FI75178B - PROFILE, VILKEN OMFATTAR EN KAERNPROFIL AV FOERSTAERKT PLAST OCH ETT OMHOELJET AV PLAST SOM OMGER KAERNPROFILEN. - Google Patents

Description

j 75178

The invention relates to a molding comprising an inner profile made of reinforced plastic and a plastic sheath surrounding this inner profile.

In the plastics industry, the aim is to expand the range of materials offered by combining fillers and reinforcing materials with 10 classic thermoplastics. In this case, the aim is to increase strength and rigidity on the one hand and to lower the price on the other. Inactive fillers generally refer to additives in solid form that differ in composition and structure from the plastic matrix; these are most often inorganic materials, also called fillers, such as calcium carbonate, hydrated clays and aluminosilicates. By active fillers are meant fillers which improve certain mechanical or physical properties of the plastic, they are also often referred to as reinforcing fillers. The best reinforcing materials generally have a fibrous structure and the most commonly used reinforcing material is fiberglass. While inactive fillers often tend to reduce the tensile strength and toughness of the plastic, are chemically inactive and inexpensive, reinforcing agents such as glass fibers achieve a plastic stiffening effect and good force release with low shrinkage while being chemically inactive. Anisotropy in reinforcing materials such as glass fibers is detrimental, as is the orientation of the glass fibers when shaping the plastic mass.

Attempts have also been made in the past to provide mechanically stiffer and stronger hollow plastic profiles for window and door frames, as described, for example, in German Patent 10 86 032, in which the hollow profiles assembled into a frame are subsequently filled with flowing 2 75178 or plastic fillings. and wherein, for example, phenolic resins or xylolite are used as the filler. Also in the manufacture of window or door frames in accordance with Swiss patent 411 301, hollow profiles made of elastic plastic, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC) -based plastic, are filled with a curable filler based on plastic bentonium, e.g. foamed polystyrene with added cement. or an epoxy resin and in which the additives are granular material such as sand, aluminum crumb, vermiculites, etc. to increase the strength. The list of building forms according to the German utility model 19 94 127 uses an interior made of inexpensive materials, such as inferior plastics, wax stones, pressed wood waste, etc., which interior is provided with a coating made of precious plastic on all sides. According to German application 23 26 911, attempts have also already been made to produce plastic-clad window cover profiles in which a cellular plastic interior is surrounded by a solid plastic sheath, which may include light metal pipes or plastic tubes as reinforcement to increase rigidity. An example of a concise list of multi-layer building forms is described in German application publication 28 27 851, 25 in which a hollow plastic profile made in particular of PVC is filled with a plastic filler consisting of a methyl methacrylate matrix with a hollow silicate sphere. With all these massive multilayer moldings, there are difficulties in obtaining perfectly tight seams at the corners and joints of the moldings, which are both watertight and windproof and of sufficient strength and which can be made by methods similar to those of Pe-35.

Il 3 751 78

In addition, according to French Pat. No. 1,602,375, a two-layer hollow mold strip has already become known, comprising a hollow profile made of fiberglass-reinforced polyester, which forms a core 5 externally clad with a second layer of glass fiber impregnated with plastic. Also when using this profile, it has proved difficult to achieve perfect strong joints at the corners and at the junctions of the profiles.

German Offenlegungsschrift No. 25,40639 discloses a polyvinyl chloride-based powdered glass fiber-reinforced extrudate consisting of 15 to 30 parts by weight of a mineral filler with an average particle size of less than 50, 1.5 to 3 parts by weight of at least one lubricant and 15 to 30 parts by weight. per part of glass fibers per 100 parts by weight of 15 polyvinyl chloride. This mass makes it possible to produce reinforced objects with a smooth surface and a homogeneous structure by the extrusion process.

As is apparent from German Offenlegungsschrift No. 25 40 639 and other literature, considerable difficulties arise in trying to homogeneously mix larger amounts of glass fibers with thermoplastics, in particular also polyvinyl chloride. In this case, not only shaping machines, such as kneaders, mixers, extruders, are subjected to high wear, but also homogenization, i.e. even distribution of the glass fibers within the thermoplastics, as well as adhesion between the glass fibers and the thermoplastics. Thus, it is already known to improve the adhesion of glass fibers to plastic by subjecting the glass fibers to a surface treatment, the best known of which is silanization, cf. for example, 30 B.W. Lipinsky's inscription "Silane lösen Haftprobleme", defazet, 28th vintage, no. 5, 1974, pages 207-211. British Patent 1,345,841 discloses a fiberglass-reinforced thermoplastic compound to which 5 to 150 parts by weight of glass fibers are added per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic and an additional 35 to 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of a special adhesion promoter based on "metallocenes" ( Metallocene).

4 75178

The object of the invention is to provide a glass-fiber-reinforced combination based on polyvinyl chloride, in which glass-fiber proportions higher than the glass-fiber proportions of extrudates known according to German Patent Publication No. 25 40 639, but without the specialty of British Patent 1,345,841 improved mechanical properties and which can be perfectly formed into homogeneous shaped bodies. In particular, there is a need for profiles with high mechanical stiffness and good weather resistance.

The mold strip according to the invention is characterized in that the weldable inner profile is extruded from a homogeneous, glass fiber-reinforced PVC combination known per se, containing 100 parts by weight of poly-vinyl chloride having a K value of 55-75, 40-100 parts by weight of glass fibers, with a diameter of 5 to 25 μm and a length of up to 12 mm and 0 to 25 parts by weight of a mineral filler with an average particle diameter of less than 50 μm and combined with a sheath made of PVC-compatible plastic the impact toughness is higher than that of the inner profile.

Preferably, 1 to 20 parts by weight of mineral filler are used per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride. Surprisingly, it has been found that the use of relatively small proportions of mineral powder fillers in combination with relatively large proportions of glass fibers gives a reinforced polyvinyl chloride mass which can still be excellently formed, in particular by extrusion, and which has balanced properties. In particular, the modulus of elasticity can be increased compared to unreinforced polyvinyl chloride, whereby the mass used according to the invention achieves a modulus of elasticity of at least 8000 N / mm2 for extruded products at 23 ° C in the extrusion direction, measured according to DIN 53457.

Polyvinyl chloride means bulk, suspension-35 or emulsion PVC with a K-value of 55-75, in addition to polyvinylidene chloride, post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and

II

Copolymers obtained from at least one monomer copolymerizable with 5,751,78 chlorinated monomers, e.g. homopolymer or copolymer or inoculum polymers, e.g. ethylene-vinyl acetate, acrylate, vinyl acetate, chlorinated polyethylene, butadiene, co-copolymers or other polyolefins as components, as well as mixtures of these substances.

The function of the mineral fillers as a supplement to the glass fibers in these small amounts is hardly to make the combination cheaper, but mainly to improve the shaping behavior, with little effect on the mechanical properties of the pulp. Excessive mineral filler content adversely affects the desired improvements in mechanical properties through the use of glass fibers. Suitable fillers are mineral fillers, e.g. natural or precipitated chalk, silicon chalk, colloidal silicic acid, aluminum silicates, or hydrated clays with or without a corresponding surface treatment, alone or in admixture with each other. The grain size of the fillers should possibly not substantially exceed the fiber diameter of the glass fibers, i.e. the maximum grain diameter of the filler should be less than 50 μm, preferably less than 20 μm.

According to the manufacturing method, the starting material for the glass fibers is either endless or cut glass fibers with a preferred fiber diameter of 5-25. The starting length of the cut fibers should be at least 0.5 mm, preferably 3-12 mm. In any case, the length of these fibers shortens to a final length of about 0.3-1.5 mm, for example in extrusion, as a result of the breaks in manufacturing and processing. In principle, all types of glass fibers that are compatible with PVC are useful for the invention. Preferably, however, fibers which have been pretreated with corresponding surface treatments by the addition of adhesion promoters, such as vinylsilane and substituted alkylsilanes, e.g.

35 chloroalkyl, aminoalkyl, diaminoalkylsilanes, etc. However, this pretreatment usually takes place in the process of manufacturing the glass fibers and not in the shaping of the PVC pulps. By using 40-100 parts by weight of glass fibers per 100 parts by weight of PVC according to the invention, a modulus of elasticity of at least 8000 N / mm is achieved in the modified product.

5 In addition to good impact strength, unmodified polyvinyl chloride has only moderate notch impact strength. The addition of glass fibers has only a minor effect on the notch impact toughness, but good impact toughness nevertheless decreases to the level of lo-vi impact toughness. Therefore, according to the invention, a modifying agent such as ethylene-vinyl acetate, acrylates, chlorinated polyethylene, acrylic-butadiene-styrene, methacrylate-butadiene-styrene and the like are added to the combination 10 up to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of PVC.

Compared to the usual amounts of lubricants added in the modification of PVC, a substantially higher lubricant addition is used for the combinations according to the invention compared to the known combinations. This is preferably 2.5-5.5 parts by weight of lubricant per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride with the combination according to the invention, the proportion of lubricant increasing with increasing proportion of glass fiber and filler. Known lubricants are used in the modification of PVC and PVC-containing molding compositions, i.e. usually mixtures with e.g. internal, i.e. very compatible with PVC-25, and the so-called external lubricants, i.e.

Products less well compatible with PVC. The group of inner lubricants includes, for example, glycerin, neutral and basic metal soaps of natural or oxidized carboxylic acids with chain lengths of ci2-c40 'mono “> di- and triesters, ras-30 va alcohols having the above-mentioned chain lengths. , preferably e.g. lead, calcium, barium, magnesium and cadmium stearates of metals, C1-4C3 alcohols esterified with C12 "c36" acids, phthalic acid esters of long chain alcohols 35, etc. The group of external lubricants includes, for example, C2-2C40 fatty acids or substituted and (oxidized) fatty acid and,

II

7 751 78 Paraffin oils and solid paraffins, polyethylenes or oxidised polyethylenes, fatty acid amides, silicone oils and the like.

In addition, other additives are customary in the modification of PVC-containing mixtures, in particular stabilizers, such as, for example, complex barium cadmium soaps, lead salts or lead soaps, complex calcium-zinc soaps, alkyltin mercapto compounds or alkyltin carboxylates such as organic tin carboxylates, epoxidized oils or esters, diphenylthioureas, phenylindole, aryl or alkyl or aryl-alkyl mixed phosphates alone or in mixtures. In addition, known antioxidants, such as, for example, sterically hindered phenols or bis-phenol, etc., can also be added to the combination, in particular to stabilize the modifying or co- or inoculated components. Preferred amounts are 1 to 5 parts by weight of the stabilizing agents. per part by weight of PVC.

Other known additives include processing aids, plasticizers, as well as plasticizing aids and colorants.

A preferred combination for use according to the invention contains 100 parts by weight of PVC having a K value of 55-75, 40-80 parts by weight of glass fibers with a diameter of 5-25 μm and a length of 0.5-12 mm, 1- 15 parts by weight of a powdered 25 mineral filler with an average particle diameter of less than 50 μια, and 2.5-5.0 parts by weight of a lubricant and up to 30 parts by weight of a modifier.

The present invention has remarkable advantages which make the use of a fiberglass-reinforced polyvinylchlorine-30 di combination particularly suitable for the production of moldings, in particular by extrusion, the moldings having an elastic modulus in the extrusion direction of at least 8000 N / mm at 23 °. The moldings produced have a very fine small-porous surface, depending on the respective glass part and filler part, as a result of which the adhesion to subsequent coatings based on, for example, β 75178 PVC or some other thermoplastic is considerably improved. According to the invention, this combination is used for the production of inner profiles with high mechanical rigidity and strength, which are then subsequently or simultaneously clad with a sheath made of unreinforced same or other base thermoplastic, for example by extrusion, lamination or dipping. It is also possible to cover only the surface of the shaped body. Particularly suitable for surface treatment are materials which are compatible with PVC 10 and which may also be particularly weather-resistant, such as acrylates, polyesters, polymethyl acrylates, acrylic-containing polymers, etc., or multilayer coatings with various materials.

The combination used according to the invention makes it possible to produce moldings with substantially improved mechanical properties compared to unreinforced plastic, so that moldings can be used for load-bearing structures and, for example in the plastics field, the often common use of metal reinforcements in molded structures can be omitted. reduce.

The molding according to the invention, which optionally comprises an inner profile made of hollow reinforced plastic and a plastic coating surrounding the inner profile, is particularly well suited for the production of window and door frames. This moldings meet the weather resistance requirements for window and door frames as well as the requirements for mechanical strength and rigidity. In addition, the use of this form strip makes it possible to join the profiles into finished frames with the simplest possible joining technique, in particular by welding. Because these moldings use inexpensive materials, economical mass production becomes possible. The mold strip according to the invention is further characterized by machinability.

By using a hollow, fiberglass-reinforced PVC-based inner profile according to the invention,

II

9 75178 rigid strong structure with a high modulus of elasticity and which is very well dimensionally stable, i.e. the stresses generated when the mass is formed into a mold strip are not released even at high temperatures up to 100 ° C. Since the inner profile 5 is poorly dyeable due to the high glass fiber content, i.e. it has a gray-yellow color due to the glass fibers, the function of the sheath is not only to impart color to the profile, but also to form a flat surface. In addition, it is an essential feature of the invention that the impact toughness of the composite profile, the profile interior of which is relatively brittle due to the glass fiber portion, is increased by selecting the impact-resistant material for the sheath accordingly. Due to the high glass fiber content, the inner profile has a slightly rough surface with a microporous structure, due to which the plastic coating can adhere quite well and a particularly good adhesion or adhesive strength is achieved directly between the inner profile and the coating without additives.

The glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride mass selected for the inner profile according to the invention, even when using relatively small parts of mineral powder fillers, still, together with relatively large parts of glass fiber, has a very good formability by extrusion and balanced physical properties. In particular, its modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction is at least 8000 N / mm at 23 ° C, measured in accordance with DIN 53457.

Preferably, the sheath is constructed of a plastic based on polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of chlorinated monomer and at least one of the monomers polymerizable with it, such as homo- or co- or inoculated polymers. with butadiene, polyolefins or mixtures thereof, which may additionally contain additives such as stabilizers, lubricants, pigments, UV absorbers, processing aids and modifiers. Thermoplastics which are preferably suitable for the second group of sheaths are those based on acrylates or polymethyl methacrylates, acrylic-butadiene-styrene or methacryl-butadiene-styrene 5 or polyesters or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or

In order to reduce the use of material, it is proposed according to the invention to create inner profiles as hollow profiles, the wall thicknesses being designed to be 1.0 to 10 10 mm, preferably 2.0 to 4 mm. The main function of the sheath is to refine the surface and possibly contribute to increasing the impact strength and weather resistance, and its thickness is preferably 0.2 to 4 mm, in particular 0.3 to 1.5 mm. It is also possible to partially make the jacket twice from different materials, for example by providing the visible side of the profile with a jacket made of material A and the other half with a jacket made of profile material B or to dye different areas of the jacket differently.

In further developing the invention, it may further be advantageous to construct the cladding at least partially multilayer of different materials. Thus, it is possible to combine the different properties of the individual ingredients and thus to adapt to the different requirements of the product, which cannot be achieved with a single ingredient alone. In a preferred variant of the invention, it is provided that the curtain is provided with the same partially covering cover layer, which consists of weather-resistant plastic and which is also highly colorable, in particular acrylate-based, and has a thickness of 0.1-1.2 mm. In this case, this additional cover layer 30 can be applied by co-extrusion, but also by lamination with a film or by brushing.

Because the inner profile, which has a high glass fiber content, is relatively brittle, but still has low shrinkage and high rigidity and strength, it may be advantageous to improve the impact resistance of the multilayer profile with a corresponding sheath finish. To this end, it is proposed that:

II

The 75178 sheath contains, in addition to plastic, up to 20% by weight of an impact modifier such as ethylene vinyl acetate, chlorinated polyethylene, methacryl butadiene styrene, polybutyl acrylate or acrylates.

5 The function of the inner profile made of glass-fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride is mainly to act as a stiffening support structure for the molding. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the sheath is formed to include profile strip profiling such as grooves, protrusions, steps, side bulges and the like.

The multilayer molding according to the invention is preferably produced by co-extrusion, it is externally calibrated and has a residual shrinkage of less than 0.5%, in particular less than 0.3%. Compared to pure plastic profiles made of hard PVC, the multi-layer 15 product according to the invention has a substantially increased modulus of elasticity and thus higher rigidity and torsional strength, higher strength and thus greater resistance to breakage and almost completely reduced, near-zero shrinkage thermally induced shrinkage. . In particular, when used in climatic zones with large temperature differences, temperature distortion due to thermal radiation is avoided and a substantial reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion is achieved, thereby significantly reducing tolerance problems in frame fabrication and thus machining problems.

The production of the multilayer moldings according to the invention also has the advantage that it is necessary to thermally stabilize the inner profile based on glass-fiber-reinforced PVC with respect only to PVC, while the jacket 30 must also be stabilized with respect to weather resistance, UV absorbers and pigments. Thus, in general, a reduction in the price of the product can be achieved through a reduced use of more expensive materials, while at the same time substantially improving the mechanical properties in particular.

Since the multilayer profiles according to the invention with a glass-fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride inner profile have a very low shrinkage, they are also more thermally loadable under weather conditions, i.e. they can also be heated higher by solar radiation without discharging unauthorized stresses. leads to unauthorized shrinkage of the profile. Thus, however, it is also possible to paint the multilayer profiles according to the invention externally in the cladding or cover layer also in dark colors, such as brown, black, dark green, as often required by architects for aesthetic reasons. Such dark staining is not possible with hard PVC profiles, for example, because when they exceed certain heating temperatures, they shrink due to the release of stresses, so that the frames tear.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the mold strip 15 according to the invention with a fiberglass-reinforced sieve profile, despite the large glass fiber section, can be welded flawlessly and that good welding strengths are obtained, which are required especially in the manufacture of window and door frames.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings by means of some examples. Figures 1-6 show cross-sections of various multilayer moldings in an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 schematically shows a hollow inner profile 1 made of fiberglass-reinforced polyvinyl chloride, which is externally lined with a thin sheath 2 made of thermoplastic such as hard PVC or ABS. In addition, a cover layer 3 made of a different plastic than the sheath 30 2, for example a weather-resistant plastic such as polymethyl methacrylate, is directly connected to a part of the surface of the jacket. Here, it is also possible to laminate, for example, a very thin film of polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl fluoride by means of a layer of adhesive.

Fig. 2 schematically shows a hollow inner profile 1 with a fiberglass reinforcement 35, which is externally provided with a sheath 2, which in parts 2a and 2b is assembled 75178 of different materials or of different colors of the same materials.

Figure 3 shows a mold strip comprising two inner profiles 1a, 1b made of glass-fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride, which act as a stiffening fire structure, and a permanent, thermoplastic, shaping jacket 2 made of, for example, hard PVC. The shaping jacket 2 here gives the profile an external shape including the projections 21.

Figure 4 shows a T-shaped molding with a multi-chamber hollow inner profile 1 made of fiberglass-reinforced PVC, which gives the profile the required rigidity, strength, torsional rigidity and modulus of elasticity.

This inner profile 1 is provided with a sheath 2 made of thermoplastic 15, the sheath containing additional shaping shapes in the form of projections 21, etc. In addition, this profile can also be provided, for example, with a cover layer 3 on the weathered side, which is particularly weather-resistant and which can be dyed differently from the jacket-20 pa 2. Preferably, such a profile according to Fig. 4 is produced by co-extrusion, whereby the layers 1, 2 and 3 are joined. takes place without adhesion promoter and the multilayer profile 1, 2, 3 takes its final shape in a single calibration tool, provided that compatible thermoplastic materials are used.

Figure 5 shows a further possibility of preforming and using the invention, whereby a very simple inner profile 1 shaped in the form of a rectangular hollow profile 30 is provided with a jacket implementing a very complex profile shape made of a suitable plastic. Such a profile can also advantageously be produced by co-extrusion.

In another aspect of the invention, Fig. 6 shows that it is also possible to form an inner profile 1 from fiberglass-reinforced PVC with a complex profiling 14 75178 and several hollow chambers, whereby the casing 2 then follows the shaping of the inner profile 1. Here, too, an additional surface treatment layer 3 can be designed, which can cover only a part of the surface of the jacket, but possibly also the entire profile jacket.

It will be apparent from the above descriptions of the figures that in each case the load-bearing profile, the inner profile 1, is made of glass-fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride. A sheath made of unreinforced fiberglass thermoplastic, such as hard PVC or acrylate, and possibly an additional cover layer made of some other material and possibly also dyed differently from the sheath, refine the properties of the inner profile. The multilayer profile is preferably extruded, in which case the thicknesses of the individual layers can be the same or they can also be different, this being also determined in particular by the static stress, making optimal use of the properties of the material layers. Because the inner profile 20 made of fiberglass-reinforced PVC has very good mechanical properties, it can be manufactured in a simplified cross-section compared to pure hard PVC profiles.

The function of the sheathing layer is not only to close and close the possibly porous and rough surface of the inner profile, but also to improve the appearance and weather resistance. In addition, the walls of the calibration tool are less stressed by the thermoplastic sheath layer when calibrating the multilayer profile than if the fiberglass-reinforced material had to be calibrated directly. In this way, the sheathing also reduces wear when making profiles in metal tools.

Figure 7 schematically shows an apparatus for producing a multilayer profile according to the invention by co-extrusion. 10 shows a main extruder for extruding a glass-35 fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride mass for an inner profile, and in front of it is connected an extrusion working

II

15,751 78 tool for molding 12 inner profiles. This involves an extrusion tool 13 to give shape to the casing 2, whereby plastic for the casing is passed through an extruder 14. Finally, for the third layer, an extrusion-tool 5 is connected, to which the cover layer material is fed via an extruder 16. The multilayer profile 11 leaving the extruder is then passed to the calibration tools 17, whereby when these calibration tools pass, the final external dimensioning of the molding takes place and its cooling takes place.

10 The exit takes place via the discharge device 18. In addition, the profile can also be cooled from the inside, eg with water.

The various ingredients of the combination used in the invention can be homogenized together to produce extrudable mixtures and then extruded.

The purpose of the following Examples 1-19 is to clarify and illustrate the invention. In this case, Examples 1-5, 8 and 19 are to be considered as comparative examples or as examples outside the invention, while the other examples are intended to illustrate the invention. Examples are shown in the following tables. For the combination, the parts can be mixed in a dry powder form and softened, from which sheets with a thickness of about 4 mm and a width of about 500 mm are extruded, e.g. with a single-screw coil extruder. Mouth-pressing took place at cylinder temperatures rising from 160 to 190 ° C with a tool temperature of 195 ° C. Test pieces were prepared from these plates according to test standards. The ingredients of the compositions of the Examples are by weight, Examples 1-13 and 19 use suspension PVC having a K value of 64, and Examples 14-18 use suspension PVC having a K value of 57. Examples 10-19, the various modifiers used are identifiable by their abbreviation.

The properties have been measured with extruded sheets and then in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. The modulus of elasticity 35 is determined in accordance with DIN 53457, the notch impact strength Izod in accordance with ASTM D 256, the tensile strength in accordance with DIN 53455, the elongation at break in accordance with DIN 53455 and the dimensional stability A at 0 ° C in accordance with ISO R 75 in accordance with.

Example 1 comprises an unreinforced PVC mass without other fillers, as a comparative example. Examples 3-6 each comprise a reinforced pulp with 30 or 50 parts by weight of glass fibers without other fillers. From this it can be seen that the addition of glass fibers increases the modulus of elasticity, while the breaking strength already decreases somewhat. However, by adding small amounts of mineral filler, here calcium carbonate 10 according to Example 7, compared to Example 6 without mineral filler, both the modulus of elasticity and also other mechanical properties up to elongation can be considerably improved.

Example 19 shows the properties of impact-modified PVC-15 pulp with no fillers.

Examples 2, 5 and 9 show as a series of comparisons how, with unreinforced PVC continuously adding glass fibers for reinforcement, the characteristic image of the mechanical properties changes when the proportion of the mineral filler, here calcium carbonate, is unchanged. In particular, a comparison of Examples 7 and 9 shows that the increasing addition of mineral fillers to the glass fibers does not bring a substantial improvement in properties, rather the properties are almost in equilibrium in the ratios chosen according to the invention, i.e. with slightly decreasing modulus of elasticity and notch impact strength and still increasing breaking strength. there are no mineral fillers, see Example 6, good properties are achieved. A comparison of Examples 4 and 8 shows that too low glass fiber proportions do not yet achieve the desired high stiffening effect of shaped bodies based on reinforced PVC mass according to the invention.

Example 10 shows a combination containing an impact-hardening modifier to increase the notch-impact resistance, but this is particularly the case with

II

17,751 78 at the expense of mom modulus and tensile strength. This can then again be increased according to Example 11 with small additions of a mineral filler such as calcium carbonate. Examples 12 and 13 show the further addition of modifiers in higher proportions, which, however, despite the increase in notch impact strength, do not particularly have a curative effect on the mechanical properties, but a reducing effect. Examples 14-18 show the addition of smaller proportions of modifiers 10 to increase notch impact toughness with a constant addition of small amounts of calcium carbonate as the glass fiber proportion increases. From these examples, an improvement in the modulus of elasticity can be seen with increasing glass fiber fraction, while the notch impact strength and tensile strength are obtained in the desired range. The notched keys of these combinations also improve with the notched keys. Figure 8 shows the modulus of elasticity as a function of the glass fiber fraction and the mineral filler in the combination. Curves 1a and Ib show the elastic modulus according to Examples 1, 3 and 6 in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the plate 0 by part by weight of calcium carbonate, curves 2a, 2b by the modulus of elasticity by 15 parts by weight of calcium carbonate according to Examples 4, 8 and curves 3a, 3b 25 parts by weight of calcium carbonate according to Examples 2, 5 and 9.

Figure 9 shows the dependence of the breaking strength on the glass fiber fraction and the mineral filler proportion corresponding to Examples 1, 3, 6 in curves 1a, Ib, Examples 4, 8 in curves 2a, b and Examples 2, 5, 9 in curves 3a, 30b. the preferred small amounts of mineral filler in addition to the glass fibers, on the other hand, improve the processability of the pulp, however, the mechanical properties are negatively affected only in a small amount and the reinforcing properties obtained mainly due to the addition of glass fibers remain.

Surprisingly, the good processability of the combination according to the invention, which, despite the high proportion of glass fibers, results in a homogeneous product characterized by very good mechanical properties and low shrinkage (approaching zero).

The slight shrinkage here means that when the mass according to the invention is formed into profiles or tubes, the solidified stresses do not later release when the products are used even at higher temperatures, which can be proved e.g. in a heat storage test at 100 ° C.

li is 75178 i "! —r-1! i i

I I

(i O O. la LA - ¾¾ OOrrjO [ϋ δ 'ιΓ \ c l ^ 4- O'

LA IA 0 r- rA

* ooo.'go JO £? £ «~ £ £

fA O

^ ^ O r- V- ^ 0 ^ 1 ° 1 'o' o '^ OQ | A Ci ^ iaV ίΛ ΓΑ (ΤΝ

f: O cj hA LA rA 0 tN (N

! I J Γ 00 ^ ^ o o .0

Aj OKI, 1 O O 'r O O K'v vO rA ΗΛ la O-

¥ 00 OO ΙΛΙΟΙΛ ^^ ΙΑ NN

'Ο (Τ' fCs K \

LA 0 ^ 0 CO

OtAlll I O O A ο Ο 1Λ ΙΑ ιΛ is 'CO O' iA vO

g ^ f \ l iA ID ΙΛ ΙΛ (\ l 4 · A-C'-

OJ CA

21 »ill II II

Ö „5 ί 3 2 i § IS

^ S g 8 ί 5 ί -Hen WW

h ^ I u 8. a § 3 I 3 § o s 1 3 § * 3 & u s a u

SeSuli ^ e 'ou o * s g s 1 0 S 1 S I g * "g

§ § · § · § "§“ ώ .3 s z Iss I ^ »I

.5 p 3 3 a -¾ a «* 3 -3 Ills * g? i; 11s a.lsl = p m I f m s i 1818i-i ;; | fe ill li i IΪ ~ -------- 20 751 78; : i i a K ΗΛ IX \ o Ο ΟΙ Γ O s ^ ¥> R '° ° - 8 8 J S S "S &

K'N

O

r ~ n o o ro in ^ O ^ 1, 9, o 'o' ^ CU ο Ο (Τ '(Λ CO CM Λ1 CO ^ - o ^ OJ ^ O Kn (N K \ IN O 00 r * V *

UD if \ O O V

CO g KN, o £ ο Ο Γ- 'f' O g £ R £ CO VD <M £ £ 'rOi

• d- CO

^ ^ θ_ K \ CO

^ O ^ ioca o 'o' r- o Q Γ (JN CO CO (M (M vvO

O ^ ^ cO ΚΛ co co ω u “\ r-

KN ^ O O rc \ cO

^ o ^ 'iR1 ° O ^ V O O CO CO ^ φ CO CM (Λ cO

O cA eg <fl ^ ltncmcn (NCO

§ d- <. CCJ

S G G

(0 id

SC (0 TCI

«. fl + j nj. G G ^ ^ ^ 5 .s s 1 III! 11

-H S 5 ^ 3 G GG33 3P

avä ω · η 4J g 2m2S 2 «Γ ~« Cffi Ο -Η 'ξ V § VS' j 2 10 W Gns OCXOjI-o 2 3 3 3 to 2 § S i ^ g ^ "8 8, · $ o - h S ο -π · & w I 5 5 id «onaa a. a ·· ao, ° £ SS«; ^ II.as ^ fss I s, | „Λ -Η · Η · η E d (MO Id r (flies'5 ^ £ § · * 00 ^ 28501¾05¾¾¾.¾ & ““

ft ^. ^ -.- 13, ^ - 653000 / -1 ^ 333 § ij JC

g u ή> W .y -> 1 <u <u h g u -h -h $ 3 S S * ^ w cncoSflOnHMuu & i, 3 8. a § g Ish

II

i 75178 21

/'"OF

CN ^

Lf \ <a- w w w ^ wo ^ c \ i £ g ^ S · "° '"' '' Ä? ii κ 5 01 "&&;

~ in in L

£ - ° tA <* “

W W

w 0_ (A oO

S 4 Ο δ ^ o "1 ^ ^ O °! N CA K \ KN C \ j C \ J COCU

^ cn ^ VD 1Λ 00 φ CN

o

V

M

PM

° iA vA O N ~ \ Φ 10 ^ ä ^ SS ° ° "R I $ S Ä $ N“ £ £

fa

O

v ^ fA ^ ° ° t> "° m R R 1 0" 0'r'rlRR?> S £ £ w ™ & £ v ~ IN v- ΓΑ (X) a

S fA IA O O CA

- r? r ^ '-' • 'gg w ss

g IN

Έ-

V

5 c c cccccc (Tilt) (OiOitSnJ (flnl O <d <3 r: <0 (d (0 <0 <0 (0

H I ~. + J 4J (3 -P -P -P -P -P -P

, 1 g CiCCnJ C 3 C 3 3 3 ®. | 9 (¢ 33.¾ 333: 3 33 'r' 3 3 3 3333 39 (0O 7 tn in K in in in win

• H iH ä -Η · 10 r * -H ffl Ή til -H W

ω v φ, ¾ 3 »λ: 3 λ: 3 Λί3 d ^ ap« λ: 3 ε * 3 * 3 ^ 3

Soft £ · Η -ρ> -Η -Ρ · Η -Ρ -Η -Ρ • Η * ίθ C Ο · Η ^ Ο -Η ο Ή {5 Ο · Η? Ν fi Q, 3 J ft Οι di di Λ CU <{j Dj & ι £ “3” § 3 m -ΐη n ϋ ~ 8 g S 3 1 1¾ H oi 0 co ό ® ® ° &> £ -1 ·>, ^

c g f s „? § s e a sΞ rt 15 S S 2 * SI

§ i -3 | Ä 3 J2 s s 1¾ s -S I | g S: sr ® * ie E 3 ω p 3 rolSjgroggggingL fo1 β ft) OQ 'H ^ ό +} ^ lOQO ^ MM3U§ g ö 3 5 1 n "£ £ il ^ i ^ VSS- ^ Og g« M idasjga JI a -¾ i 1 ia 22 7 5 1 78>

W

w (Λ ΙΛ o OKNlAl | I OO ^ OO IA o (\ j ΙΛ OJ ΙΛ .Η- iA ^ 3- OO (J \ ^ m fA ίΛ ΙΛ 0-0- ^ 0-00 v-

C \ J OJ

s— \ tN ^ ITS «J *;> w w ^ o 00 [Ο« Ό? ° i? R ° '' K £ 8 $ ^ ™ $ £

LA

£ ^ ° iA <· M £ ^ W KN O LA KN D- ϊ Γ? Ί '' °, ": Ίϊ KKSi“ “ss £ K ~ p IA« J * ^ M £

CM o 4- VD

- g ^ OOLAo. ^^ Agg £ g g g '* M <M £ £

CM

^ -

3 C

^ (0 c t ~ 1 <8 <8 _ d "" i i i i §§ * i aiiI 1111 ||

* h o) ^ g 333¾ rN

• hS («Q -h in 3353 35 WVO. 3 £ 9 $“] «win • H * aa to * 3 g Λ <3ν§ 3 3

s i f $ / 5 3¾. I 3 ί I «^ I

pa I 5 ps aa Aasa ai £ l 3 G Tn -H <0: nj N r'j 8 is ti i Tj "e H ', • SSa) ^ ° (U ^ +1 Ί“ i <§ ° 8 1 1 ".§ S k 3 l 2 g 3 §§ I * s, § G £ ww (8 a: cn + j | h .. w {15m -tö C e * I 1 1 3 1 -g 3 g 1 3 υ 3 IB! F Is

m P9-d '^' ^ tj ^ o0gn '^ iw’3 S fC

>? § 5 i I I o s.i än s πίδυΙ. Aasa i ll

II

23 751 78 The moldings according to the present invention having substantially better properties compared to the known plastic profiles used in the manufacture of window and door frames were tested by making the profiles by co-extrusion as shown in Figure 6, but without the cover layer 3. In this case an inner profile made of PVC fiber reinforced was used. 14 according to the manufacturing formula, wherein the wall thickness of the inner profile was 3 mm. In addition, a coil formed from the hard PVC charge of Example 10 19 having an average thickness of 0.5 mm was extruded. In addition, the profile of Figure 6 was extruded from the hard PVC batch of Example 19 alone.

The essential properties of the profiles were measured and summarized in Table A. In this case, the excellent properties of the profile according to the invention with a fiberglass-reinforced PVC inner profile and a hard PVC sheath, e.g. compared to a pure hard PVC profile, are very noticeable. The modulus of elasticity relevant to the bending and torsional stiffness 20 of the profiles achieves more than three times the value of the profile structure according to the invention compared to a pure hard PVC profile. In this way, the form strips according to the invention can be used to produce more rigid window and butter frames, which can withstand higher loads and do not require additional metal reinforcements. This good behavior is also evident when comparing tensile strengths and also in the bending test. The bending test was performed at a span of 100 cm, requiring more than twice as much force for the profiles according to the invention. Only the impact toughness of the profiles according to the invention is reduced due to the brittle fiberglass-reinforced PVC inner profile compared to pure thermoplastics.

Particularly preferred are the low shrinkage values of the profile according to the invention, which indicate a high stability and which also prove to be particularly advantageous for one-sided heating of the profiles when installed in window and door frames in one-sided sunlight. Due to the low shrinkage of the profiles according to the invention and their high modulus of elasticity, the concave bending of the frames or frame profiles to a minimum value is also reduced in unilateral heating, which does not adversely affect the functionality of the frames.

However, it is also surprising when the profiles according to the invention are welded under the same conditions as the welding strengths achieved with normal hard PVC profiles, i.e. the so-called angle, the strength values. These are virtually unchanged in size.

Il 25 751 78

Table A

Properties Dimension The profile of Example 19 with the profile of Example 14 according to the formula and the sheath according to the formula _____ _ of Example 19.

Tensile strength N / irm ^ 47 75

Elongation at break% _ _ 35_5__

KinrnoTDduuli 23 ° C N / irm ^ 2800 9000 o 10 Ball drop test KJ / m did not break did not break

1 m K, 1 Kp, 23 ° C (according to RAL) 0 ° C

Shrinkage 1 h at 100 ° C in air% 1.7 0.12 15 —--

Force 3.3 in suction bending N 175 440 In the span 100 cm «i.l · .—, - ... - .1. - .1 ----- ------- -

Angular strength 20 welded N 7200 7200

Deflection after temperature change load mm / m -3.0 -0.1 _______— 2 5 Impact strength 23 ° C KJ / rn ^ did not break 26 -20 ° C "" 30 r __________________

Claims (16)

26 7 5 1 78 A molding comprising an inner profile made of reinforced plastic and a plastic sheath surrounding this inner profile, characterized in that the weldable inner profile is extruded from a homogeneous, glass-fiber-reinforced PVC combination containing 100 parts by weight, known per se. per polyvinyl chloride with a K-value of 55-75, 40-100 parts by weight of 10 glass fibers with a diameter of 5-25 μm and a length of up to 12 mm and 0-25 parts by weight of a mineral filler with an average particle diameter of less than 50 μm and is connected to a sheath made of PVC-compatible plastic with an impact resistance greater than the inner profile-15a. Mold strip according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inner profile additionally contains up to 30 parts by weight of modifier. Mold strip according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner profile additionally contains 2.5 to 5.5 parts by weight of lubricant. Molding according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner profile contains 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride having a K value of 55 to 75, 40 to 80 parts by weight of glass fibers with a diameter of 5 to 25. am and a length of 0.5-12 mm, 1-15 parts by weight of a powdered mineral filler with an average particle diameter of less than 50 μm, 2.5-5.0 parts by weight of lubricant and up to 30 parts by weight of modifier. Mold according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that its modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction is at least 8000 N / mm at 23 ° C. Mold strip according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wall thickness of the inner profile is 1.0 to 10 mm, preferably 2.0 to 4.0 mm. Molding according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wall thickness of the sheath is 0.2 to 4 mm, preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mm. Il 2? 75178 Mold according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sheath is formed from PVC, polyvinylidene chloride, post-chlorinated PVC, chlorinated monomer and copolymers obtained from at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith, such as homo- or co- or inoculum polymers with, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate, acrylate, vinyl acetate, chlorinated polyethylene, butadiene or polyolefins or mixtures thereof, and contains additives such as stabilizers, lubricants, pigments, UV absorbers, modifiers and processing aids. Mold according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the jacket is formed from acrylate or acrylic-butadiene-styrene or MBS 15 or polyester or PVF or PVDF or a mixture thereof. Molding according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sheath is partially assembled from two different materials. Mold strip according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the jacket is formed in such a way as to contain profilings of the mold strip, such as grooves, projections, steps, side bulges or the like. Mold strip according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the jacket is at least partially multilayered from various materials. Mold strip according to Claim 12, characterized in that the jacket is designed to partially cover a cover layer made of weather-resistant plastic, in particular acrylate-based plastic with a thickness of 0.1 to 1.2 mm. Mold strip according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the inner profile is treated to be heat-resistant and the sheath is treated to be heat- and light-resistant. Mold strip according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is produced by universal extrusion 28 751 78 and is externally calibrated, the residual shrinkage of which is less than 0.5%. Mold according to Claim 8, characterized in that the jacket contains, in addition to the plastic, up to 5% by weight of a modifying agent, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, chlorinated polyethylene or methacrylic butadiene styrene. Il 29 7 5 1 78