FI73228B - FORMULATING A FRAME STABILIZED POLYMER DISPERSION. - Google Patents

Abstract

A monomer charge having a defined slight solubility in water, but giving rise to a polymer which is water-insoluble, is emulsified in water in the presence of a non-ionic surface-active compound which comprises in the molecule (a) a component of molecular weight at least 400 which is per se soluble in the aqueous phase, (b) another component of molecular weight 150-1000 which is per se soluble in the monomer phase and (c) an unsaturated grouping capable of copolymerising with the monomer(s) and being attached to or integral with the monomer-soluble component, and the emulsified monomer is then polymerised in the presence of a non-ionisable free radical azo initiator which is soluble in water and substantially insoluble in the monomer(s). The product is a wholly sterically stabilised aqueous polymer dispersion useful for the formulation of water-borne coating compositions.

Description

1 73228

A process for preparing a sterically stabilized aqueous polymer dispersion.

This invention relates to the preparation of aqueous dispersions of polymers derived from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and more particularly to a process for the preparation of these dispersions which avoids the use of ionizable substances as polymerization initiators or emulsifiers as disintegrants or stabilizers for monomer a dispersion is obtained in which the stabilization of the dispersed phase is completely steric in nature.

Water-emulsion polymerization of so-called ethylenically unsaturated monomers is a well-known method. Its name is somewhat misleading because although the monomer mass to be polymerized is initially emulsified as droplets in the aqueous medium used, the actual polymerization does not initially occur in these droplets, but in the aqueous medium in which a substantial portion of the monomer remains dissolved during the process. Therefore, the method 20 is not applicable to monomers with very low solubility in water. For this reason, the process currently requires, first, a surfactant dissolved in an aqueous medium to stabilize the emulsified monomer droplets, thereby actually forming a container from which the monomer dissolved in the aqueous medium is replaced as the polymerization proceeds; secondly, there is a need for a free radical type polymerization agent which dissolves in an aqueous medium to polymerize a dissolved polymer from an emulsified material. The use of ionizable compounds for both of these purposes has become common. In this case, anionic substances such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and alkali metal or ammonium salts of sulfonated fatty acids are used as surfactants, and water-soluble percompounds such as ammonium persulfate 7 or ammonium persulfate are used as polymerization initiators. In the resulting dispersions, the polymer particles of the dispersed phase are stabilized against the formation of coarse flocs or agglomerates by the electrically charged particles on their surface formed from these ionizable surfactants and / or initiators. However, this stability of the dispersed phase is relatively easily disturbed due to the external effects to which the dispersion may be exposed, in particular by shear forces, addition of polyvalent ions, freeze-thaw events or changes in pH.

GB Patent 1,196,247 already discloses the preparation of aqueous dispersions of synthetic polymers in which the polymer particles are stabilized against the formation of agglomerations by a different steric mechanism, namely using an amphipathic polymer stabilizer in the dispersion capable of forming a protective barrier layer around each polymer . This procedure avoids the use of charged particles derived from conventional ionic surfactants on the polymer moieties, but the above publication makes no mention of the advantage of avoiding the use of ionic initiators and in fact suggests the use of materials such as ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate.

Previously, GB patent 1,544,335 also discloses a process for polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in water in the presence of a catalyst and also in the presence of a segment copolymer dispersion stabilizing agent containing at least two polymer segments, one hydrophobic and the other hydrophobic. form a stabilizing barrier layer around the polymer particles. This again avoids the addition of charged particles when using a conventional surfactant, but the brochure does not mention the advantage of using non-ionic initiators and the initiators mentioned as suitable for 3,73228 include numerous ionic substances.

GB Patent 2,120,261 describes a process for preparing fully uncharged, stable aqueous dispersions of synthetic addition polymers which combines the aforementioned steric method of polymer stabilization with the use of non-ionic free radical polymerization initiators, characterized in that they are soluble in the aqueous phase but not substantially soluble in the monomer phase. More specifically, in said process, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a solubility in water in the range of 0.08 to 8% by weight, but forming a water-insoluble polymer, is emulsified in water and polymerized in this state using (a) a non-ionizable free radical generating agent. , an organic at-polymerization initiator that is soluble in water and substantially insoluble in the monomer or monomers, and (b) an amphipathic steric stabilizer for the polymer moieties prepared from a block or graft copolymer containing a first type of polymeric component in the molecule. at least 700 and solvated in the aqueous phase and another type of polymer component having a molecular weight of at least 700 and which is insoluble in the aqueous phase and is capable of associating with said polymer moieties.

In addition, it is indicated in said patent publication that in many cases it is advantageous to add a nonionic surfactant to the polymerization mixture, which facilitates the emulsification of the monomer in water.

They also mention the possibility that the stabilizing agent of the block or graft copolymer may be formed during in situ polymerization from a precursor compound which contains a polymer chain in its molecule which is self-dissolving in the aqueous phase and which also contains an unsaturated group capable of copolymerizing the polymer. with.

73228

It has now been found that the functions of a nonionic surfactant and a copolymerizable precursor compound can be combined in one substance.

Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a polymerization process in which (i) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a solubility in water in the range of 0.08 to 8% by weight, but forming a water-insoluble polymer, is emulsified in water using a nonionic a surfactant containing in its molecule (a) 10 compounds having a molecular weight of at least 400 and which is itself soluble in the aqueous phase, (b) another ingredient having a molecular weight in the range of 150 to 1,000 and which is itself soluble in the monomer phase, and (c) an unsaturated group capable of copolymerizing with the monomer or monomers 15, said group being attached to or forming part of the soluble component of said monomer, and (ii) the emulsified monomer is then subjected to polymerization using an additional non-ionizable free radical-type organic azopolymerization initiator , which is soluble in water and is substantially insoluble in the monomer or monomers.

The ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be polymerized by the process of the invention include, for example, acrylic monomers such as methyl-25 methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methoxypropyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxy-sipropyylimetakrylaatti, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, n-butoksimetyylimet-30 acrylate , glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, styrene, vinyl toluene, methoxystyrene and vinyl lipyridine, and halogenated vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. All of these monomers 35 have the required minimum solubility in water. If desired, they can be used in combination with a small proportion of one or more monomers with negligible solubility in water, for example 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or stearyl methacrylate, which does not itself polymerize in an aqueous emulsion process.

The monomers to be polymerized may also include monomers that are polyfunctional in the polymerization reaction, wherein the particles in the formed aqueous dispersion are formed from a crosslinked polymer. Suitable polyfunctional monomers include, for example, allyl 10 methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, hexane diol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and divinylbenzene.

The first step in the process of the invention is to emulsify the monomer or monomers to be polymerized into the aqueous phase of the polymerization mixture containing at least water and the surfactant shown. The role of the surfactant at this stage is to facilitate the formation and maintenance of a sufficiently fine distribution of the monomer emulsion, but as will be discussed in more detail below, it also serves as a precursor to the formation of a steric stabilizing agent to stabilize the resulting polymer in aqueous dispersion. If desired, emulsification of the monomer can be accelerated by subjecting the polymerization mixture to a strong shear or ultrasonic treatment, but usually a normal mixing effect in the presence of a surfactant is sufficient.

As discussed above, the surfactant molecule has three structural features.

First, it includes an ingredient having a molecular weight of at least 400, preferably at least 1,000, which is itself soluble in the aqueous phase of the polymerization mixture; that is, this component, if not attached to the remainder of the precursor molecule, would in fact dissolve in the aqueous phase. Suitable such ingredients include, but are not limited to, those derived from polyethylene glycol or their monomethyl ethers having a molecular weight in the range of 73228 in the range of 2,000 to 4,000, but those derived from polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide copolymers containing at least 40% ethylene may also be used. oxide and their monomethyl ethers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol and poly (bis-hydroxyethyl) methacrylamide.

Second, the surfactant compound contains an ingredient having a molecular weight in the range of 150 to 1,000 and which is soluble in the monomer phase of the polymer blend; thus, when the first component is hydrophilic in nature, this second component is hydrophobic in nature. Suitable such components include chains obtained by self-condensation or condensation of propylene oxide, butylene oxide or styrene oxide, or hydrocarbon chains derived from higher fatty acids or fatty alcohols. These first and second components together form the surfactant properties required for the compound to emulsify the monomer or monomers. Preferably, the first hydrophilic component and the second hydrophobic component are used in a weight ratio ranging from 20: 1 to 1: 1. The third component of the surfactant that is integrally linked to the second, i.e., hydrophobic, component is an unsaturated group capable of copolymerizing with the monomer or monomers to be polymerized. Preferably, the unsaturated group is attached to or integral with the portion of the hydrophobic or monomer phase soluble component that is furthest from the hydrophilic or aqueous phase soluble component. If the hydrophobic component is a polymer chain containing a hydroxyl group, for example a polyoxybutylene chain terminating in such a group, the unsaturated group may suitably be an ester of the component in question with a copolymerizable unsaturated acid such as methacrylic acid, itaconic acid or maleic acid. Such an ester can be prepared by carrying out an ester exchange reaction between a lower alkyl ester of an acid, for example methyl methacrylate, and a compound forming the remainder of the precursor molecule, for example a polyoxyethylene / polyoxybutylene copolymer. Such an ester can also be obtained by reacting the copolymer with a suitable unsaturated acid chloride, for example methacryl chloride, in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor.

An example of a suitable surfactant for use in the process of the invention is an unsaturated block copolymer of the formula ch3 ch30 (c2h40) x (C4HgO) y CO.c = CH2, wherein x and y correspond to 2,000 and 700 polyoxyethylene and polyoxy. the corresponding molecular weight values of the sibutylene segments. This material is readily condensed with methanol in ethylene oxide and then butylene oxide in appropriate proportions and then reacted with methacrylyl chloride or esterified with the product and methyl methacrylate in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetraisopropyl titanate.

Alternatively, a suitable surfactant can be obtained by sequential condensation of, for example, butylene oxide and ethylene oxide with a hydroxyl compound which already contains the necessary copolymerizable unsaturated group. For example, allyl alcohol can be sequentially condensed with butylene oxide and ethylene oxide of formula

CH2 = CH.CH2.0 (C4HgO) y (C2H40) x H

to obtain a block copolymer according to claim 1, wherein x and y 35 are the same numbers as above. As another example, the triallyl ester of penta-erythritol can be condensed sequentially with 8,73228 2 molar parts of butylene oxide and 35 molar parts of ethylene oxide.

Alternatively, the hydrophobic component of the surfactant may be provided with a hydrocarbon chain, which may also include an unsaturated group. An example of such a chain is undecylenic acid and this can be converted to the required surfactant precursor by direct condensation with ethylene oxide, for example in a molar ratio of 1:35.

The amount of surfactant used in the process depends to some extent on the particular monomer or monomers to be emulsified and the desired fineness of the emulsion, as well as the potency of the particular compound used. However, the optimum proportion can be easily determined in each case by a simple experiment. Typical proportions are in the range from 1 to 20%, in particular from 5 to 10% by weight of the monomer used.

Thus, the polymerization of the emulsified monomer or monomers requires the presence in the reaction mixture of an organic azo compound 20 which, when heated, can decompose to form free radicals, has no ionizable or charged groups and cannot form ionized or charged particles during and preferably during the polymerization reaction. 25 is not completely insoluble in the monomer or monomers which polymerize in the absence of water, it is contained mainly in the aqueous phase of the polymerization mixture. Preferred initiators are those having a partition ratio between water and pure styrene of at least 12 and most preferably at least 20.

The category of organic azo compounds which contain water-soluble groups in the molecule and which are suitable for use in the process includes the following: (i) Compounds having the above distribution ratio and having the general formula 7 3228

r CN Ri T

I f1 == N - C CH2CH2CO.X.CH2CH.OR (I) R2 - 2 5 where. R 1 and R 2 independently represent hydrogen or a methyl group, R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is oxygen or an NR 4 group in which R 3 is hydrogen or a group 10?

The compounds in question are thus esters or substituted amides of azobiscarboxylic acid.

Examples of suitable initiators in this class include the formula Γ CH CH OH * 1 20 f /

= = N - C - CH CH CO.N

4,41-azobis (cyanopentanoic acid) bis (diethanolamide) according to I 2 2 \ CH3 \ L CH CH OH J 2 25 with a partition ratio between water and styrene of 463 and the formula CH_ 30 J 3 η Γ /Ch2ch.oh

=} = N - C - CH_CH_CO.N

I 2 2 \

CH_ ^ CH.CH.OH

3 21 2

35 CH3 J

The corresponding bis (diisopropanolamide) according to 10,73228, which has a partition ratio between water and styrene. 23.

The corresponding bis (ethanolamide) is not suitable for use in the process because it has a partition ratio of about 10.

The above compounds can be prepared by reacting a suitable azobiscarboxylic acid halide with a suitable hydroxy or amino compound in a known manner in the presence of a hydrogen halide acceptor.

(ii) Yh-10 compounds having the above distribution ratio, which are of the general formula * 4 = = N - C - COOR.

, R 5 is J 2 (II) 15, wherein R 4 is a methyl group, R 8 is a methyl or ethyl group, or R 4 and R 6 together with the carbon atom between them form a cyclohexyl group, and R 8 is a residue of a monohydroxy compound.

Examples of suitable initiators in this class are 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropanoic acid) bis-esters with octanol and 2-ethoxyethanol.

These esters can be prepared by the Pinner reaction in which, for example, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) is reacted under anhydrous conditions with an excess of the appropriate hydroxy compound in the presence of hydrogen chloride to form the imino ether; this intermediate is then hydrolyzed to give the corresponding carboxylic ester. In preparing these compounds, it may be advantageous to use a variant of the Pinner reaction disclosed in GB Patent 2,111,979 A. In this variant, the hydroxide compound is required to be used only in stoichiometric proportions in the presence of a compound containing 35 ether groups.

11 73228 (iii) Compounds having the above distribution ratio and having the general formula

Γ CH_ JtT - R „- OH

i 3 ^ 7 5 =: N - C - c '(III) «3 \ - R8 - ° H 2

X

wherein Ry and Rg are linear or branched alkylene radicals having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and X is hydrogen or a group Rg-OH.

These compounds are described in DE-A-2 841 033 and European Patent Application 0 009 186 A1 and can be obtained by reacting an imino-ether derived from azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) by the Pinner reaction with a mono- or dialkanolamine and if desired (if monoalkalamine is used) then reacting the product with alkylene oxide.

(iv) Compounds of the general formula having the above distribution ratio and having the general formula

Γ CIS

i 3 s s N - C - COO Rg (OH) (IV) CH2

25 L 3 J

wherein Rg is the residue of the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound Rg (OH) n + 1 after removal of one hydroxyl group therefrom and n is 2 or 4. Examples of suitable initiators in this class include 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropanoic acid) bis- (1 , 2-dihydroxypropyl) ester and bis (5,6-dihydroxyhexyl) ester of the same acid.

These esters can be prepared by the process of GB Patent 2,120,238 A, which involves the reaction of 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) with a stoichiometric amount of the formula 12,73228 ~ -1 °. / «Ίο HO - R9 (IVa)

An acetal or an ali derivative according to Rn n 5 L 11 J 2, wherein and n have the same meaning as above, is hydrogen or alkyl.

or an aryl group and R 1 is an alkyl or aryl group or R 10

10 and R 1 together with the intervening carbon atom form a cycloalkyl group in the presence of hydrogen chloride gas under anhydrous conditions, followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate iminoether hydrochloride and an acetal or ketal group or groups.

15 (v) Compounds having the above partition ratio having the general formula CN R Ί I I1 = = N - C.CH-CH CO.X. (C „H 0) CH„ CH. 0R (V) I 2 2 2 4 p 2 20 LKJ * wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are as defined above in formula (I), X is oxygen or a group -NH- and p is an integer from 10 to 100, preferably from 20 -50.

The compounds in question are thus either esters of azobicarboxylic acid or substituted amides and contain polyoxyethylene groups and in some cases also hydroxyl groups. Examples of a suitable initiator in this class are 4,4'-azobis (cyanopentanoic acid) bis-amide and OC-amino-6) -hydroxy-poly (oxyethylene) having a molecular weight of 1,600 and the formula

CN

= = N - C - CH CH CO.NH (C H O) CH CH.OH | Z2 24 33 22 35 CH, L 3 2 13 73228 The preparation of this compound from an aminohydroxy compound and the corresponding acid chloride or similar compounds is disclosed in GB Patent 2,115,810.

(vi) Compounds having the above partition ratio of the general formula? 4 = = N - C - COO (CH 0) - R, (VI), z 4 qo - R 5 - 2 10 where R, R_ and R, have the same meaning as in formula (II) above and q is an integer from 10 to 100, preferably from 20 to 50.

An example of a suitable initiator in this class is the bis-ester of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether having a molecular weight of 2,000 and the formula CH3 = = N - C - C00 (C2 H40) 45 CH320 [_ ch3 _ 2 2,2'-azobis (2 -methylpropanoic acid) bis ester.

The preparation of this compound from stoichiometric portions via 2,2'-azobis (2-propionitrile) and polyethylene glycol 25 bis-iminoether corresponding to Koli monomethyl ether is disclosed in GB Patent 2,111,979 Δ.

(vii) Compounds having the above distribution ratio having the general formula 30 CH 3

= = N - C - CO.O (C2 H4 O) r - Rg (OH) n (VII

- iH3-235 14 73228 wherein Rg and n have the same meaning as in formula (IV) above and r is an integer from 10 to 100, preferably from 20 to 50.

Examples of suitable initiators in this class include 2,21-azobis (2-methylpropanoic acid) esters with 1- (polyethyleneoxy) glycerol containing 30 ethyleneoxy units and with a condensate obtained from 1 mole of D-glycofuranose with 24 moles of ethylene oxide. . The preparation of these compounds is disclosed in 10 GB Patent 2,120,238 A.

If desired, the azoinitiator may be added to the polymerization mixture when the emulsification of the monomer or monomers is complete, but it has generally been found more convenient to add it together with the surfactant at the beginning of the process.

The proportion of water-soluble azo initiator to be added can vary considerably depending on the particular monomers to be polymerized and the rate at which the polymerization is desired to proceed, and the optimum amount can be easily determined by 20 simple experiments. Usually, however, the initiator is used in an amount ranging from 0.1 mol% to 3.0 mol% based on the amount of monomer.

As mentioned above, the steric stabilization of the polymer particles obtained in the polymerization is achieved by an amphipathic copolymer formed in situ during the process. The precursor of this stabilizing agent is a surfactant which initially acts as an emulsifier of the monomer, its function in this latter step depending on the presence of an unsaturated group in its molecule. This group allows it to be copolymerized with a portion of the monomer or monomers to be polymerized, thereby forming an additional polymer component that is itself insoluble in the aqueous phase of the polymerization mixture and thus associated with the polymer of the dispersed phase. The actual stabilizing moieties are the hydrophilic chains in the copolymer derived from a surfactant precursor dissolved in the aqueous phase and as a result form an extended structure on the chain, forming an etheric barrier layer around the polymer moieties.

During the polymerization process, a chain transfer agent which, like the initiator, is soluble in the aqueous phase can also be used. An example of a suitable substance is thioglycolic acid. The chain transfer agent may be used in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight of the monomer. The function of the chain transfer agent 10 is to control the molecular weight of the dispersed polymer and, overall, to reduce the proportion of finer particles in the dispersed phase, which increases the average particle size.

When applying the process according to the invention, it is possible to add all the monomer or monomers to be polymerized to the aqueous medium at once; this may conveniently be referred to as the "one-off" procedure. As already mentioned, this monomer emulsifies and forms a container from which the monomer is gradually removed as the polymerization progresses until it is completely converted to a dispersed polymer. An alternative and preferred procedure is to initially add only a portion of the monomer to the aqueous medium and emulsify and polymerize to form a dispersion of fine "seed" polymer particles, followed by the gradual addition of the remainder of the monomer to increase the particles. This can be called the "insemination and feeding" procedure; its main advantage is that it allows better particle size control in the polymer dispersion.

A wide range of temperatures can be used in the process, depending on the particular monomer or monomers being polymerized, the particular initiator used, and the desired polymerization rate; in addition, it is important that the temperature used is not so high that the soluble component of the stabilizing agent ceases to dissolve effectively in the 16,73228 aqueous phase. In general, however, the polymerization temperature is in the range of 50 to 100 ° C, preferably 50 to 80 ° C.

In general, the polymerization operation is carried out following the operating procedures and using the equipment (e.g., the structure of the reaction vessel and stirrer) commonly used in emulsion polymerization and well known to those skilled in the art.

The aqueous polymer dispersions obtained by the process according to the invention are useful e.g. in the preparation of water-based coating compositions whose excellent properties are due to the completely steric dispersion stabilization method.

The invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples in which the percentages are by weight. The polymer latices obtained were subjected to particle size and distribution analysis using a "Nanosizer" (registered trademark) device sold in England by Coulter Electronics Limited. The results of this assay are reported using two numbers, for example 3: 361; the first number 20 is a measure of the degree of polydispersity of the latex particles on an arbitrary scale from zero (0 = monodis-pers) to 10 and the second number is the average particle size in nanometers.

Example 1 In this example, the structure of the surfactant, which also serves as a precursor formed in situ for the polymer stabilizer, was as follows: ch3 CH3 (C2H40) x (C4H60) yCO0.C = CH2 where x and the value of y corresponds to a molecular weight of about 700 in the polybutylene oxide chain.

35 The above surfactant precursor (4.5 g) was dissolved in deionized water (300 g) in a 2 liter 17,73228 "culture vessel" (this is a reaction vessel with a flat bottom and vertical sides) equipped with a nitrogen feed. with condenser, anchor-type stirrer with reversing plate, and separate feeds for mono-5 mer and initiator. To the aqueous solution were added methyl methacrylate (13 g) and butyl acrylate (10 g) together with 4,4 * -azobis (cyanopentanoic acid) bis (diethanolamide) as an initiator (1.0 g). The mixture was heated with stirring under nitrogen at about 80 ° C for 1.5 hours to obtain a "seed" -10 polymer latex, which resulted in a "Nanosizer" study of 4:63. Continuing with stirring and heating at 80 ° C, a first monomer feed containing methyl methacrylate (65 g), butyl acrylate (50 g) and surfactant precursor (8.4 g) was added over 3} hours while adding more initiator ( 8.0 g) dissolved in deionized water. The solids obtained after this period had a solids content of 18.9% and the "Nanosizer" study gave a result of 5: 117. The latex was kept at room temperature for about 50 hours, then reheated to 80 ° C with stirring and a second monomer feed containing methyl methacrylate (26 g), butyl acrylate (20 g) and surfactant precursor (1.8 g) was added over 2 hours. ) and initiator (3.0 g) dissolved in deionized water. The "Nanosizer" lu-25 of the latex was 6: 139. Finally, under the same conditions as above, a third monomer feed containing methyl methacrylate (60 g), butyl acrylate (45 g) and surfactant precursor (8.4 g) together with the initiator (3.0 g) dissolved in deionized water was added. The copo-30 polymer latex thus obtained was filtered through a nylon mesh; its solids content was 36% and the "Nanosizer" assay gave a result of 4: 142.

Example 2 In this example, the surfactant precursor was the reaction product of al-35 allyl alcohol (1 mole) with sequential styrene oxide (1 mole), butylene oxide (1 mole) and ethylene oxide (35 moles), respectively.

A mixture of deionized water (100 g), the above surfactant precursor (2 g), vinyl acetate (20 g) and 4,41-azobis (cyanopentanoic acid) bis (diethanolamide) (0.5 g) was mixed. (magnetic stirrer) and heated in a 250 ml round bottom flask under nitrogen at 80 ° C for six hours. At the end of this time, the conversion of monomer to polymer was 91% 10 and "Nanosizer" analysis of the resulting latex gave a value of 4: 229. Precipitation of the dispersed phase occurred while standing slightly.

Example 3 The surfactant precursor of this example was the reaction product of Penta-15 erythritol triallyl ether (1 mole) with butylene oxide (2 moles) and ethylene oxide (35 moles), respectively.

The apparatus and procedure used were the same as in Example 1. The details of the reaction mixtures in the "seed" -20 and "feed" steps were as follows: "Seed step"

Deionized water 200 g

4.48 g of surfactant precursor

Methyl methacrylate 9.6 g Butyl acrylate 8.3 g

Initiator in deionized water 5 g

Polymerization temperature 70 ° C

Polymerization time 1 hour "Nanosizer" determination of the "seed" latex 1: 103 30 First "feed" step

Methyl methacrylate 69.8 g

Butyl acrylate 60.8 g

Hydroxyisopropyl methacrylate 16.8 g

14.7 g of surfactant precursor

35 Polymerization temperature 70 ° C

Polymerization time 3 hours 19 73228 "'During both this first feed step and the second feed step shown below, aliquots of a solution of the initiator (4.4 g) in deionized water (20 g) were added. Throughout the example, the initiator used was 5,4'-azobis (cyanopentanoic acid). ) bis (diethanolamide).

The "Nanosizer" assay at the end of the first feeding step gave a result of 1: 162.

The second "input" stage

Methyl methacrylate 17.2 g 10 Butyl acrylate 14.2 g

3.6 g of hydroxyisopropyl methacrylate

Surfactant precursor 1 * 75 g

Polymerization temperature 70 ° C

Polymerization time 3/4 hours The total conversion of monomer to polymer was 99.8%.

After about 16 g of coagulated material was removed, the "Nanosizer" of the latex finally obtained was 1: 192.

Example 4 The precursor of the surfactant 20 used in this example was similar to Example 3, except that the molar amounts of butylene oxide and ethylene oxide were 4 and 46, respectively.

The procedure and amounts of material were otherwise the same as in Example 3. The overall change from monomer to polymer was 97%; about 15 g of coagulated material was removed from the finally obtained latex. The results of the "Nanosizer" assay were as follows: after the "seed" step 5:82 after the first "feed" step 2:109 30 final step 3: 159

Claims (4)

73228 1. A process for preparing a sterically stabilized aqueous polymer dispersion, characterized in that (i) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a solubility in water in the range of 0.08 to 8% by weight, but forming a polymer which is insoluble in water , emulsified in water with a nonionic surfactant. in the presence of a molecule comprising (a) an ingredient having a molecular weight of at least 400 and which is itself soluble in the aqueous phase, (b) another ingredient having a molecular weight in the range of 150 to 1000 and self-dissolving in the monomer phase, and (c) an unsaturated group capable of copolymerizing. with the monomer or monomers, wherein said group is attached to or forms part of a soluble component of said monomer, and (ii) the emulsified monomer is then further polymerized using a non-ionizable free radical type azopolymerization initiator which is soluble in water and substantially -20 insoluble in monomer or monomers. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the component which is soluble in the aqueous phase of the surfactant is derived from polyethylene glycol or its monomethyl ether with a molecular weight in the range from 2,000 to 4,000. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that in the surfactant compound, the weight ratio of the component soluble in the aqueous phase to the component soluble in the monomer phase is in the range of 20: 1 to 1: 1. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surfactant is a block copolymer of the formula CH 3 CH 3 (C 2 H 4 O) x (C 4 H 9 O) x (C 4 H 9 O) y CO = C 2 CH 2 73228 21, in which x and y are numbers corresponding to molecular weights of polyoxyethylene and polyoxybutylene units 2000 and 700. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surfactant is a block copolymer of the formula CH 2 = CH.CH 2 O (C 4 H 9 O) y (C 2 H 4 O) x H, wherein x and y are numbers corresponding to the molecular weights of the polyoxyethylene and polyoxybutylene units 2000 and 700. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surfactant is a product obtained by successive condensation of 1 mol. Triallyl ether of pentaerythritol with 2 moles of butylene oxide and 35 moles of ethylene oxide. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the surfactant is present in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight of the monomer added. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the partitioning ratio of the azopolymerization initiator between water and pure styrene is at least 12. Process according to Claim 8, characterized in that the initiator is 4,4'-azobis. (cyano-pentanoic acid) bis (diethanolamide). Process according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the azo initiator is used in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0 mol%, based on the amount of monomer. 30 22 Patentkrav 732 2 8 A process for the preparation of a sterile water-stable polymer dispersion, which comprises a monomer having the same ethylene content of 5 monomers, preferably with a water content of 0.08-8% by weight a polymer having a wattage, an emulsifier and a wattage of a nickel ionic active moiety, a wattage of a molecular weight (s) of a component having a molecular weight of less than 400 and a wickage of a wickage of 10 wattage , (b) and the other component having a molecular weight of 150-1000 and preferably having a single monomer, and (c) having a group having a monomer or monomer, the colors of said group and (ii) the emulsified monomer is used to prepare the polymerization and other nerve compounds of the organic azopolymerization initiator in the form of an ion-free or polycrystalline oligostr monomer or monomer. 20 2. A compound according to claim 1, which comprises a compound having a polyethylene glycol or a monomethyl derivative having a molecular weight of 2,000 to 4,000. 25 3. A preferred composition according to claims 1 or 2, which is further incorporated into a further active component and a monomeric component of the component with a ratio of 20: 1 to 1: 1. 30 4. A compound according to claims 1-3, which comprises a blocking polymer having the formula CH3 CH3 (C2H40) x (C4H80) yC0.C = CH2