FR2476002A1 - Illumination and long range warning light unit for motor vehicles - uses low power filament lamp, curved reflector and translucent plate providing even intensity distribution over large area - Google Patents

Abstract

The assembly comprises lamps to both illuminate the space ahead of the vehicle to provide driver visibility, and to indicate the presence of the vehicle to pedestrians or other vehicles. The warning lamps are installed in an assembly which runs the full width of the vehicle and includes turn indicator lamps (9) and parking lamps (6,7,8). A central lamp (4) has a V-shaped or domed diffuser to throw reduced illumination to the sides of the vehicle to provide illumination round corners and at intersections. The remainder of the width is taken up with fluorescent tubes (3,5) or linear array of low brightness filament lamps. A reflector is used to concentrate the light and a diffuser at the face prevents glare, especially in adverse weather so providing low glare warning of the vehicles presence at a great distance.

Description

- COMPLEX DESCRIPTION OF LIGHTING RAT # ONNEL ON ROAD & S # GNAL # SAT # ON SECURE # TE
in V # LLE for ALL AUTOMOB VEHICLES # MOTORCYCLES & CYCLES
The Highway Code has imposed, for several years, on certain Categories of Vehicles circulating during the day: Bus circulating in the opposite direction,
Military Vehicles, Motorcycles, to further improve their signaling by driving in "codes". This measure seems to have given satisfactory results = health, without significant discomfort, including in the event of imperfect adjustment of the headlights.

 This measure has recently been extended to all Vehicles, Motorcycles circulating at night in the city, including in the Arteres and Avenues lit up a giorno.This unexpected extension - and applicable, surcrott, in its experimental phase, throughout the territory national, seems to have been taken without sufficient prior studies and in particular without proper consultation of interested parties and authorized circles. More specifically, Doctors in Medicine Specialists in Ophthalmology on the one hand, Automobilisz = tes confirmed on the other hand . Some Associations have considered this obligation = opportune, particularly with regard to Pedestrian Safety, provided that the headlights are properly adjusted. However, sovereign experience attests that this adjustment - although formally imposed for more than half a century by the Highway Code - remains precarious, It is indeed a function of the number and especially of the weight of the occupants of the front and rear seats, the flexibility of the suspension etc. It is difficult, but possible to remedy this state of affairs .But glare remains inevitable at points of change of slope of the roadway, at the exit of parking lots and underground passages, i.e.

as soon as the horizontal axis of the vehicle forms an angle α# 0 or # a few degrees of right angles.

 The obligation to drive in "codes" at night in built-up areas cannot therefore be considered correct a priori * What is more, it does not seem to take proper account of physiological realities, immutable by definition and, more particularly, of the physiology of the environment. human eye.

It is not, however, neither possible nor desirable to return purely = simply to the status as ante. Better signaling of vehicles and people becomes essential, taking into account the increasing density of traffic requiring itself very high authorized speeds s 40 km / h in Japan and in almost all of the United States, 50 km / h in Great Britain, 60 km / h in France and European countries, which is correct
= lays at distances traveled respectively of Il meters, 14 meters and = T meters per second, so a vehicle driver only has
2 seconds to stop and stop if a Pedestrian falls on the road 40 meters from his car while in Tokso he would have more than 3 seconds.

The ideal light signaling for Vehicles should have a set of perfectly contradictory characteristics, and it should be both:
visible to several hundred meters it takes 5 to 10 seconds for a pedestrian to cross a street. He must therefore see without possible confusion the Ucodes "of a car which will reach its height at the same time, for a speed of 60 km / h, when it is still more than 200m)
low gloss (so as not to dazzle)
.high luminance (in order to properly light the atmosphere).

the device which is the subject of the invention tends to achieve an acceptable and beneficial compromise between these contradictory requirements. To this end, the greatest possible account has been taken of the conditions of night vision, from which it is impossible to derogate significantly, including by mandatory administrative acts, under penalty of consequences or serious accidents. is how the retina should not be considered simply as a simple receiver-transmitter of "rays" of light. It actually receives light fluxes constituted by "photons". And it is according to this quantum structure of light that the overall intensity of the fluxes of pho = = tones emitted by the light sources of vehicles and machines - especially in winter at peak hours - and their spread at the source for a luminance must be determined:
- correct ambient lighting, but
- non-blinding or only annoying.

 the minimum luminances to which the human eye is sensitive when it is placed in the best possible conditions, i.e. in the total absence of point light sources in the visual field in particular, is very low, as it is said below page 5 lines 27 et seq.

The summary elements of physiology retained here seemed Indian = thinkable to justify more logically and more concretely the original characteristics of the device which is the subject of the invention)
The sensitive retina, receptor for photons, covers the large hemo = posterior mishere of the eyeball. The optic nerve, comprising more than 500,000 fibers, flourishes over this entire surface. Each of these optical fibers corresponds to several hundred visual fibers: The retina presents, in the optical axis of the eye, a circular range of approximately 3 ms in diameter: the yellow spot or macula. At the center of this is a small depression: the fovea centralis @ 2
or foveola, the surface of which does not exceed I
The cones, numbering around 6,000 *,000, are the only ones present in the
focea.These are the cells of daytime vision, in tri-color.
terms, there are 3 kinds of cones sensitive to the 3 colors respectively
fundamental :: blue, green, red.The fovea is the most sensitive part of
the macula, itself more sensitive than the peripheral retina.
the density of the cones allows the normal eye to appreciate an apparent #, says
"separable minimum", the reverse of which is the separating power of the eye
or visual acuity. This is equal to the (one minute angle).
--graphs and surveyors commonly read maps, blueprints, plans
cadastral to the nearest I / IOe of a millimeter Another example: when an observer
look at a 1m pedestrian, 80 to 10 meters away, it is seen under a
1.80
angle of 10 = 0.18 radian. The distance from the optical center of the eye to the
fovea being I7 millimeters, the height of the image is therefore 0.18x17 = 3mm
the diameter of the macula. The cones having a = 5, the size of the ima =
= ge corresponds to an alignment of 600 cones. (fig.I)
The sticks, 20 times more numerous - I20,000,000 - are distributed over
the back hemispherical half of the retina, except at the point of development
optic nerve (punctum coecum or blind spot).
very uneven, because if an observer stares at daylight, a few
meters away, a Pedestrian on the street, at a bus stop for example,
he can recognize it by the details of his clothes, the color of his crava =
= te, with the features of his face. If this observer, still staring at the Pedestrian,
c.ad. without changing the direction of his gaze, draws his attention to the
circulation of Vehicles on the roadway, Passers-by on the sidewalk,
only perceives imprecise optical information, little or no chroma point
= ticks. If he has the same experience in night vision, his information
will essentially be reduced to the perception of light paths
"codes". Everything happens as if the protagonists of the obligation
current "night city codes" were limited to observations
similar, imprecise, likely to be tainted by subjec elements =
= tifs and, therefore, dangerously erroneous.

Quantitative studies of visual acuity of the peripheral retina =
= riques were also carried out by eminent Professors in Ophthalm = myology both in daytime vision and night vision and, ipso facto, with
confirmed experimental methods and the critical study of curves and
abacuses established in decimal or semi-logarithmic coordinates.
of these Studies which will here confirm the quantitative findings
= summarized above lines 20 to 29.

 A small luminous range, with variable luminance, is observed under an apparent diameter of 20. This will be the case if its # # 20cm and if it is located 6 meters away from the observer. Firstly, its brightness is fixed at 5.00O or 6,000 lumens. Secondly, and after longer and longer periods: 10 seconds, 20 seconds etc, the luminance of the range is reduced to its smallest noticeable value.

The subject is invited to look at it. The luminance is increased to the perceptible threshold of the moment. The times and the values of the light thresholds are plotted on a semi-logarithmic grid graph. The times spent in darkness, expressed in seconds , are plotted on the abscissa (decima scale = = le). Threshold luminances, expressed in lumens, are plotted on the ordinate (logarithmic scale). A suitable number of observations makes it possible to plot, not one, but two curves
- a foveal vision curve (vf)
- a peripheral retinal vision curve (vp) (fig. 2a) depending on whether the subject receives the front image in the optical axis, to within t 10, or obliquely to this axis from angles α such as 5 # α# 60
This experimental study allows us to conclude that there are two kinds of receptors in the retina. One, the most sensitive, is constituted by the connes of the fovea. The other, less sensitive, is constituted by the rods of the peripheral retina. The foveal receptor corresponds to the luminous efficiency curve in daytime photopic vision. The peripheral retinal receptor defines the efficiency curve in scotopic vision (dark or nighttime). Examination of the data makes it possible to determine the quantity = sharply: the minimum perceptible luminance threshold at the level of the fovea
variations in peripheral retinal visual acuity.

 The minimum luminance threshold to which the eye is sensitive is very low. It corresponds to a wavelength of 5,000 (50nm) at 5 to 10 photons acting on Imm2 of> peripheral retina, ie on 5 to 10 rods per square millimeter retina.

 The maximum visual acuity is reached at the level of the fovea. It is, by definition, equal to unity. It is no more than 0.5 (500 thousandths) for a viewing angle 3 = 450 corresponding to a field visual of 900 only = = ment.Elle tends to 0 (25 thousandths) at the periphery of the retina felt rible which corresponds to the maximum visual field is I400. However....

"In reality, this concept of visual acuity is very complex, because others
"factors intervene like the size of the object, the contrast of lumi =
"= nance between the object and its environment, the luminance level of this
"environment and observation time". (Fig.2b maximum curve).

The physiology of the human eye: campimetry, day and night visual accommodation mechanism used here to criticize "the current state of the art" in terms of city traffic on the one hand, justify the need to adopt more advanced regulatory provisions in this area and the advantages of the device which is the subject of the invention on the other hand have been drawn from the most authorized sources, in particular the "Biophysical Abstract" by Messrs. A. BERTRAND Maître de Cenfé - = rences Agrégé, D. DUCASSOU Mattre de Conférences Agrégé, JC-HEALY Master of
Associate Conferences, J.ROBERT University Professor. These Professors and
Martres - whose most qualified Road Safety Technicians can only be the Abductors - express themselves in their Foreword:
"This Biophysics Abstract is primarily intended for Students of
"CDR (They) will find in this Abstract the essential foundations of the
"Medical Biophysics ..... This Abstract must:
- allow the acquisition of Definitions, Elementary Notions and Laws
"general of Biophysics, ie of Physics applied to Life
- allow to understand and better assimilate the major mechanisms
"= Physiology and the techniques used by doctors
"fluent"
The conclusion of the chapter relating to the accommodation of this book, reproduced on the previous page lines 37 to 40, relates only to the acco = = modation in a static environment, ie in conditions much more favorable = night traffic in the city, which is dynamic and, moreover, dangerous, both for pedestrians and for drivers of
Vehicles.In daytime traffic, Drivers and Pedestrians are generally in a very high light environment: on a day of bright sun, the light = fixedly attela its maximum with 100,000 lux, while in night vision and by moonlight it is no more than 0s2 lux, half a million times less. But physiologically the phenomenon of accommodation, in night vision in particular and also visual acuity, depend on the "contrast of luminance between the object and its environment, (of) the level of luminance of this environment and (of) the time of observation "as it is said in the abovementioned conclusion. Numerous observations made it possible to note that a lighting of environment - ie . whose light sources are located outside the visual field of the Drivers and Pedestrians - would be satisfactory as soon as its intensity would be of the order of ten lux. Conversely, if the recent regulation of "City Codes" has for the purpose of rendering
Vehicles and "two wheels" more identifiable - which is obvious - it is at the expense - and dangerously at the expense - of visual acuity in the whole field of vision of Drivers and Pedestrians A single bright spot, or even both pharea -codes of a single car crossed in open country, bring only a momentary discomfort, further reduced if the Driver has the reflex to close or obscure an eye.In urban traffic on the contrary, mainly in winter during peak hours from 6 to 8 hours and from I7 to 20 hours when snow, rain or fog frequently worsen visibility conditions, uninterrupted lines of cars circulate in both directions, almost bumper against bumper The eyes of the Con = doctors perceive, snuttively and without respite, the images of tens, hundreds of "cedes" which sweep the macula and the peripheral retina in a horizontal plane passing through the optical ase of the eye. glare becomes permanent due to "the blurring of the field of vision" caused by "the halos of capillary rayoms" emitted by the current "codes", of largely outdated design. In these flickering phenomena everything happens as if "the images of the luminous points were amplified by compared to their geometrical dimensions ". The retina being, from surcrottsde less and less sensitive from the macula towards its periphery, loses again its weak residual acuity at night in a visual field reduced to I000 or 120 (Fig.2b small curve). in short, the amplified images of aureoles of capillary rays ", striking a constantly congested retina, automatically cause its permanent and almost total blindness.

The experimental verification of the above must take into account the sensorimotor mechanisms of vision. It can be schematically summarized as follows. A control camera is equipped with an aperture objective equal to unity (f = I The experiment is carried out in a 2-way urban lane with medium general lighting-The photos are taken with an anti-halo film with very high sensitivity. The operator, having sat in a car next to the driver, takes 3 sets of photos with a single peso time: to 1 / 100th of a second for example
I - at full opening (f = I) with zero circulation (at 3 a.m.)
20- at full opening (f = I) with medium density circulation, the
Cars driving with all lights off (Drivers warned)
30- to (f = 4) with traffic of the same density, Cars traveling
in correctly adjusted headlamps.

The 30 series of views must indeed be taken with a corrective diaphragm in order to respect the principles of the experimental method. In the present case, the Driver's pupil will have, during the first 2 series of vuoS, a # # 4mm. During the 3rd series, the halos of capillary rays, the luminance of the codes will cause a reduction in the diameter of the pupil is # - 2.The flow of photons admitted as reverse of the square of the diameters, 4 will be more than 22 / 42 = = 1/4 or a quarter of what it would have been if the
The diameter of the pupil remained equal to what it was when the first two series of images were taken. This last series shows that the objects
The most lateral vehicles and pedestrians are clearly less perceptible or barely perceptible. This only qualitative experiment will have to be subject to rigorous quantitative measurements which remain essential in order to determine with precision the exact effective characteristics of the device which is the subject of the invention It also gives results = - states still far too favorable as to the attempts to justify the annoyances, useless and dangerous current provisions tending to impose = = ser "codes in town" in night traffic in the sense that the sensitive = the ASA degree of any photographic film is obviously constant from its axis of symmetry towards the edges (which is, moreover, a criterion of elementary quality) while retinal sensitivity, especially in night vision, falls vertically from the macula towards the periphery, rising from
1,000 thousandths to 25 thousandths or 40 (forty) times less. (Fig.2b)
xx
The device which is the subject of the invention tends to improve the reciprocal optical and visual signaling between all the Users of the
Road
- in Rural Traffic, by efficient visible light (orange yellow) and without shadow zones of the Tracks and their surroundings, on the whole field of vision of the Drivers of Vehicles and Engines on the one hand,
- in Urban Traffic: a) by efficient, non-dazzling Signaling Lighting, not restricting the effective field of vision of other Users, without bright spots emitting capillary rays,
b) by an optical identification of all Vehicles, Pedestrians, Obstacles, Permanent or occasional Traffic Signs (Highway Code, Temporary sites) located in the normal visual field of Drivers on the other hand.

The Road Lighting Light Sources consist of the
Classic headlights: two fixed lateral headlights (classic mounting) and, in addition, an adjustable axial headlight. These headlights, as well as the light sources for signaling in urban traffic whose characteristics are specified below, are integrated into the device. subject of the invention.

The Signaling Light Sources will be designed or installed differently depending on whether it is to equip:
- Existing, new or used Vehicles, Cars and "two Wheels"
- the same means existing only during the course of the project or prototypes.

They will consist of translucent surfaces or tubes, curved or recti = = lines, but of a general aspect making them identifiable without risk of mistake or error. (For comparison, the shape in equilated triangle = ral is reserved for Panels Road Signs and prohibited all other generally any signs installed along the
Communication.)
The luminous flux emitted by the Signaling Sources in visible light (3 * 900 A at 7.800) will have a maximum luminance as close as possible to the "minimum perceptible luminance threshold" affected by an experimental safety factor taking into account in particular the distance minimum visibility security, of the order of the hectometer. The translucent surface of the
Sources - to twist the square decimetre - will be this fact, clearly better perceived than the conventional pilot lights (whose effective roll is and remains that of "parking lights" not annoying) but without causing the unacceptable annoyance of the nphares-codes the best rules.

 The photon flux emitted by Signaling Sources in non-visible light - black light - will have a density at most equal to their natural intensity in sunlight in lowlands or at moderate altitude = = rée. The hygiene of the reins, the lengths of = = UV. issued will be in the contiguous area; or, as an indication, in the area of 3,800 A to 4,200 A. Their emission will make it visible - or more visible - all Vehicles, Obstacles, Traffic Signs and also Cyclists and Pedestrians respectively presenting surfaces or accessories fluorescent luminescent clothing.

x
xx
A first embodiment of the device which is the subject of the in = invention is shown, for information but not limiting by Figure 3
The elements of the device are embedded in a solid frame I taking the place of the vehicle's front bumper. Its rigidity and solidity are increased thanks to its triangular shaped AR profile (Fig. 4a) or in basket (Fig. 4b) for example. The protection of the device is further reinforced by conventional anti-shock shoes made of elastomer 2.

The two road lighting headlights 3 - with two modes: headlights / codes - are embedded in the frame I on either side of the shoes 2 either substantially with their conventional spacing but assisted by a third axial headlight 4, also with two lighting positions: headlights / codes and whose luminous flux illuminates in advance the direction that the vehicle will take. To this end, its rotation relative to its vertical axis is controlled by the rotation of the steering wheel of the Car through a learned = required linkage, similar to that of conventional movable headlights. For this purpose, its reflector has a circular base in order to ensure its rotation in its housing. The light seal of this axial headlight usefully sweeps the immediate path of the Vehicle especially when overtaking, in turns, at crossroads: the lit beach by the lateral headlights 3, shown in dashed lines, is increased by the range illuminated by the headlight 4, shown in dotted lines (Fig. 5). This is how the Driver of V will be able to better prepare = cier the space he has to overtake car A. He will see sooner - Cb much better - Cyclist C in the next turn as well as the Pedestrians at the Crossroads taken both to the left (PI) and to the right (P2).

Between each Lighthouse 3 and the central Lighthouse 4 are housed the Lighthouses
Fog 5, preferably with iodine lamps.

Between each Lighthouse 3 and the ends of the Frame are embedded s
. Turn signal lights 6
. Temporary stop lights 7 known as "Hazard lights" including
lamps will be distinct from those of Flashers 6
. Non-annoying Parking Lights 8
. Light sources for signaling in urban traffic 9.

These Sources constitute original elements of the device which is the subject of the invention. They are produced from headlights of conventional design with lamps 10, the filament of which is situated at the optical center of the reflector and the globe of which, suitably curved, is covered with a silver deposit II which returns the entire luminous flux emitted on the reflector 12 (Fig6). This in turn returns the light rays on the translucent glass ice 9 that its appreciable surface, of the order of 2 to 3 dm2 approximately and its luminance, soft and non-annoying, makes it perfectly visible and identifiable at several hundred meters, without flickering or dazzling bright spots emitting capillary rays
These are the Sources that must be constantly lit, both in
Day and night traffic, on Buses running in the opposite direction, Military Vehicles, Motorcycles and on all Vehicles subject to
Daytime optical signaling.

x
xx
A second embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention is shown, still by way of non-limiting indication, by FIG. 7
This mode will make it possible both to signal and to identify remotely Vehicles and Apparatus of size and size much larger than those of Passenger Cars: Coaches, Trucks, Semi-Trailers in particular.

These Vehicles will be equipped with the Device forming the subject of the invention (fig. 3) suitably sized i.e. whose length and width will be in harmony with the size of the vehicle considered. It will be completed by a luminescent tube constituting, in addition to a Source of
Complementary optical signaling, an immediate means of identifying important vehicles and vehicles.

 In this Tube, in translucent or frosted glass, Lamps of the "shuttle" type with opposite studs B5 are mounted in parallel with two metal supports 16 and 17. The conductor / lamp assembly is held rigid and fixed in the tube 14 by supports appropriate 18 so that the 4-conductor stud contacts are correct and the lamps are maintained in the chosen adjustment plane, ie substantially vertical. A waterproof cap 20 allows the replacement of the lamps (Fig. 9).

 The I4 tube thus equipped is fixed on the elastomer shoes 2 and towards the rear part of these which thus act both as anti-vibration supports and as bumpers for the tube itself (Fig. 8) .

 The switch 19 placed on the dashboard which already allows the commissioning of Signaling Sources 9 (fig.3), also ensures and simultaneously the commissioning of the tube I4 (Fig.10).

xx
The first two embodiments of the device which is the subject of the invention described above relate respectively to the signaling of:
. Passenger Cars - page 8 line 26 to page 9 line 33 on the one hand
Large vehicles: Coaches, Trucks, Semi-Trailers page 9 line 34 to page 10 line I9 on the other hand.

The third and fourth modes described below relate to the
Signaling of "2 Wheels", essentially:
on the one hand, small displacement motorcycles,
Large displacement motorcycles on the other hand.

 The third embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention is presented by way of non-limiting illustration in Figure II.

 I1 concerns Motorcycles with a single axial headlight.

 This axial headlight 22 and the optical signaling sources 23 are disnosed as indicated in the Figure. They are fixed independently on - the handlebars or, better, in a single frame 21 itself fixed on the handlebars.

The axial 22 headlight is of the classic type.
Signaling 23 have characteristics comparable, mutatis mutandis, to those of Sources 9 (fig. 3). They are in its rectangular principles the @@ @ r @@ @ ode of realization of the Device which is the subject of
the @@@@@@ ion @@@ pr @@ is, by way of nonlimiting indication, by Figure 12.

@ est dr @ ti @@ @ux @@@@@ large cubic capacity, say "Big Cubes",
@ é @ érale @@ more than @@ @@ and @ equipped with 2 Pheres-Route 22 (Fig. 12).

@@ o @ rl @@@ i @@@ @ @ @i @ lis @@ ion @@ is fixed between Lighthouses 22. @ e
surface @@ re @ tangular in principle and substantially double that of
for @@ @@ (fig. @ I). @ 'em @@ able @bares 22 / Source 25 is housed in Building 26,
de @ en @@ ption identical to that of Frame 21 (Fig. 11).

L @ addition, @@ Tube of @ i @@ alisation 2 @ of identical design to that
of Tube II (Fig. @) is arranged @@ u-des @@ s of the assembly (Fig. 12).

 The einenièm embodiment of the Device which is the subject of the Invention @@ t represented as a non-iterative i @ dicative in FIG. 13.

The third source of @@ ualisation is a Fluorescent Lamp @
cost @ v @ pe @ de @odiur type "@@@@ e pres @ io @" 28 installed in place of the Tube at l @@ pe @@ and of the same length as this one. It is supplied by Alternaiear la Voitare 29 through the Transformer
voltage booster @ 0 - 11/127 volts or 14/220 volts - climented in parallel with the storage battery 32 and its rectifier 81.

 This embodiment can be adapted to so-called "Gros Cules" @otocyclettes, the Sodiu lamp @ replaces @ Tabe 27 (fig.12) and @@ i @ entés according to the same diagram @@ (Fig.1 @ ).

x
xx
Figures II to 17 show other embodiments.

The Signal Sourres @ are larger and arranged between the @ hares-Codes 3 and the Fog Lights 5, the protective shoes 2 being fixed as shown (fig. 14) either in solid lines (to the left of the figure) either in dotted lines (right).

The Inminescent Tube with Soap Lamps It is paired with a Lamp
Fluorescent 1 @ in a protective casing cor @@ one in glass, quartz or @ plastic @ @. One of these Sources is then constantly in reserve and the chas @ es of breakdown if @ @ ltané practically zero. Fig. 15).

Signaling if visible in visible light and in bright light is provided, by way of nonlimiting indication, by a Sodium vapor lamp bulb type "low pressure" 36 with reflector 34 and a vapor lamp of
@reure "high pressure" 37 with reflector 35. The luminous fluxes pass respectively through the glass @@ frosted glass @ and the quartz glass 39 (Fig.16).

The general protection side window, if it exists, will have a glass surface 10 and a quartz surface 11 facing the glass 39.

(Fig. 17).

Claims (4)

- SELLS # CAT # ONS I - ÉCLA COMPLEX # RAGE RAT # ONNEL. ON ROAD AND S # GNA @ # S @ T # ON SAFETY # TE IN V # LLE for all Vehicles: Trucks, Cars, Motorcycles characterized by the fact that it includes, in addition to the classic lights, "SOURCES of S # GNAL # SAT # ON "constituted by a Lamp of reduced power whose filament is located in the optical center of a silver reflector convenahle @ment curved which returns, by distributing them uniformly, the light rays on a translucent Glass that its appreciable surface and its soft and non-annoying luminance make it perfectly visible and identifiable = several hundred meters away, without flickering or dazzling dazzling points by emission of capillary light rays, including in unfavorable atmospheric conditions. 9 - FLASH # RAGE COMTLEX according to Claim I characterized by the fact that the Signaling Sources are arranged laterally on either side of the AV face of the Vehicle @ - FLASH # RAGE COMPLEX according to Claim 2 characterized by the fact that the Signal Source Glass is square in shape 4 - SPARK COMPLEX # RAGE according to Claim 2 characterized by the fact that the Signal Source Glass is rectangular in shape. 5 - ÉCLA # RAGE COMPLEX according to Claim 2 - 3 or 4 characterized by the fact that the surface of the Signaling Glass is a few square decimetres. 6 - ÉCLA # RAGE COMTLEX for Large vehicles - in particular  Trucks, Passenger Cars towing a Caravan - whichever one  = conch of previous Claims characterized in that it  also includes a Soft Luminance Luminescent Tube, arranged horizontally  = horizontally and of length substantially equal to that of the Complex. 7 - ÉCLA # RAGE COMTLEX according to Claim 6 characterized by the fact that the Luminescent Tube is made of transparent material and inside  which are regularly distributed very low filament lamps  unit power, @ ontées in seric or in parallel, all together  directly powered by the Vehicle Acumulator Battery. 8 - CO PLEXE D'ÉCLA # RAGE according to Claim 6 or 7 characterized by  the Signal Tube is made up of a Lamp-Tube  Fluoresconte to Luminance soft ali @ entée on Courart @lternatif Basse  Voltage by the Vehicle Alternator: one of the Lamp's electrodes is connected "at a @ have" to the Diode-Rectifier @ ensuring the charge  run contiun from the Accu @ ulateurs Battery and this through  = diary of a step-up transformer TBT / ST, the other electro.  = of being "grounded". - ÉCLA # RAGE COMPLEX according to any one of the preceding claims  @tes characterized by the fact that an orientable lighthouse code is arranged  center of the Complex, in line with the Vehicle, and in solidarity with the management of it by a connecting device.  10 - ÉCLA # RAGE COMPLEX. according to any of the preceding claims  = teeth characterized by the fact that its Optical Elements are arranged  and symmetrically fixed in a single frame. II - ÉCLA # RAGE COMPLEX according to Claims 6 - 7 - 8 and 10 character  @ laughed by fnit @ue the Signal Tubes are fixed on the Protective elastomer clogs and sufficiently behind so that  said shoes act both as bumpers and as supports  Anti-vibration 12 - FLASH CO TLEX # RAGE according to Claims I - 9 - 6 - 7 and 8  characterized by the fact that the Light Signaling Sources Visible have a maximum Luminance as close as possible - and by  axcès - of the optical threshold of vision called "Threshold of Luminance Minima Perceptible ", this threshold corresponding to a Flus + received by the OE # L Hinitain  between 5 and 10 Photons per square millimeter of Peripheral Retina - - RADIATION COMTLEX # RAGE according to Claims I - G - 7 - 8 and I2  characterized by the fact that the Photon Flu emitted by the Sources of Non-Visible Light Signaling - known as Black Light - are of  relative density close to that in Solar Light in plain or in  moderate altitude, their wavelengths # being in the area  contiguous to that of the Violet Rays, which is approximately 3,800 <# <4,200.  Their emission, both qualitative and quantitative, is adjusted by their  passage through the walls of Lamps-Tubes and Glaces des Sources  Signaling and Protection whose composition is close to  that of @OOD Filters and suitable tenear in Nickel Oxide so  to make all Vehicles perfectly visible and identifiable,  otocycles, Cycles and signal rings generally any  presenting Fluorescent Surfaces as well as Pedestrians, Workers of  Construction site wearing clothing or clothing accessories  fluorescent. 14 - ÉCLA COMPLEX # RAGE selor la Claim 10 characterized by the fact  that its Optical Elements are fixed in a Frame also making  Front Bumper function of the Vehicle, this Frame being suitably  fixed, associated or integrated into the Bodywork in order to preserve or improve  the elegance or the sobriety of the lines of the Cars or Vehicles  considered.  15 - ÉCLA COMPLEX # RAGE according to Claims 10 and 14 characterized by the fact that its Optical Elements are themselves protected against shocks  and bad weather has in front by a transparent safety glass in one or more elements, in particular a central element and two lateral elements a at the AR by a protective sheath resistant to impact and profile  ensuring the greatest resistance to deformation, in triangle or in  basket handle for example.  x  x X