FI81664C - ETT FOER INRE OCH OTTRE UTRYMMEN AVSETT ELVAERMEELEMENT OCH KONSTRUKTION. - Google Patents

Description

1 81664

Electric heating element and structure for indoor and outdoor use

The invention relates to an electric heating element or structure for indoor and outdoor use, which consists of a layer consisting of a heat-equalizing and charging material and possibly other substances, in which an electric heating resistor is embedded.

The transition to electric heating places very specific material requirements on the types of heating elements used. The material surrounding the heating element must quickly and efficiently transfer heat to the air space surrounding the heating element. In addition, the material is required to have suitable heat-conducting thermal conductivity and suitable heat-storing specific heat. The problem of the invention is therefore how to find a heating element material which is easy to process and has good mechanical properties, which receives the heat given off by the thermal heating element, stores it and transfers it further in a suitable manner.

Until now, concrete has been used as the material for indoor and outdoor heating surfaces, which has good casting and mechanical properties, but which is not able to equalize and store heat in a suitable way. Indoor electric heating elements, such as radiators, have generally been made of a metal that quickly and efficiently transfers heat from the heating element to the air space surrounding the radiator. However, the high thermal conductivity of the metal in relation to its characteristic heat causes a momentary strong heating of the heating element, which causes dust and odor nuisances indoors. The metal heating element is also ionizable, electrostatic and electrically conductive, all properties of which are harmful or even dangerous.

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Previous material FI-874 461, 880 058, 880 637 and 881 591 discloses a material used in various indoor and outdoor heating elements, which essentially consists of a highly heat-equalizing and heat-storing aggregate such as magnetic and / or soapstone. Natural stone such as soapstone has good thermotechnical properties, but its disadvantage is its relatively high price.

The object of the present invention is to provide an electric heating element and structure for indoor and outdoor spaces, by means of which the disadvantages of said prior art electric heating elements can be eliminated. The invention is thus mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of the claims. It has thus surprisingly been found that blast furnace slag, steel slag or ferrochrome slag can be used as the material for indoor and outdoor electric heating elements. The invention is based on the idea that slags, which are generally manufactured in such a way that they have a large pore space which causes thermal insulation, are indeed manufactured in such a way that they have little or no pore space, so that their thermal conductivity and heat capacity are much higher than usual.

Thus, the invention relates to a material for indoor and outdoor electric heating elements and structures, which essentially consists of slag with very little or no pore space, obtained during iron processing. Depending on the desired properties, the electrically heated element or material may consist of slag compacted into a hard material by powder metallurgy with possible additives, or it may consist of a casting mass, e.g. consisting of a binder, substantially non-porous slag and possibly other substances.

The slag used in the present invention may be any slag used in an iron fabrication-refining process,

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3 81 664 such as ground oven slag, acidic or basic blade slag or preferably ferrochrome slag. The slag is formed on the surface of the salt iron refinery, from where it is recovered, cooled and crushed to a suitable roughness. Preferred ferrochrome slag contains 27-29 wt-X silica, 23-2Θ wt-X alumina, 22-27 wt-X magnesium oxide, 3-8 wt-X potassium oxide and 2-4 wt-X iron. It is neither radioactive nor water soluble. The pH is between 8.75 and 8.90. It is generated in connection with the production of ferrochrome approx. 240,000 t / a.

The powder metallurgical compression of the slag into an electric heating segment takes place with possible additives such as binders and compression friction and pressure reducing agents, either without heating or with heating that activates the binders and / or sinter the slag in question. The pressing is preferably carried out by pressing the slag compact directly around the heating element.

The electric heating element and structure may also consist of an ordinary casting mass containing said substantially non-porous slag, a suitable binder and other substances. Such material may, depending on the desired properties, contain from about 5 to 50, preferably from about 5 to 30, by weight of X binder, which is preferably cement. The amount of slag is 10-90, preferably 20-70 by weight-X of the total amount of material. A rock material such as sand which improves the casting properties of the casting mass, strengthens the final product, may be present in an amount of 10 to 90, preferably 30 to 80 by weight. When the binder is cement, water is added at about 2-60, preferably 2-40 wt-X.

By indoor and outdoor electric heating element according to the invention is meant any radiator, panel, slab, stone, or screed containing an electric heating resistor. In the electric heating element, the heat equalization and heat capacity can be further improved by adding to the material 4,81664 soapstone and / or magnesite according to FI applications 874 461, 880 058, 880 637 and 881 591, which have very advantageous thermotechnical properties for this purpose.

According to an interior embodiment of the invention, the electric heating element or structure may be a conventional radiator or, preferably, a building or panel plate forming an integrated part of the walls, floor and / or ceiling of the living space. It is then in the form of prefabricated elements inside which one or more heating elements pass. Such elements can be connected together into larger entities, such as a living room heating floor, a thermal wall, a thermal roof or a thermal staircase. In general, it can be said that the larger the indoor electric heating element, the smaller the disadvantages and dangers associated with electric heating. The prefabricated indoor electric heating element is surface-treated either at the factory or in the living room by painting, wallpapering, coating with fiberglass cloth, staining, tiling or cladding with natural stone or wood. The thickness dimension of such a heating element storing thermal energy can be e.g. about 2-5 cm and its height e.g. about 30-60 cm and its length e.g. about 60-120 cm.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a slag with little or no pore space can also be used as a leveling compound, the function of which is to act as a heat-storing and leveling leveling layer in floors, etc., when using internal electric heating of the floor or the like. In this case, the leveling layer helps to achieve an even heat distribution throughout the floor or the like and also helps to store heat, smoothing out the temperature fluctuations caused by periodic heating. Such a leveling compound suitably acts as a leveling compound until it is coated with, for example, natural stone, tile, plastic, wood, etc. Its preferred applications are in damp areas such as bathrooms and swimming pools, but also in underfloor-heated living rooms such as fireplaces and living rooms. screed.

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According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the slag substantially free of pore space can be used in such electric heating elements, which form a ship tiling or upholstery of self-melting outdoor spaces. In this case, they can be placed in a row substantially parallel to the power supply line and connected to the power supply line, preferably in series. One object of this embodiment is a thermal seat for sports facilities, open-air theaters, etc., which is placed either in connection with existing structures above or below them, or integrated into new banking structures. The elements may be permanent or temporary and are preferably connected in series to minimize electrical damage.

When a self-melting sidewalk, pedestrian street, car or train stop, etc. is formed, melt water is easily formed. The problems caused by it can be solved by placing the rows of heated elements with the power supply lines substantially parallel to planes which tilt so that melt water flows into gutters and / or sewer pipes embedded in the intersection lines of the tilting surfaces, preferably heated by electrically connected resistors. The dimensions of the elements serving as the base structure for light traffic are, for example, in the order of approximately 600 x 1200 x 200 mm. The elements according to this embodiment, i.e. used for tiling and upholstery of self-screening exteriors, can also be used to make self-screening stairs so that the heating elements form the steps of the stairs, whereby they are connected to the power supply lines running parallel to the stairs. Such heat step steps are preferably fixed with a mortar to a pre-cast concrete scaffold. The dimensions of the thermal step films are, for example, in the order of 300 x 600 x 200 mm.

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The electric heating element according to the present invention can operate with time switching, temperature switching, manual, plug and / or night electric connection. If necessary, the elements can be connected in parallel or in series by means of fixed or end-of-wire connection elements.

Since the electric heating element and structure according to the invention is an excellent electrical insulating material, it is advantageous to partially or completely integrate other electrical functions, such as lighting, plugs, etc. The electric heating elements according to the invention can also be connected together using a living room lighting rail.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the figures, in which Figure 1 shows an electric heating element equalizing and accumulating heat according to an embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 shows an electric heating element according to another embodiment of the invention integrated in the floor, wall and ceiling of the invention. Fig. 4 shows the manufacture of a natural-stone heating element and a ceramic tile heating element having the structure according to Fig. 3 in a prefabricated factory, Fig. 5 shows the electric heating elements according to the invention so that the melt water or rainwater is directed to the sewer, Fig. 7 shows the heat step elements and Fig. 8 shows heat seats made of electric heating elements according to the invention for exterior benchs.

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Figure 1 shows an electric heating element 1 according to the present invention in the form of a radiator. Electric heating element 1 consists of a heat transfer material 2 and a heat transfer material 3 inside it. The heat transfer material consists of slag with little or no pore space and possibly other substances such as binder, magnetic road and / or soapstone. The electric heating element is manufactured either by powder metallurgical means or by casting concrete mass, for example.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the heating element is connected to the mains by means of a plug 4. The temperature is then controlled by a battery-specific thermostat. Of course, the heating can also be adjusted centrally, in which case a separate heating circuit is used, to which the radiators are connected. In this case, it is also possible to take advantage of, for example, cheaper night electricity, the heat generated by which, due to the heating element 1 which partially stores thermal energy, also affects the time of day.

The electric energy equalizing and storing electric heating e 1 according to the invention can also advantageously be integrated into the living room wall assembly, as shown in the figure. 2 is shown. It integrates into the ceiling, the right wall and the floor of the living room 6 a complete thermal energy storage element system 1 ', the heat exchange capacity of which with the indoor air of the living room 6 is very high due to the large surface area.

The roof and floor structures of the heating element system 1 'consist of two elements 1 "and 1"', which are connected together via a longitudinal power supply line 7. The power supply line 7 passes through the roof, wall and floor structures and is connected to the heating resistors 3 "'on said surfaces. Other electrical devices, such as the luminaire shown in the figure, can also be connected to the supply line 7.

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Arranged under the window in the rear wall of the living room shown in Fig. 2 are two series-connected electric heating elements 1 "" and 1 "" ', which extend along the rear wall of the living room and in the upper direction all the way to the lower edge of the window.

Since the heat generated by the heating element of such an electric heating element system is rapidly transferred to the indoor air of the living room, the required temperature difference between the heat radiator and the air is very small. This reduces the convection current in the air and thus the amount of dust in the air. In addition, the electric radiator and dust pyrrolizing effect are eliminated. Thus, it can be said that all dust allergies, odor nuisances and other respiratory nuisances are decisively reduced thanks to the electric heating element according to the present invention.

Since the electric heating element according to the invention is made of aggregate, it has no ionizing parts or electrostatics as in metal heat radiators. Thanks to its electrically insulating properties, accidents due to electric shocks have been effectively eliminated. Its low temperature also prevents, for example, children from burning their hands.

According to another embodiment of the invention, which is directed to an electric heating element for exterior construction, the structure of which is shown in Figure 3, the surface of the structure has tiles 6, which are preferably of natural stone or ceramic tile. The tiles are sealed to each other with a waterproof sealant 9. Beneath the tiles is a heat-leveling layer 10 acting as a heating layer, which according to the invention at least partially consists of slag substantially free of pore space. The electric heating element according to this embodiment is preferably manufactured by casting, in which case it contains, in addition to the slag, a binder and possibly other components of the casting compound. Stone types known from the above-mentioned patent applications, such as magnesite and / or soapstone, can also be added to the pulp. An electric heating element is embedded in the heat leveling layer 10

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9 81664 11, which is preferably tied to a steel mesh or reinforcement reinforcing the element about 2 cm from the insulation. Below the heat exchanger 10 there is further preferably an insulating layer 12, e.g. of cellular plastic, preferably cellular polystyrene, having a density of at least 25 kg / m 2. Such an insulating layer prevents heat conduction into the structures below the element, acts as a dampener and stabilizer of the dynamic vibration, shock and load caused by traffic, and acts as a protective and reinforcing part of the element.

Figure 4 shows two methods of manufacturing different elements. The left shows the production of a natural stone element in which natural stones 6 are placed on the bottom of the mold and a waterproof sealant 9 is added between them. The mold is then filled to a level corresponding to the desired thickness of the leveling compound with a wet slag-containing leveling compound, preferably a heating resistor 11 preferably bonded to steel mesh or reinforcement, arranged substantially horizontally in the middle of the thermal leveling layer. Finally, a thermal insulation layer 12, which is preferably a cellular polystyrene-like foam, is placed on top of the heat leveler 10.

The right side of Figure 4 shows the factory manufacture of the ceramic tile element. In it, the thermal insulation layer 12 is placed on the bottom of the plastic, after which the slag-containing thermal screed 10 with its thermal coatings 11 and possibly steel meshes and reinforcements is introduced into a mold and finally ceramic tiles 6 are placed on the thermal screed 10 so that a waterproof sealant 9

In the elements shown in Fig. 4, the heating resistor 11 is connected to a plug 13, through which electricity can be conducted from the power supply line to the heating resistor 11. The thickness of the electrical elements for outdoor use is preferably 100-300 mm. The preferred width of the elements is of the order of 10 81 664 600 mm and the length is either of the same order of magnitude as the width or

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on the order of about 1200 mm. Thus, a 600 x 600 mm element 2 will weigh about 100 kg / piece and a 600 x 1200 mm element about 200 kg / piece.

It is preferable to mechanically install the elements as shown in Fig. 5 as a light traffic base structure so that the heating elements are arranged in a line substantially parallel to the power supply line 14 and connected to these power supply lines 14 by short wires and plugs. as shown in Figure 5. The planes can be tilted, for example, from the middle upwards so that the melt water flows into the troughs 15, which are heated by an electrical resistor 16 connected in the same connection.

Figure 6 shows the directing of rainwater to a sewer pipe 15 by means of a base structure formed of elements according to the invention. The figure also shows how the vessel structure can be connected to e.g. a lantern pole 17 and equipped with night electric switches 18.

Figure 7 shows a top view of a thermal step element, a front view of an element of the same type and a side sectional view of steps in which the steps are formed by said thermal step elements. The elements are similar to other electric heating elements of the light traffic chassis structure, i.e. they consist of a slab layer 8, a thermal screed thermal resistance layer 10 and 11, and a thermal insulation layer 12. The elements are connected to the power supply line 14 via a single line and plug 13.

The heat step elements are attached to a stepped concrete base 20 by means of a fixing mortar 19. The power supply line 14 or lines run parallel to the steps next to them. The condensate is either evaporates from the surface of the elements indicated by the arrow or come below a staircase arranged in the drain.

Fig. 8 shows electric heating elements 1 according to the invention arranged on top of the benches 21 of the exterior view, which consist of heating resistors 11 embedded in a heat equalizing and charging material. The material consists of slag substantially free of pore space and possibly other substances such as binders, magnesite and / or flux. The elements are connected via individual lines 13 to the power supply lines 14 in the direction of the benches. With this system, the benches of the outdoor stands remain melted, dry and warm.

Claims (9)

12 81 664 1. For the purposes and conditions of the material element and the construction of the material and the accumulation of material and, where appropriate, the material is determined to be <2; 10), i vilket är inlagt ett eluppvärmningsmot-ständ <3; 11), kännetecknat av atten väsentlig del av det värmeutjämnande och -accumulerande materialet <2; 10) bestir av masugne-, stäl- eller ferrokromslagg med litet eller inga fria porutrymmen och eventuellt andra kompenter. 1. An electric heating element or structure for indoor and outdoor use, consisting of a layer of heat equalizing and storage material and possibly other substances <2; 10) with an electric heating element <3 embedded in it; 11), characterized in that a substantial part of the heat-equalizing and storage material (2; 10) comprises earth, steel or ferrochrome slag with little or no pore space, and possibly other components. 2. An element or construction according to claim 1, which can be connected to a ferrochrome slag. Element or structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the slag is ferrochrome slag. 3. A construction according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the same color and accumulating material as the other component having a magnesium content and / or t 1. 14 81 664 Structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat-equalizing and storage material contains magnetite and / or soapstone as other components. 4 · Elements or constructions of the same type of patent, which can be used to make the binding binder and the base of the frame compact. Element or structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains a binder and a sealing aid. 5 · Elements or constructions of the same type as those contained in the patent, which may be incorporated into the composition of the material. Element or structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also contains a hard aggregate such as sand. 6- Elements or constructions according to the patented patent, which are designed to provide a powder metallurgical compress. Element or structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a powder metallurgical extrudate. 7 · Elements or constructions of the same type as those contained in the patent, which are intended to incorporate the same or more specific features. Element or structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a cast, preferably concrete, piece. Θ. Element or structure according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is in the form of elements for outdoor use in which, in addition to the heat-equalizing layer II '3 81664 and the charge CIO), there is a surface layer <8 on the heating side; 9), which is preferably natural stone or ceramic tiles C8) sealed to each other with a waterproof sealant (9), and on the non-heating side, if necessary, a thermal insulation layer (12), which is preferably a cellular polystyrene-like foam. 9. Use of an element or structure as a driveway, pavement, pedestrian street, car or train stop or exterior seat heating element, which element consists of a layer of heat equalizing and charging material and possibly other materials <2; 10), in which an electric heating cloth is embedded, characterized in that a substantial part of the heat-equalizing and charging material <2; 10) comprises slag with little or no pore space, and possibly other components. Pa ^ tUkrav 8 · Element or construction according to claims 1-7 of the invention, the elements of which are included in the form of an element to be used in the form of a battery (10) The best elements of the use and accumulation of materials and eventual övriga material pA den värmande sidan uppvisar ett ytskikt <8; 9), the first step is to account for the use of a watten-free gripping means <9> with a natural or ceramic key <8), and with the use of a double-sided ring (12) is a step-by-step method with a type of cell. 9. Användningen av ett element eler construction eom farled, trottoar, spatsergata, bil- eller tAghAllplats ell sitsvärmningselement för ytterläktare, vilket element bestAr av ett skikt <2; 10) the material and the accumulating material and, if appropriate, the material, and in particular the life of the material and the accumulating material and the accumulating material and the accumulating material (2, 10) -utrymmen, och eventuellt övriga component. Il