DK160413B - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING SELF-SUSTAINABLE, MULTIPLE LAYER EXISTING BUILT-IN SURFACES, INCLUDING A BATHROOM SHELL, AND ASSEMBLY CLIPS FOR USING THE PROCEDURE - Google Patents

Description

DK 160413 B

The invention relates to a method of the kind set out in the preamble of claim 1.

In such a method, known from DE-OS 26 26 537, hollow profiles are formed, each of which forms a section, for example by means of 5 mounting clamps, which are plastically deformed prior to the insertion of the hollow profiles into these mounting clamps. predetermined contour of the skeletal skeleton, and then placed on the corresponding section of the skeleton. The individual hole profiles in this section are fixed point-wise to the mold skeleton, for example by means of 10 screws. Between the adjacent upper and lower sides of neighboring hollow profiles, an adhesive application is made in section to connect the hollow profiles in one section to each other, since all or, for example, only every other profile in one section has been attached to the mold skeleton. After the mold skeleton has been completely coated with hollow profiles, these are interconnected by means of the at least partially penetrating curing plastic filler material, and finally the fiber-reinforced curing plastic layer which is joined to the surfaces is applied to the resulting surfaces. Thereby, a boat hull shell is obtained which has a relatively small weight, which is very moldable and which, because of the large amounts of air enclosed within the hollow profiles, provides a considerable improvement in the desired sinking freedom of the boat hull. With this method, boat hull shells with very different shapes and dimensions can be manufactured in a simple manner and without the use of expensive negative forms. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

The mold skeleton used in this method is formed by the structural parts which are nevertheless used in the boat hull in addition to the boat hull 3 shell, such as the stern, transverse walls or bulkhead, the stringers 4 forming the edge of the boat hull shell, the keel beam and a bow. Since on 5 boat hull shells of great length there are also relatively large distances 6 between the individual bulkheads or the last bulkhead and the rearview mirror, it is difficult to place the hole profiles to be placed between the 8 individual bulkheads and the rear bulkhead and rearview mirror. the shape skeleton in 9 according to the desired contours and contour transitions, the 10 hollow profiles without the use of mounting clamps tend to 11 connect adjacent bulkheads to each other along the shortest path. The hollow profiles used in this known method have

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a uniform cross-sectional shape, the upper side of which is in the form of an outwardly open, obtuse V-shaped gutter, while the underside is U-shaped outwardly convexly arched. When the upper and lower sides of adjacent hollow profiles intervene, longitudinal grooves 5 open to the inner and outer surfaces of the base shell, respectively, are formed and into which the filling material is introduced so that the hollow profiles are connected to each other and formed in mainly smooth inner and outer surfaces of the base shell. However, in shaping boat hull shells with more complicated contours, a section adjacent to each other has to be rotated relatively vigorously relative to each other, so that the longitudinal grooves on one of the inner and outer surfaces may become deeper or wider, but the longitudinal grooves in the other of the surfaces at the same time almost closed or may even disappear completely. Thereby, it is no longer certain that the filler material penetrates sufficiently into at least one of the surfaces, whereby the strength of the connection between adjacent hollow profiles at strong curvature within a section of the hollow profiles can suffer damage.

In DE-OS 30 03 969, it has been proposed in the manufacture of such a boat hull shell to use hollow profiles of two different cross-sectional shapes, the first cross-sectional shape being generally circular, while the second cross-sectional shape along the contact surfaces between the profiles is mutually open. obtuse V-shaped ridges connected to each other by parallel sidewalls. At the free ends of the grooves in the second cross-sectional shape, projections are provided which extend substantially in the direction of these side walls so that, together with the adjacent hollow profile of circular cross-section, approximately dovetail-shaped cavities can be formed to receive the filler material. On the other hand, these protrusions almost completely close these cavities towards the inner and outer surfaces of the boat hull, so that the connection between the plastic laminate to be applied to the inner and outer surfaces and the filler material is not optimal.

The invention aims to further develop a method of the kind mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 so that a very reliable and definite connection between neighboring profiles is obtained by means of the filler material to be introduced between the profiles and the associated plastic layer, even when the wrap surfaces when forming complicated contours for the wrap surfaces must form strong curves between neighboring profiles. This is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1.

By means of a profile shape with the substantially X-shaped cross section, it is possible - despite the use of a single profile type, which means a considerable simplification in processing and storage - to obtain longitudinal grooves of sufficient width on the inner and outer sides of the envelope surface. depth when neighboring profiles are arranged with a mutual rotation of approx. 90 °. When a profile with its longitudinal median plane is directed vertically, the longitudinal median planes of the two neighboring profiles are directed horizontally.

Due to this profile, the substantially X-shaped cross-section is obtained in this configuration in the longitudinal grooves dovetail-shaped cavities, which have large opening cross-sections, towards the inner and outer surfaces of the envelope surface, through which the hardening plastic filler material can connect with the hardened plastic layer also which is applied to the inner and outer surfaces. Such an intimate connection over the largest possible surface between the filler material penetrating the longitudinal grooves and the plastic layer is particularly important, the connection between those of a random material, but preferably of a thermoplastic plastic or metal such as, for example, aluminum profiles and the of hard plastic made of plastic can be critical. In the method according to the invention, the profiles are preferably formed as hollow profiles, in which case the cross section is preferably rounded and simplified so that the hollow profiles have an approximately "bone-shaped" cross section. This cross-sectional shape enables a relatively strong rotation of neighboring profiles in a very freely movable way, so that complicated contours can also be formed in a simple manner. The edges of the profiles are further rounded to exclude the effects of neighboring profiles, especially in case of possible distortion of individual profiles. These rounded profile edges further facilitate the preparation of the profiles, preferably by extrusion. On the other hand, the profiles with said cross-sectional shape can also be very well mastered, ie. these too can be twisted when consecutive 35 longitudinal sections of a wrapping surface, such as a boat shell, must have different contours. However, the design of the profiles is preferred as hollow profiles, as this shape due to the enclosed

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4 the air volumes lead to a very small space weight for the hollow body, which is, for example, of 0.3-0.4 g / cnr * calculated on the basis of the total cross-section of the casing surface. Thus, this space weight is only approx. half of the weight of wood, the filling material used in the process according to the invention having a density of approx. 0.6 g / cm * The invention also relates to a mounting clamp of the type specified in the preamble of claim 6, which is characterized by the characteristic part of claim 6. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method according to the invention is also used for producing the contours of the wrapping surfaces mounting clamps which are designed in the manner mentioned in claims 7-13 to make it possible to practice the method according to the invention particularly simple and accurate.

These mounting clamps are then preferably arranged in a frame surrounding the U-profile of the clamp and which carries the adjusting screws used for adjusting the contour 15. The sides facing the profiles of the U-profile of the mounting clamps may furthermore be provided with bolt-like projections which facilitate the insertion of the profiles into the mounting clamps or better hold the profiles in place in the mounting clamps when these are at least partially foldable or unfoldable, so that they can be collapsed around a profile in a section to be bent to a specific contour. However, the mounting clips can also be pushed in over a section of profiles, and the spindle-like projections then slide across the profiles protruding furthest from the inner and outer surface of the boat hull shell, under elastic outward deformation. For this purpose, the bolt-like projections may also be spring elastically biased in the direction of the longitudinal groove cavity, for example by means of coil springs or by adjustable screws.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure by means of profiles of a boat-hull shell, which here forms the casing surfaces; FIG. Figure 2 shows schematically a possible arrangement of the profiles used in the method according to the invention; 3 shows a possible cross-sectional shape of these profiles; FIG. 4 schematically shows a mounting clamp for forming contours for a section of the profiles; FIG. 5 shows a section of such a mounting clamp provided with bolt-like projections; and FIG. 6 shows schematically the application of a plastic laminate to the profiles.

As schematically shown in FIG. 1, a boat hull shell 1 is made using 5 of a mold skeleton 2 from a large number of profiles 3 and 3 '. The skeleton skeleton 2 comprises a stern mirror 2a, rafters 2b, transverse walls 2c or bulkhead 2d, stringers 2e predetermining the edge of the boat hull shell, a keel or keel beam 2f connecting the structural elements on the underside, and a bow portion forming bow 2g. On this mold frame, the elongated profiles of any suitable material are placed, which, due to their cross-sectional shape with their upper and lower sides, interlock with one another.

As shown in FIG. 2 and 3, only one profile type, preferably having the one shown in FIG. 3, which is formed as a hollow profile with rounded edges. The profiles having a roughly "bone-shaped" cross-section are applied to the one shown in FIG. 2 so that each of the profiles 3 'is arranged such that its longitudinal median plane is substantially horizontal, while each of the subsequent neighboring profiles 3 is arranged with their longitudinal median planes in the vertical axis substantially vertical. As shown in the lower part of FIG. 2, the profiles are arranged so as to be inclined and turned relative to one another so that the contour of the boat hull shell can be formed at any time. The approximately dovetail cavity formed between two adjacent and generally horizontally arranged profiles 3 'and one between these profiles 3' and generally vertically arranged profile 3 is filled with the duroplastic filler material, thereby automatically forming a particular Contour outwardly, a sufficiently large opening cross-section will result in an excellent coalescence of the duroplastic filler material with the similarly duroplastic plastic laminates 4 applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the boat hull.

The rounded edges of the profiles prevent jamming between adjacent profiles, even when these profiles are relatively sharply edged relative to each other, when complex contours are to be formed on the boat hull.

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Although not shown in FIG. 2, in the case of the shape of such contours, in the extreme cases, in the vertical direction, in the main case, the vertical sections can also be pivoted outwards or inwards out of the total cross-section of the shell, and the parts projecting from this shell cross section 5 can then be sanded off before the plastic laminates are applied to the inside of the shell. - and outer surface. In such a grinding, any open cavities formed within the profiles can also be filled with duroplastic filler material, so that neither the density nor the durability of the shell is damaged.

Although the wrapping surfaces of FIG. 1 is shown in the form of a boat hull shell, which can be manufactured by the method according to the invention, of course, this method can of course produce any, preferably three-dimensional, multi-layered and self-supporting envelope surfaces. The profiles may consist of any suitable material, ie. a material that is as light as possible. The profiles preferably consist of a thermoplastic plastic or of a light metal, eg aluminum. Other possible applications for the envelope surfaces are within the construction technique, for example, in the construction of roofs, in the construction of containers, the construction of aircraft and the like.

In order to improve the connection between the profiles 3 and 3 'and the duroplastic filler material introduced into the cavities, especially when the profiles, for example, consist of aluminum, as shown schematically in FIG. 6, the fibrous reinforced duroplastic laminates 4 'are arranged on the substantially horizontally oriented profiles 3', so that they cover the main and foot surfaces of the profiles 3 'and at least parts of the 25 lateral surfaces of the substantially vertical profiles 3. After the application of these plastic laminates 4 ', the filler material is introduced into the generally dovetail-shaped cavities and then applied as also shown in FIG. 2 again forms the plastic laminates 4 to form the outer and inner linings. Thereby, the connection between the filler material and the profiles 30 can also be improved when the profiles consist of a species-propagated material relative to the filler material. On the other hand, without these additional plastic laminates 4 ', a sufficiently solid self-supporting structure of the casing surfaces can also be obtained only by the special changing arrangement of the profiles creating substantially dovetail-shaped cavities into which the filling material can then be introduced, so that that there

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7, filling material wedges are formed which together with the outer layers together the self-supporting envelope surfaces.

However, the fiber-reinforced extra-duroplastic plastic laminates 4 'can also serve as fillers themselves, since after being 5 connected to the plastic laminates 4 forming the outer layers and after curing the resin material connecting them to the profiles and to each other, a sufficient strength to form in the dovetail-shaped cavities an anchoring body. In this connection, it should be emphasized that the filler material must not only be a mass which is filled into the dovetail cavities, but on the contrary may also consist of plastic laminates which can serve to form an abutment or associated with the edge surfaces of the dovetail cavity body. body having sufficient strength to together with the plastic laminates forming the outer layers to adhere to the self-supporting envelope surface. In this case, therefore, additional "artificial" cavity profiles are formed in the dovetail-shaped cavities which together with the plastic laminates forming the outer layers and the profiles form the envelope surface.

1 FIG. 4, a mounting clip is shown schematically to form contours on sections of the profiles. This mounting clamp consists of a generally U-shaped frame 13 having lateral legs 113 and 113 'and a connector 113 ". The pins 113 and 113' may, as schematically shown at 15, be pivotally connected to the connector 113", so that the legs 111 and 111 'of the U-profile shaped actual mounting clamp 25 11 can be spread apart, which greatly facilitates the application of the mounting clamp to a section of profiles. After attaching the mounting clamp, the hinge joints 15 between the legs 113 and 113 'and the connection part 113 "are fixed by attaching them to the already beamed part of the boat hull or with the strings. A large number of adjustment screws are found in the legs of frame 30 and 13'. 114, provided with wing heads 115. When adjusting the individual adjusting screws, the actual U-profile 11 of the mounting clamp can be elastically adjusted in the desired manner at any time so that the profiles 3 and 3 'in the U-profile can be given to any After designing this desired contour, the profiles 3 and 3 'are fixed in the usual manner to portions of the mold frame and

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8 is also made mutually, for example by spot welding, after which the filler material is removed after removal of the mounting clamps and the plastic laminates are applied.

The 4, the mounting clips shown in Figure 4 are suitable for forming a contour, 5 which causes a concave shell shape open to the right of the drawing. If you want a contour that is curved in the opposite direction, or you want to shape even more complicated contours, then the frame clamps 13 of the mounting clamp must be designed accordingly, and then several differently shaped mounting clamps must be available to form 10 of different contours in different sections, and the mounting clamps can of course also be placed on, for example, longitudinal sections of the boat hull arranged in succession of the profiles and adjusted in different ways.

In order to facilitate the placement and placement of the individual profiles in relation to each other and in the mounting clamps, there can be found spindle-like projections 14 and 14 ', whose mutual distances on the inside of the legs 111 and 111' on the U-profile 11 are chosen so that the can project into the cavities of the longitudinal grooves to be formed. The projections 14 'may, as is schematically indicated in FIG. 5 may also be spring elastically displaceable outwardly, which can be obtained, for example, by means of coil springs 15 which elastically bias a rivet head-like projection in the direction of the longitudinal grooves cavity. However, the projections may also be formed by screws which can be adjusted in the direction of the cavities, which, however, is not shown in the drawing. When the mounting clamps do not, as indicated in FIG. 4, is inserted over the profiles in sections by spreading or opening the U-profile 11, the mounting clamp can instead be pushed over the profiles in a section, the nozzle-like projections being elastically deformed outwards and to the side as they are pushed over those in the main case. horizontally aligned pro-30 files 3 '.

The self-supporting wrapping surfaces produced by the method described have the additional advantage that, by using profiles consisting of a suitable material, additional parts can be placed on the wrapping surface by welding and heat deformation, or openings can be formed therein. before the duroplastic filling

Claims (13)

A method of manufacturing self-supporting wrapping surfaces 5, which is made up of multiple layers, in particular a boat hull shell (1), by means of a skeleton (2) defining the desired three-dimensional shape of the wrapping surface and against which profiles (3, 3 ') with the same cross-section are brought into contact with mutual tooth engagement and fixed point-wise, the profiles being interconnected by means of a hardening plastic filler material which partially penetrates between the profiles (3, 3') and hardens, after which fiber-reinforced curing plastics layers (4, 4 ') are applied to the formed surfaces and joined thereto, characterized in that hollow profiles having a substantially X-shaped cross section are used as profiles and the profiles are arranged such that the cross sections for neighboring profiles have a mutual relationship between them. 90 ° rotated orientation. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fiber-reinforced curing plastic layer (4 ') extending around the main and foot surfaces of each of the substantially horizontal profiles extends to the side surfaces of the generally vertical profiles. and even form the filler material or applied prior to its introduction. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that profiles consisting of 25 plastics or metal, such as aluminum, are used. Method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that several profiles are joined to a section by means of at least one generally U-shaped mounting clamp (11) and the mounting clamp is adapted to the contour of the mold skeleton section which must be coated by bending the mounting clamp which is then attached to the mold skeleton, after which the mounting clamp or clamps are removed. DK 160413 B 10 Method according to claim 4, characterized in that several mounting clips (11) used for one section are individually bent to different contours and fixed. Mounting clamp with a U-profile, the legs of which are formed of an elastic material and for use in the practice according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the U-profile (11) is fixed to a U-profile enclosing, in the same direction, rigid, generally U-shaped frame (13) having the legs of the U-profile (111, 111 ') spaced apart from these legs (113, 113 ') carrying adjusting screws (114, 115) with which the distance between each leg of the U-profile (11) (111, 111') and the associated leg (113, 113 ') of the frame (13) is adjustable. Mounting clamp according to Claim 6, 15, characterized in that the frame (13) on each of its legs (113, 113.) has several spacing screws (114, 115) arranged in the longitudinal distance between the legs, which can be adjusted differently, the longitudinal direction of the leg changing distances between the legs (113, 113 ') of the frame (13) and the associated legs (111, 111') on the U-profile fillet (11) are adjustable. Mounting clamp according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the adjusting screws (114, 115) are threaded into the legs (113, 113 ') of the frame (13) in screw threads (114) which, at their distance from the U-profile ( 11) legs (111, 25 111 ') facing ends are provided with wing heads (115). Mounting clamp according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that the U-profile (11) is made of spring steel. Mounting clamp according to any one of claims 6-9, 30, characterized in that the legs (113, 113 ') of the frame (13) are pivotable at their o-connection part (113 "), but fixed in their mounting position. Mounting clamp according to any one of claims 6-10, characterized in that on the sides (111, 111 ') facing the profiles (3, 3') of the U-profile (11) legs (111, 111 ') there are bolt-like projections (14). , 14 '), the mutual distances of which are selected such that the 5 will engage in voids formed by a generally vertical profile (3) and an adjacent horizontal horizontal profile (3'). The mounting clamp according to claim 11, characterized in that the bolt-like projections (14 ') are 10 spring-elastic in the direction of the cavities so that they contact the substantially vertical profiles (3). Mounting clamp according to claim 12, characterized in that the bolt-like projections (14 ') are formed by screws adjustable in the direction towards the cavities, contacting the substantially vertical profiles (3).