FI82422B - SJAELVBAERANDE CONSTRUCTION. - Google Patents

Description

82422

FI 1192 / 1988-09-19 / HK

SELF - SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

The invention relates to a self-supporting structure as set out in the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for implementing the structure as set out in the preamble of claim 10.

In the prior art, a self-supporting structure, such as an office, maintenance or machine protection space, a passenger compartment of a means of transport or a cab of a work machine, a residential unit or the like, comprises a self-supporting frame, usually formed of separate parts on a frame. A frame assembled from self-supporting elements is also known, one element of which is attached to the operating environment 10 while the frame is being formed, for example a floor element of a factory control room on the concrete floor of a factory hall.

In the prior art, several units, at least functionally separate, such as a transport, sanitary, cabin or similar operating unit, are arranged inside the self-supporting structure. It is known per se to bring this separate unit, for example, for attachment to said floor element before the final assembly of the self-supporting frame. This separate unit is at least mainly a self-supporting unit. In this implementation, the completion of the hull is delayed by the availability of separate units. In this case, for example, at the place of manufacture of the frames, an amount corresponding to the manufacturing schedule must either be stored from the separate unit or the manufacturing schedule must be adjusted according to the number of arrivals of the units. The disadvantage is therefore storage costs or a possible time delay.

Another known way of implementing a self-supporting structure is to first manufacture a self-supporting body, after which a separate drive unit for self-supporting is assembled from separate parts inside the body. Manufacturing a separate unit inside the body is a slow and cumbersome implementation.

As an example of the prior art, the construction of a train car is shown. The sub-elements of the frame, such as the base, side walls, roof, 2 82422 end walls and inner walls, are assembled into separate structural elements on the basis of an assembly jig. The frame is assembled from the structural elements either directly on the carriage or in the assembly hall. The frame is insulated and rust protected.

5 After this, the so-called Body Cabling or Piping of the electrical, HVAC, air-conditioning and similar transmission connections of the hull is carried out. The wall, floor, roof, etc. required for the construction of separate units, such as cabins, toilet units, etc., are carried inside the hull. When the unit is complete without a door wall, cabin furniture or toilet unit furniture is brought to 10 units. After the construction and connection of the unit-specific electrical, HVAC, air-conditioning or similar arrangement to the frame connection and the completion of the door wall, the train wagon is ready on the bogie or transferred to the bogie for attachment.

15 In addition to the disadvantages of the prior art observed in the past, the concept of decentralized manufacturing cannot be effectively exploited by the traditional method.

The object of the invention is to provide a self-supporting structure, and a method for implementing it, so that at least the main part of the self-supporting body 20 and said unit can be independently obtained to a high degree of manufacture. A further aim is to assemble the entire self-supporting structure at the manufacturing site, which need not necessarily be at the manufacturing site of the body or unit.

The object and object of the invention are achieved by the features of the invention set out in the main claim 25 and the method claim 10.

Independent manufacturing takes place in such a way that the self-supporting structural elements of the frame form the external dimensions of the frame and the connection of the entire structure to the operating environment, which later implements or essentially completes the frame. Correspondingly, a separate unit comprising furniture and equipped with electrical, HVAC and air conditioning, etc. transmission implementations and connections is introduced into the frame. Another application of the independent implementation comprises a self-supporting one

II

3,82422 A unit forming a whole for introducing blocks or elements into the body.

Prior to the introduction of the unit (or the like), a frame transfer implementation with its connections has been implemented in the frame and an opening arrangement to be closed by the structural element 5 or the closing member has been arranged. The unit, unit block or element is introduced into the body through an opening arrangement.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to the passenger compartment of a train car. The self-supporting structural elements of the frame comprise a base element to be attached to the carriage bogie, a roof element, at least two wall elements with windows and at least two end elements with doors / windows. The end element or a member thereof, a roof element or a wall element, or a separate member of the element, is a closing member of the opening arrangement. For example, when the entire wall element forms a closing member, the drive units can be introduced into the body 15 from the side of the body. This allows the unit to be brought in quickly and easily controlled in the lateral directions. The use of the roof element as a closing member makes it possible, for example, to manufacture the roof element and other frame assembly in different places, to manufacture the drive unit and to bring the drive unit in - from above and to close the opening arrangement in the same place. The use of an end element or this member as a closing member makes it possible to introduce the separate units in the longitudinal direction of the passenger compartment, which is advantageous in an assembly hall where the lateral space is limited.

25 In order to allow unobstructed entry of the separate unit, the mating connections of the frame transmission implementation, for example the HVAC frame piping, are arranged so that they are not in the transmission path.

A separate unit, unit block or element is introduced into the frame through the end opening of the frame and moved into place along the floor walls of the frame 30. As an alternative implementation, the unit, unit block or element is introduced through a roof opening or a wall opening into a frame provided with a floor member. If said opening comprises approximately a dimension to be covered by a pile structural element, such as a roof element, the unit can be guided from the outside 4 82422 to be moved approximately directly to its final installation location. When the wall opening comprises a part of the side wall, the necessary lateral displacements are naturally performed inside the frame to guide the unit, block or element to its installation location along the unobstructed floor member of the frame.

A preferred drive unit comprises a substantially floorless prefabricated cabin unit which, when installed, is fixed to either the floor member or the bottom element of the hull and is provided with a cabin-specific carpet or similar interior arrangement. A floorless cabin unit assembled from prefabricated self-supporting cabin blocks or formed by spreading and attached to the frame can also be equipped with a separate cabin-specific mat.

A separate unit, for example a toilet unit, can be a separate operating unit or in connection with a floorless cabin unit. Such a separate unit is provided with a floor member covering its base.

A cabin unit or other drive unit assembled from unit elements comprises transfer implementations arranged in connection with these elements. Elements include, for example, a predominantly self-supporting toilet module, a ceiling, a wall or the like; possibly stiffening two wall elements, such as a bed attached to two walls, a wardrobe, etc.

In the method according to the invention, said frame is made of self-supporting structural elements to form external projections, an opening arrangement to be closed by a closure member of the frame and connection of the frame to the operating environment. In this way, at least the production of the main body is made independent of the production of the drive unit. A separate furnished drive unit, unit block or element comprising a transfer implementation and connection is imported. 30 to the frame through the opening arrangement and is moved along an unobstructed transmission path. Said unit or transferred subassembly is attached to the frame; said objects can also be attached to each other.

The barrier-free transmission path is implemented by equipping the frame with a floor member 5 82422 and constructing the frame arrangements of electrical, air-conditioning, HVAC, etc. transmission implementations and their counter-connections so that there are no obstacles in the transmission path. The frame arrangement can be built into the frame; alternatively, assemble the already constructed frame-5 sub-assemblies into the structural elements so that the drive unit can be connected to the mating connection.

Possibly already completed implementation of the self-supporting structure is achieved by closing said opening arrangement after the introduction of all drive units, unit blocks and / or elements. The definition "possibly already completed" in this context means one of the two alternatives, the self-supporting frame is already connected to the operating environment, the self-supporting frame is connected to the environment after closure.

By these measures, the manufacture of the frame, the manufacture of the drive unit or unit block / element, the manufacture of at least the main part of the self-supporting structure, and even its connection to the operating environment can be carried out independently of location. These measures enable a fast, simple and process-advantageous, if necessary decentralized production arrangement. The method makes it possible to advantageously utilize a method known per se for manufacturing subassemblies by prefabrication.

A preferred embodiment comprises a method for manufacturing a train car body from self-supporting structural elements, so that according to the invention said opening arrangement is formed in the body. Structural elements include, for example, a base element to be fastened to the bogie, a roof element, at least two wall elements with windows and two end elements with doors / windows.

The closing member is formed, for example, from a roof, end, wall element or a separate sub-member of the element. In this way, the feature that otherwise closes the outer circuit of the body of said element / member is advantageously utilized. The opening arrangement can also be closed with a so-called technology module, which closes the body of the train car; alternatively, a module implementing the connection and coupling of two consecutive wagons is used. The closing member can also be formed of a prefabricated technical module which is attached to the frame and which is connected to the electrical, air-conditioning, HVAC or similar plant of the train.

The drive unit consists of a self-supporting cabin unit or a sanitary unit that is closed mainly to its surroundings. The drive unit can be formed by bringing a prefabricated cabin unit or at least two cabin blocks 10 to be connected to each other; it is also within the scope of the invention to use prefabricated, self-supporting cabin unit elements to assemble the cabin unit.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which

Fig. 1 shows a body 15 ns in an explosion pattern according to an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 shows the transfer of separate units inside the body,

Fig. 3 shows a variation of the embodiment according to Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the transfer of units, Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of the transfer,. Fig. 6 shows a variation of the embodiment according to Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 shows a second variant of the embodiment according to Fig. 5,

Fig. 8 shows a separate unit,

Fig. 9 is a top sectional view of the unit of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 shows another embodiment of a separate unit, Fig. 11 shows an arrangement for connecting transmission implementations.

Figure 1 shows the body of a train car with side wall elements 1, end walls 2, bottom element 3 and roof element 4. The end wall V 2, which can also be a self-supporting element, acts as a closing member of the end opening 5 leading to the frame. acts as a closing member of the side opening 6, if necessary, when separate units are moved through the opening 6 through the opening 6 along the entire distance of the side wall. The side wall 1 has windows 7 and exterior doors 8.

7 82422

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the transfers are carried out through the end opening 5. The air conditioning frame piping 9 and the electrification frame cabling 10 are built in the frame. The vacuum tank 11 and the water tank 12 belong to the water / sewer system 5 of the train car. Said technical arrangements of the train car are connected to the corresponding systems of the train via the technical unit 13. Arrangements 9-12 are constructed in parts in connection with the prefabrication of elements 1,3-4 and attached or embedded in a suitable element. Alternatively, these arrangements can be constructed in a nearly finished body 10 (opening 5 open) so that they are substantially ready to be connected to the technical unit before the separate units 15 are introduced. Reference numeral 14 describes an inner wall to be attached to the inside of the side wall 1.

The prefabricated self-supporting cabin unit 15 comprises a toilet module 16, 15 whose electrical, air-conditioning, HVAC, etc. arrangements are connected to the corresponding connections of the hull when the cabin 15 has been moved into place and fixed to the hull. Figure 2 shows a water pipe / connection 17 and a vacuum drain / connection 18, which are thus implemented, in which an unobstructed transmission path is formed from the outside to the cabin unit inside the hull.

-20 The floor of the train car is marked with the reference number 19. Cabin 15 can also be ··: fixed to the floor 19 attached to the base 3. After all cabins 15, any separate toilet units or modules 16 and technical units have been moved inside, the opening 5 is closed by an end wall 2.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the invention in which, instead of the end wall 2, the closing member is a separate self-supporting end element 20, a so-called technical module with a technical unit 13 and a partition structure forming an access opening K. This structure has the advantage over the end embodiment of Figure 1 that the installation of the technical unit 13 30 in place is independent of the movement of the cabins 15.

In the embodiment according to Figure 4, the cabin 15 is moved through the opening 6 in the side wall 1. In this case, the closing member 1a of the opening is, for example, a wall part provided with a window 7, the fastening of which to the side wall 1 can be implemented in several different ways. An advantage of the implementations of Figures 2 and 3 35 is the completion of the ends of the train carriage independently of the movement of the cabins 15.

8 82422

Figures 5-7 show the transfer of the cabin 15 and the cabin blocks 26 to the hull through an opening structure left in the roof structure of the hull. The cabin 15 can be brought in through an opening 22 5 slightly larger than its dimensions, which can be closed by a roof member 21. The entire roof area can also be reserved for bringing in the cabins 15 (Fig. 6). In this case, of course, the opening 23 corresponds approximately to the dimensions of the roof element 4. This is a very suitable arrangement if it is desired to bring in cabins 15 that deviate from the normal cabin. As an example 10, a cabin 15a is shown, which is supported by a partition wall 15b with a lockable door, by means of which the carriage of the carriage can be divided into several different compartments.

Figure 7 shows the introduction of the cabin block 26 into the hull. The opening 24 may be smaller than the opening 22 in Figure 5, respectively smaller than the member 21 of the closing member 25.

A prefabricated self-supporting, e.g. bottomed cabin 15 and its toilet module is illustrated in Figures 8 and 9. The cabin has a front wall E, side walls S and a rear wall T, a bed 27, a table 28 and a closet 29.

* ·: 20 The VJC module 16 has a pool 30 and a seat 31 connected to their own systems.

Figure 10 shows an implementation of assembling the cabin 15 ready-made! elements 16, 32-35. The front wall 35 has a passage opening 36 provided with a door. At the lower part of the walls 33-35 there is a support strip 37. Fig. 11 25 shows the connection of the cabins 15 systems to the hull systems. As an example, the connection of the air conditioning pipe 9 to the main piping in the upper space 39 of the carriage and the implementation of water (17) and sewer (18) connections below the floor 19 have been described.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but several variations of it are possible to implement the appended claims. within the framework of the

Four variations of the invention are described below by way of example.

9 82422

Example 1.

Described herein is a service unit in a self-supporting structure, which may typically be a train carriage or other passenger compartment, an offshore or site catering facility, an office divided into separate rooms 5, or other structure comprising separate units.

The prefabricated separate unit 15 is formed of elements that substantially correspond to the elements illustrated in Figure 10 with some modifications. In the kiosk unit variant, module 16 is a frozen / chilled-10 rotten module for storing chilled or refrigerated foods. The door closing the passage 36 of the front wall 35 is a two-part door structure known from kiosk structures, the upper half of which can be opened and closed independently of the lower half. A service door corresponding to the door 8 15 of the window 7 of Fig. 1 can be arranged in the rear wall 34 for loading supplies.

Example 2.

The prefabricated separate unit 15 is formed mainly of the elements illustrated in Fig. 10 and the two partition wall elements 15b (Fig. 6) to form a kiosk unit for a train carriage or other one-way elongate structure. The unit divides the train carriage into two separate compartments, for example a normal day compartment and a rest / night compartment with sleeping areas. While this solution enables the availability of a kiosk service in both departments, the additional advantage of avoiding external through-25 traffic in the rest department is achieved.

One kiosk unit structure comprises expanded side walls formed by elements 15b. These elements 15b completely replace the first side wall 33 of the conventional unit 15 and functionally extend the second wall circuit (33 + 16) so that the extended side walls thus formed extend over the carriage corridor 38. At the corridor, each extended side wall may have a door / service structure known from kiosk structures, whose separately openable upper half is intended for service.

10 82422

The kiosk unit module 16 corresponds to the cold module shown in Example 1. For example, the side wall portions on each side of the module 16 can be implemented as a single element so as to be connected to each other by a member closing the upper space 39 (not shown). Also in this variant 5, the maintenance operation of the kiosk is carried out through a windowed service door 8, whereby the replenishment operation can be easily performed without disturbing the passengers.

The described kiosk unit can be introduced into the frame by applying the procedure described, for example, in connection with Figures 1 and 6. If there is an inlet opening 6 along the entire side wall of the frame 1C, the kiosk unit can be easily installed in the desired location.

Example 3.

In connection with the kiosk unit described in Examples 1 and 2, it is possible to implement a unit 15 modified from the solution of Fig. 9, in which instead of furniture 27-29 the inside sides of the walls S, T have a so-called bar shelf and in front of it a number of bar stools or the like. to arrange a coffee shop.

Example 4.

The advantageous utilization of the service unit 20 described in Examples 1-3 is directed to the use of the kiosk unit on a train to which a normal restaurant car is not connected. Known per se is a kiosk service at a train station or sometimes also at a stop. The problem is that the train stops at the station for a short time, so that passengers already on the train do not reach kiosk services. It is also known as a magazine, refreshment and other sales service in the form of a so-called carrier or serving trolley, in which a limited number of sales items are transported through the trolley. The disadvantage of this procedure is that due to the narrow aisle of the sleeping compartment, the serving trolley is often not easily transported through the trolley. Connecting a normal restaurant car to most 30 trains is not economically viable; in addition, this form of service lacks, for example, a newspaper sales service.

il 82422

The use of a kiosk unit according to the invention in a train car avoids the described disadvantages and can advantageously increase the services provided to passengers. By using a unit with a service door in connection with the rear wall 34, the replenishment 5 can easily be carried out at a station or stop without interfering with the other operation of the cabin. The kiosk unit can also be used in train traffic where the restaurant car is not used uneconomically, for example in commuter traffic.

Claims (10)

82422 1990-06-18 FI 1192 PV A method of constructing a train carriage or similar unit comprising a frame, a closed outer shell and a plurality of compartments serving the use of the unit, such as passenger sleeping or seating compartments, a toilet and / or washing compartment (15,16), characterized in that the frame is known per se. making said compartments as movable, self-supporting modular elements to be mounted separately in the unit, providing the outer shell with a closable opening during the finishing step through which said modules can be moved into the unit, and that essentially the entire interior of the unit is constructed using said modules. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closing element of the opening is formed by an end, wall or roof element (20, 1, 4) or a combination thereof. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the so-called closing element of the opening and connection of the train car is used as the closing element of the opening. technology module (20). Method according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the unit is provided with a substantially flat base structure on which the module elements are mounted and along which the module elements can be moved during the installation phase. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the base structure of the unit is provided with a floor level corresponding to the use of the unit and that at least a substantial part of the module elements are manufactured at least mainly without its own floor surface. 82422 A train carriage or similar unit according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a frame, a closed outer shell and a plurality of compartments serving the use of the unit, such as passenger sleeping or sitting compartments, a toilet and / or washing compartment (15,16), characterized in that the frame in a manner known per se is a self-supporting outer shell and interior support element, that said compartments are movable self-supporting modular elements to be mounted separately in the unit, that the outer shell is provided with a dimensioned opening built using said modular elements. Unit according to Claim 6, characterized in that the closing element of the opening is formed by an end, wall or roof element (20, 1, 4) or a combination thereof. Unit according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the closing element of the opening is the so-called connection between the train car and the connections to the other car. technology module (20). Unit according to Claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that it is provided with a substantially flat base structure on which the modular elements are mounted. along which the module elements can be moved during the installation phase. A unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the base structure of the unit is provided with a floor level corresponding to the use of the unit and that at least a substantial part of the modular elements are manufactured at least mainly without its own floor surface. Il 82422 1990-06-20 1192 FI