FI96795B - Method and apparatus for producing energy from a temperature difference between outdoor air and water - Google Patents

Description

96795

Method and apparatus for generating energy from the temperature difference between outdoor air and water Förfarande och anordning för att producera Energi frän en temperaturskillnad mellan uteluft och vatten 5

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for a method of generating electricity, typically rotating on the surface of water, utilizing the temperature difference between water and air and horizontal wind. The invention relates in particular to a method according to the preamble of claim 10 and an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 5.

In the method, the same equipment recovers electricity from both the upward flow of water-heated outdoor air and wind, whereby the device acts as a vertical axis windmill. The use of heat to provide vertical flow is known as vertical wind power. A power plant that recovers horizontal wind and vertical wind is called a combined wind power plant.

20 A power plant or part of it rotates on the surface of the water supported by a pontoon. At the same time, my bowl forms a bearing that is suitable for both vertical and horizontal wind power. The recovery of electricity from a rotating motion is known.

It is advantageous to heat the outdoor air with water using a heat exchanger based on the flap effect. In this case, the air pressure raises the water by a maximum of approx. 10 m. to the height of the piping. The flow of water in the heat exchanger tubes is achieved by utilizing a rotational motion. The method can also use a heat exchanger according to utility model application U930372, in which the air goes below the water surface, e.g. inside a pontoon.

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The method is necessary if it is desired to advantageously generate electricity from wind and / or; vertical wind. The large amount of air required in a vertical wind power plant is preferably heated by a conveyor according to the method. The rise of warm air is also known as the chimney effect.

A fixed stationary wind farm has been built at least in Spain. The large amount of heat required is produced by a light-transmitting cover as the sun warms the earth and the earth continues to air. Kate pays up to 70% of the price of 35 2 96795 power plants. There is a lot of coverage because the solar power is small, max. 1 kW / m2. Even in the best areas, the average is only 200 W / m2. However, the method has been reported to provide low electricity (60 p / kWh).

There are many patent applications for vertical wind turbines and related additional features, such as: US 4,275,309, US 3,936,652, GB 2,081,390, GB 2,055,980, DE 3,107,252, DE 3,006,702, DE 2,402,647 10

A similar technology is used as a fixed in the condensing towers of power plants. The typical height at that time is 150 m. Fully commercial technology is used in windmills, horizontal and vertical axes. The application SF 790 746 presents a vertical axis windmill well.

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The method according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1 and the apparatus according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 5.

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Energy saving is most important when energy consumption is highest. In Finland, there is no significant shine or wind at that time - unfortunately.

• 25 The properties of air as a circulating medium for a thermal power plant in cold conditions are one third cheaper than in warm ones. The method works best in the cold.

In large bodies of water such as the Seas, lakes, and those that store-30 hours, there is almost unlimited energy to heat the frozen air. Condensed heat and other waste heat from electricity production are also generated in industrialized countries.

With a temperature difference (40 CEL) of condensed water (15 CEL) and frozen air (-25 CEL) 35, the air heats up above 30 CEL. At the Spanish test plant, the air was warmed by the sun at about 20 CEL. Also, natural water is always a few plus degrees. So water has

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96795 3 Heated antifreeze with almost no limit as a source of energy for vertical wind turbines.

Content of the invention, a combined wind power plant is a new type of electricity-5 production method that utilizes renewable energies more advantageously than before. The maximum power from the vertical wind is obtained when the energy demand is at its maximum, ie in the cold. The same equipment can take advantage of horizontal winds when windy. The power plant can be mounted in water.

The invention also includes a heat exchanger for transferring high heat output from water to air in an advantageous and reliable manner. The required thermal power for a vertical wind power plant is of the order of 1000 MW. It is advisable to lift the water into the pipes with the lappo effect, in which case the potential energy of the water is preserved. The flow in the water pipes is maintained by the forces caused by the rotation of the device and by the increase in the density of the cooling water.

Rotational motion is achieved with the simplest blades with good aerodynamic efficiency. A centrifugal fan typically provides an efficiency of 80%. In windmills rotating in free wind, the efficiency 20 is probably less than 50%. The difference is explained by the fan shroud.

When the whole equipment is running in water, a separate wind turbine is not necessarily needed. Electricity is recovered by braking the rotation with the generators.

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The preferred way to generate electricity from the water / outdoor temperature difference and / or wind is to use a method and equipment as defined in the characterization part of the protection claim.

The main advantages of the invention are: - that the method does not require an expensive collector.

- that the method produces power on a frosty day 24 hours a day.

- that the temperature difference is available almost indefinitely in cold countries when consumption is highest.

35 - that the heat exchanger according to the invention efficiently transfers large amounts of heat.

4 96795 - that the rotation otherwise prevents possible problems of freezing and debris accumulation.

- that the same equipment also recovers the horizontal wind.

- that the power plant or part of it rotates, so that electricity can be recovered 5 without wind turbines.

- that the method can also generate electricity from the thermal storage of tropical seas - especially at night.

Preferred locations include wasted and condensing heat discharges such as 10 nuclear power plants and the coldest possible offshore coastal areas.

The output of the vertical wind is proportional to the area of the power plant's vertical flue (dA2). The yield is also proportional to the height to the power of 1.5 (hA3 / 2).

The purchase price is proportional to the surface area of the jacket (d * h). The optimal 15 power plant would be as large as possible because the yield increases steeper than the jacket structures. The restriction is caused by the lapp phenomenon. The maximum height of the heat exchanger and thus the air inlet above the water surface is less than ten meters. The optimal flow rate depends on the height of the tower.

20 The efficiency is proportional to the height divided by the outdoor temperature and the specific heat. The thermodynamic efficiency, i.e. the electricity obtained divided by the heat consumed, is only a few percent. The heat must be free. The "efficiency" of normal wind is even lower.

: 25 The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a side view of a water-rotating vertical wind turbine according to the invention, partly in section.

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Figure 2 shows a part of a pontoon and a heat exchanger of a floating vertical wind power plant according to the invention, seen from the side, the structure partly in section.

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Figure 3 shows a simple water-floating, combined wind turbine according to the invention, viewed from above, in a position utilizing a horizontal wind.

Figure 4 shows a side view of a combined power plant according to the invention. The horizontal wind is continuously recovered like a sail with wings.

The vertical wind power plant according to Figure 1 rotates in water 1 on an annular pontoon 2. Outdoor air 3 is sucked in from the lower part of the power plant and 10 exits through the high flue part 4 from above. The flue is shaped so that little pressure is applied to the flow resistors. At the bottom, the speed gradually accelerates and at the top, the expansion section changes the speed back to static pressure.

15 The air passing through the heat exchanger 5 almost reaches the water temperature. Suction is caused by a chimney effect. Warmed air tends to rise up lighter than its surroundings. The wings 6 on top of the pontoon reverse the direction of the air flow and cause the power plant to rotate.

20 The same criteria apply to the design of the blades as to the design of the fan blades. It may be appropriate, for example, to use guide wings before fan blades rotating with the pontoon (FI 790746).

Rotation can be utilized in both electricity generation and heat transfer.

: 25 Electricity can be generated by generators 7, which at the same time hold the structure in place. This location of the generators is advantageous for maintenance.

It is good to install a canopy 8 on top of the air intake, which prevents the snow jou-30 from entering the heat exchanger.

Figure 2 shows how the heat exchanger 5 consists of water pipes 10 and associated heat-conducting fins 9. Water rises to the manifold 11 due to air pressure through a central riser when 35 air is removed from the piping at point 12.

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The flow of water is caused by the forces caused by the rotation of the pontoon or the whole structure. These are the centrifugal force which in the tube 11 of the figure causes a flow from the center towards the heat exchanger.

5 The flow is also provided without using the middle riser 16, by directing the water-raising pipe upstream and the outlet pipe downstream at 13.

The water flow rate is dimensioned by selecting the magnitude of the flow losses 10 of the pipe and the rotational speed of the heat exchanger as desired. The flow generated by the centrifugal force is also enhanced by directing the pipe returning from the heat exchanger downstream as in point 13. Cooling of the water in the heat exchanger 5 also increases the flow, as cool water weighs more than warm water.

15 Heat transfer can be enhanced by passing air through water jets 14 where heat is efficiently transferred from water to air. When using water jets, the lapa idea does not work and the potential energy of the water is lost. In the case of small temperature differences, the loss may be tens of percent of the 20 electricity recovered.

Electricity can also be recovered from the rotational movement by a generator at point 15, where the stationary riser 16 is mounted on the rotating structure.

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The riser 16 remains in place anchored to the bottom by rods 17, through which it is possible to arrange e.g. power supply to the grid.

The external locations of the generators from which the energy can also be recovered and the anchoring is carried out are marked with the number 18. In this case, a stationary structure is required near the point 18.

The rotating motion and the water returning from the heat exchanger at point 13 cause the water to flow away from the power plant. At the same time, the susceptibility to freezing decreases as the flow brings new water under the converter for cooling.

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Any waste / condensate heat is directed under the power plant or directly to the riser 16. In practice, for example, the condenser pipe and the riser pipe of a nuclear power plant cannot be connected together. Condensate must also be able to discharge during maintenance of the vertical wind turbine.

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Figure 3 shows in a simplified manner how the flue required in a vertical wind power plant can be formed by the blades 19 of a vertical axis windmill, which are alternately as flues and alternately as a windmill blade. The wings can move based on the canopy 8 and the heat exchanger below it. 10 The generator is marked with 7.

During a severe storm, the wings retract to the flue position, preventing equipment from breaking due to excessive wind force.

15 As shown in Figure 4, the wing may also be sail-like. When the flue 4 is fixed, a sail-like wing 20 can open on its side with the downwind part. The solution is especially suitable for a slowly rotating power plant, whereby it is possible for the sail to brake the wind significantly.

20 A typical facility is 150 m high. The plant is dimensioned for an air temperature rise of 25 CEL (-23 CEL> +2 CEL). This is achievable without condensing heat. The suction of the flue is 200 Pa (density change * gravity constant * height). Let the design air flow be 30,000 m3 / s (1000 MW).

; 25 The diameter must be more than 100 m in order for the speed and pressure drop to remain reasonable at the air inlet and outlet. The height of the entrance is limited to less than 10 m above the water surface due to the blade. In addition, air can be used inside the pontoon below the water surface.

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The power potential is 6 MW (30,000 m3 / s * 200 Pa). Pessimistically half (50%) is set aside for losses, resulting in a net electrical power of 3 MW. On the Finnish coast, the stability of peak power is about 4,500 h / year, so an example wind power plant produces 13,500 MWh of energy per year. The value of energy at the price of electricity 35 of 20 p / kWh is FIM 2.7 million / year. The energy obtained from horizontal wind is 8 96795, especially when there is no temperature difference, ie in summer. The annual return of the horizontal wind is clearly lower than the vertical wind.

The power dissipation of the rotation of a pontoon can be estimated by means of pipe flow. 5 Suppose a pontoon is a pipe whose amount of water weighs as much as the structures on the water. In a typical plant (h-150 m) the total weight is of the order of 2000 tn. The imagined pipe would be 2 m in diameter. From the pipe flow curves, a friction loss of 0.02 kPa / m is obtained for a flow of 3 m / s inside the pipe. The total length of the pontoon is 450 m, 10 so the total rotation loss is approx. 10 kW (length * friction loss). The loss is less than one percent of the power. The small loss is explained by the fact that my bowl does not displace water.

At a pontoon circumferential speed of 3 m / s, a dynamic pressure of approx. 10 15 kPa is generated. The pressure caused by the centrifugal force is lower than this. Pumping requires experiential pressure of 50 Pa / m, a total of 1.2 kPa (50 Pa / m * 24 m) per flap loop (—from 8 m high + 8 m sideways + back to water). In a typical plant (h-150 m) the total water flow is 30 m3 / s. The pumping capacity is 36 kW (1.2 kPa * 30 m3 / s). This is a power loss of just over 20 percent.

It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the number / location of the wings 6, 19, 20 and the water pipes 10,11,16, as well as the shape of the tower / pontoon may be different.

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In special cases, the wings can be mounted, for example, by means of a rail. The flue can be built fixed and allow the heat exchanger to rotate in the water.

30 Even high power can be made temporarily by burning any fuel inside the power plant.

The invention is not limited to the examples of the figures, but may vary within the scope of the claims set out below.

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Claims (9)

A method of producing energy with a vertical and / or horizontal wind obtained by means of a temperature difference between outdoor air 5 (2) and water (1), in which method a heat exchanger (5) and / or the entire power plant rotates with support. of a pontoon (2) on the surface of the water, characterized in that the rotation is effected by blades (6 and / or 19; 20) from an air stream maintained by a chimney effect caused by the heated air of a vertical chimney (4). and / or by a wind force acting on the blade (6 and / or 19; 20). 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the process, the horizontal wind force is effected by blades (19) forming a vertical chimney (4) or with sail-shaped blades (20) attached to the side of the vertical chimney (4). 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the process the vertical chimney (4) is rotated with the support of water acting as a bearing and that the rotary movement is changed partly to electricity by braking the rotation with generators (7) and partly to pumping energy for the water circulating in the heat exchangers (15). Method according to any of claims 1-3, characterized. The rotation is effected by means of blades (6) connected to the heat exchanger (5). An installation for producing energy with a vertical and / or horizontal wind obtained by means of a temperature difference between the outdoor air 30 (3) and water (1), the heat exchanger (5) of the plant and / or the whole plant being rotatably arranged with support of a pontoon (2) on the surface of the water, characterized in that the plant comprises a vertical chimney (4) and blades (6) located within it and at least one such blade structure (6 and / or 19; 20) by mediation of which said rotation on the surface of the water is arranged to be accomplished. 96795 12 The plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the vertical chimney (4) is formed of blades (19) or sail-shaped blades (20) attached to the side of the vertical chimney (4) to increase the horizontal wind force and the water. forms a bearing for the rotation of the plant. Plant according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the plant has a generator / generators (7) for changing the rotary movement partly to electricity by thereby slowing the rotation and partly as pumping energy for the water circulating in the heat exchangers (5). and that the water forms a bearing for the rotation of the plant. Plant according to any of claims 5-7, characterized in that the blades (6) and the plant are connected to the heat exchanger (5). Heat exchanger for use in connection with the process according to any of claims 1-4 and / or in the plant according to any of claims 20-8 for heating the outdoor air with water, containing flow pipes (10,11,16 ) and effective heat exchange parts (5), within which the flowing water (1) heats air (3) which flows on the outer surface of the same parts, characterized in that the lifting of the water on the surface takes place by means of a lifting effect and the flow in. The water pipe is produced by the centrifugal force due to the rotation and / or velocity of the pontoon relative to the water. t · It