engine to
various schemes.

- speed
b) Better production of entropy during the evolution of the defla-
gration in the cylinders.

c) Optimal adaptation of the operating temperatures, for each
gasoline engine, equipped with the process according to the present invention.

These temperatures, evolving but well controlled during the evolutions,
allow to obtain a better performance during the operation of
so-called petrol engines.

The antipolluting saver according to the present invention is composed of
two main parts:
A heat tube studied and produced specially for the present invention
tion. I1 allows transfer to the intake pipe of heat energy
recovered from the wetness exhaust pipe. This without significant modification
of the latter. One end of this tube can simply be attached to the other
exhaust pipe, using two hose clamps. Other variants
adaptation of the heat tube are allowed by the motor mimics it.

The amount of heat to be transferred to the process according to this
invention, comes from the exhaust of the engine or the engine itself.

 An economizer antipolluter, according to the various versions represented by the diagrams annexed to the present patent application.

 Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows.

 These characteristics given by way of example are not limiting.

the Fir. 1: represent two views in elevation sections and view of sessus as well
2 and 3 that a view of the exhaust pipe receiving one end of the tube
heat transfer of the apparatus according to the present invention
(variant 1) your Fig. 4 represent two views in elevation sections and top view as well
5 and 6 as an overview including the flow thermal enclosure
laminar, and the heat tubes tightened by two collars on the
exhaust pipe.

Figs. 7 and 8: Represent a top view and we cut the device
according to the present invention (variant 3).

The variant 1 anti-polluting agent is made up of the two parts described in the preceding paragraphs and comprises four main elements described below.
- an emulsion chamber (1)
- a thermodynamic enclosure (2) (for one of the variants this in
girdle consists of a venturi to
laminar flow)
- an enclosure for stabilizing the fluid mass at the intake (3)
- a thermal power transfer tube (4)
The method of Figures 1 and 2 is fixed to the motor (6) using the flange (5).

 The variable length heat tube (4) has two ends. One of these ends is axially connected in the thermal enclosure (2), the other end is buttocked using the tube (8) on the exhaust pipe (7) of the engine (6). In the absence of the tube (8), this end of the heat tube can be fixed to this same exhaust pipe, by two simple clamps. The length of the end of the heat tube introduced into the cylinder (8) determines the heat exchange surface, therefore the amount of heat transferred into the thermal enclosure (2).

 A new exhaust pipe including the tube (8) can be produced.

Its design will result from the version of the economizer antipolluter retained.

 The lines of the enclosures (1), (2) and (3) are functionally linked together.

during the suction phase of a gasoline engine cylinder
- the fuel + oxidizer mixture from the carburetor is introduced
in the enclosure (1) then in the enclosure (2) where it is raised to a
temperature above 500 C. During his stay in the enclosure
thermal (2), the mixture is transformed into hot gas.

 the ie ce of the enclosure (2) the gas mixture is hot is expanded before its introduction into the enclosure (3). The enclosure (3), of a slightly lower volume than that of the enclosure (-2), is separated from the enclosure (1) by a single wall intended to allow heat exchange between these two enclosures.

Therefore the hot gases arriving in the enclosure (3) are cooled in contact with the wall of the enclosure (1).

- a slight cooling of the hot gases before their admission into the cylinders is necessary, for two reasons
1 for better filling of the cylinders with sufficient quantity of
rich blend.

 2 to obtain an optimum temperature of the intake gases. This temperature is controlled by the evolution of the temperature of the exhaust gases.

This improvement is produced by the thermal feedback from the heat tube. Hence a better efficiency laying the functioning of the petrol engine.

 The enclosure (3) makes it possible to receive gaseous additives; those from reniflar for example.

 The other functions fulfilled by the original intake pipe are maintained. Except for the circulation of water which becomes optional.

 The process described above can be carried out according to other variants.

The characteristics of the engine (displacement, number of revolutions / minute etc.), as well as the mechanical adaptation of the exhaust and intake pipes, determine the choice of the variant of the process according to the present invention.

 It will best suit the purpose. That is to say, reduction of pollution and reduction of fuel consumption.

 The characteristics of a preheating means (9) are obtained by heating the heat transfer tube by an electrical means supplied from the battery.

 This device, energized for a very short time, allows the thermodynamic enclosure (2) to be artificially reheated before the engine is started. This allows a good start in very cold weather and in very unfavorable air humidity conditions. Several versions of this device are possible.

 The economizer antipolluter according to the present invention is designed to be suitable for all engines running on petrol. Only the adaptations and mechanical fixings will be specific to the latter.

 The economizer antipolluter takes place between the engine on which it is fixed and the carburettor of which it is the support. Depending on the variant chosen for an engine considered, this process replaces the original intake pipe, or else it adapts perfectly to the latter or even to the inlet of the intake pipes of the engine cylinder head, if the latter is modified.

 The volumes of the various thermal enclosures can be calculated according to the specific characteristics of the petrol engine. Thus the formula below, which is not applicable for all variants, is given by way of example.

 island allows to calculate the best diameter, therefore the volume of the thermal enclosure. This ensures a supply ton of the cylinders, at all engine speeds.

for a displacement engine (c) of 2000 cc,
- intake manifold diameter D = 32 mm,
- of maximum engine torque at oco t / mq,
- volume of gas required and available to transfer 1.5 times the
displacement, the formula is # enclosure = 1.5 x C2 # D 10-3 = # in millimeters (maximum).

V
For the above characteristics # = 64 millimeters (maximum).

 For engines whose speed at maximum torque is greater than 3000 rpm, the volume of gas to be produced 1.5C at a speed considered must be increased to twice the displacement C.

 This formula is empirically established. It was defined following results obtained in the dratique.

According to the first variant FIG. 1 and 2 the means for bringing the oxidizer + the fuel to the state of hot gas, consists of a new intake pipe which is composed:
- an emulsion chamber which receives petrol sprayed in very fine droplets and the air coming from the petrol carburetor.

- a cylindrical thermodynamic enclosure or in another form well suited to the goal
- of ur. heat transfer tube, one of its two ends is fixed axially in the above thermodynamic enclosure. The other end being fixed in direct contact with the exhaust pipe of the petrol engine.

The surface of this contact determines the amount of heat to be transferred into the thermal enclosure. This amount of heat will change according to the operating speeds of the petrol engine. This development will be captured by the thermal enclosure which will modify its heating power.

- a hot gas stabilization enclosure. The purpose of this enclosure
to limit the expansion of the gases before their admission into the cylinders.

Thus ensuring a good filling of these, to maintain the
gasoline engine efficiency at or above the value
of origin.

According to the second variant FIG. 4, 5 and 6 a new intake pipe which consists of:
- a single enclosure, with a volume slightly greater than
that of the original intake pipe. This enclosure allows simul
temporarily heating and expansion of the air + petrol mixture
coming from the carburetor. This enclosure includes a window mass
allowing the laminar flow of the mixture. Depending on the variants,
this mass is rectangular or circular designed for this
invention.

 A heat tube having substantially the same thermal characteristics as those defined for the first version above. Only the heat exchange mass of this tube introduced into the mass to between above, is modified.

 Its shape results from the temperature necessary, for transformation into hot gas, of the air + gasoline mixture, during its passage through the orifices of the heat exchange mass, from this end of the heat tube. The evolution of the exhaust gas temperature is followed by a temperature evolution, and in the ndme sense, of the intake source (mixture).

For example, several tests carried out with this process equipping a gasoline engine with 11 fiscal CV, have tarnished to note:
- without economizer anti-pollution: Co = 2% 'at 750 rpm
- with antipollution according to this invention: Co = 0.20% Corrected Co =
consumption at 90 km / h - Steady speed: 2 liters of fuel
for 28 Xm 700 traveled.

The third variant Fig. 7 and 8 is different from the two previously described by:
- the arrangement of emulsion or gasification chambers (chamber
The goal remains the same. Ie very reduction
sensitive to CO pollution and fuel consumption on
petrol engines depending on the version produced.

A large number of variants of this process can be carried out. Their adaptation can be acquired on various engines running on petrol and of the following type
- motor vehicles
- motorcycles
- stationary motors
The design of the process according to the present invention results from the - original, mechanical and operating characteristics of the petrol engine, which must receive it.

 Some of these processes, depending on the degree of heating selected, allow the use of other fuels, on engines running on petrol.

Methyl alcohol, GAS-OIL etc. ...

For this certain adaptations of the carburetor or of the notor himself are made necessary
These adaptations are well known today by automotive technicians.

The industrial application of this invention takes into account the production of two main parts:
1 A heat transfer tube, the thermal power of which is
capable of transferring into an intake pipe, is a function of cara @
specific characteristics of the petrol engine on which it is installed.

This tube is made of conductive metal resistant to corrosives used in the composition of petrol.

 Covered over its entire length not useful for heat exchange with a refractory product. This tube can be made in one or more pieces. This according to the convenience of thermal adjustment or mounting desired.

20 A new intake pipe which will be installed in place of the
original pipe. This intake pipe will be made in one
foundry piece. Mu mount, it will easily receive 11 end
of the heat transfer tube which will take place in the thermal enclosure.

30 Some variants of the heat tube may be directly
suitable for original intake pipes.

Claims (9)

1 - Process incorporated in internal combustion engines characterized in that it allows  pn response time heat exchange, by static regulation between  the heat released downstream of combustion and the intake fluid  for the preparation of an air fuel mixture having characteristics  evolutionary semi-heterogeneous characteristics adapted to each diet of  motors, causing them to behave as a system  under the quadruple aspect of the regulation of combustion efficiency,  spreading the engine torque reserve, fuel economy  and a significant reduction in residual pollutants in the exhaust. 2 - Process according to claim 1 characterized by the possibility that it  offer for the realization of moteuis whose operation takes  the aspect of an autonomous regulation system operating from  three temperatures; those of ambient air, of the intake mixture  measured before crossing the inlet valve orifice and  of, the exhaust whose fluctuations are faithfully transferred from  downstream upstream of combustion, the latter two allowing  engines to operate using a mixture with aptitudes  particular to produce good deflagration and combustion of  this almost complete mixture in the engine cylinders. 3 - Method according to the preceding claims, characterized in a variant  because it allows the regulation of double effect evaporation in  poured of the mixture passing through a thermal enclosure ditherme, polytherme  as the case may be, adapted to operate at all engine speeds  internal combustion, achievable in a new pipe or tubing  intake or by transformation of existing tubing on  engines already industrialized; the latter being forced to  operate at different combustion levels than the original,  also allowing the evolution of certain mechanical adjustments, prohibited  previously, inter alia, bur the ignition, the delays. climbs and  angles, formed by the valves, the richness of the mixture, as well as on  the design of new explosion chambers. 4 - Anti-polishing and economizing device according to the claims  2 and 3 mechanically adaptable to an internal combustion engine, function  from a fuel-oxidizer emulsion characterized by  what he understands.  direct with the engine intake.  sation of the heated mixture in the thermal enclosure, in communication  carburetor, and an enclosure (3) for stabilization and homogeny  from an enclosure (1) for relaxing the emulsion from the  of the internal combustion engine, the thermal enclosure heating a mixture  contact of one of its ends on the exhaust pipe (7)  a thermal enclosure (2) the heat collected by the implementation  At least one heat transfer tube (4) for transferring to 5 - Device according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in  variant, in that the other end of the transfer tube  heat flows into the thermal enclosure. Heat transfer  is calculated on the basis of the transport of a minimum power of  200 W / Cm2 for a heat tube, and a response time of this  the latter can wait 2 seconds for a rise in temp4-  instantaneous erasure of the contact point of 10 C for a heat pipe  operating at nominal power and opposing phenorrens  much lower inertia than tubing  intake and exhaust. 6 - Device according to claim 4 characterized in that the tube  heat transfer medium is in contact or embedded in it. wall of  the thermal enclosure, the latter having a shape capable of giving  to the mixture a laminar flow along the walls of this  pregnant. 7 - Device according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in  what the enclosure (3) for stabilization and homogenization of the  heated mixture is adjacent to the pressure reduction enclosure (1)  the emulsion from the carburetor. 8 - Device according to claims 4 and 5 characterized in that  the enclosure) o stabilization and homogenization is confused  with engine intake pipes. 9 - Device according to one of the preceding claims characterized in  which it further comprises a means for preheating (9) the tube  heat transfer, which can reach its temperature  maximum in nominal operation in less than 20 seconds.