FI76586B - ANORDNING FOER TORVPRODUKTION. - Google Patents

Description

1 76586

Equipment for the production of peat.

The invention relates to an apparatus for producing peat to be incinerated or otherwise utilized all year round, taking advantage of natural drying, provided, however, that the peat to be treated is molten.

Peat can now be produced all year round using methods that use some of the energy from the tour for drying, as can energy from other forms of energy. This is the case, for example, with the briquette method and several others (see, for example, mechanical and thermal drying of peat, Tatu E.Leinonen & Pekka Marttila, Report No. 13, University of Oulu, Oulu 1976)

The methods have not become widespread due to their poor overall efficiency and complex equipment.

Most of the peat currently being raised is raised as either milled peat or lump peat. The methods are based on drying the peat in a pre-treated swamp in good weather after lifting, after drying the peat is stored in an interim storage to wait for further transport, often on hard ground.

The summer of 1981 was very rainy in Finland, production with the mentioned methods fell far short of targets, and expensive machinery and equipment stood idle, waiting in vain for dry rainy seasons.

At the beginning of the century, peat has also been lifted by means of peat pieces lifted with a fixed tool. is stacked in the bog, and transported after drying out of the bog.

In addition, current peat production is characterized by high demand for money, slow capital turnover and strong energy policy guidance, which together have contributed to the fact that peat has not yet become a significant source of energy for Finland, although there is plenty of peat compared to other domestic energy resources.

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In addition to the disadvantages mentioned in connection with the above-mentioned methods, problems related to the storage of milled peat, dusting in the wind, self-ignition, difficult to handle and poor shelf life can be found, the same disadvantages have been found for peat. has been found to be weak. The methods require long, dry periods during the summer, require expensive machinery and equipment in use for a short period, and require expensive preparatory measures lasting several years before production can begin. The appearance of the swamp in production! The chicken is gloomy, and almost no attention has been paid to the after-treatment design. With the mentioned methods, part of the bog is not lifted, and at least peat with a certain degree of decay is suitable for lifting.

The device according to the invention avoids the disadvantages listed above. The equipment according to the invention is able to produce peat all year round, taking advantage of natural drying, provided that the peat is melted during the equipment treatment. The claims include what is characteristic of the hardware.

The main advantage of the invention is that peat production is possible all year round without the use of non-natural energy for the subsequent drying. This means that machines and equipment designed for a specific production can produce production calculated regardless of the weather with a certainty of $ 100.

The results of the developed equipment are based on tests carried out in March-October in Pofcjois, Finland. Experiments direct. peat was compressed into different shapes of water-permeable molds. The experiments will be explained in more detail in the application a little later. The * peat chips "obtained as a result of compression were frozen, dried, irrigated, floated in closed shutters, frozen, tested and marveled. Peat grades of test decay were used with different degrees of decay peat.

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Two alternative methods for producing peat all year round, starting from the gut and ending with storage, are described below.

What both have in common is that the peat is lifted from the bog in layers or up to the barge and that before squeezing the peat is screened Oversized pieces that can be crushed and added to the peat to be squeezed. Frozen extrudates are easy to handle.

Experiments have shown that some peat grades and / or degrees of decomposition require freezing and thawing in accordance with the natural cycle in order to achieve sufficient squeezing of the water bound to the peat. The rate of water discharge from the lake bottom sludge also increases after freezing. An alternative treatment is to remove the finest component of the peat or slurry, for example with dilution water.

What the methods have in common is a water-permeable filter layer to protect the routed dewatering surfaces, against which a drier peat layer is formed, through which water passes and which peat layer thickens against the actual filter layer during compression.

When squeezing peat discs from coarse material, such as crushed wood lifted from a bog, which is relatively coarse, a separate filter layer may not be required.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a press according to the invention

Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the molds according to Figure 5

Figure 3 shows a peat piston pump

Kuvfip 4 shows a peat piston pump

Figure 5 shows a peat dewatering mold

Figure 6 shows the mold emptying devices

Figure 7 shows peat compression curves * 76586

Explanation of the compression results shown in Fig. 7. The circled 1 depicts the thickness of the compacts made with the press according to Fig. 1 as a function of time. The circled 2 depicts the thickness of the compression. na compared to the initial thickness.Circularized 3 depicts the hardness of the extrudate by hand.Circularized 4 depicts the behavior of an extrudate 105 mm thick when water is added to it. compaction results were made with a press as shown in Figure 1 at 15 ° C for peat with a degree of decomposition of about 3 H3, which was lifted from the natural bog.

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Figure 1 shows an apparatus for pressing low peat logs, peat discs. The peat transferred to the feed silo 25 is treated as follows. When the piston 26 in its initial position fills the space at the silo 25, the piston 27 closes the outlet end of the compression pipe 28. The piston 27 is locked in place. The piston 26 pushes the compression pipe 28 full or the pressure level in the feed silo fills it. As the piston 26 starts to move, the volume of peat decreases and a corresponding amount of water escapes. several under the feed silo 25. The piston (s) 26 is operated e.g. hydraulically, whereby the retention of the piston 27 is possible with a slightly larger hydraulic cylinder than behind the piston 26. When sufficient dry matter required by the peat compact is reached, the piston 27 is pulled out from the front and the piston 26 out.Repeated.The compression units under the silo next to each other can operate in time or individually. The ends of the pistons 26 and 27 are shaped so that air circulates between the end faces of the stacked extrudates during drying. Once the extrudates have been extracted, they are stacked to dry out in a natural cycle as air-dry logs in the order of 100 mm or less. would withstand processing up to 500mm if processing is automated with no diameter restrictions.

The pressing is done only so dry that the processing time required for storage is achieved, nature evaporates the rest of the water.

The compression pipe 28 with its pistons 26,27 is the most important part of the equipment.

The pistons 26 and 27 are properly sealed. The piston 27 does not necessarily need a seal because the filter layer of its perforated face can act as a seal. The seals of the piston 26 may be attached to the compression tube 28 or they may be attached to the piston. The piston 26 is hollow to allow water to escape. The surface of the pistons 26 and 27 may have a separate removable filter layer mounting plate that is perforated and grooved in its rear surface so that the actual piston has only 1 or a few large drainage holes.

The structure of the pistons 26 and 27 is such that the sealing surfaces can be washed by back-rinsing. Both pistons 26, 27 can move inside the press tube 28. The feed opening at the feed silo 25 of the press tube 28 is smoothly shaped.

The piston 27 end of the compression tube 28 may be conical insofar as the piston 26 does not support as it moves during the compression step.

The filter surfaces 29 are easily replaceable and removable for washing. The metallic filter material is also well suited as it can be burned clean.

Since the peat settles heavier than the water, the feed silo 25 can be filled with a normal centrifugal pump by pumping either peat diluted in the bog or sludge raised from the bottom of the lake, the flow must be strongly turbulent in the pipe .If necessary, the overflow of the supply tank acts as a return water, circulating water, which can be separated, for example, by using cyclone.

Peat discs are briquetted if necessary.

The method is year-round, dust-free and the infiltrating water is quite clear.

The shape of the compression tube may be other than round, its dimensions may be so large that the disc is cut into pieces to dry.

The peat to be compressed does not move along the filter surface, so the filter surfaces last a long time.

Before withdrawing the compact, the piston 26 is locked in place for a few seconds, whereby the pressure in the compact decreases due to the escaping water.

If the starting dry matter is low, several filling and pressing operations are performed.

If the starting dry matter is very low, stepwise compression can be performed so that in the first stage there is a large diameter and a small pressure, in the second stage the compact goes to a slightly smaller diameter and a slightly higher pressure, etc. The number of steps is necessary.

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When there are a large number of presses, a very large ί is obtained

water-draining area under pressure. J

The equipment can also be used to compress, for example, wet wood material in addition to those mentioned above.

When the dimensions of the peat disk of the device according to Fig. 1 (diameter 200mm), height 80mm, dry matter after pressing 25i ° and pressing time a total of 90 s, one pressing device produces 6 months of continuous use in 108 months (melt on the ground "108 tons of peat (100 $ ), corresponding to about 48 tonnes of oil when air-dried.

Here is another alternative hardware (Vnvr · 2)

The peat is lifted to a feed tank 1, from where the peat is pumped by a pump 2 to the manifold 24 and through a valve 4 to large peat molds 8 to obtain a large dewatering area and a long dewatering time. The molds 8 are grouped so that when the group molds the group is separated by a valve 5 ”in the manifold 24, the halos are removed from the molds, the molds 8 are closed and the valve 5 is opened. There may be one or more mold groups. The peat halves removed from the molds 8 are cut into 100 mm thick discs. dry out and stored in a natural cycle like logs. Air-dried peat logs are briquetted if desired.

It is essential that the peat bale has a long lead time compared to other currently used methods and that there is a large drainage area. Once the desired production has been determined, it can be achieved by introducing the desired number of molds. For example, the final dry matter of a 10 liter mold is $ 25. , the mold time is 10 minutes and the mold is used for 6 months a year in one go. With the mentioned values, 54 tons of air-dried peat are obtained from one mold, corresponding to an energy content of about 25 tons of oil.

The pumping with the pump 2 takes place in such a way that the stroke volume of the piston 6 is filled with peat through the valve 3 with the valve 4 closed. The seals 7 of the piston 6 are fixed in order to minimize wear. When the piston 6 starts its working movement, the valve 3 is closed and the valve 4 is opened. The travel of the piston 6 ends at the valve 4 side of the filling opening under the valve 3.

When the piston 6 starts its return movement, the valve 4 is closed and and the valve 3 is opened, whereby the piston 6 absorbs its stroke volume to the full of peat.

8 76586 i 5, j Piston 6 is operated either hydraulically or mechanically! or otherwise.The seals 7 are in two groups so that the distance between them is longer than the stroke length.A small amount of water is passed between the seals 7 so that the water rinses clean in the event of leakage between the inner seal and the piston.Rinsed water is molded water. .Seals 7 can also be attached to the piston 6.

The pressure of the peat to be pumped into each mold group increases with the increase in dry matter. The pressure is increased so that the dry matter content of the mold is as high as possible, ie the rate of pressure rise towards the end. and one for final compression. There may be several pumps in stages. Each pump is kicked and equipped with its own valves for each mold group. The pressures of the pumps are determined by the desired dry matter and the mold. The structure of the pump is shown in Figure 3.

The pump can also be constructed in such a way that the valve 3 is omitted. In this case, the piston 6 moves so that the actual stroke volume starts from the valve 4 side of the inlet. The piston returns so that the peat can fill the stroke. The actual pressure seal 7 of the pump or at the end of the piston 6.

The structure of such a pump is shown in Figure M ·

The flow of peat to the molds 8 takes place via the valve 4 to the manifold 24, of which through the group valves 5 and the piping to the molds 8. Each mold can also have its own isolation valve. The same calculation principles as for thick cellulose pulp can be applied. a correction factor.

Pumping can also be done so that the pumps are in the swamp and the molds are on hard ground. Other types of pumps than those described above can also be used.

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Due to the poor movement of water inside the peat, the peat remains evenly moist in the piping. It is a good idea to keep the pumped peat so moist that when it is taken full and the hand is pressed into the fist, some water can easily separate. This applies to all materials pumped into the mold. dry that they need to be moistened, others can be pre-squeezed out of the water somewhat.

The mold 8 consists of a cover 9, a jacket 10, a base 11 and an inlet pipe 15 and associated filter surfaces in the cover 12, a jacket 13, a base 14 and an inlet pipe 16, and a bottom drain pipe 18 with filter surfaces 17, the drainage pipe is conical. The surfaces under the filter surfaces, with the exception of the injection pipe 15, are perforated to remove water.

The filter surfaces 12, 13, 14, 16 and 17 are such that they pass water but not through the peat and that the water can move easily inside the filter layer to the dewatering device. a press felt used in paper and pulp machines, with a smooth dense surface acting as a filter and a sparse bottom acting as a water drain. Other materials meeting similar requirements can also be used. The density of the drainage holes is determined by the dewatering capacity of the filter layer.

In order to remove the peat beam, the mold 8 is split. Another way is to push the peat beam out of the mold with the push plate 19 after opening the blade 11. The push plate 19 is perforated »provided with push pins 20 coming through the cover 9, with a filter surface 12 (moved from the cover). The structure of the push plate is shown in Fig. 6>.

Either the splitting of the mold or the opening of the base 11 and the pushing movement of the pusher plate 19 required to remove the peat halo are carried out in such a way that the cam does not burr much when removing the halo.

The conicity of the mold 8 is suitable for removing peat bites.

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The supply pipe 15 enters the mold so that the peat flows as perpendicularly as possible to the filter surfaces. The drain pipe 18 can be omitted or there can be several, the need increases as the mold volume increases. The mold jacket can also have axial fins provided on the filter surface to remove water.

The model of the mold 8 is the best ball for the movement of peat, which has a small dewatering surface area in terms of volume, so the use of other models is more advantageous from the point of view of dewatering.

The size of the mold 8 depends on how the peat cracks are handled after the mold removal and for what purpose the log is made.

The structures of the mold 8 are made to withstand the compression pressure.

The design of the mold 8 when using pulp machine blankets is such that the height and diameter are approximately the same, because the abundant movement of the peat along the filter surface breaks the filter surface. When using a slippery filter material that withstands axial movement, especially as a jacket filter, longer , but it must withstand the movement of peat under pressure along its surface.

The filter layer 13 of the jacket 10 of the mold 8 can also be replaced by other types of water-dissipating solutions, for example axially sufficiently densely mounted grooves with a filterable and water-dissipating filling.

Peat cracks are made in a group of molds formed by several molds 8 connected in parallel. The valve 5 is opened and the peat flows into the molds, water is removed and new peat flows into its place. Flows decrease as dry matter increases. When the pressure reaches the set value, the valve 5 is closed, waiting for some time for the pressure to drop due to the removal of water. The valve 5 can be closed for a while so that the pressure does not form a dry layer against the wall unnecessarily quickly.

The halos are removed from the molds 8 by means of a push plate 19 after opening the polisher 11, stacked or stacked in the desired shape to dry. Large halos dry individually. The storage is protected if necessary. Long halos are sliced to speed drying.

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The number of mold groups and molds in them is dimensioned, corresponding to the production. Other equipment required for production is dimensioned accordingly.

The filling and pressing of the mold can also take place with the pump 2 directly connected to the mold 8 (cf. experiments 1, 2, 3) or the impact chamber directly to the mold so that the lower part of the mold is provided with a filter layer and the piston has a smooth and perforated travel. directly into the mold, the piston head is also made to filter the water. The piston can be made with one compression stroke or several compression strokes, in which case a valve is needed. The piston structure can also be such that it is staggered.

Before entering the mold, the water can be removed in a pre-removal section, which is made like a mold and from which the peat enters the actual mold. To speed up the removal of water, the peat can be mixed.

The mold can be built into a long pipe from the required number of cylindrical mold pieces, the peat is pushed through, water is removed all the way and a continuous peat plug comes out, which is cut into suitable pieces. To keep the dry matter in a controlled direction, each section is equipped with a pressure-resistant The filter coefficient is resistant to axial frictional force. The required pressure at the beginning is obtained by closing the outlet end, after which the friction at the drier end causes the necessary pressure. After the dewatering parts there may be a contraction which provides additional counter-pressure if necessary. straight part. The diameter of the mold pieces may be different, there may be conical parts in between.

If axial movement occurs in the mold and the frictional force is desired to be as small as possible, a separate perforated inner jacket is made in the mold. The holes become clogged with drying peat, but can be opened by rinsing

Each mold may have its own valve with which it can be separated from its group if necessary.

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There may be several feed pipes depending on the mold size.

The joints used in the construction of the equipment and the seals of the non-pump piston do not have to be completely tight, because the leak seals itself when the hole is so small that the peat cannot fit through.

Based on the sludge taken from the lake bottom, the mold is also suitable for dewatering other plant-derived materials.

Briquetting of an air-dried peat beam is possible without drying energy. Once the storage is covered, air-dried peat logs can be taken from there at any time and briquetted into the desired shape.

Less decomposed bog surface peat can be mixed with more decomposed peat and binds the peat bog even better in the meadow, as the surface peat contains long, binding vegetable residues.

Production can be carried out all year round in a covered warm room. In winter, it is easy to transport peat from the gut because the surface is frozen.

Other combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments are also possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the claims.

The bog emptied of peat is converted into a lake or afforested or the peat is raised so that the surface layer is returned to its place.

Claims (5)

Apparatus for producing flat peat or peat discs from molten peat raised from a bog all year round, characterized in that water is pressed out of the peat in a filling pipe (28) to be filled from the feed silo (25), inside which a piston (26) moves and is closed by another piston (27). ), which are water-permeable but not peat-permeable, and continue to rumble under increasing pressure until the dry matter content required to form the peat disc is reached, after which the second piston (27) is pulled out from the front and the compression piston (26) pushes out the gravel. nuristusnutkesta. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the tour. Shake the water off in a conical shape. in a mold (8) into which new peat is pumped with oump (2) until a sufficient dry matter content is required to form a peat bog, and the filter layers (12,13,14,16) on the inner surface of the mold are water-permeable but not permeable to peat and ) »Jacket (10) and base. (11) are perforated in their portions below the filter layer to remove water. Apparatus according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that there are a plurality of grooving tubes (28) or molds (8), the dewatering surface being abundant. Apparatus according to Claims 1 and 2 (characterized in that, in addition to peat, it can also be used to make similar materials from other materials of vegetable origin, such as chipped or rot wood, lake bed sludge, animal faeces, etc. Hardware according to claim 1, characterized in that the pistons (26, 27) are locked in place for a few seconds before the second piston (27) is pulled out of the front and the piston (26) pushes the extrudate out of the compression tube (28).