SU1761860A1 - Method of controlling water temperature in tail race of hydroelectric station and heat-exchange device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the ecology of water systems, in particular to the ecology of the downstream hydroelectric power plants located in areas of Siberia and the Far East, as well as hydropower engineering and mechanical engineering. The purpose of the invention is to cool the discharged water to the household parameters that existed before the formation of the reservoir, and to generate electricity. The method of regulating water in the downstream of the HPP consists in cooling the outflow of flow from the HPP turbines with air-cooled metal structures - tanks of a cryogenic supercharger. In the device for cooling water and generating energy - a cryogenic supercharger - is the transformation of water expansion during freezing into energy for water consumption, for which the cryogenic supercharger tanks are used, made in the form of a rotor, consisting of paired hollow cylinders diametrically attached to a common hub and installed with the possibility of forced rotation by a drive on a horizontal fixed axis, which has longitudinal drills and undercuts on the surface, coinciding with the holes in the hub. As the rotor rotates, the upper, non-flooded tank cools, and the water in it freezes with increasing volume. As a result of the flow of fluid from the upper reservoir to the lower, submerged underwater level through the pipeline, a hydraulic motor with an electric generator, holes in the hub, undercuts and drilling in a fixed axis, electric power is generated. As a result of heat exchange, the water discharged to the lower reach is cooled. 2 sec. f-ly, 4 il sl ixi o 00 o o

Description

The invention relates to the ecology of water systems, in particular to the ecology of the downstream HPP located in areas of Siberia and the Far East. The present invention also relates to hydropower and mechanical engineering,

During operation of waterworks, water is taken from horizons having a temperature of 2.2-4 ° C. Excess heat leads to

the formation of a large ice-free openings. Over the polynyas and the coast there is an increased fogging. air humidity rises, which dramatically worsens the ecological situation, causes colds. Over the large space, the winter migration routes of animals overlap. Complications of business conditions. Everything

this brings significant economic damage.

The reduction of environmental negative consequences is achieved through selective water intake from reservoir layers of different depths. In winter, the fence is made from the upper cold horizons. For this purpose, a series of water intake devices located in the reservoir has been proposed. They are in the form of towers enclosing rigid walls. There are also elastic retaining walls. Regulation of the temperature regime of water in the downstream of HPS by these devices reduces only to restricting the supply of water with greater thermal energy, which ensures a reduction in the size of polyny by 50-70%.

When a hydroelectric power plant is operated with waste water, a large amount of thermal energy flows into the downstream, which is the reason for the formation of polynya. Between the polynya and the surrounding air there is a temperature pressure reaching 30 + 50 ° C in winter.

There are power generation devices that use thermal pressure between water and air, between different levels of water. In all, without exception, devices for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy use light boiling liquids — freons. The devices include a large set of units for various purposes. The efficiency of such installations is 3-4%. There are monoblock devices where the steam generator, the turbine and the condenser are concentrated in one working body.

There is also a rotor engine design in the form of an impeller.

A water intake for surface water is known, containing a suction wall made of elastic material, one side of which is attached to the bottom of the reservoir of the hydroelectric station by stretching and bark, and the other is equipped with bell-shaped melts attached to the side of the intake wall. To the middle of the collecting wall, facing the receiving conduit, weights are attached and a perforated pipe connected to a source of compressed air.

Of the devices that use temperature pressure between water and ambient air, the engine is the closest to the technical essence of the invention, which is an impeller — a sealed torus separated by one-way valves-partitions. The torus is filled with a light boiling liquid and floats on the surface of the water.

Heating up from the walls of the torus, a pair of liquid pressure, pumping it in one direction and rotating the wheel.

The disadvantage of the known method of controlling the temperature of water in the downstream is the incomplete regulation efficiency, since the prototype does not provide for cooling water, as well as the complexity and overhead of reducing the economic efficiency of hydroelectric power plants.

The engine described in the prototype is capable of using heat exchange only on the surface of the water. In order to utilize the water flow, such an engine must cover the entire area of the polynya and replace bulky devices to collect the received energy, which is not environmentally acceptable.

The purpose of the invention is to cool the water in the downstream of the hydroelectric power station to domestic steam meters that existed before the construction of hydroelectric power station i / obtain the working costs and pressures of water to generate energy from the hydromogor.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling the temperature of water in the polynya of the lower pool of the hydropower station, according to the invention, in the intertwined section of the lower pool, the hemp.submagie cooled by ambient air is injected into the discharged stream as a cryogenic supercharger. Nab9gayuy. ,, th, 0i-water is cooled to the teasg tempera guru washing the cylinders ts-ploobmekchi, and

This goal was obtained by obtaining mechanical energy by using water pogo from the heater: from a hydroelectric station reservoir, and ambient air as a cooling tower, and it is relieved by the fact that changes in the freezing water volume are used to create water flow and pressure. for the operation of the Pdromo torus or the turbine, the heat exchanger cylinder being moved from the heater to the refrigerator forcibly.

The goal of obtaining energy is based on the change in the volume of water, npi, transition from liquid to solid (ice) and on the property of water to lower the freezing point (melting point) with increased pressure, which distinguishes the invention from the prototype, where liquid. In the proposed device - a heat exchanger in the form of a cryogenic water pump for a hydraulic motor. the working stroke (injection) causes the npi cooling in air of water-filled cylinders until ice forms on the cylinder gene, and a decrease in volume (compression) when the cylinders are heated in

a running stream of the river to (-0.1) - (-0.2) C, which is accompanied by thawing of ice in the cylinders. The return stroke of the heat engine pistons in the cryogenic supercharger is replaced by water injection under pressure P 5-6 atm, which allows maintaining the water in the cylinders in a supercooled state and not changing the latent heat of the phase transition when changing the cooling-heating modes.

Another difference between the cryogenic supercharger and the prototype is that in it the energy of cryogenic expansion of water during freezing is used to create pressures and water flow in the pipeline to power the hydraulic motor or hydraulic turbine. The cryogenic compressor according to the invention consists of high pressure cylinders (atm), which are equipped with fins for better heat exchange. The reservoirs of the cylinders in the pumping position are hydraulically communicated through the control valve with the high-pressure (working) pipeline and through it with the hydraulic motor. In the compression position, the tanks through the valve are hydraulically connected to the low-pressure feed line from the hydraulic motor. The reservoir of the supercharger is made in the form of a rotor consisting of two hollow cylinders, diametrically attached to a common hub and installed with the possibility of forced rotation by a drive on a horizontal fixed axis. The axis of the rotor of the supercharger is placed on supports with full or partial embedding under the surface of the water for heating by the oncoming flow.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the cryogenic water pump in the near-barrage section of the downstream HPP; figure 2 shows a diagram of the operation of the supercharger; FIGS. 3 and 4 show the axial section of the cylinders along the normal and the axis of rotation and the operation of the distribution valves.

On the supports 1 in the near-dam section of the downstream (Fig.1,2), the calculated number of rotors 2 cryogenic superchargers combined with pressure pipe 3, hydraulic motor 4, electric generator 5, feed line (return pipe) b, drive 7 for rotor rotation is established. 2. The axis 8 of the rotor 2 (FIG. 3) is mounted on the surface of the water or is submerged beneath the surface.

The water temperature in the downstream is controlled as follows. From the design conditions or field observations, data are taken on the temperature regime of the flow, design or

HPS planned costs, current rates, air temperature regime, and wind speeds. Set the parameters for reducing the temperature of the water. Calculate the power and heat flow mode of the hydroelectric station in the downstream and the mode of thermal pressure in the daily and seasonal interval. Taking into account the data obtained and the heat exchange characteristics of the metal structures used by the cylinders of the cryogenic supercharger, they calculate the mode of their cooling in air and heating in water, which is determined by the speed of rotation of the rotors 2 from the drive 7.

Water cooling is carried out as follows. The cylinders 9 are cooled by a stream of ambient air 10 and, when the rotor 2 rotates, the actuator 7 is immersed in water. The incoming water 11 from the HPS turbines washes the cold cylinders and cools.

The heat exchange device in the form of a cryogenic water blower for a hydraulic motor (Fig. 2, 3, 4) consists of diametrically paired hollow cylinders 9 attached to a common hub 12. The cylinders 9 have through holes 13 in the hub 12 of the rotor axis 8 8, leading to the discharge pipe 3 and to the make-up line 6. The drilling diameter 14 of the axis 8 is equal to the size of the through hole 13 in the normal plane (FIG. 4). The longitudinal drills 15 in the fixed axis 8 are located one below the other in a vertical plane, while the upper drilling informs the cylinders 9 in the mode of injection with the working pressure pipe; and the bottom - with the main line of makeup. Drilling 14 on the surface of the axis 8, the hub 12 and the through holes 13, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, form a distribution valve 16, providing periodic filling and emptying of the cylinders 9 during the forced change of cooling-heating modes.

Cryogenic water blower works as follows.

The velocity and temperature of the water in the river, the temperature and the force of the wind are measured, the time for heating and cooling the cylinders and the speed of rotation of the rotor is calculated. To start the supercharger, it is raised above the water, the cylinders and the water supply system are filled with water. Air cooled to a pressure in the system up to 3-6 atm, i.e. before formation of supercooled water. 2.5-4% of the water volume of the cylinders is drained from the feed line and the discharge pipe, then installed on supports and cooled to obtain an operating pressure, i.e. 60 - 120 atm, include hydraulic motor

and drive the rotor, rotate the rotor with the calculated speed.

The use of the invention makes it possible to maintain the ecological system of the pool, which is close to the household one (before regulation), thereby eliminating the ecological intensity, reducing the number of colds, and preserving the winter migration routes of animals. The elimination of fogs will improve road traffic conditions on the coast. The application of the invention will make it possible to more fully utilize the total energy of the flow of water from hydroelectric power stations, stabilize daily variations in water consumption and, in this connection, eliminate winter floodplain floodplain.

The metal and water materials used in the invention are environmentally friendly and exclude environmental pollution in case of accidents. When the rotor rotates, the silver cylinders churn the water, thereby aerating it, and the living conditions of aquatic organisms improve.

A comparison of the hydrodynamic and thermal potential of the Zeya hydroelectric station in the Far East for the winter season is given in the table.

From the data in the table it follows that the water flow from the reservoir of the HPP has considerable thermal energy and in winter it can be used to generate energy with the proposed device — a cryogenic supercharger. Energy production is comparable to the capacity of hydroelectric power plants and this is the economic efficiency of the invention.

The invention can be applied both to construction and operating hydropower plants. The greatest efficiency of energy production with the help of the supercharger occurs in the coldest months of the year, and in the daily mode - in the late night and morning hours, i.e. the time of maximum loads

In addition, the use of a cryogenic supercharger will enable the collection of low thermal pressure energy from large heat exchange areas and the generation of energy in high-power units.

Claims (2)

Claim 1. The method of controlling the temperature of the water in the downstream of the hydroelectric station, including the withdrawal of water from the reservoir and heat transfer water with ambient air before it is discharged into a natural water flow located in the downstream, characterized in that, in order to cool the discharged water to domestic parameters that existed prior to the formation of the reservoir, in the dam B side, the discharged stream is periodically fed with cooled surrounding air / sg heat exchanger. 2. Heat exchange device for p "ri; water temperature in the lower bay of the hydropower station in the form of a cryogenic supercharger including water filled rezoovara, hydraulically communicated hedgehog, su sp BOUND PIPELINE (FIRST pressure and make-up sections of protruding gas, with flap, differing in e / g. that in order to increase the efficiency of regulation and generation of electropower The device is equipped with a hydraulic motor with a fixed axle of rotation with two internal longitudinal drillings and recesses with a hub with holes installed by the HS axis drive and an electric generator, than the cryogenic inlet / g tanks are made in the form of a rotor consisting of two hollow cylinders diametrically npi attached to a common hub and installed n; x with the possibility of forced j rotational drive on a fixed axis, two longitudinal drills of which are located one below the other in a vertical plane, each drilling goes into the undercut of the outer surface of the axis, moreover, when the rotor cylinders of the rotor are positioned vertically, the bottom of the flooded flooded under the lower reach and its internal cavity through a hole in the hub, their drilling and drilling and pivot drill the pipeline section is hydraulically connected with a hydraulic motor connected with an electric generator, npi, the upper hollow cylinder is not flooded and through the discharge section of the pipeline top drilling and axial recess also communicated with the hydraulic motor X ft / 2,2 SHZ.Z Kdidromotoru 15 a From hydronotz te