FR2458781A1 - Heat exchanger with inverted J tubes - has annular and central tube plates constituting prim. fluid inlet and outlet plates near opposite ends facilitating heat transfer - Google Patents

Heat exchanger with inverted J tubes - has annular and central tube plates constituting prim. fluid inlet and outlet plates near opposite ends facilitating heat transfer Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2458781A1
FR2458781A1 FR7915121A FR7915121A FR2458781A1 FR 2458781 A1 FR2458781 A1 FR 2458781A1 FR 7915121 A FR7915121 A FR 7915121A FR 7915121 A FR7915121 A FR 7915121A FR 2458781 A1 FR2458781 A1 FR 2458781A1
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France
Prior art keywords
annular
zone
heat exchanger
fluid
tubes
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Granted
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FR7915121A
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French (fr)
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FR2458781B1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Marjollet
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Stein Industrie SA
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Stein Industrie SA
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Priority to FR7915121A priority Critical patent/FR2458781A1/en
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Publication of FR2458781B1 publication Critical patent/FR2458781B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes, for nuclear reactors as far as they are not classified, according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Counter-current heat exchanger exchanges heat between a prim. fluid being cooled inside the tubes in inverted J form of a tube bundle and a sec. fluid which is being heated outside the bundle in an outer shell which extends between a tube plate of a central zone and a tube plate of a peripheral zone. Its inlet and outlet tube plates for the first fluid are respectively the annular and central tube plates. They are placed near the opposite ends of the exchanger. Respective lengths of the tube bundle in the central zone and the peripheral zone are pref. such that the sec. fluid in the liq. state is heated and completely vapourised in the central zone and the vapour is superheated in the annular zone. The upper part above the annular tube plate is in dome form including an annular passage between a jacket in bell form surrounding the peripheral zone of the tube bundle and the outer shell and opening into a superheated vapour chamber connected to a discharge outlet at the top of the exchanger. Tubes are of different dias. in the central and peripheral zones so as to be better suited to the heat exchange conditions along the course of the sec. fluid partic. when the latter is vapourised, a larger dia. assisting the circulation of the vapour.

Description

La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant entre un fluide primaire qui se refroidit à l'intérieur des tubes en forme générale de J renversé, ou en toute autre forme autodilatable, d'un faisceau tubulaire, et un fluide secondaire qui se réchauffe autour dudit faisceau tubulaire, qui s'étend entre une plaque tubulaire d'une zone centrale et une plaque tubulaire annulaire d'une zone périphérique. Elle se rapporte plus particulièrement à un générateur de vapeur par réchauffage et vaporisation, et éventuellement surchauffe, d'eau secondaire en échange de chaleur à contrecourant avec un fluide primaire. The present invention relates to a countercurrent heat exchanger between a primary fluid which cools inside the tubes in the general shape of an inverted J, or in any other self-expanding form, of a tube bundle, and a secondary fluid which heats up around said tube bundle, which extends between a tube plate of a central zone and an annular tube plate of a peripheral zone. It relates more particularly to a steam generator by heating and vaporization, and possibly overheating, of secondary water in exchange for countercurrent heat with a primary fluid.

Un générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée de ce genre a déjà été proposé dans la demande de brevet français nO 2391 421, le fluide primaire étant introduit dans le haut d'une zone centrale et évacué sur le pourtour d'une zone périphérique, les longueurs respectives des tubes du faisceau dans ces deux zones étant voisines l'une de l'autre, de sorte que les plaques tubulaires sont toutes deux près de l'une des extrémités de l'échangeur, et à faible distance l'une de l'autre.Un tel échangeur présente toutefois l'inconvénient que le liquide secondaire, qui s'écoule d'abord dans la zone périphérique de l'échangeur du haut vers le bas, y subit déjà une vaporisation partielle, ce qui tend à la formation de bouchons de vapeur qui viennent pertuber l'échange de chaleur entre le fluide primaire circulant dans les tubes et le liquide secondaire circulant vers le bas autour de ceux-ci. A steam generator with forced circulation of this kind has already been proposed in French patent application No. 2391 421, the primary fluid being introduced into the top of a central zone and discharged around the periphery of a peripheral zone, the lengths respective bundle tubes in these two areas being adjacent to each other, so that the tube plates are both near one of the ends of the exchanger, and at a short distance from one of the However, such an exchanger has the drawback that the secondary liquid, which first flows in the peripheral zone of the exchanger from the top to the bottom, already undergoes partial vaporization there, which tends to the formation of steam plugs which disturb the heat exchange between the primary fluid flowing in the tubes and the secondary liquid flowing down around them.

Par ailleurs, la proximité des deux plaques tubulaires, qui sont aux températures extrêmes de l'échange de chaleur, peut engendrer des contraintes thermiques excessives.Furthermore, the proximity of the two tubular plates, which are at the extreme temperatures of the heat exchange, can generate excessive thermal stresses.

La présente invention a pour but de procurer un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant dans lequel la circulation du fluide secondaire soit essentiellement naturelle, et dans lequel les contraintes thermiques résultant des différences de température entre le fluide primaire chaud et le fluide secondaire froid soient réparties sur sensiblement toute la longueur de l'échangeur. The object of the present invention is to provide a counter-current heat exchanger in which the circulation of the secondary fluid is essentially natural, and in which the thermal stresses resulting from temperature differences between the hot primary fluid and the cold secondary fluid are distributed over substantially the entire length of the exchanger.

L'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que ses plaques tubulaires d'admission et de sortie du premier fluide sont respectivement les plaques tubulaires annulaire et centrale, et en ce qu'elles sont disposées au voisinage des extrémités opposées de l'échangeur. The heat exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that its tubular plates for inlet and outlet of the first fluid are respectively the annular and central tubular plates, and in that they are arranged in the vicinity of the opposite ends of the 'exchanger.

Il répond en outre de préférence à au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes
- Les longueurs respectives du faisceau tubulaire dans la zone centrale et la zone périphérique sont telles que le fluide secondaire à l'état liquide soit réchauffé et complétement vaporisé dans la zone centrale, et que la vapeur formée soit surchauffée dans la zone annulaire. It also preferably meets at least one of the following characteristics
- The respective lengths of the tube bundle in the central zone and the peripheral zone are such that the secondary fluid in the liquid state is heated and completely vaporized in the central zone, and that the vapor formed is superheated in the annular zone.

- Sa partie supérieure au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire annulaire est en forme de dôme comportant un passage annulaire entre une chemise en forme de cloche entourant la zone périphérique du faisceau tubulaire et la virole externe, et débouchant dans une chambre de vapeur surchauffée reliée à une tubulure d'évacuation au sommet de l'échangeur. - Its upper part above the annular tubular plate is in the form of a dome comprising an annular passage between a bell-shaped jacket surrounding the peripheral zone of the tubular bundle and the outer shell, and opening into a superheated steam chamber connected to a discharge pipe at the top of the exchanger.

- Ses tubes sont de diamètres différents dans sa zone centrale et sa zone périphérique, afin d'être mieux adaptés aux conditions d'échange de chaleur le long du parcours du fluide secondaire, notamment lorsque celui-ci est soumis à une vaporisation, la circulation de la vapeur étant favorisée par un diamètre plus important. - Its tubes are of different diameters in its central zone and its peripheral zone, in order to be better adapted to the conditions of heat exchange along the path of the secondary fluid, in particular when the latter is subjected to vaporization, circulation steam being favored by a larger diameter.

Il est décrit ci-après à titre d'exemples et en référence aux figures du dessin annexé, des générateurs de vapeur selon l'invention par échange de chaleur entre de l'eau primaire sous pression issue d'un réacteur nucléaire, circulant dans un faisceau tubulaire de tubes en forme générale de J renversé, et de l'eau secondaire à réchauffer, vaporiser et surchauffer. It is described below by way of examples and with reference to the figures of the appended drawing, steam generators according to the invention by heat exchange between primary water under pressure from a nuclear reactor, circulating in a tubular bundle of tubes in the general shape of an inverted J, and secondary water to be heated, vaporized and overheated.

La figure 1 représente un générateur de vapeur à évacuation de la vapeur secondaire au sommet de l'échangeur. Figure 1 shows a steam generator with secondary steam discharge at the top of the exchanger.

La figure 2 représente une variante de la structure de la tête de l'échangeur à évacuation latérale de la vapeur-secondaire. FIG. 2 represents a variant of the structure of the head of the exchanger with lateral evacuation of the secondary steam.

Dans la figure 1, l'échangeur comprend, à l'intérieur d'une virole cylindrique 1, une zone centrale 2 et une zone annulaire 3 dans sa partie supérieure. L'eau primaire formant le fluide chaud est introduite par des tubulures Il débouchant dans une chambre d'admission torique 5 au-dessous de la plaque tubulaire annulaire 6. Il part de celle-ci les tubes d'échange de chaleur en forme de J renversé à l'intérieur desquels circule l'eau primaire, dont un seul 7 a été représenté pour plus de clarté du dessin. Le faisceau tubulaire est enserré dans la zone au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire 6 dans une cloison repliée en U 8.De la manière habituelle, des entretoises telles que 9 et 10 assurent le maintien du faisceau
A l'extrémité inférieure de l'échangeur, les tubes débouchent dans une plaque tubulaire 11, au-dessus d'une chambre de recueil de l'eau refroidie 12, munie de tubulures 13 de raccordement à une tuyauterie de retour au réacteur nucléaire.In FIG. 1, the exchanger comprises, inside a cylindrical shell 1, a central zone 2 and an annular zone 3 in its upper part. The primary water forming the hot fluid is introduced through tubes It opens out into a toroidal intake chamber 5 below the annular tube plate 6. It leaves therefrom the J-shaped heat exchange tubes upside down inside which circulates the primary water, of which only one 7 has been represented for clarity of the drawing. The tubular bundle is enclosed in the area above the tubular plate 6 in a folded U-shaped partition 8. In the usual way, spacers such as 9 and 10 maintain the bundle
At the lower end of the exchanger, the tubes open into a tubular plate 11, above a chamber for collecting cooled water 12, fitted with pipes 13 for connection to a return pipe to the nuclear reactor.

L'échangeur est muni dans sa zone inférieure, un peu au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire 11, de tubulures 14 d'alimentation en eau secondaire. The exchanger is provided in its lower zone, a little above the tube plate 11, with pipes 14 for supplying secondary water.

Celles-ci débouchent dans une chambre annulaire 15, séparée du faisceau tubulaire par une cloison cylindrique 16. A l'extrémité inférieure de celleci, une ouverture annulaire 17 permet l'accès de l'eau secondaire autour des tubes du faisceau. Dans la zone inférieure d'échange de chaleur où l'eau n'est pas encore réchauffée à sa température d'ébullition, des chicanes 18 imposent à l'eau secondaire un trajet sinueux favorisant son échange de chaleur avec liteau primaire circulant dans les tubes.These open into an annular chamber 15, separated from the tubular bundle by a cylindrical partition 16. At the lower end of this, an annular opening 17 allows access to the secondary water around the bundle tubes. In the lower heat exchange zone where the water is not yet warmed up to its boiling point, baffles 18 impose on the secondary water a sinuous path promoting its heat exchange with a primary strip circulating in the tubes .

Dans la partie supérieure de l'échangeur, les tubes sont séparés par une chemise de séparation en forme de cloche 19 d'une chambre de recueil de la vapeur surchauffée 20. Le bord inférieur 21 de la chemise 19 est à une certaine hauteur au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire 6, permettant ainsi à la vapeur secondaire formée dans la zone centrale 2 de l'échangeur et surchauffée dans sa zone périphérique 3 de s'échapper vers le haut le long de la paroi interne de la virole 1. La chambre de vapeur surchauffée 21 est surmontée d'une tubulure axiale 22 d'évacuation de la vapeur surchauffée à l'utilisation, par exemple vers des turbines de détente (non représentées). In the upper part of the exchanger, the tubes are separated by a bell-shaped separation jacket 19 from a chamber for collecting superheated steam 20. The lower edge 21 of the jacket 19 is at a certain height above above the tube plate 6, thus allowing the secondary vapor formed in the central zone 2 of the exchanger and superheated in its peripheral zone 3 to escape upwards along the internal wall of the shell 1. The chamber superheated steam 21 is surmounted by an axial tube 22 for discharging the superheated steam in use, for example to expansion turbines (not shown).

Dans la variante représentée en figure 2, les éléments de la tête de l'échangeur (virole 101, plaque tubulaire 106, chemise en forme de dôme 119 à bord inférieur 121, chambre de vapeur surchauffée 120) sont les mêmes, mais l'évacuation de la vapeur surchauffée a lieu par une tubulure latérale 122. In the variant shown in FIG. 2, the elements of the exchanger head (ferrule 101, tube plate 106, dome-shaped jacket 119 with lower edge 121, superheated steam chamber 120) are the same, but the evacuation superheated steam takes place through a side tube 122.

Bien que les structures d'échangeur qui viennent d'être décrites en référence aux figures du dessin paraissent les formes de réalisation préférables de l'invention, on comprendra que diverses modifications peuvent leur être apportées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. En particulier, des dispositifs auxiliaires peuvent être prévus pour améliorer éventuellement le coefficient d'échange de chaleur à travers la paroi des tubes entre les fluides primaire et secondaire.Les fluides en échange de chaleur, aussi bi n primaire que secondaire, peuvent être différents. En particulier, le fluide primaire pourrait être de l'eau lourde, ou bien un métal alcalin fondu issu d'un réacteur nucléaire surrégénérateur, ou encore tout autre fluide caloporteur. Although the exchanger structures which have just been described with reference to the figures of the drawing appear to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that various modifications can be made to them without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, auxiliary devices can be provided to possibly improve the heat exchange coefficient through the wall of the tubes between the primary and secondary fluids. The fluids in heat exchange, both primary and secondary, can be different. In particular, the primary fluid could be heavy water, or a molten alkali metal from a breeder nuclear reactor, or any other heat transfer fluid.

Les tubes de l'échangeur peuvent avoir une autre forme autodilatable, par exemple celle faisant l'objet de la demande de brevet français nO 76 10 267 du 8 avril 1976 de la Demanderesse. The exchanger tubes may have another self-expanding shape, for example that which is the subject of French patent application No. 76 10 267 of April 8, 1976 of the Applicant.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1/ Echangeur de chaleur à contre-courant entre un fluide primaire qui se refroidit à l'intérieur des tubes (7) en forme générale de J renversé, ou en toute autre forme autodilatable, d'un faisceau tubulaire, et un fluide secondaire qui se réchauffe autour dudit faisceau tubulaire, à l'intérieur d'une virole externe qui s'étend entre une plaque tubulaire (11) d'une zone centrale (2) et une plaque tubulaire annulaire (6) d'une zone périphérique (3), caractérisé en ce que ses plaques tubulaires d'admission et de sortie du premier fluide sont respectivement les plaques tubulaires annulaire et centrale, et en ce qu'elles sont disposées au voisinage des extrémités opposées de l'échangeur.1 / Counter-current heat exchanger between a primary fluid which cools inside the tubes (7) in the general shape of an inverted J, or in any other self-expanding form, of a tubular bundle, and a secondary fluid which heats up around said tube bundle, inside an outer shell which extends between a tube plate (11) of a central zone (2) and an annular tube plate (6) of a peripheral zone (3 ), characterized in that its tubular plates for the inlet and outlet of the first fluid are respectively the annular and central tubular plates, and in that they are arranged in the vicinity of the opposite ends of the exchanger. 2/ Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les longueurs respectives du faisceau tubulaire dans la zone centrale (2) et la zone périphérique (3) sont telles que le fluide secondaire à l'état liquide soit réchauffé et complétement vaporisé dans la zone centrale, et en ce que la vapeur formée soit surchauffée dans la zone annulaire.2 / Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective lengths of the tube bundle in the central zone (2) and the peripheral zone (3) are such that the secondary fluid in the liquid state is heated and completely vaporized in the central zone, and in that the vapor formed is superheated in the annular zone. 3/ Echangeur de chaleur selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que sa partie supérieure au-dessus de la plaque tubulaire annulaire est en forme de dôme comportant un passage annulaire entre une chemise en forme de cloche (19) entourant la zone périphérique du faisceau tubulaire et la virole externe (1), et débouchant dans une chambre de vapeur surchauffée (20) reliée à au moins une tubulure d'évacuation (22).3 / Heat exchanger according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that its upper part above the annular tubular plate is dome-shaped having an annular passage between a bell-shaped jacket (19) surrounding the peripheral zone of the tubular bundle and the outer shell (1), and opening into a superheated steam chamber (20) connected to at least one discharge pipe (22). 4/ Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le tubulure d'évacuation de la vapeur surchauffée est au sommet de l'échan- geur (22, Fig 1).4 / Heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the discharge pipe of the superheated steam is at the top of the exchanger (22, Fig 1). 5/ Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la ou les tubulures d'évacuation de la vapeur surchauffée sont des tubulures latérales (122, fig 2).5 / Heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the or the pipes for discharging the superheated steam are side pipes (122, fig 2). 6/ Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ses tubes sont de diamètres différents dans sa zone centrale et sa zone périphérique.6 / Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that its tubes are of different diameters in its central zone and its peripheral zone. 7/ Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, en particulier pour générateur de vapeur, caractérisé en ce que sa plaque tubulaire centrale est disposée près de l'extrémité inférieure de la virole, et sa plaque tubulaire annulaire près de 1 'extrémité supérieure de la virole. 7 / Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 6, in particular for steam generator, characterized in that its central tube plate is disposed near the lower end of the shell, and its annular tube plate near 1 'upper end of the ferrule.
FR7915121A 1979-06-13 1979-06-13 Heat exchanger with inverted J tubes - has annular and central tube plates constituting prim. fluid inlet and outlet plates near opposite ends facilitating heat transfer Granted FR2458781A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7915121A FR2458781A1 (en) 1979-06-13 1979-06-13 Heat exchanger with inverted J tubes - has annular and central tube plates constituting prim. fluid inlet and outlet plates near opposite ends facilitating heat transfer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7915121A FR2458781A1 (en) 1979-06-13 1979-06-13 Heat exchanger with inverted J tubes - has annular and central tube plates constituting prim. fluid inlet and outlet plates near opposite ends facilitating heat transfer

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FR2458781A1 true FR2458781A1 (en) 1981-01-02
FR2458781B1 FR2458781B1 (en) 1983-05-27

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0183049A1 (en) * 1984-11-15 1986-06-04 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Perforated flow distribution plate
US4736713A (en) * 1984-11-15 1988-04-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Foraminous or perforated flow distribution plate

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1532976A (en) * 1966-08-11 1968-07-12 Bertrams Ag Hch heat exchanger
US3437077A (en) * 1966-01-21 1969-04-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Once-through vapor generator
FR2404799A1 (en) * 1977-09-28 1979-04-27 Commissariat Energie Atomique STEAM GENERATOR FOR PRESSURIZED WATER PLANT

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3437077A (en) * 1966-01-21 1969-04-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Once-through vapor generator
FR1532976A (en) * 1966-08-11 1968-07-12 Bertrams Ag Hch heat exchanger
FR2404799A1 (en) * 1977-09-28 1979-04-27 Commissariat Energie Atomique STEAM GENERATOR FOR PRESSURIZED WATER PLANT

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0183049A1 (en) * 1984-11-15 1986-06-04 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Perforated flow distribution plate
US4736713A (en) * 1984-11-15 1988-04-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Foraminous or perforated flow distribution plate

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Publication number Publication date
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