FI77601B - FLERSKIKTSAEKERHETSGLAS. - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A laminated pane comprising a glass sheet, a transparent intermediate layer based on polyurethane having energy-absorbing properties, and a transparent coating layer of self-healing plastics material, notably based on a thermosetting polyurethane, characterised in that the intermediate layer based on polyurethane having energy-absorbing properties is formed essentially of a polyurethane obtained by reactive casting on a flat horizontal support of a reaction mixture of an isocyanate component of viscosity less than 5 Pas at 40 degrees C and a polyol component, the isocyanate component comprising at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic di-isocyanate or an isocyanate prepolymer, the isocyanate component containing urea functions, the content of urea being up to 10% of the total weight of isocyanate component, the content of urea preferably being from 5 to 7%, the polyol component comprising at least one long difunctional polyol of molecular weight from 500 to 4000 and at least one short diol as a chain lengthening agent, the ratio of isocyanate group equivalents to hydroxyl group equivalents is about 1, the proportions of the different polyols are selected such that the number of hydroxyl group equivalents due to the short polyol represents from 20 to 70% of the total hydroxyl groups, and this layer having at a thickness of about 0.5 mm, a flow stress sigma y at -20 degrees C not exceeding 3 daN/mm**2 , a rupture stress sigma R at 40 degrees C of at least 2 daN/mm**2 , a lengthening at rupture vepsiln R at + 20 degrees C from 250 to 500%, and a tear resistance Ra at + 20 degrees C of at least 9 daN/mm.

Description

77601

Layer Safety Glass

The invention relates to laminated glass, in particular vehicle windscreens, comprising a transparent rigid substrate of silicate glass, a transparent layer of plastic material (layer AE) having energy-absorbing properties and a transparent top layer of plastic material which is also scratch and abrasion resistant, also referred to as scratch and abrasion resistant. layer PI) as it faces the interior of the vehicle in the case of a windscreen.

These types of laminated glass are known. For example, FR Patent 2,134,255 discloses a layered glass comprising a layer of glass, a layer of plastic material having some energy-absorbing properties, in particular a layer of plasticized polyvinyl butyral and a relatively soft protective coating of aliphatic polyurethane. However, such laminated glass is not entirely satisfactory, since after some time, which may vary from a few days to several months, it deteriorates in adhesion, especially between the glass and the interlayer, leading to separation of the laminated glass and deterioration of the glass. areas. Such deteriorations would appear to be due to the accumulation of moisture in the layer of plasticized polyvinyl butyral.

FR patent 2 398 606 also discloses a laminated glass of the type described above, in which the intermediate layer with energy-absorbing properties is a thermoplastic polyurethane made from at least one aliphatic diisocyanate and at least one polyester diol or polyether diol, NCO group equivalents and OH with a group equivalent pathway of preferably 0.8 to 0.9. Such glass retains its good optical properties and adhesion remains good between 2,77601 different parts under very varying temperature and humidity conditions, but the biomechanical properties of the glass, and in particular its impact resistance, are not entirely satisfactory.

EP 0 054 491 further discloses a laminated glass having a structure as described above and in which the intermediate layer of energy-absorbing plastic material is based on a polyurethane-polyurea having a linear structure and having a urea group content of about 1 to 20% by weight, this polyurethane-polyurea having a reaction product of a prepolymer obtained from a polyol moiety and an isocyanate moiety used in excess, and at least one diamine. This intermediate layer is prepared by extruding one of the polyurethane-polyurea resins or by casting a solution of said resin and evaporating the solvents, which in both cases require several successive work steps.

If the preparation is carried out by extrusion, the resin must first be synthesized in order to be compressed.

In addition, in order to obtain the optical quality required for the intended use, the layer must be "ironed". However, this optical quality obtained is generally not maintained over time, since the plastic material retains a memory of its manufacturing process and the quality obtained by "ironing" deteriorates over time.

In addition, the compression of a layer having energy-absorbing properties makes it difficult to attach it to a self-scarring layer.

If the layer is prepared by casting from a solution, the resin must likewise be synthesized in advance. It then has to be dissolved in a solvent and then poured into a solution and the solvent evaporated again to obtain a layer of a thickness suitable for the desired energy ab-

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3 77601 sorbent nature. In addition, evaporation of the solvent is embarrassing.

The invention avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages and proposes safety glass, which is used in particular as a windscreen for a vehicle and which has good optical and biomechanical properties and which retains these properties under varying temperature and humidity conditions.

The glass according to the invention, like the above-mentioned known glasses, comprises a glass layer, a layer of plastic material having energy-absorbing properties and a self-scarring scratch- and abrasion-resistant coating layer, the special nature of which is included in the choice of plastic layer with energy-absorbing properties.

According to the invention, this layer is prepared by a continuous process by reacting a reaction mixture of an isocyanate moiety with an active hydrogen atom moiety, in particular a polyol moiety, an isocyanate moiety comprising at least one aliphatic or cycloisiphatic moiety. isocyanate prepolymer, the viscosity of this moiety being less than about 5,000 centipoise at + 40 ° C, the polyol moiety comprising at least one bifunctional long chain polyol having a molecular weight of 500-4000 and at least one short chain diol as a chain extender. By reaction molding is meant that the liquid mixture of the ingredients, which are monomers or prepolymers, is cast as a layer or film, after which this mixture is polymerized by heat. This reaction casting, which gives the layer its good mechanical and optical properties, is described more fully in the description below.

The proportions of the polyurethane constituents are chosen so as to preferably obtain a balanced stoichiometric system, i.e. such that the ratio of the 4,77601 equivalents of NCO groups in the diisocyanate moiety to the OH group equivalents in the polyol moiety, i.e. long or long polyols and short diols, is about 1. NCO / When the OH ratio is less than 1, the more it decreases, the faster the desired mechanical properties deteriorate for the intended use. When all the components of the polyurethane are bifunctional, the lower limit of the NCO / OH ratio for obtaining good mechanical properties is about 0.9. When at least one of the components is triple function, this lower limit may drop to as low as about 0.8. When the NCO / OH ratio is greater than 1, the higher it becomes, the more certain mechanical properties of the reaction casting layer are strengthened, for example the layer becomes stiffer, but considering the higher cost of the isocyanate moiety compared to the polyol moiety, the NCO / OH ratio is substantially is a good compromise between the features and price obtained.

The relative amounts of long polyol and short diol may vary depending on the desired properties and also the ratio of equivalents, however, the number of OH group equivalents of the short diol is generally 20-70% of all equivalent groups of the polyol moiety in the case of approximately 1 NOH group equivalents. Increasing the relative proportion of the short diol causes the layer to harden and its modulus to generally increase.

Suitable diisocyanates for use in the context of the invention are selected in particular from the following aliphatic bifunctional isocyanates: hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediisocyanate (TMDI), bis-4-isocyanate (bis-4-isocyanate) ), bis-3-methyl-4-isocyanate-cyclohexylmethane, 2,2-bis- (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) -propane, 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl-isocyanate (IPDI), m- xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), m- and p-tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate

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5,77601 (m- and p-TMXDI), trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate (CDHI), 1,3- (diisocyanatomethyl) -cyclohexane (hydrogenated XDI).

Especially because of the cost price, IPDI is preferably used.

According to one feature of the invention, an isocyanate moiety containing urea groups is used. These urea groups improve some of the mechanical properties of the layer. Urea may be present in up to about 10% of the total weight of the isocyanate moiety containing urea groups. Preferably, the proportion of urea is 5-7% of the total weight of said part. For the above reason, 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate containing urea groups (IPDI and derivatives) is preferably used.

Suitable long polyols are selected from polyether diols or polyester diols having a molecular weight of 500-4000; polyester diols include divalent acids such as adipic acid, succinic acid, palmitic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, o-phthalic acid and a diol such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1-4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol esterification products, polyether diols of the general formula H £ 0 (CH2) n_7m O »where n = 2-6 and m such that the molecular weight is between 500-4000, or the general formula CH3 H £ OCH - CH2 Jm OH, where m is such that the molecular weight is likewise in the range of 500 to 4000 polyether diols. Polycaprolactonediols can also be used.

6 77601

Preferably, a polytetramethylene glycol (n = 4) having a molecular weight of 1000 is used.

Suitable chain extenders include short chain diols having a molecular weight of less than about 300 and preferably less than 150, such as: ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4- butanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol), 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol , cyclohexanedimethanol, bis-phenol A, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3- pentanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 2-butyne-1,4-diol, 1,4-butenediol and decynediol substituted and / or etherified, hydroquinone bis-hydroxyethyl ether, bis-phenol , etherified with two or four propylene oxide, dimethylolpropionic acid groups. In general, the shorter the chain diol, the harder the layer.

Preferably, 1,4-butanediol is used, which is a good compromise in terms of providing a layer that is neither too hard nor too flexible to be used as such an energy absorbing agent.

One characteristic of a layer having energy absorbing properties is that it is made by casting by reaction casting on a horizontal substrate. Such an injection molding, one embodiment of which has already been described, for example, in FR-A-2,442,128 for preparing a thermosetting polyurethane layer from a mixture of ternary parts, surprisingly according to the invention gives a layer which is not completely thermoplastic when NCO / OH groups are formed. the ratio is essentially 1.

Reaction casting requires a rapid polymerization reaction in order to

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7 77601 layers would be formed in a time suitable for industrial manufacturing. This requires a high temperature, about 80-140 ° C, at which temperature secondary branching reactions take place, which form, for example, allo-fanate and / or biuret moieties between the urethane chains, such as:

-R-NH-CO-O-R '- O -OCN - R - NCO

-R-NH-CO-O-R '- O - - R - N - CO | - O - R1 - O - ^ CO f allophanate i '

v A 7 NH I

C/O

-R-N-CO-R '- O - or - R "- NH - CO - NH - R" -

OCN - R - NCO

- R "- NH - CO - NH - R" -, - J · ---- - R "-f N - CO - NH f R" - / f '* CO ^ li «NH ^ biuret ΛΤ ώ

C/O

- R "- V - CO - NH - R" -

When the NCO / OH ratio is substantially 1 as mentioned above under such operating conditions, which are the same for the use of bifunctional components, the substance obtained is not completely thermoplastic, namely it does not melt or dissolve in most polyurethane solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 8,77601 dimethylformamide. This is not a disadvantage »for a film or layer has already been formed; on the contrary, it has the advantage of better mechanical properties while keeping the formula the same compared to the equivalent low-temperature polymerization process in which only linear polycondensation takes place.

When the NCO / OH ratio is less than 1 and about 0.8-0.9, crosslinking of the type described above occurs only to a negligible extent.

In one embodiment of the polyurethane layer with energy absorbing properties, the polyol moiety may contain a small amount of at least one polyol having more than two reactive groups, and in particular aliphatic monomer triols such as glycerol, trimethylolpropane, triols with polyether chains, polycaprolactone 90-1000, polyether / polyester secatriols having more than 2 reactive groups, for example 2-3 groups. The addition of a polyol having more than two reactive groups provides additional bridging bonds between the polyurethane chains and may thus further improve the strength of the layer.

The relative amounts of long chain polyol, short chain diol and possible polyol containing more than two reactive groups may vary depending on the desired properties. In general, the proportions are selected such that per hydroxyl equivalent, the long chain polyol contains about 0.30 to 0.45 equivalents, the short chain diol about 0.2 to 0.7 equivalents, and the polyol containing more than 2 reactive groups about 0 to 0.35 equivalents. Under these conditions, the layer has the following mechanical properties, measured according to AFNOR NFT 46.002, 51.034 and 54.108: - creep resistance. . . , J y - • i'JoC at less than or equal to the mouth

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9 77601 than 3 daN / mm ^, - breaking stress at + 40 ° C greater than or equal to 2 daN / mm ^, - elongation at break at + 20 ° C 250-500 S, - tensile expansion strength Ra at + 20 ° C greater than or equal to 9 daN / pak s renewed.

According to another embodiment of the layer AE according to the invention, the isocyanate moiety may contain, to a limited extent, for example less than 15% of NCO equivalent, at least one triisocyanate such as an isocyanate biuret or a triisocyanurate.

According to one feature of the invention, part of the polyol component may be replaced by a substance containing various active hydrogen atoms, such as an amine.

An important advantage of the layer AE used according to the invention is that it can be produced by reaction casting on a first layer of plastic material which has already been polymerized or is undergoing polymerization, in particular on a layer of self-scarring plastic material, without having to treat the substrate layer.

A scratch-resistant self-scarring coating layer of plastic material, also referred to as an inner protective layer (layer PI) in the application according to the invention, is, for example, that described in FR patents 2 187 719 and 2 251 608. This self-scar layer has a high elastic temperature under normal temperature conditions. tensile strength, low modulus of elasticity, less than 2000 daN / cm 2 and preferably less than 200 daN / cm 2, and has an elongation at break of more than 60% with a plastic deformation of less than 2 S and preferably an elongation at break of more than 100% with a plastic deformation of less than 1%. The most preferred layers of this type are thermosetting polyurethanes having an elastic modulus of about 25-200 daN / cm 2 and an elongation of about 100-200% with a plastic deformation of less than 1%.

Examples of monomers suitable for the preparation of these thermosetting polyurethanes are, on the one hand, aliphatic isocyanates containing two reactive groups, such as 1,6-hexane diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexane diisocyanate, 2,4 , 4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediisocyanate, 1,3-bis- (isocyanatomethyl) benzene, bis- (4-isocyanatecyclohexyl) methane, bis- (3-methyl-4-isocyanatecyclohexyl) methane, 2, 2-bis (4-isocyanate cyclohexyl) propane and 3-isocyanate methyl 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, as well as biurets, isocyanides and prepolymers of these compounds having 3 or more reactive polyphenyl groups, and the other such as branched polyols such as polyester polyols and polyether polyols obtained by reacting polyhydric alcohols, especially 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol), 2,2-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -1-propanol (trimethylolethane) , 2,2-bis- (hydroxym yl) -1-butanol (trimethylolpropane), 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 2,2-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol (pentaerythritol) and 1, 2,3,4,5,6-hexanehexol (sorbitol) with aliphatic divalent acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, cork acid and sebacic acid or with cyclic ethers such as ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran

The branched polyols preferably have a molecular weight of about 250-4000 and more preferably about 450-2000. Mixtures of different polyisocyanate and polyol monomers can be used. A particularly preferred thermosetting polyurethane is described in FR Patent 2,251,608.

The choice of the thickness of the layer with energy-absorbing properties (layer ΆΕ) and the self-scarring layer (layer PI) and the ratio of these thicknesses is an important factor. According to the invention, the total thickness of the two overlapping layers U 77601 is greater than 0.5 mm, the thickness of the layer having energy-absorbing properties being at least 0.4 mm.

In addition, the adhesion between this layer and the glass pane must be about 2 daN / 5 cm, measured by the peel test described below. However, this adhesion must not be too high, especially when a relatively thin layer AE close to a suitable lower limit, i.e. about 0.4 mm thick, is used.

The layer having energy-absorbing properties may contain various additives, which are generally intended to facilitate its preparation by reaction casting or which may, if necessary, further improve some of its properties.

It may contain a catalyst such as a tin catalyst, for example tin dibutyl dilaurate, tributyltin oxide, tin octoate, an organo-mercury catalyst, for example a phenyl ester of mercury, an amine catalyst, for example diazabicyclooc - (5,4,0) -l-decene-7 days.

The layer may contain a stabilizer such as bis- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, an antioxidant phenol.

The layer may also contain a coating agent such as a silicone resin, a fluoroacylated ester, an acrylic resin.

The two-layer film can be prepared as follows.

First, a first layer is prepared, which can be either an adhesive layer with energy-absorbing properties (layer AE) or an inner protective layer of self-scarring plastic (layer PI), made in particular of a thermosetting polyurethane. And a second layer is then formed on this first layer.

First, a layer of thermosetting polyurethane can also be prepared by casting a mixture of its components on a casting substrate. Once the monomers have polymerized and a thermosetting layer having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm has formed, a reaction mixture of the components of the layer having energy-absorbing properties is cast.

It is also possible to proceed in the reverse order, i.e. first to form a layer with energy absorbing properties (layer AE) and then a layer PI.

To make a laminated glass, its parts are joined together by pressing, for example by pressing them between the rollers of the calender, and using the effect of heat, the layer AE always being between the glass and the layer PI.

The adhesion of the parts can be further improved by subjecting the laminated glass to an autoclave treatment, for example for one hour at a temperature of about 100-140 ° C and a pressure of about 3-15 bar, or by using it in a heating furnace.

Examples of the production of laminated glass according to the invention are described below.

Example 1

A homogeneous mixture of the following relative amounts of ingredients is poured onto a glass continuously moving substrate coated with a separating agent which may be, for example, as described in FR Patent 2,383,000, namely an ethylene oxide modified adduct: - 1000 g of a polyether having a molecular weight is about 450 and obtained by condensing 1,2-propylene oxide

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13,77601 with 2,2-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -1-butanol and having about 10.5-12% of free hydroxyl groups and containing 1% by weight of a stabilizer, 0.05% by weight of a catalyst, namely dibutyltin dilaurate , and 0.1% by weight of a coating agent, 1020 g of a 1,6-hexane diisocyanate biuret having about 23.2% of free isocyanate groups.

A casting nozzle is used as described in FR patent 2,347,170. A uniform layer is formed having a thickness of about 0.19 mm by heat polymerization, for example about 15 minutes at 120 ° C, which is self-scarring in properties.

To prepare a layer having energy-absorbing properties, a polyol moiety is prepared in advance by mixing a polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 (e.g., marketed by QUAKER OATS under the name Polymeg 1000) with 1,4-butanediol, the relative proportions of the two components being such that polytetramethylene 37 hydroxyl group equivalents while 1,4-butanediol contains 0.63.

To the polyol moiety is added a stabilizer 0.5% by weight of the total weight of the polyol moiety and the isocyanate moiety, a coating agent 0.05% by weight calculated in the same manner, and a catalyst, namely dibutyltin dilaurate 0.02% by weight calculated in the same manner as above.

The isocyanate moiety used is 3-isocyanatomethyl 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (IPDI) with urea groups obtained by hydrolysis to IPDI and NCO moieties at about 31.5% by weight.

These parts are used in such amounts that the NCO / OH ratio is 1.

14 7 7 601

After degassing of the parts in vacuo, the mixture heated to about 40 ° C is cast by a casting nozzle, as described on the previously formed self-scaring polyurethane layer described in FR 2,347,170. A layer about 0.53 mm thick is then formed, which is subjected to a polymerization treatment comprising heating for 25 minutes at about 120 ° C.

The bilayer film is pulled off the glass substrate and can be easily handled, stored or used immediately after its formation to make the laminated glasses according to the invention.

To make the glass, the two-layer film prepared above is attached to a 2.6 m thick annealed glass plate. The glass may be tempered or tempered. As mentioned above, their interconnection can be performed in two steps, in the first step the preconditioning is performed by guiding the glass parts between two calender rolls, for example using the device described in EU patent 0 015 209, pressing layer AE against the inner surface of the glass, and in the second step the resulting layered product is placed in an autoclave, where it is subjected to a pressure treatment of about 10 bar at a temperature of about 135 ° C for about an hour. The autoclave cycle can possibly be replaced by pressure-free furnace heating.

The resulting glass is optically excellent and completely transparent.

The bonding force between the glass layer and the layer having energy-absorbing properties is measured from the glass made by the release test described below.

A 5 cm wide strip is cut from the two-layer cover film. Remove the end of the strip and draw it perpendicular to the surface of the glass at a drawing speed of 5 cm per minute. The operation is carried out at a temperature of 20 ° C. Let's put it! 15 77601 note the average traction required to peel off the tape. In this way, an attraction of 10 daN / 5 cm is obtained.

The glass prepared according to the example is further subjected to impact tests at different temperatures.

The first impact test is carried out on a steel ball weighing 2,260 kg (large ball test) which is allowed to fall into the center of a laminated-glass test piece 30.5 cm long and tensioned in a rigid frame. The approximate height at which 90% of the samples tested at the selected temperature can withstand the fall of the sphere without passing through it is determined.

The value obtained with the laminated glass according to the example is 8 meters.

The second impact test is carried out on a steel ball weighing 0,227 kg and having a diameter of 38 mm. One test is performed at -20 ° C, the other at + 40 ° C. The values obtained are 11 and 13 meters, respectively.

Taking into account the current European standard R 43, the desired results are at least 4 meters for a large ball, at least 8.5 meters for a small ball at -20 ° C and at least 9 meters for a small ball at + 40 ° C.

In addition, the surface properties of the PI layer prove to be sufficient to be used in laminated glass, and in particular its scratch resistance measured with ERICHSEN 413 is more than 20 g and abrasion resistance with a turbidity tolerance (A turbidity) of less than 4% according to European standard R 43.

The glass according to the example has all the characteristics which make it suitable for use as a windscreen for a vehicle.

16 77601

Comparative Example

Proceed in the same manner as in Example 1 with the same starting components and the same amounts to prepare layer AE except that the layer is not prepared by reaction casting, but by casting a synthetically prepared polyurethane solution several times in succession to obtain a 0.53 mm thick layer.

The following values are obtained in the impact-resistance tests carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1: - 3.5 m for a large ball, 4 m and 3 m for a small ball at temperatures of -20 ° C and + 40 ° C, respectively.

The value of 8 daN / 5 cm is obtained in the release test.

These values are insufficient, indicating that the reaction casting used in Example 1 gives the layer AE the desired properties.

Example 2

The procedure is the same as in Example 1 except that layers of different thicknesses are prepared, namely a 0.41 mm thick self-scar layer (P1) and a 0.29 mm thick layer AE.

The resulting laminated glass has the following properties:

The value of 10 daN / 5 cm is obtained in the release test. The test with the large ball and the two tests with the small ball give values of 3.5 meters, 9 meters and 9 meters, respectively, which is not enough. These poor values are due to the too small thickness of the layer with energy absorbing properties.

Example 3

Proceed in the same way as in Example 1 except that a layer PI of 0.315 mm thickness and a layer AE of 0.415 nun thickness are applied to the wall 17 77601.

A value of 10 daN / 5 cm is obtained in the release test. The tests performed with the large ball and the small ball give values of 4.5 meters, 10 meters and 13 meters, respectively, which are completely satisfactory.

Example 4

Proceed in the same way as in Example 1 except that a 0.32 mm thick layer PI and a 0.42 mm thick layer AE are prepared and that before joining the parts the glass surface is brushed in the usual way with an adhesion promoter such as silanes to obtain a better adhesion value. .

The value of 20 daN / 5 cm is obtained in the release test. The test with a large ball gives a result of 3.5 m. This value, which is insufficient for impact resistance, is due to the excessive adhesion of the layer AE to the glass when this layer is relatively thin. This example is comparable to Example 3, where, regardless of the use of layers of the same thickness, satisfactory values are obtained due to less clamping force.

Example 5

Proceed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 0.46 mm thick layer PI and a 0.56 mm thick layer AE are prepared and that the glass is treated in the same manner as in Example 4 before the parts are joined together.

The value of 20 daN / 5 cm is obtained in the detachment test, while the tests performed with the large ball and the small ball give results of 8, 11.5 and 13 meters, respectively.

This example is comparable to Example 4. It shows that despite strong adhesion, satisfactory mechanical strength values are obtained if a thick layer 77601 18 ΆΕ is used.

Example 6

Proceed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyol starting component of layer AE is formed from polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000, 1,4-butanediol and polycaprolactonitrile (e.g. from a substance marketed by UNION CARBIDE under the name Niax 301) in such relative amounts as 0.35, 0.55 and 0.010 equivalents of each poly oil are used.

A 0.160 mmm thick layer PI and a 0.660 mmm thick layer AE are prepared.

The resulting glass has completely satisfactory optical and mechanical properties. The values measured in the different experiments are as follows: adhesion 3 daN / 5 cm, ball experiments 9, 13 and 13 meters.

Example 7

Proceed in the same way as in Example 6 except that the relative proportions of the different polyols are 0.35 OH equivalents for Polymeg 1000sn, 0.45 OH equivalents for 1,4-butanediol and 0.20 OH equivalents for Niax 301, respectively. .

A 0.31 mm thick layer PI and a 0.48 mm thick layer AE are prepared.

The values measured in the tests are as follows: adhesion 3 daN / 5 cm, spherical tests 4.5, 10 and 12 meters, which is satisfactory.

Example 8

The procedure is the same as in Example 7 except that a thickness of 0.39 mm for layer PI and a thickness of 0.39 mm for layer AE are used.

The measured values are as follows: adhesion 4, ball tests 3, 1! 19 77601 8 and 8, which is not enough.

A comparison of this example with Example 7 shows that when the two-layer film is of the same thickness, depending on the value of the thickness ratio between the layer AE and the layer PI, either good or bad glass is obtained.

Example 9

The procedure is the same as in Example 1 except that the polymerization of the layer AE is carried out only at a temperature of 60 ° C for 20 hours.

The following values are obtained in the impact resistance tests carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1: - 6 m for a large ball, 6 m and 13.5 m for a small ball at temperatures of -20 ° C and + 40 ° C, respectively.

The value obtained with a small sphere at -20 ° C is insufficient. A comparison of this experiment with Example 1 shows the effect of polymerization temperature in the reaction casting.

Claims (10)

1. Laminate glass comprising a glass layer, a polyurethane-based translucent intermediate layer with energy-absorbing properties and a translucent surface layer based on a self-skinning plastic material, in particular heat-curing polyurethane, characterized in that the polyurethane-based polyurethane-based interlayer abrasive has energy obtained by reaction casting on a horizontal substrate of a reaction mixture consisting of an O cyanate component having a viscosity below 5 Pa.s at 40 C, and a polyol component, the reaction mixture being either formed or containing the Atminetone aliphatic component. or cycloaliphatic di-oocyanate or an oocyanate prepolymer, wherein the ieocyanate component contains urea groups and the urea portion may comprise 10 X, representing between 5 and 7 X of the total weight of the isocyanate components, and the polyol component comprising Atminetone and bifunction. cooling weight is between 500 and 4,000, and Atminetone is a short chain diol by chain extender, wherein the ratio of the ieocyanate group equivalents to the hydroxyl group equivalents is about 1, and the relative amounts of the various polyols are eA selected by the number of hydroxylene equivalents group is between 20 and 70% of the total amount of hydroxyl groups, or eA has the reaction mixture dated eA, that b) the ieocyanate component comprises Atminetone an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate or ieocyanate prepolymer, and the polyol component comprises Atminetone a bifunction Long chain polyol, each molecular weight of between 500 and 4,000, Atminetone a short chain diol by chain extension agent, and Atminetone a polyol having an over-functional functionality 2, wherein the ratio of the isocyanate equivalent groups to the hydroxyl equivalent groups is about 1, amounts are eA selected, that the number of hydroxyl equivalent groups in the diol me d short chain constitutes between 20 and 70 X of the total amount of hydroxyl groups, and that, when the polyurethane-based intermediate layer thickness is about 0.5 mm non-layered creep green, all at a -20 C is less than or equal to 3 daN / mm , the fracture stress OR at +40 C is 2 o etorre or equal to 2 daN / mm, the fracture elongation eR at +20 C is between 250 and 500 X, the tear expansion exponent and R @ at +20 C is etore or equal to 9 daN / mm. 2. Laminate glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the ieocyanate component comprises 3-ieocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylieocyanate. 77601 24 3. Laminate glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ieocyanate component is essentially 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylieocyanate containing urea groups and that the polyol component consists essentially of polytetramethylene glycol, about 1,4-butanediol. 4. A laminate glaze according to any of claims 1b-3, characterized in that the polyol having a functionality over 2 is a triol. Laminate glazing according to the nigot of claims 1b-4, characterized in that for the energy-processing polyurethane-etched polyol component, the light chain polyol represents between 0.30 and 0.45 equivalents of a total hydroxyl equivalent, the short chain diol between 0, 2 and 0.7 equivalents and the polyol having a functionality over 2 between 0 and 0.35 equivalents. 6. Laminate glazing according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the polyurethane layer with energy-absorbing properties contains admixtures such as catalyst, coating material and establishment. 7. Laminate glazing according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the energy-absorbing polyurethane-layered thickness of surface layer thicknesses is more than 0.5 mm, with the energy-absorbing non-layer thickness being 0.4 mm. 8. A laminate glaze according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the energy-absorbing oak layer and glaze-resistant adhesion are more than 2 daH / 5 cm. 9. Laminate glazing according to the nigot of claims 1-β, characterized in that the energy-absorbing polyurethane layer has II