FI77197C - Process for producing multi-layered, self-supporting shell surfaces, in particular of a boat hull shell - Google Patents

Description

771 97

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A MULTI-LAYER CONSTRUCTED, SELF-SUPPORTING CURTAINS, IN PARTICULAR BOAT COVER

The invention relates to a method as set out in the preamble of claim 1.

In such a method known from DE-OF 2 626 537, the hollow profiles forming the section are assembled, for example by means of mounting presses, plastically shaped before the hollow profiles are placed in the mounting press according to the desired and exemplary shape of the mold body and then formed into a corresponding mold body section. The individual hollow profiles of this section are fixed to the shape-15 frame point by point, e.g. by means of screws. Between the overlapping upper and lower sides of the adjacent hollow profiles, an adhesive is periodically placed to join the hollow profiles of the section one after the other after all or every other hollow of the section, e.g. . 20 profiles are attached to the mold frame. The hull shape imple hollow economically after coating these profiles attached one above the other between the upper and lower side at least partially penetrating into the curable filler material by means of thermosetting, and finally brought to a fiber reinforced, thermoset plastic laminate 25 thus formed on the surface of and attached to it. This results in the formation of a relatively low weight boat hull shell which is quite dimensionally stable and in which a large number of air pockets inside the hollow profiles improves the desired immersion of the boat hull. With this method, boat hull shells of the most varied shapes and proportions can be made in a simple manner and without the use of an expensive negative mold.

The mold body 35 used in the described method is made of structural components used in the boat hull in addition to the hull, such as transom, transverse walls or bulkheads, a longitudinal beam 77197 2 surrounding the edge of the hull of the boat hull, a keel beam and a bath. Since the longer hull hull shells also have relatively large distances between the individual bulkheads or the last bulkhead and the transom, it is difficult to arrange between the individual bulkheads 5 or the last bulkhead and the transom hollow profiles with the desired shapes and overhangs, since the hollow profiles it is an attempt, when the mounting clamps are not used, to connect the adjacent bulkheads by the 10 shortest paths to each other. The hollow profiles used in this known method have one uniform cross-sectional shape, i. their upper side is in the shape of an outwardly opened, obtuse-angled V-shaped trough, while their lower side is shaped as a U-shaped convex outwardly curving. upper and lower engaging the adjacent hollow profiles to each other is formed inside the basic housing and opens to the outer surface of the longitudinal grooves in which the filler material is placed in the hollow profiles to each other and the casing 20 form a base substantially flat inner and outer surfaces. In forming the extracurricular shapes of the hull, the adjacent hollow profiles of a given section must be turned relatively strongly relative to each other, although the longitudinal grooves on the inner and outer surfaces of the hull may become deeper or wider, but at the same time the longitudinal grooves on the other surface may close or even disappear. In this case, good penetration of the filling material onto one surface does not occur, in which case the strength of the joint of the adjacent hollow profiles can suffer at very curved points inside the section.

DE-OF 3 003 969 proposed the use of hollow profiles with two different cross-sectional shapes for the production of the hull of such a boat, the first cross-sectional shape being substantially arcuate, while the second cross-sectional shape has open contact surfaces facing outwards, 3 771 97 obtuse-angled V-shaped gutters connected to each other over parallel side walls. The free ends of the gutters of the second cross-sectional shape are provided with shoulders projecting mainly in the direction of their side walls to form, together with an adjacent hollow profile of arcuate cross-section, hollow spaces mainly in the shape of a swallow tail to receive the filling material. On the other hand, said shoulders 10 close the hollow spaces formed on the inner and outer surfaces of the hull of the boat almost completely, so that the connection between the inner and outer plastic laminate and the filler brought to the outer surface is not optimal.

The object of the present invention is to develop a method such as that mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, so that reliable and shape-retaining joining of adjacent profiles can be ensured by the infiltrating filler material and the associated plastic laminate even when steep arcs have to be formed to form a shell surface. .

Thanks to the profile shape with a substantially V-shaped cross-section, it is possible, except for considerable simplification to produce and store only one type of profile for the inner and outer surface of the shell surface, to ensure sufficient width and depth of longitudinal grooves between profiles when adjacent profiles are oriented and inverted. about 90 °. When the longitudinal center plane of the profile 30 is oriented substantially vertically, both adjacent profiles are oriented so that the longitudinal center planes are substantially horizontal. Due to the substantially X-shaped cross-section, the profiles in this arrangement have hollow spaces formed by longitudinal grooves in the shape of a swallow 35 with an opening opening on the inner and outer surface of the shell surface: a large opening cross-section, which can be applied to the inner and outer surface Such an internal and as large-area connection as possible between the longitudinally penetrating filler material and the plastic laminate is particularly important, since the connection between profiles of one desired material, primarily thermoplastic or metal such as aluminum, and duo-plastic plastic laminate can be critical. In the method according to the invention, the profiles are preferably hollow profiles, since then their X-shaped cross-section exceeds the double V-shaped cross-section, i.e. hollow profiles always have a slight cross-section of the vertebrae. This cross-sectional shape allows a relatively strong curvature between adjacent profiles in a very flexible manner, also to allow the external shapes to be shaped in a simple manner.

The edges of the profiles are rounded to eliminate the effects of shear-20 between adjacent profiles, especially when alternating individual profiles. These rounded edges of the profiles facilitate the production of the profiles, as is especially the case with extrusion. On the other hand, the profiles with said cross-sectional shape, but full, allow a very good control, i.e. e.g. also alternation when e.g. the shell surface of the curtain surface of the boat has longitudinally successive periods of different shapes.

On the other hand, the formation of profiles into hollow profiles is preferred because this results in a very low average specific gravity of the hollow body through the air pockets of the profiles, e.g. 0.3 to 0.4 g / cm 3 based on the total cross-section of the hollow surface. 35 This specific gravity is then only about half the corresponding value of wood when the specific gravity of the filler used in the process is about 0.6 g / cm3.

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According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method according to the invention also uses mounting presses formed according to claim 5 to form the shell surface shapes in order to carry out the method according to the invention with particular simplicity and accuracy.

The mounting presses are preferably arranged in a frame surrounding their U-profile, which supports the adjusting screws necessary to form the appearance. The profile side U-profile sides of the mounting presses may be provided with knob-like protrusions which facilitate the arrangement of the profiles on the mounting presses or easily secure their position in the mounting press when the mounting presses are at least 15 openable or pivotable to allow their use according to a certain curved shape. On the other hand, the mounting presses can be pushed over the profiles of a section, whereby the knob-like protrusions slide over the profiles forming the inner and outer surfaces of the hull of the boat at their widest and then elastically deflect outwards. For this purpose, the knob-like projections can be tensioned, for example by means of helical springs, in the direction of the hollow spaces of the longitudinal grooves, or they can be provided with adjustable screws.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by means of drawings, in which Figure 1 schematically shows the sheath surfaces of the profiles | / shows the structure of the hull of the boat hull, Fig. 2 schematically shows a possible arrangement of the profiles used in the method 30 according to the invention, Fig. 3 shows a possible cross-sectional shape of the profile, Fig. 4 schematically shows a mounting press for forming a section of profiles, Fig. 5 shows part mounting clamp equipped with; ;;; with knob-like protrusions, and 77197 6 Fig. 6 schematically shows the application of a plastic laminate on the profiles.

As schematically shown in Fig. 1, the hull 1 of a boat hull is made by means of a mold frame 2 from a number of profiles 3, 3 '. The mold body 2 comprises a transom 2a, arches 2b or transverse walls 2c or bulkheads 2d, runners 2e forming the edge of the hull of the boat hull, a keel or keel beam 2f connecting these structural elements from below, and a bow-forming hoop 2g. Elongate profiles of the desired suitable material are placed on top of the mold body, whereby these adhere to each other on the basis of their upper and lower cross-sectional shape and overlap.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, only one type of profile is used, which preferably has the cross-sectional shape shown in Figure 3 and which is formed as a hollow profile with rounded edges. The slightly vertebral cross-sectional profiles are arranged as shown in Fig. 2 so that one profile 3 'is arranged substantially horizontally in the longitudinal median plane and the next adjacent profile 3 is arranged substantially vertically in the longitudinal median plane. As shown in the lower part of Figure 2, the arranged profiles 25 are turned or rotated in each case to allow the desired shape of the hull of the boat to be formed. The hollow spaces, mainly in the shape of a swallow, formed by two adjacent and substantially horizontally arranged profiles 3 * and a substantially vertical profile 3 between them are filled with duro-plastic filler, whereby even in connection with the formation of certain exterior shapes these hollow spaces have sufficiently large openings, excellent curing of the filling material and likewise 35 of the duroplastic plastic laminate 4, said plastic laminate always being applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the hull of the boat.

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The rounded edges of the profiles prevent the shear effect between adjacent profiles, even when the profiles rotate relatively strongly with each other when the shapes 5 outside the hull of the boat are formed.

Although not shown in Figure 2, in forming such shapes, substantially vertical profiles may in extreme cases protrude out or in from the central section of the shell, allowing portions of the profiles protruding from the central section of the shell to be ground before the plastic laminate is applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the shell. Due to such removal, the open hollow spaces formed inside the profiles can be filled with a duroplastic filler 15 so that neither the tightness of the shell nor its load-bearing capacity is affected.

Although Figure 1 of the drawings relates to boat hull hull surfaces made in accordance with the present invention, any desired primarily three-dimensionally shaped hull surfaces that are multilayered and self-supporting can, of course, be made in accordance with the invention. The profiles can be formed as desired, i.e. of the lightest material. The profiles are preferably made of thermoplastic or light metal, e.g. aluminum.

There are other possible areas of application for shell surfaces in construction technology, eg in connection with flat roofs, tanks, aircraft, building, etc.

In order to improve the bonding between the profiles 3 and 3 'and the duroplastic filling material introduced into the hollow spaces 30 when the profiles are made of e.g. aluminum, as shown in Fig. 6, substantially horizontal Y-oriented profiles 3' can be applied with fiber-reinforced plastic so as to cover the end surfaces of the profiles 3 'and at least partially the side surfaces of the substantially vertical profiles 3. After 4 'application of the plastic miniatures 4', the filler material is introduced into the substantially tail-shaped hollow spaces of the swallow. Then again, as shown in Fig. 2, plastic laminates are applied to form the outer and inner layers. In this case, the adhesion of the filler to the profiles can also be improved when the profiles consist of a different material from the filler. On the other hand, without these additional laminates 4 ', a sufficiently strong self-supporting shell surface structure 10 is achieved so that, due to the particularly variable arrangement of profiles, hollow tail-shaped hollow spaces are formed which hold the self-supporting curtain surface together with the outer layers.

The fiber-reinforced, duroplastic additional laminates 4 'of plastic 15' can also act as the filling material themselves, since they have excellent strength in the molding state with the profiles and the resins bonding to them, after bonding to the plastic laminates 4 forming the outer layers and after curing. In this connection, it should be emphasized that the filling material does not necessarily have to be a mass to be filled into the swallow's tail-shaped hollow spaces, but can instead consist of e.g. plastic laminates acting on the edge surfaces of the swallow's tail-shaped cavities or having associated strengths with excellent strength. to keep the mold together with the form-30 laminates forming the outer layers. In this case, additional artificial hollow spaces are formed in the tail-shaped cavities of the swallow, which form the shell surface together with the plastic laminates and profiles forming the outer layers.

Figure 4 schematically shows a section of the profile of the mounting press to form the appearance. This mounting press comprises a substantially U-shaped frame 9 771 97 13 comprising side sides 113, 113 'and a connecting spoke 113' '.

As schematically indicated by reference numeral 15, the side sides 113, 113 'can be hinged-connected to the connecting pin 113' 'to spread the U-profile of the actual mounting clamp 11 with the sides 111, 111', which greatly facilitates the use of mounting clamps over the profile section. After the installation press has been put in place, the articulations 15 10 are attached between the sides 113, 113 'and the connecting piece 113' ', whereby they are already attached to the already coated part or runs of the hull of the boat hull. The sides 113 and 113 'of the frame 13 are provided with a set of adjusting screws 114 provided with wing heads 115. By adjusting the individual adjusting screws 15, the actual U-profile 11 of the mounting press can be adjusted flexibly as desired so that the profiles 3, 3' the desired shapes in each case. After the formation of the desired shapes, the profiles 3, 20 3 'are attached in other ways to the parts of the mold body and also to each other, e.g. by spot welding, whereby after removal of the mounting presses the filling material is filled and plastic laminates are applied.

The mounting press shown in Fig. 4 is intended to form an outline which causes an open concave shell shape in the figure on the right. If it is desired to form a curved shape in the opposite direction or even more curved shapes, the frames 13 must be formed to correspond to such mounting presses, whereby: several differently formed mounting presses can be used to form different shapes in different sections and profiles can be placed in successive sections at the same time. longitudinally and arranged in a variable 35 manner.

In order to facilitate the orientation of the individual profiles relative to each other and in the mounting press, knob-like projections 14, 14 'can be used, the distance inside the sides 111, 111' of the U-profile 11 being selected to protrude into the cavities of the longitudinal grooves to be formed. As shown schematically in Fig. 5, the protrusions 14 'may be arranged to be displaced outwards under spring load, which can be achieved e.g. by helical springs 15 which flexively project rivet-like projections in the direction of the longitudinal groove cavity. The projections 10 may also consist of screws adjustable in the direction of the cavities, although this is not shown in the drawing. When the mounting press does not fall over the section profiles as shown in Fig. 4 by opening the U-profile, the mounting press can touch the profiles of some section, whereby the knob-like protrusions elastically deflect outwards when they pass over the substantially horizontal profiles 3 '.

Self-supporting curtain surfaces made according to the present method have the additional advantage that by using profiles of one suitable material, additional parts can be placed on the shell surface and penetrations can be formed by welding and thermoforming before the duroplastic filler is applied or introduced, and finally the plastic laminates are applied internally and externally. teddy.

Claims (5)

A method of producing multi-layered self-supporting shell surface, in particular a multi-layered shell (1) for a bed hull, with the aid of a mold frame (2) which gives the slab surface the desired three-dimensional shape, in which profiles of the same cross-section have been applied with mutual tooth engagement and fixed to the molding point-wise and bonded with each other by means of a fiber-reinforced, duroplastic-plastic laminate applied between them, which are partially penetrating, curing, duroplastic material and joined thereto, characterized by that in the method the profiles (3, 3 ') of substantially X-shaped cross section are used and the profiles are arranged so that adjacent profiles exhibit a substantially 90 ° orientation relative to one another. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process several profiles (3, 3 ') of substantially X-shaped cross-section are used, that the width side of the profile forms an external view.