FR2467555A1 - ADDITIVE FOR SMOKING TOBACCO - Google Patents

Abstract

at. Additive for tobacco products. b. Carbamide or an organic acid amide is added to tobacco. vs. This reduces the content of harmful substances in tobacco, in particular benzo-pyrene, other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosoamines and carbon monoxide.

Description

The present invention relates to an additive for

  smoking tobacco in order to lower the content of

cives of tobacco smoke.

  Among the essential harmful substances of tobacco smoke are the current state of our

  benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) and other hydro-

  polycyclic aromatic carbons (PAH) as well as N-nitrosamines Carcinogenic action of these substances

  seems to have no doubt. Among the compounds

  carcinogens that cooperate in synergy with the substances

  these carcinogens mentioned and especially with BaP,

  furthermore phenols. Another substance

  important source of tobacco smoke is car-

  bone (CO) that binds to the hemoglobin of the blood.

  According to the state of the art, we know

  number of processes for lowering the content of

  harmful effects of tobacco smoke, which processes have been at least partially used in practice. The cultivation of new types of tobacco made it possible to lower

  the proportion of condensed products of tobacco smoke.

  By a particular manure of the tobacco plants, it is possible to obtain a lowering of the proportion of condensed products and of N-nitrosamines. These measures give

  types of tobacco that are low in nicotine

  today, which, compared to other types, give less condensate when smoked and therefore also

  less harmful substances. But there are natural limits

  these biological processes and techniques

  farm. To further lower the

  harmful substances, therefore additional measures are needed

res.

  In particular, it was proposed to use a variety of

  very much, a scattering or dilution of the tobacco using

  of various substances and the use of paper

  air permeable porous garettes. We thus obtain

  core a lowering of the condensate content of tobacco smoke. But these dispositions are most often accompanied by a modification of the taste and a diminution of the exciting effect of tobacco smoke. That's why such cigarettes are not accepted by a big enough

number of smokers.

  Alternatively or as a supplement, the tobacco can be treated with additives, for example by nitrates, chlorates, citric acid and deuterium oxide and by heavy metals and

  precious or by their compounds. These processes are primarily

  It should be noted that all the proposed methods of treating tobacco with additives known up to now have very serious drawbacks or their effect is not resistant to critical examination. It has been found, for example, that a treatment of tobacco with citric acid does not give positive results. A deuterium oxide treatment is simply used to obtain a simulation of a reduction in the BaP content of tobacco smoke, since deuterated BaP appears more weakly in the processes.

  classical analysis. Nitrates are certainly

  commonly used as agents facilitating the ignition of tobacco, but have drawbacks

  danger of N-nitrosamine formation during pyrolysis

  lysis and are already banned in some countries. Treatment of the tobacco with precious metals or their compounds results in only a very small reduction in the content of the condensed products of tobacco smoke, without any particular lowering of the content of BaP and other PAHs. The high price of these substances used for treatment makes it more difficult

  in addition, an economical use of the process. A part

  of the substances studied for possible use for the treatment of tobacco is toxic and / or

  toxic volatile compounds when the tobacco is smoked.

  This is the case, for example, with nickel salts and

  copper, other heavy metals and their compounds.

  The invention relates to additives for smoking tobacco which can significantly reduce the content of harmful substances of tobacco smoke, especially the proportion of benzo (a) -pyrene (BaP), other

  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxy-

  carbon dioxide (CO) in particular being reduced when

  smokes tobacco products treated with this additive,

  say that the formation of N-nitrosamines is prevented, this

  additive that can be used economically

that and so on a large scale.

  The additive according to the invention is carbamide

and / or an organic acid amide.

  The smoking tobacco is treated by soaking with an aqueous solution, an emulsion or a dispersion of one or more of the additives, or

  projecting this solution, this emulsion or dispersion

  smoking tobacco or by coating this tobacco with

  smoke from this solution, emulsion or dispersion.

  In the search for non-toxic substances suitable for the treatment of tobacco, it has surprisingly been found that the treatment of tobacco with carbamide, diamide of oxalic acid and other organic acid amides results in a lowering. of

  the amount of harmful substances that far exceeds

  got him by products known so far. The Treaty-

  in particular causes a marked lowering of the

  in BaP as well as in carbon monoxide from the smoke of

  tobacco. Such a lowering of the content of

  significantly reduces the risk of altering one's health.

  run by the smoker, especially for the inveterate smoker me-

  cancer without having to modify

  draconic way his smoking habits.

  In the family of additives mentioned

  In the invention, carbamide is of particular importance. Carbamide is a physiological substance of perfect innocuity. No toxic effect of carbamide has ever been reported. Volatile pyrolysis products of carbamide simply produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) under tobacco smoke conditions. Even the biuret, which

  form, where appropriate, as an intermediate product,

  composes at the combustion temperatures of a cigarette, in the presence of water always present, in carbon dioxide

  and ammonia. Ammonia formed, however, settles

  obviously all of the substances that make up tobacco or their products of pyrolysis, because when you smoke tobacco treated with carbamide, you can not,

  even by the addition of more than 5% by weight of carbamide,

  freeze ammonia in the main stream of smoke.

  Tobacco treated with carbamide is for

  the essential perfectly neutral from the point of view of taste.

  Even minimal differences in taste can be masked

  easily by a corresponding flavoring of tobacco.

  In addition, the carbamide can be retained in an illi-

  put on tobacco without changing.

  The application of carbamide on tobacco or

  tobacco can be carried out without difficulty, even at large.

  because of the solubility in water of this compound.

  It is not necessary to provide a particular stage of the process in the usual treatment of tobacco. Carbamide may be added, for example during the moistening of the tobacco leaves before mincing or together with other additives during the subsequent treatment of the tobacco. A carbamide content of less than 10% by weight hardly changes the consistency of the tobacco fiber. Due to the solubility of the carbamide, the desired proportion of added carbamide, which is generally about a few percent, can be easily and precisely adjusted. The application of the diamide of oxalic acid and Other organic acid amides are more difficult because of the rather poor solubility of these substances. But for example, they can be crushed very finely and placed on the tobacco in the form of a dispersion or, where appropriate, under the

form of an emulsion.

  The amount of tobacco or only a part thereof can be treated with the additive. When onn '

  only a part of it, the proportion of additive

  the weight of tobacco is greater than when

  treats the total amount of tobacco.

  The use of the additives according to the invention for smoking tobacco in order to lower the levels of harmful substances that are formed when smoking tobacco is economical, the carbamide being in particular a product always accessible in sufficient quantities and at favorable prices. The rise in the price of a cigarette that takes the treatment according to the invention

  stays within bearable limits.

  It is believed that the mode of action, especially carbamide, for reducing the content of harmful substances in tobacco smoke is as follows: PAH and therefore also BaP are created during

  pyrolysis of tobacco by several intermediate stages

  res. A precursor of PAH consists of molecules

  having unpaired electrons that we call the

  dicaux. The ammonia formed during the pyrolysis of

  carbamide as well as the amino groups of the carbamide

  presumably lie on such radicals and

  the creation of part of PAH and BaP.

  In addition, tobacco treatment with carbamate

  also prevents at least partially the formation of

  N-nitrosamines when smoking cigarettes. N-

  nitrosamines can be formed by reaction of amines se-

  and tertiary, for example nicotine, on nitrous gases released by thermal decomposition of nitrates found in tobacco. In contrast, the primary amino groups and ammonia react with

  nitrogen. If, by the addition of carbons,

  a large excess of primary amino groups

  and ammonia, it can be expected that the nitrous gases preferentially react thereon. This significantly reduces the probability of N-nitrosoamine formation.

  Because of this mechanism of action,

  whose molecules contain amino groups

  organic and inorganic ammonium salts must be

  in principle lead to the same effects in certain

conditions that carbamide.

  The beginnings of explanations given on the effect of lowering the content of harmful substances provided by the carbamide are based on the prevailing radical theory of polycyclene formation, but of course do not put an end to the discussion. We found that

  the degradation of other polycyclenes may also occur

  in the same order of magnitude as that of benzo

  (A) pyrene. It is assumed that it is not only the ammonia released, but also the amino groups of the non-carbamide

  dissociated which contribute to the effects observed.

  The following examples illustrate the invention.

Example 1

  On a small amount of finely chopped tobacco, an aqueous solution of carbamide 5% by weight of carbamide is sprayed. At the same time, we project a single

  amount of distilled water on the same amount of the same tobacco.

  After drying both tobacco samples

  they have a moisture content of 12% by weight

  Viron, some hundreds of filter cigarettes are prepared using a hand-held machine. We condition these

  cigarettes after checking the weight of tobacco and

  to provide puffs according to DIN 10 244

  and 10,240 and these cigarettes are smoked by a machine.

  Crude condensates, carbon oxides in tobacco smoke and benzo (a) pyrene are then determined.

  in the condensed product of tobacco smoke. We do

  the determination of benzo (a) pyrene, after separation

  accidental accompanying substances, by fluoridation

  metric, by column chromatography and chromatography

Thin layer graph.

  The results of the tests show that the treatment of tobacco with 5% by weight of carbamide gives a statistically very significant reduction of benzo (a) pyrene of about 43% and of the crude condensate by about 20%, and presumably a decrease of oxide

  about 15% in tobacco smoke.

Example 2

  As in Example 1, two samples are prepared

  rather large chunks of fine minced tobacco. 30,000 cigarettes without filter are prepared from this machine by machine. They are then treated as described in Example 1. The results of the tests carried out on the cigarettes thus prepared show the decreases

  very significant from a statistical point of view

  tick: lowering of the benzo (a) pyrene content about 32% lowering of the crude condensed product about 5%

  lowering of carbon monoxide about 11%.

  It should be noted particularly in the examples that the treatment of tobacco in both cases gave a significant lowering of the BaP content of the condensed product of tobacco smoke. In contrast to a simple filtration which only quantitatively reduces the proportion of a condensed product of tobacco smoke, we have obtained

  in this case, in addition to a quantitative decrease in

  portion of the condensed product, a specific decrease

  the BaP content of the condensed product. As the

  nicotine neur of a cigarette is essentially proportional to the proportion of the condensed product, we obtain, by treating the tobacco by the carbamide, a lowering of the content of harmful substances more than

  proportional to the lowering of the nicotine content.

  Such an effect corresponds to the needs of the smoker.

Example 3

  We're doing tests on cigarette smoke -

  prepared from a moderately heavy commercial tobacco at the Battelle Institute of Frankfurt. One part of the tobacco is treated with 5% by weight of carbamide, while another part is treated in the same way by

  distilled water. The following cigarettes are selected

  before DIN standards and we smoke them. N-nitrososines are determined in the condensed product respectively

  volatiles: N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDKA), N-nitrate

  trosoethylmethylamine (NEMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPY). These substances can not be detected in the

tobacco itself.

  In the condensed product of tobacco smoke,

  bin, there is a statistically significant lowering caused by the carbamide of the

  these three substances. In a detailed way we de-

  ends for these lowering the following values:

- NDMA

  about 34% (based on the 1 g cigarette) of about 37% (based on 1 g of crude condensed product) -NEMA about 43% (based on the 1 g cigarette) about 41% (based on 1 g of crude condensed product) - about 22% NPY (based on the 1 g cigarette) about 24% (based on 1 g of crude condensed product) The lowering of the NDMA content is particularly important, since NDMA has the activity

  carcinogen the largest of all nitrosoamines.

  The effect found for NMA is certainly of less importance because of the low absolute concentrations of this substance. The relatively small lowering of the NPY content is likely to be attributed to

  the presence of N-nitroso-nornicotine (NNN) in the

  tank: NPY occurs when smoking tobacco containing NNN partially by thermal dissociation of NNN already present. -As carbamide probably can not

  destroy N-nitroso groups already present, but only

  partially prevent their formation, we can not

  expect a decrease in NNN and therefore a decrease in

  secondary treatment of NPY only for the proportion which was formed additionally during the combustion of tobacco and which, in relation to the total quantity, gives only one

small decrease value.

  l A NNN determination requires another analytical technique and therefore has not yet been planned

as part of this test.

  The following test is an example of an additive

  consisting of an amide of an organic acid.

Example 4

  We work as in Example 1, but in use

  reading, instead of a carbamide solution, an aqueous solution of the amide of the monoethyl ester of oxalic acid. The decrease in the benzo (a) pyrene content

is about 21%.

  The lesser effect could be that

$ 246755

  in the molecule of the additive there is a quantity more

  small amide only in the carbamide.

Claims (4)

  1) Smoking tobacco additive for lowering   the harmful substances content of tobacco smoke,   characterized in that it comprises carbamide and / or an amide of an organic acid.   2) Additive according to claim 1, characterized   in that it comprises one or more amides of aliphatic polycarboxylic acids   3) Additive according to claim 2, characterized   rised in that it comprises the diamide of oxalic acid   or the amide of the monoethyl ester of oxalic acid.   4) Method of treating smoking tobacco with   an additive according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized   in that it consists in soaking the smoking tobacco of an aqueous solution, an emulsion or a dispersion of one or more of the additives, to project this   solution, this emulsion or dispersion on the   smoking or coating tray of this smoking tobacco of this solu-   tion, emulsion or dispersion.