FI85952B - APPARAT FOER RENING AV GASER. - Google Patents

Description

1 85952

Apparatus for cleaning gases

Engineering

The invention relates to the purification and treatment of gases, and relates in particular to an apparatus for purifying gases.

Background of the invention

A device for cleaning gases (SU, A, 84250) with a housing and a rotor 10 comprising a shaft and a plate mounted on the shaft is known in the art, the housing being provided with gas inlet and outlet paths and a path for removing contaminants.

The gas inlet is in the form of a tube fixed to the housing concentrically with the axis of rotation of the plate, the gas outlet is in the form of an annular opening defined by the plate edge and the edge of the plate concentric housing opening, and the impurity outlet is formed by the housing walls is positioned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the plate-20. An injector is also provided for supplying gas with the gas inlet injector connected to the pipe defining the gas inlet.

In this device, the injector introduces the gas to be cleaned through its inlet path towards the center of the plate axially and perpendicular to the surface of the plate. As the plate rotates, the dust particles receive radial kinetic energy under the influence of centrifugal forces in the gas boundary layer on the surface of the plate and move towards the outer edge of the plate together with the radial gas flow 30. The gas flow suddenly changes its radial direction of movement into an axial direction at the edge of the plate and enters the gas outlet, and the dust particles continue to move. . radially under the influence of inertial forces I .. * overcome the dynamic forces of the gas which tend to keep the particles in the gas flow so that the dust particles 2 85952 fly past the gas path and are removed from the housing of the device through the path for removing contaminants.

This gas cleaning device has a small processing capacity due to the small cross-sectional areas of the gas inlets, which must be much smaller than the surface area of the plate in order to cause the dust particles to separate from the gas by centrifugal forces. In addition, the gas flow 10 in this device suddenly changes direction twice, resulting in corresponding energy losses in the prior art device and a reduction in processing capacity.

The degree of purification of the gases from the dust particles in such a device is known to depend on the level of radial kinetic energy that these particles receive in the boundary layer on the surface of the rotating plate. The higher this kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the degree of gas purification. At the same time, however, the level of kinetic kinetic energy of the particles is determined by the final velocity obtained by them under the influence of centrifugal forces in the gas boundary layer. The final velocity of the particles increases as the distance by which these particles are accelerated increases. The longer the distance in this way, the higher the gas purification. . 25 misaste.

The prior art device described above has a low degree of purification from dust particles because the distance by which these particles are accelerated in the radial direction is limited to the radius of the plate. The low degree of gas purification in this prior art device is also due to the fact that such a rotor design and such placement of the gas paths results in a slowing of the flow of gas delivered for purification. as the higher pressure zone is formed, which produces a substantial resistance to dust particles on the surface of the plate, li 3 85952 special! for the penetration of fine and light dust particles with a small kinetic energy determined by the mass of the particles and the gas flow rate in the gas inlet path into the gas boundary layer area on the surface of the plate. So muo-5 doin mainly coarse and heavy particles enter the boundary layer region of the gas, and these particles separate from the gas. The finely divided and light dust particles, together with the gas flow, rotate in the high pressure zone at a substantial distance on the surface of the plate, so that they cannot obtain sufficient acceleration in the radial direction and reach the gas outlet without separating from the gas.

In addition, this device requires a forced supply of gas by means of an inlet injector, which complicates its structure and increases its size.

15 Summary of the Invention

The object of the invention is to provide a device for cleaning gases which has a design of a rotor, an arrangement of gas flow paths and such cross-sectional areas which increase its handling capacity and the degree of gas cleaning.

This object is achieved by a device for cleaning gases, which has a housing and a rotor comprising a shaft and a plate mounted on the shaft, the housing being provided with gas inlet and outlet paths. . 25 and in the dirt outlet, and according to the invention further comprising at least one similar plate mounted on the shaft at a distance from the adjacent plate and in the housing a partition wall running in the direction of gas flows, the gas inlets and outlets being: 30 defined and passing by the housing walls and partition wall; tangential to the plates and with the dirt outlet in the gas outlet and extending the full length of the rotor.

This structure of the device makes it possible to ensure a flow diagram of the gas 35 by which the gas enters the device tangentially to the plates, with which the gas flow in the housing turns slightly and with which the gas flow leaves tangentially. Thus, the areas of the gas inlet and outlet paths are determined by the diameter of the plates and the axial length of the multi-plate rotor. With the diameter of the plates being preset, this arrangement makes it possible to ensure an increase in the cross-sectional areas of the gas flow paths due to the fact that increasing the length of the rotor thus produces a corresponding increase in the processing capacity of the device. In addition, a gentle change in the direction of gas flow in this device produces minimal energy losses in the moving gas flow, which in turn further increases the processing capacity of the device.

This gas flow diagram, which allows the gas 15 to enter and exit tangentially to the plates and ensures a gentle reversal of the gas flow in the housing of the device, ensures energy transfer to the dust particles over a longer distance, averaging half the plate circumference, improving gas purification.

At the same time, the structure of the device ensures undisturbed penetration of dust particles into the boundary layers on the surface of the plates, as the multi-plate rotor acts as a moving part of the fan and between the rotating rotor plates 25 and a lower pressure also develops in the gas inlet. As a result, all dust particles, regardless of their mass or size, receive enough energy to separate, thus ensuring a high degree of gas purification.

The device does not require a forced gas supply by means of an inlet path injector, as the multi-plate rotor provided -: * ·. · Mii as a moving part of the fan, which makes the device simple and compact.

li 5 85952

It is expedient for the shaft and the plates to be made of materials with good thermal conductivity, the shaft being connected to a heat exchanger.

This design allows the root-5 tors of the device to be used to perform both the moving part of the fan and the heat exchanger. This possibility expands the field of application of the device, and the rotor can be used for heat exchange, in particular to condense water vapor on the surfaces of the plates and to remove the condensed liquid through the impurity outlet by centrifugal forces. At the same time, the gas is cleaned of gaseous impurities dissolved in the condensed liquid. This design of the device allows the efficient purification of gases from the dispersed substances therein and the performance of heat exchange and mass exchange processes, i.e. the device can be used as both a fan and a heat exchanger and the gases can be cleaned of soluble gaseous impurities with high processing capacity in a relatively simple device. .

The shaft of the device is preferably hollow with its ends provided with radial openings for the flow of heat transfer medium and the heat exchange device in the form of a supercharger mounted at one end of the shaft 25 for pumping heat transfer medium through the interior of the shaft.

This embodiment of the device, especially when air from the surrounding atmosphere is used as a heat transfer medium, allows air to be pumped by means of a centrifugal fan blade mounted at one end of the shaft 30 without the use of a special fan. . drive motor. This arrangement improves the efficiency of the heat exchange as well as the drying and purification of the gases from dissolved gaseous impurities and greatly simplifies the structure of the heat exchange device.

6 85952

It is also preferred that the end opposite the end of the shaft on which the supercharger is mounted for pumping the heat transfer medium is surrounded by a choke connected to a thermostat for controlling the supply of heat transfer medium 5.

This design of the device, especially when the ambient air is used as a heat transfer medium and when the air temperature fluctuates randomly during operation, allows the temperature of the gas to be cleaned to be kept within a preset range when the heat transfer medium supply is automatically reduced in case the gas temperature drops, and the heat transfer medium supply is increased if the gas temperature rises. The conditions for heat exchange can also be varied according to a predetermined program.

The contaminant outlet may form at least one row of openings in the housing wall.

This structure ensures the removal of separated impurities by centrifugal forces from the gas outlet-20 path along the entire length of the rotor.

The contaminant discharge path can also be defined by at least one slit-like opening in the housing of the device.

This structure improves the conditions for the removal of separated contaminants due to the continuity of the contaminant removal path along the entire length of the rotor.

The gas outlet may be provided downstream of the pollutant outlet with a baffle plate: which is at a certain angle to the axis of the gas outlet and extends over its entire length.

. 30 This arrangement makes it possible to improve the degree of purification of the gases, since the baffle separates from the gas flow the part with the highest concentration of impurities '»', including fine and light particles, which: due to their low mass, do not have time to get closer to the housing wall; directs this flow to the contaminant removal path.

The contaminant outlet can be defined by the enclosure wall and the additional partition that is in the gas outlet.

This structure of the dirt outlet simplifies the structure of the device compared to embodiments in which the dirt outlet is formed by at least one row of openings or a slit-like opening in the housing wall at a certain angle to the axis of the gas outlet. This structure improves the degree of purification of the gases due to the separation and removal of the part of the gas stream with the highest concentration of impurities, including fine and light particles.

The outer edges of the plates are preferably corrugated. 15 This structure of the plates makes it possible to increase the handling capacity of the device due to the better aerodynamic properties of the rotor.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will now be described in detail in connection with specific embodiments of a gas cleaning device 20, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 generally illustrates a cross-section of a gas cleaning device according to the invention,

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken from point II to II of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a sectional view of arrow A of Figure 1 in the direction of view and illustrates a discharge path of impurities application-lutusmuotoa, 30 Figure 4 is a contaminant removal path a second embodiment the same way as shown in Figure 3,

Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a general embodiment of a gas cleaning device according to the invention, β 85952

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a gas cleaning device according to the invention,

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of VII to 5 VII of Fig. 6;

Figure 8 is a sectional view of VIII-VIII of Figure 7 and

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a circular section from IX to IX in Fig. 1.

10 Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

The device for cleaning gases according to the invention comprises a housing 1 (Fig. 1) and in it a rotor 2 with a shaft 3 and plates 4 fixed to the shaft (Fig. 2) at certain intervals relative to each other. The housing 15 1 has a gas inlet 5 (Fig. 1), a gas outlet 6 and an impurity outlet 7. The walls of the housing 1 and the partition wall 8 running parallel to the gas flows in the housing 1 define the roads 5 and 6. The roads 5 and 6 run tangentially to the plates 4. the outlet path 7 is in the outlet path 6 of the gas 20 and extends over the entire length of the rotor 2.

The shaft 3 of the rotor 2 is supported on the bearings 9 of the housing 1 (Fig. 2) and connected by means of a switch 10 to an electric motor 11 which is fixed to the housing 1 by means of a sleeve 12.

The contaminant discharge path 7 can form two rows of openings 13 (Fig. 3) in the wall of the housing 1.

The contaminant discharge path 7 may be formed by a single slit-like opening 14 (Fig. 4) in the wall of the housing 1.

The gas outlet 6 is downstream of the impurity outlet 7, as indicated by arrow B

(Fig. 1), a guide plate 15 at an angle α with respect to the axis 0X to 0X of the output path 6 and extending over the entire length of said path. The angle α is in the range 0 to 90 °. If the angle α is greater than 90 °, the dust particles pop from the baffle plate and are ejected back into the gas outlet 6 so that the cabbage 9 85952 is not cleaned of these dust particles, which deviates from the object and essential content of the invention defined below in the claims.

Next, another embodiment 5 for a device for cleaning gases from dispersed particles, moisture and soluble gaseous impurities will be described.

The device has a housing 18 (Fig. 6) and a rotor 19 with a shaft 20 and plates 21 10 (Fig. 7) attached thereto, which are mounted at certain intervals relative to each other. The housing 18 has a gas inlet 22, a gas outlet 23 and an impurity outlet 24. The walls of the housing 18 and the partition 25 in the housing 18 and running in the direction of the gas flows form the roads 22 and 23. The roads 22 and 23 15 run tangentially to the plates 21, and the path 24 is in the gas outlet 23 and extends the entire length of the rotor 19. The ends of the shaft 20 protrude from the housing 18 through openings 26 and 27 in the end walls 28 and 29 of the housing 18 and are supported on bearings 30 and 31 mounted on flanges 32 and 33 concentric with the axis of rotation 02-02 of the rotor 19 attached to the end walls 28 and 29 20 of the housing 18. The flanges 32 and 33 have interiors 34 and 35 and radial openings 36 and 37. The end of the shaft 20 on the flange 33 side is connected by a switch 38 to an electric motor 39 mounted by a sleeve 40 on the end surface of the flange 33. The shaft 20 and the plates 21 are made of materials with high thermal conductivity. Shaft 20 is hollow. The other end of the shaft which enters the interior 34 of the flange 32 has radial openings 41 flush with the openings 36 of the flange 32 and the opposite end of the shaft 20 which enters the interior 35 of the flange 33. . radial openings 42 are made with these openings flush with the openings 37 in the flange 33. The shaft 20 is connected to a heat exchanger including a centrifugal fan blade 43 mounted with openings 41 at the end of the shaft 85852 of the abutments 10 entering the interior 34 of the flange 32 for pumping heat transfer fluid through the interior 44 of the shaft 20. A bellows-type temperature controller 47 with a liquid is mounted outside the wall 29 (Fig. 8) of the housing 18 on an arm 45 fixed by a screw 46. The rod 48 of the temperature controller 47 is pivotally attached by a hinge pin 49 to an arm 50 connected to a choke 51 for adjusting the heat transfer medium supply, which includes a ring having radial openings 52 aligned with openings 37 in the flange 33 and openings 42 in the openings 42 of the shaft 20. being the same and the number of openings in the choke 51 and the flange 33 being equal. The choke 51 is mounted on the flange 33 for rotation about an axis 02-02.

The embodiments of the contaminant removal path 24 in this device are identical to the embodiments of the paths 7 (Fig. 1) and the paths 7 (Fig. 5).

The outer edges of the plates 4 (Figs. 1 and 5) and 21 (Fig. 7) may be corrugated. As an example illustrating this embodiment of the plates 4 and 21, a plate 4 with a corrugated outer edge is shown in Fig. 9.

The gas cleaning device works as follows.

When the rotor 2 rotates in the housing 1 of the arrow "25 ° direction (Fig 1) of the electric motor 11 effects Declaration, the gas leaves the arrow D as shown in the circulation gas inlet path due to the five rotor 2 in the rotation direction of the flow friction forces the plates four surfaces, flows around the housing 1 of the cylindrical wall inside surface positioned 30 reversing and enters the gas outlet 6. As the flow reverses due to the evolving centrifugal forces, dust particles and other solid impurities in the gas to be cleaned move radially in the spaces between the plates 4 of the rotor 2: 35 towards the cylindrical wall of the housing 1 together with part gas and impurities will discharge path 7 in the direction of arrow E indicated, and the purified gas passes along the gas outlet path 6 as shown by arrow B, to the user forwarded to it.

In this embodiment of the device, where the openings 13 or the slit-like opening 14 in the wall of the housing 1 form the impurity outlet 7, the baffle 15 separates from the gas flow the part with the highest concentration of impurities, including the finest and lightest particles 10, which do not have time to get closer the cylinder wall of the housing 1 due to the small mass, and directs them to the contaminant removal path 7.

In another embodiment of the device, the part of the gas flow containing the highest concentration of impurities 15, including the finest and lightest particles, which does not have time to get closer to the cylinder wall of the housing 1 due to low mass, is separated by an additional partition 17 and removed by the impurity outlet 7.

In another embodiment of the invention, the device for purifying gases operates in the following manner.

As the rotor 19 rotates in the housing 18 in the direction indicated by the arrow K (Fig. 6), the gas coming from the gas inlet 22 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow 25 S due to flow frictional forces on the plates 21, flows along the rotor 19 along the inner wall of the cylinder wall the output path 23. the flow turns in developing the centrifugal forces 30 the influence of dust particles and cleaned other solid impurities in the gas are transferred 21 the spaces between the rotor 19 of the plates radially toward the housing 18, the cylinder wall and will, together with part of the stream of gas impurities in the exhaust path 24 of the arrow n have shown in .: 35 continues downward, and the purified gas is fed to the user »*« # * · i2 85952 via output path 6, as indicated by arrow F. As the rotor 19 rotates the centrifugal fan Blade 43, which applies the device here acts as a heat exchanger, while providing reduced pressure to the interior 5 of the shaft 20. Air is drawn from the atmosphere through the radial holes 52 and 37 of the throttle 51 and the flange 33 into the interior 35 of the flange 33, and through the radial openings 42 at the end of the shaft 20 .

The centrifugal fan impeller 43 draws air into the interior 34 of the flange 32 through the radial openings 41 of the other end 20, and is pulled out of this space through the radial openings 36 of the flange 32. As the air flows through the interior 44 in the direction indicated by the arrows Z (Fig. 7), it cools the shaft 20 and the plates 21 attached thereto due to the good thermal conductivity of the support of their materials. Due to the heat exchange with the entire large contact surface of the cooled plates 21 through the interior of the housing 18 of the rotor 19, the temperature gradient cools to a dew point of the water vapor 20 in the gas sufficiently so that the liquid phase condenses on the surfaces of the plates 21. Due to the centrifugal forces, the layers of condensed liquid continuously flow away from the surfaces of the rotating plates 21 almost radially towards the cylinder wall of the housing and continuously renew on the surfaces of the plates 25 21 due to cooling of the moist gas entering the device through the gas inlet 22. The soluble gaseous impurities in the gas to be cleaned, for example ammonia, dissolve in the liquid layers condensed over the large total surface of the plates 21. The efficiency of dissolving the gaseous contaminants 30 in the liquid is improved by the movement of the gas as it flows in the housing 18 of the device as it rotates tangentially to the movement of the liquid as the liquid flows away from the surfaces of the plates 21 in a direction close to the radial direction. 35 The dissolution of gaseous impurities also takes place in the cylindrical wall of the housing 18 in a sealed layer which flows under this wall under the action of gas flow in the direction of rotation of the rotor 19. fed through the gas outlet to the user.

When the temperature of the heat transfer medium, which in this embodiment is air taken from the atmosphere, changes as an example of the weather, the thermostat 47 responds to the ambient temperature by changing its linear dimension and rotates the choke 51 around the flange 33 by a rod 48 connected to the choke 51 by a pivot pin 50. The radial openings 52 of the choke 15 51 move laterally from the radial openings 37 of the flange 33, changing the total cross-sectional area of the openings 37 and 52, thereby changing the supply of cool air from the atmosphere to the interior of the shaft 20. In the event that the air temperature decreases 20 kee, the choke 51 controlled by the thermostat 47 reduces the supply of cold air to the interior 44 of the shaft 20, and in the event that the air temperature rises, it increases the air supply automatically keeping the temperature of the rotor 19 at the required level. water vapor sealing plates 21 pin-. . 25 as the temperatures of the air taken from the atmosphere vary and also keeping the temperature of the gas to be cleaned and dried within a preset range.

Since the outer edges of the plates 4 and 21 are corrugated, the aerodynamic properties of the rotors 2 and 19 are substantially better, bearing in mind that they act as a moving part of the fan in the device. As a result, the processing capacity of the device increases.

The device according to the invention can be used for pumping gases and purifying them from dispersed substances, cooling, drying and purifying from soluble gaseous impurities with high efficiency and handling capacity, while the device is simple and compact in construction and easy to manufacture.

In addition, the device can be implemented in such a way that the thermostat is replaced by another actuator connected to the choke to control the supply of heat transfer medium, which can be controlled according to a predetermined program to change the heat exchange conditions in the same way as the thermostat at constant heat transfer medium temperature. to maintain the desired temperature of the gas to be cleaned within a preset range.

The device can also be used to clean gases of dust and other suspended contaminants while heating the gases to be cleaned using a heat transfer medium having a temperature higher than the temperature of the gases to be cleaned.

Industrial Applicability 20 The equipment described for gas purification can be used in air conditioning and ventilation systems in residential and industrial buildings and structures, as well as in public service spaces, cinemas, theaters, tunnels, railway stations, and so on.

. . 25 Such equipment may be used, in particular, in agriculture to clean the air of dust, to reduce the moisture content of the air and to remove ammonia during the winter from the air of holdings in which animals are kept confined.

li

Claims (9)

A device for cleaning gases, the housing (1, 18) of which comprises a rotor (2, 19) comprising a shaft 5 (3, 20) and a plate (4, 21) attached thereto, said housing (1, 18) being provided on the gas inlet and outlet paths (5, 6 and 22, 23) and on the contaminant outlet path (7, 24), characterized in that at least one of the same type is installed on the shaft (3, 20) of the rotor (2, 19). a plate (4, 21) separated from the adjacent plate (4, 21) by a certain distance, from the fact that the housing (1, 18) is provided with a partition wall (8, 25) running in the direction of the gas flow to the gas inlets and outlets (5, 6 and 22, 23) are defined by the walls and the partition wall (8, 25) of the housing (1, 18) and are arranged tangentially to the plates (4, 21), and in that the contaminant discharge path (7, 24) is made of gas. output path (6, 23) and extends the entire length of the rotor (2, 19). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shaft (20) and the plates (21) are made of highly thermally conductive materials, the shaft (20) being connected to a heat exchange device. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the shaft (20) has an interior space and radial openings (41, 42) at the ends of the shaft for the passage of heat transfer medium, while the heat exchange device is made on the other side of the shaft (20). in the form of an end-mounted stern wheel (43) for pumping heat transfer fluid through the interior (44) of said shaft (20). Device according to claim 3, characterized in that at the opposite end of the shaft (20) with respect to the end of said shaft on which is mounted a wheel for pumping heat transfer medium through the interior (44) of the shaft (20), there are radial openings (42) against a choke (51) 16 85952 connected to a thermal controller (47) for controlling the supply of heat transfer medium. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the contaminant discharge path (7, 24) 5 is defined by at least one row of openings (13) in the wall of the housing (1, 18). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the contaminant discharge path (7, 24) is defined by at least one slit-like opening (14) in the wall of the housing (1, 10 18). Device according to either of Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the gas outlet path (6, 23) has a guide plate (15) mounted downstream of the contaminant outlet path (7, 24) at an angle α to the gas outlet path (6, 23) with respect to the axis 0X - 0: and extends over the entire length of the exit path. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the contaminant discharge path (7, 24) is defined by a wall (16) of the housing (1,18) and an additional partition wall (17) 20 installed in the gas outlet (6, 23). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outer edges of the plates (4, 21) are corrugated. I: i7 85952