FI72445C - FOERFARANDE OCH ANORDNING FOER LJUSBAOGSSVETSNING. - Google Patents

Description

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72445

Method and apparatus for arc welding

The present invention relates to electric welding and in particular to methods and apparatus for arc welding 5.

The present invention can be applied to the design of a welding apparatus for underwater and shielding gas arc welding with overhead welding using fusible closed and core electrodes, and to performing welding with special electrodes that do not require the use of welding fluxes and shielding gases in the welding zone.

The invention can be best utilized in an apparatus used for a mechanized arc welding which takes place by feeding an electrode by means of long guide tubes.

The current trend towards larger welded structures and the widespread use of high quality steel sheets motivate continuous efforts to develop methods 20 that can improve the efficiency of welding processes to reduce the cost of welded structures while maintaining good weld quality. One such hit-dry process that meets the requirements of current technology is arc welding, which uses fusible bundle electrodes consisting of two or more solid, uninsulated electrode wires of the same or different diameters arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction. Arc welding with bundle electrodes improves the efficiency of the welding process compared to conventional single-electrode welding, which is very important specifically in overlay welding. Moreover, in arc welding with bundle electrodes, the internal doping of the welding metal 1 is easily achieved because at least one electrode of the bundle electrode 272445] The duck can be made of a sintered alloy. In addition, it should be noted that since the electrode wires have no insulation and are in contact with each other, all electrode wires can be supplied with current from the same welding current source.

An arc welding method is already known (cf. GB Patent No. 1,280,147, published July 5, 1972), in which welding is performed using a bundle electrode having two or more 10 separate electrode wires without insulating coating, the current being supplied to the electrode rods from a single source of welding current and arranged in the bundle electrode parallel to each other without a special mechanical bonding structure between them.

However, due to this latter feature, when this arc welding method is used in a mechanized welding process in which a fusible electrode is fed to a welding zone along a guide tube of a welding device 20 by a push mechanism, it seems impossible to obtain the same feed rate for all electrode rods in such a welding zone. This is because since there are no bonds between the electrode rods of such a bundle electrode as they move along the guide tube, they are free throughout the interior of this tube, subjecting them to different frictional resistances depending on their relative position and position relative to the guide tube and its nozzle. The difference in the friction-resistance of the separate electrode rods is even greater if the wires differ more or less in diameter. Due to the different feed rates of such separate electrode rods to the welding zone, the normal operation of the welding process is disturbed, specifically due to the uneven movement of the burning arc 35, and thus the quality of the welding performed is sharply deteriorated. Therefore, the general use of the method described above in mechanized arc welding, which in most cases takes place precisely using guide tubes, causes some difficulties.

An arc welding method in which the welding process takes place using a fusible bundle electrode is also already known (cf. USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 314,610, published September 21, 1971). In this method, a bundle electrode comprising a few bare, parallel-arranged electrode wires is pre-pressed on each side by special rollers and then fed to a welding zone.

This method has a certain advantage over the method described above in that it eliminates slipping of the electrode wires relative to each other because the bundle electrode of these wires is compressed, but if such an electrode is fed along a relatively long guide tube, the frictional resistance between the electrode and the inner walls 20 remains. quite large and uneven with respect to the unit of time. This again causes random variations in the speed at which the bundle electrode leaves the guide tube nozzle, and thus again the uneven movement of the arc that occurs specifically when welding 25 occurs at lower welding current densities.

In addition, an arc welding method in which the welding process takes place using a twisted, fusible bundle electrode is already known (cf. JP Patent No. 53-118154). In this method, a twisted bundle-30 electrode, which is a multi-threaded screw having a plurality of threads determined by the number of uninsulated electrode wires used therein, is fed into the arc combustion zone at an angle of 5-1.0 ° to the longitudinal axis of welding.

35 Although this arc welding method has certain advantages, one of which is that when the bundle electrode 4,72445 twisted from two wires burns, the arc rotates, which in turn promotes better mixing of the weld point and efficient melting of the weld edges. with a single push mechanism. If this method requires the supply of a twisted electrode with relatively long guide tubes, it is either necessary to increase the supply force of the electrode or to use an additional IQ intermediate traction device. However, these measures do not cause the electrode to come out of the nozzle at a constant speed, because during the advancing supply of the electrode the frictional resistance between the surface of the electrode wires and the inner walls of the guide tubes is unevenly distributed with respect to the feeding time and the length of the tube.

With respect to the above-mentioned arc rotation, it should be noted that it makes it impossible to perform welding processes at high speeds due to the low speed of this rotational movement.

20 In addition, this already known arc welding method can only be applied under relatively limited welding conditions, since the total cross-sectional area of the electrode should then not exceed 9.1 mm, the welding current should be 450-500 amps and the welding speed 25 should be 15-23 cm / min.

Prior art arc welding devices are generally known in which the advancing feed of the electrode is applied when feeding either a separate or bundled electrode along guide tubes to the welding zone. One such device (cf. U.S. Patent No. 2,833,912, issued May 6, 1958) comprises a welding torch made as a welding gun and equipped with a contact tip that supplies power to the electrode and is connected to the wire feed mechanism by a flexible hose that acts as a guide tube to feed the electrode to the welding belt.

Il 72445

The feed mechanism comprises a gearbox mounted in a portable housing with an electric motor and rotating feed rollers connected from a kinematic to a drive motor shaft.

5 With this arc welding device, the fusible electrode can be fed into the welding zone fairly evenly and reliably, however, with a relatively short guide hose. However, with this device, it is not possible to achieve a smooth and reliable supply of the electrode-10 along a relatively long control hose with just one push-feed mechanism. This is because, as already mentioned, in order to feed the electrode through the long guide hoses, it is necessary either to increase very much the force with which the electrode is pushed into the hose or to use additional intermediate pushing mechanisms placed in the hose at certain distances. The thrust applied to the electrode in this device can be enhanced either by increasing the force applied to the electrode by the feed rollers included in the device, or by adjusting the number of rollers li-2Q. In the first case, the electrode used in the device changes shape, i.e., teeth are formed on its surface, the size of which increases as the force applied by the feed rollers to the electrode increases, and in the second case, the structure of the device 25 becomes more complex and larger.

The use of intermediate traction mechanisms also leads to this same result. The teeth formed on the used electrode again generate more friction, in which case the thrust required for the electrode must be further increased. In addition, it should be noted that when using an advancing electrode feed with increased electrode thrust in the guide hose, the contact tip used in the welding machine, which is generally made of a relatively soft, low electrical resistance material, wears heavily and has a short life because of the required contact with the electrode. it is generally pressed against the electrode 6 72445 by applying a certain perpendicular force to the supply shaft of the electrode.

Thus, already known arc welding methods and apparatus are not able to provide a uniform supply of the melt-5 bundle electrode to the welding zone when relatively long guide tubes are used and the feed is provided by a single feed mechanism alone, and thus the electrode feed unevenness also affects the feed reliability. -10 for its quality.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an arc welding method and apparatus which provides a reliable supply of a few wires of twisted fusible electrode to the welding zone 15 compared to the length of guide tubes used in previous welding machines with relatively long guide tubes using only one feed mechanism for this purpose. to provide high quality welding rods that can be placed anywhere and have edges made in the normal ways typical of all conventional welding methods, and that welding can take place at both conventional and increased welding speeds, electrode cross-sectional area and welding current.

On the basis of this main objective, an arc welding method has been developed in which a twisted fusible electrode formed of two or more uninsulated electrode wires is fed into the arc zone, in which case can be adjusted and it is characteristic of the invention that the twisted-melt electrode is formed when it is

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7 72445 to the arc zone, by twisting the electrode wires around the feed axis as the rotating molten electrode performs a progressive rotational helical motion about and along the feed axis and with each of the 5 wires of the twisted molten electrode moving in the same path and entering v = prn, where v is the feed rate of the twisted fusible electrode, p is the pitch of the twist of the electrode wires, r is the number of revolutions of the twisted fusible electrode per unit time, and n is the number of twisted outer electrode ports.

The proposed arc welding method completely eliminates the difference between the speeds of the individual electrode wires, as the electrode wires twist into a twisted bundle 2Q electrode during its feeding, it ensures the electrode comes out evenly from the welding torch nozzle due to

Moreover, the arc welding method according to the present invention is also characterized in that the dimensions of a weld formed by two twisted electrode wires using a twisted fusible electrode are adjusted by changing the direction of the twisted fusible electrode end surface in the arc zone.

In one embodiment of such adjustment, the orientation of the end surface of the twisted fusible electrode relative to the welding length axis 35 in a plane perpendicular to the feed axis of the twisted fusible electrode is changed in the arc zone by changing the length of the protruding portion of the twisted fusible electrode an increase in the helical profile.

In another embodiment of such adjustment, the direction of the end surface of the threaded fusible electrode with respect to the longitudinal axis of welding in a plane perpendicular to the feed axis of the twisted fusible electrode is changed in the arc zone by rotating this electrode about its feed axis at an angle ranging from 10 ° to 90 °.

The adjustment of the dimensions of the weld made in the above-mentioned ways is very simple and makes it possible, if necessary, to change the dimensions of the weld over a sufficiently wide range. The first of the above-mentioned embodiments of such an adjustment 15, i.e. by changing the length of the protruding part of the electrode, is the most suitable way for manual arc welding, especially when the welding is performed in relatively cramped places. In automatic arc welding, both embodiments of control 2Q are useful, so the choice of embodiment depends on the conditions under which the welding process takes place.

Based on this main goal, an arc welding device has also been developed comprising a welding torch provided with a contact tip and associated with a flexible guide hose for supplying a molten electrode to a welding zone, a supply mechanism comprising a housing mounted and driven by a gearbox, -30 tu to move the fusible electrode forward along its feed shaft and rigidly attached to the shafts connected to the drive motor shaft, the invention being characterized in that each feed roll of the feed mechanism is made of a cylinder with a multi-threaded thread corresponding to a thread 9 7 , the pitch of the thread of the twisted fusible electrode, and that the transmission of the feed mechanism comprises a first group of gears which causes the feed rollers to rotate in their shafts in the same direction 5 and comprises two driven parts rigidly attached to the ends of the feed roller shafts on the same side of the feed rollers, and one drive member kinematically coupled to the drive parts of the first gear group and the drive motor shaft, and a second gear group 1Q causing the synchronous rotation of the two feed rollers to rotate and comprising a drive member freely attached to the ends of the feed roller shafts on the same side of the feed rollers, and a drive member kinematically coupled to the drive portion of the second gear group and the drive motor shaft, and the contact tip comprising a contact sleeve having an internal contact channel, having a multi-threaded thread on the surface having a diameter, pitch and number of threads corresponding to the diameter, pitch and number of threads of the formed, twisted fusible electrode passing through the contact tips.

The proposed device using the above-mentioned arc welding method simultaneously causes a few electrode wires to be twisted into a single twisted, 25 screw-shaped electrode and this electrode is fed along a flexible guide hose in the desired direction by only one feed mechanism. Since, when fed, the feed mechanism causes the electrode to rotate so as to perform a progressive rotational movement, it is possible to apply considerable forces to the advanced electrode which push it in the flexible guide hose without significantly altering the shape of the electrode surface. As a result, it becomes possible to feed a twisted electrode and, more importantly, at a constant speed of 35 along guide hoses with a length much greater than the length of similar hoses of a previous welding machine with a single feed mechanism.

In one embodiment of the arc welding device 5 according to the invention, the contact tip of the welding torch may further comprise a housing around the contact sleeve and having a resilient member attached thereto in contact with one end of the contact sleeve and generating a force directed to the twisted melt electrode pressing the threads of the contact channel of the contact sleeve onto the threaded surface of the electrode.

By using a resilient part in the contact tip of the welding torch which generates a force along the supply axis of the twisted electrode, short guide hoses can compensate for the unstable contact between the threaded surfaces of the twisted electrode and the contact tip threads.

In another arc welding apparatus structure according to the invention, the contact tip of the welding torch further comprises a housing surrounding the contact sleeve and having peripheral threads on the circumferential surface and threads on the inner surface having a diameter and pitch corresponding to the contact thread diameter and pitch of the contact sleeve.

the threads on the outer surface of the contact sleeve and the corresponding threading on the inner surface of the housing around the contact sleeve allow the force 30 which presses the threads of the contact channel of this sleeve against the threaded surface of the twisted electrode to be optionally pre-adjusted over a wide range. The use of the pressing device is described in more detail below.

35 Outer threads of the contact tip of the contact tip and threads of the inner surface of the contact tip housing related to

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11 72445 to these external threads, can be made so that the pitch of their thread is less than the pitch of the threads of the inner contact channel of the contact sleeve.

When there is such an increase in the outer threads of the contact sleeve and the threads of the contact tip housing which are connected to each other, the magnitude of the compressive force can be adjusted more evenly and precisely in advance.

These and other advantages and structures of the present invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description of its embodiments taken with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a simplified view of a welding apparatus and shows an arc welding method according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a diagram of the mutual arrangement of the working part of a fusible electrode wound from two wires and the work to be performed on a protruding part of this electrode of a certain length, and shows an embodiment of the adjustment of welding dimensions according to the invention; Fig. 3 is a cross-section of two wire-twisted electrodes taken along line III-III of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a cross-section of a weld made with the electrode in the position shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a diagram of the mutual arrangement of the working part of the molten electrode twisted from two wires and the work to be performed with the protruding part of this electrode of different lengths compared to Fig. 2, according to the invention; 6 is a cross-section of the electrode taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 5; FIG. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a weld made with the electrode in the position shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a diagram of a mutual arrangement of a working portion of a fusible electrode twisted from two wires and work performed using a certain angle of rotation of this electrode, and shows another embodiment of welding dimensional adjustment according to the invention; 9 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode taken along line IX-IX of FIG. Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a weld made with the electrode in the position shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 11 is a diagram of a mutual arrangement of work performed using a different wire angle of rotation of a two-wire twisted blade electrode and this electrode according to the invention compared to Fig. 8; 12 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode taken along line XII-XII of FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a weld made with the electrode in the figure. 11 in the position shown, fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an arc welding apparatus applying the arc welding method proposed in accordance with the invention, FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the first gear group of the feed mechanism taken along line XV-XV of FIG. 14; 16 is a cross-sectional view of the second gear group of the feed mechanism taken along line XVI-XVI of FIG. 14; FIG. .17 is a cut-away cross-section of the feed rollers of the feed mechanism taken along line XVII-XVII of Fig. 14; 18 is a cross-sectional view of the feed sleeve of the feed mechanism taken along line XVIII-XVIII of FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of another structure of the feed sleeve of the feed mechanism 25 shown in FIG. 20 is a cross-section of the contact tip of the welding torch contact tip along a plane passing through the axis of the contact sleeve, FIG. 21 shows the same cross-section along the line XXI-XXI in Fig. 14, FIG. Fig. 22 is an end view of the contact sleeves of the welding torch contact tips used for twisted electrodes comprising different amounts of electrode wires, and Figs. 23 is a cross-sectional view of another structure of a contact tip of a welding torch contact tip in accordance with the invention along a plane passing through the axis of this contact tip.

It should be noted that the drawings related to this description are schematic and are intended only to illustrate the present invention without thus limiting the dimensions of the components of the proposed arc welding apparatus, the interrelationships of the dimensions of these parts, and so on. The same parts have the same reference numerals in different drawings.

The arc welding method according to the invention comprises the following steps:

Prior to welding, closed, non-insulated electrode wires 2, e.g. three such wires, are fed to the feed mechanism 1 of the welding device (Fig. 1), as shown in the figure, and the mechanism is started. When the supply mechanism 1 is actuated, the fusible electrode 3 is fed along a flexible guide hose 4 through the contact tip 5 of the welding torch 6 to the combustion zone of the arc 7. The arc 7 ignites when the fusible electrode 3 contacts the surface of the workpiece 20 to be welded when a suitable voltage is applied to the contact tip 5 by a conductor 9 and a conductor 10 connected to the workpiece 8. When the arc 7 ignites, the electrode 3 and the workpiece 8 metal begin to melt and along the work surface 8 the surface-25 sa is formed by welding 11.

According to the present invention, the supply of a fusible electrode 3 to the zone of the arc 7 is combined in the proposed method with the manufacturing process of this electrode when the twisted bundle electrode is made of electro-30 wires 2, around and along the feed axis and each wire 2 35 of the electrode moving in the same path and entering the zone 7 of the arc 7 at the same point. As the electrode wires 2 rotate about the feed axis, which continues until plastic deformation occurs therein, the twisted fusible electrode 3 forms an elongate multi-threaded screw 5 having a certain number of threads depending on the number of threads or outer electrode openings 2 forming the thread surface. The feed rate required to feed the twisted electrode 3 into the zone of the arc 7 in the proposed method is determined by the following ratio: v = prn, where v is the feed rate of the twisted molten electrode, meters-15 rpm, p is the thread pitch of the electrode wires 2 in meters The number of turns made in 3 minutes, and 20 n is the number of twisted outer electrode wires 2.

Those skilled in the art know that in the proposed arc welding method, a twisted fusible electrode 3 formed of a reasonable number of electrode wires 2 can be used, starting from two wires. In this case, when the twisted electrode 3 is made of several electrode wires 2, e.g. five or more, these wires being arranged in layers on the electrode (as shown in the cross section of the electrode 3), the helical tear of this electrode can be formed only by the wires 2 placed 3Q further referred to herein as outer wires 2. In addition, the twisted electrode 3 may be formed of electrode wires 2 having the same or different diameters, but in the latter case the diameter of the outer wires 2 forming the twisted surface of the twisted electrode 3 in the bundle of wires 2 must be the same.

The following are specific examples r of embodiments of the proposed welding method, which illustrate its suitability when using different amounts of twisted fusible electrodes 3 comprising electrode wires 2 for performing welding under different welding conditions and using guide hoses 4 of different lengths.

Example 1 10 A fusible electrode 3 (Fig. 1) twisted from two electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 1 mm and made of low-alloy steel was also fed using the above-mentioned arc welding method to a workplace 8 made of low-alloy steel and belonging to the elements of dry deck the welding zone. A conventional welding rectifier with a flat volt-ampere characteristic was used as the power source for the arc 7. The welding zone was protected with carbon dioxide. The arc welding process took place under the following conditions: - the thread pitch of the electrodes was 3 mm, - the rotation speed of the electrode rotated about its feed axis was 833.3 rpm, - the feed speed of the twisted electrode to the welding zone 25 was 5 meters per minute, was 200 A, - the arc voltage was 21 V, and - the welding speed was 0.5 meters per minute.

Under these conditions, the welding process was stable 30 and the welds 11 made at various locations fully met all the requirements for welding in a carbon dioxide atmosphere.

Example 2

A fusible electrode 3 twisted from two 35 electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 1.8 mm and 16,72445 made of low-alloy steel was fed to the welding zone of the above work according to the above program during the arc welding process under the following conditions: 5 - thread of electrode wires 6 mm, - the rotation speed of the electrode rotated about its feed axis was 691.6 rpm, - the feed speed of the rotated electrode to the welding zone was 8.3 meters per minute, 10 - the welding current was 500 A, - the arc voltage was 42 V, and - the welding speed was 0.5 m per minute.

Under these conditions, the welding process was also stable and the welds made in a carbon dioxide atmosphere met all the requirements imposed on them in this case.

Example 3 In this case, a fusible electrode 3 twisted from three electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 2Q 6 mm and made of low-alloy steel was fed into the welding zone of the hull parts of the ship according to the above-mentioned program. The welding zone was protected by a flow of circulating anangan. The arc welding process took place under the following conditions: 25 - the thread pitch of the electrode wires increased by 30 mm, - the rotation speed of the electrode rotated around its feed axis was 20 rpm, - the feed speed of the twisted electrode to the welding zone was 1.2 m per minute, 30 - the welding current was 4,200 A, 24 V, and - the welding speed was 3 meters per minute.

The welding arc was powered by a powerful welding rectifier designed specifically for 35 high-speed welding.

17 72445 Under these welding conditions, the welding process was also relatively stable and the welds thus made met all the requirements for submerged arc welding.

The use of the arc welding method according to the invention makes it possible to perform welding when the welds come to different places and at a considerable distance from the feed mechanism 1. Compared to conventional arc welding methods, when the fusible electrode 3 is fed via flexible guide hoses 4, the length of such hoses can be increased. -fold and in some cases even more. This length depends on the structure and material of the flexible hose 4 and is a function of the total cross-sectional area of the twisted electrode 3. the number of electrode bars 2 forming the components of the electrode 15 and the material of these wires. In addition, in the proposed arc welding method, it is possible to feed a twisted electrode 3 having a total cross-sectional area of 1.5-2 times larger than the total cross-sectional area of the electrode used in the previous methods, while maintaining the flexibility of the guide hose 4.

The following are specific examples of the arc welding method of the present invention and illustrate the possibilities for extending the flexible guide hoses 4.

Example 4

The conventional guide flexible hose 30 used in conventional arc welding methods ensures a stable supply of one electrode, about 1.4 mm in diameter, to the welding zone at a distance of about 3.5 m. Using the welding method now proposed, the length of the flexible guide hose 4 can be doubled if a twisted electrode 3 comprising two electrode wires with a diameter of 1 mm and a cross-section corresponding approximately to a cross-section of a separate electrode 1.4 mm in diameter is fed through the device in question. to zone 7 of the arc. The feed rate stability-5 ti of the fed, rotated electrode 3 is then relatively good.

Example 5

A fusible electrode 3 twisted from two electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 1.8 mm was fed to the combustion zone of the arc 7. In this case, the length of the flexible guide hose 4 can be extended to 14 meters (i.e., four times compared to the conventional supply of one electrode) without affecting the stability of the supply speed of the electrode 3 supplied to the combustion zone of the arc 7.

15 Example 6

The fusible electrode 3, in this case twisted from three electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 2 mm, was fed along the guide hose 4 at a distance of 35 m and entered the arcing zone 2Q of the arc 7 at a constant speed and no significant deterioration was observed in the flexibility of the guide hose 4.

The arc welding method according to the present invention can be applied by adjusting the dimensions of the weld 11 to be manufactured (Fig. 1), which can be done by changing the welding speed in the usual way or changing the electrical parameters of the welding process, i.e. changing the welding current and voltage of the arc 7 and changing the twisted electrode 3 position relative to the welding 11, e.g. by mechanical adjustment. In the method proposed according to the present invention 3Q, the dimensional adjustment in welding 11, which is performed using a twisted fusible electrode 3 formed of two electrode wires 2 and performs advancing rotational motion about and along its feed axis, by changing the direction of the arc surface 7 in a plane with respect to the longitudinal axis of the weld seam 11, 19 72445 which is perpendicular to the feed axis of the electrode 3 and passes through its end surface 12.

In one embodiment concerning the mechanical adjustment of the dimensions of the weld 11, the direction of the end surface 12 of the twisted fusible electrode 5 is changed in the zone of the arc 7 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the weld 11 in a plane perpendicular to the feed axis of the electrode 3 in the part of the electrode 3 which is between the exit point of the electrode at the contact tip 5 and the end surface 12, by +0.5 of the pitch of the thread of the longitudinal profile of this electrode.

More specifically, according to this embodiment, the dimensions of the welding 1.1 are adjusted as follows. Using 1 to 15 certain welding variables, so as to obtain a minimum-width weld 11 with maximum penetration into the metal of the workpiece 8, the twisted electrode 3 is placed on the longitudinal axis of the weld 11 in the combustion zone of the arc 11 during the welding process so that the line the centers of the ends of the two wires 2 of the electrode 3, comes on the longitudinal axis of the welding 1.1. The arrangement of the twisted electrode 3 in this case is illustrated in more detail in Figures 2, 3 and 4. Figure 2 shows a twisted electrode with a pitch T and a protruding part B1 relative to the contact-tip 5. In the cross-section of the twisted electrode 3 shown in Fig. 3, the wires 2 forming the electrode 3 are arranged in the same manner as in the main surface of this electrode, therefore the line 4 connecting the cross-sections of the wires 2 shown in this figure has the same direction as the corresponding line connecting the centers of the wires 2 at the end surface of the electrode 3, and therefore, in order to simplify the matter and make it easier to understand, the direction of the end surface 12 of the electrode 3 is described at the position of this line 4. When the ejection length of the twisted electrode 3 shown in Fig. 2 is used 20 7 2 4 4 5

B1 and the position of the line 4 shown in Fig. 3, the weld 11 produced has the shape shown in Fig. 4 (the longitudinal axis of the weld 1.1 shown in Fig. 4 is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing) and has (11) a minimum width marked W1.

When it is desired to produce a weld 11 with a maximum width and a minimum penetration into the metal of the workpiece 8, the ejection length of the twisted electrode 3 is extended or shortened by half the pitch T. This Q simply takes place by raising or lowering the contact tip 5 or the entire welding torch 3 by an amount corresponding to the pitch T of the thread. This case is shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7.

Fig. 5 shows a twisted electrode 3 having the same thread pitch T and a new, shortened ejection length B2 obtained by lowering the welding torch 6. In this case, the line 4 shown in Fig. 6 is placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the weld 1.1 shown in Fig. 7, the dissipation of the heat 20 generated by the arc 7 and the reduction of the heat concentration on the longitudinal axis of this weld with the width W2 of the weld 11 being the maximum and the depth of its penetration the minimum.

When the ejection length of the twisted electrode 3 is changed by an amount less than half the pitch T of the electrode 25 3, intermediate values are obtained for the width W and the penetration depth of the welding 1.1 with respect to the above-mentioned values.

The following are specific examples of embodiments of the mechanical adjustment of the dimensions of the welding 11 when the adjustment takes place according to the arc welding method now described by changing the ejection length of the twisted electrode 3.

Example 7

The fusible electrode 3, which was twisted from two steel electrodes 2 with a diameter of 4 mm, was fed in a progressive rotational motion to a low-alloy steel

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21 „Λ 72445 van in the direction of the welding point of the work object, the line 4 and the corresponding line connecting the centers of the ends of the electrode wires 2 being arranged on the longitudinal axis of the welding 11. The arc 7 was powered by a conventional welding rectifier with a flat volt-ampere curve. The arc welding process took place under the following conditions: - the welding current was 1,200 A, - the arc voltage was 32 V, 10 ~ the welding speed was 100 meters per hour, and - silicon manganese flow was used as the shielding gas.

The weld 11 thus prepared met all the requirements for submerged arc welding and had the following main dimensions: 15 - the welding width was 13 mm, - the penetration depth was 7 mm, and - the welding droplet height was 3.3 mm.

Example 8

Without changing the welding conditions, the ejection length of the twisted fusible electrode 3 having the above-mentioned 20 parameters was shortened by a quarter of the pitch T of the thread, whereby the line 4 came at an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the welding 11. At the end of the welding process, a weld 11 was obtained which met all the requirements for submerged arc welding, but in this case it had other dimensions, i.e.: - a weld width of 17 mm, - a penetration depth of 5.5 mm, and 30 - a weld drop height was 2.5 mm.

Example 9

Under the same welding conditions, the ejection length of the twisted fusible electrode 3 having the above-mentioned parameters was shortened in the second quarter by the pitch T of its 35 turns, whereby the line L came perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the welding 22 72445. At the end of the welding process, a welding was obtained].] Which met all the requirements for submerged arc welding, but which had a wider width 5 and a lower penetration depth compared to the two examples above, i.e.: - a welding width of 21 mm, - a penetration depth of 4.5 mm , and - the height of the welding drop was 2 mm.

10 In another embodiment concerning the mechanical adjustment of the dimensions of the weld 11 (Fig. 1), the direction of the end surface 12 of the twisted fusible electrode 3 is changed in the zone of the arc 7 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the weld 11 in a plane perpendicular to the electrode 3 around its feed axis at an angle of 0-9 °.

More specifically, the dimensions of the weld 11 according to this embodiment are adjusted as follows: Using certain welding parameters so as to obtain a minimum weld 20 with maximum penetration into the metal of the workpiece 8, a twisted electrode is placed on the arc 11 longitudinal axis in the arc 7 zone. the centers of the ends of the two wires 2 forming the electrode 3, come on this longitudinal axis.

The position of the twisted electrode 3 in this case is illustrated in more detail in Figures 8, 9 and 10. Figure 8 shows a twisted electrode 3 with a pitch T and a protruding part B2. With the twisted electrode 3 in the position shown in Fig. 8 and the line L in the position shown in Fig. 9, the cross section of the finished weld 11 has the shape shown in Fig. 10 (the longitudinal axis of the weld 11 in Fig. 1.0 is perpendicular to the drawing plane). marked W1.

35 If it is desired to produce a welding 1.1 with which

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23 72445 is the maximum width and the minimum penetration into the metal of the workpiece 8, the twisted electrode 3 is rotated about its feed axis by 90 °. This is done simply by turning the welding torch 6 clockwise or counterclockwise.

This case is shown in Figs. 11, 12 and 13. Fig. 11 shows a twisted electrode 3 having the same thread pitch T and ejection length B2, but rotated 90 ° with respect to the position of the electrode shown in Fig. 8. In this case, the line L shown in Fig. 12 is arranged 1q in the same manner as in the above-mentioned embodiment of dimensional adjustment of the weld 11, i.e., perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the weld shown in Fig. 13, the weld width 1.1 is maximum and the penetration depth is minimum.

When the twisted electrode 3 is rotated about its feed axis at angles ranging from 0 to 90 °, intermediate values can be obtained for the width W and the penetration depth of the weld 11.

The following are specific examples of embodiments of the mechanical adjustment of the dimensions of the welding 2Q 11 when the adjustment takes place according to the proposed arc welding method by rotating the twisted electrode 3 about its feed axis.

Example 10

The fusible electrode 3 twisted from two steel electrode wires 25 mm in diameter was fed in a forward rotational motion in the direction of the welding point of the low-alloy steel workpiece, the line L being arranged on the longitudinal axis of the welding 11. The arc 7 was powered by a conventional welding flat-3Q dough with a flat win-ampere curve. The arc welding process took place under the following conditions: - the welding current was 1,200 A, - the arc voltage was 32 V, - the welding speed was 100 meters per hour, and 35 - silicon manganese flow was used as the shielding gas.

24 7 2 4 4 5 The weld 11 thus prepared met all the requirements for submerged arc welding and had the following main dimensions: - welding width 13 mm, 5 - penetration depth 7 mm, and - welding droplet height 3.3 mm.

Example 11

Without changing the ejection lengths of the twisted fusible electrode 3 having the welding conditions and the above-mentioned parameters, this electrode was rotated 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the welding 11, whereby the line L also entered an angle of 45 ° with respect to this axis. At the end of the welding process, a weld 11 was obtained which met all the requirements for submerged arc welding, but in this case it had other dimensions, i.e.: - a weld width of 17 mm, - a penetration depth of 5.5 mm, and - a weld drop height was 2.5 mm.

20 Example 12

Under the same welding conditions, the twisted fusible electrode 3 having the same parameters was rotated 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the welding 11, whereby the line L also entered an angle of 90 ° with respect to this axis. At the end of the welding process 25, a welding 11 was obtained which met all the requirements for submerged arc welding, but which had a wider width and a penetration depth and a droplet height compared to the two examples 30 above, i.e.: - a welding width of 21 mm, , 5 mm, and - the height of the welding drop was 2 mm.

Thus, the above-described embodiments of mechanical adjustment of welding dimensions give similar results,

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25 724 4 5 and more importantly, they effectively affect the welding dimensions. For example, in the above examples, the welding width adjustment factor is greater than 1.5 for both embodiments. These embodiments of mechanical adjustment are relatively simple, which is very important when welding joints at different points in relatively tight spaces. They are also suitable for adjusting welding principles both before and during welding.

Fig. 14 shows an apparatus designed for application to the arc welding method according to the present invention for mounting on shipyards and performing semi-automatic welding of various low-alloy steel hull components, and comprising a feed mechanism 1 connected to the welding torch 6 by flexible control comprises a housing 13 with an electric drive motor comprising a shaft 15, a gearbox 16 comprising two gear groups and two feed rollers 17a and 7b, 20 fixed to shafts 18a and 18b, respectively, connected by the aforementioned gear groups to the shaft 15 of the drive motor 14. The feed rollers 17 move the twisted fusible electrode 3 forward along its feed axis, which is marked with an X.

The first group of gears of the gearbox 16, which causes the feed rollers to rotate in their axes in the same direction, comprises a drive part 19. It is a cup-shaped part with an outwardly extending, centrally located cylindrical projection 20 with an axial through-hole 21 and two round rows of teeth , one, the outer row 22, is made on the outer surface of this part, and the other, the inner row 23, is made on its inner surface. This gear group also comprises two drive parts, i.e. parts 24a and 24b, which are cylindrical gears and which have a diameter 35 smaller than the diameter of the drive part 19. These 26 72445 spur gears are located inside the drive part 19 in its inner row of teeth 23 and rigidly attached to the respective end portions 18a and 18b of the respective shafts 18a and 17b, the parts 24 to be used being located on the same side of the feed rollers 17 as shown in the drawing.

The central projection 20 of the drive part 19 is located in a plain bearing 25 which is pressed into a hole 26 made in the lower wall of the housing 13 (according to the drawing) and whose 1Q axis is flush with the feed axis X. Therefore, the drive member 19 is able to perform a rotational movement about the feed axis X. The drive part 19 is kinematically connected to the shaft 15 of the drive motor 15 by a spur gear 27 fixed to the shaft 15 and toothed in the outer row of teeth 22 of the drive 15. The relative position of the drive part 19, the drive parts 24 and the intermediate gear 27 in their coupling plane is shown in Fig. 15. wherein said parts are illustrated in cross-section along the line XV-XV in Figure 14. Thus, from said coupling, while the drive portion 19 of the first gear group 16 of the transmission gear 16 rotates, the feed rollers 17 (Fig. 14) can perform a rotational movement about their axes in the same direction.

The second group of gears of the gearbox 16, which causes the synchronous rotation 25 of the two feed rollers 17 around the feed axis X of the electrode 3, comprises a drive part 28 which is a spur gear fixed to the shaft 15 of the drive motor 14 and a drive part 29 which is also a spur gear. to the drive portion 28 and having an axial through hole 30 and 30 with two diametrically opposed holes 31a and 31b made in its body. The holes 31a and 33b have plain bearings 32a and 32b pressed into them and the respective shafts 18a and 18b of the feed rollers 17a and 17b loosely fitted to these bearings. The arrangement of the through holes 31 in the drive part 29 and the relative position of the drive part 28 and the drive part 29 in their coupling plane is illustrated in Fig. 16, in which said parts are shown in section along the line XVI-XVI in Fig. 14.

The ends of the shafts 18 (Fig. 14) opposite the ends of the shafts 18 placed on the bearings 32 are loosely connected to the plate 33, the ends of the shafts 18a and 18b being fixed to the body 33 of the plate 33, respectively, on plain bearings 34a and 34b 35b made diametrically to this le-10 belt. The holes 35 are naturally spaced from the axis of the plate 33 as the holes 31 of the drive part 29. Since one end of the shafts 1.8 of the feed rollers 17 is attached to the drive part 29 and their other ends to the plate 33, the drive part 29 and the plate 33 form a unit 15.

In the center of the plate 33 is a cylindrical protrusion 36 with an axial through hole (37) attached to a plain bearing 38. The bearing 38 is pressed into a through hole 39 made in the upper part of the housing 13 (according to the drawing) and having a shaft at the same point above with said feed axis X. Thus, since the plate 33 and the drive part 29 are connected to the shafts 18 of the feed rollers 17 in the same unit with this shaft coinciding with the feed shaft X, the feed rollers 17 can perform a synchronous rotational movement about said shaft while the second gear group drive plate 28 of the gearbox 16 rotates.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the special construction of the transmission 16 of the feed mechanism 1 shown here is not the only one possible. Thus, for example, the gear groups of the gearbox 16 may be arranged in other ways by other types of gears. More importantly, however, gear gears can be replaced by other gears and friction-driven drives, but the main principle of operation of the gearbox 16 must be maintained, based on this principle 28 7 2 4 4 5 that the drives used must provide feed rollers. simultaneous rotation about its axes in the same direction and synchronous rotation of these rollers at the required speeds about the feed axis X.

Each feed roller 1.7 is a cylinder in the circumferential surface of which a multi-threaded thread is made in adjacent grooves 40 which have a semicircular cross-section. The pitch of this multi-threaded thread corresponds to the pitch of the thread of the threaded electrode 3 to be formed. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the number of threads of a multi-threaded thread must be different in each case, and that the diameter of the rollers 17, the diameter of the electrode wire 2 and the pitch angle of the threaded electrode 3 to be formed are definitively determined. The feed rollers 17 are mounted so that a gap 41 is formed between their circumferential surfaces, the width of which is determined by the total diameter of the twisted electrode 3 and by means of which the electrode 3 enters the threads of these rollers.

The housing 13 of the feed mechanism 1 (Fig. 14) has a feed sleeve 42 attached to its upper part (according to the drawing) above the cylindrical projection 36 in the middle of the plate 33. A through hole 43 of the feed sleeve 42 through which the electrode holes 2 enter the feed mechanism 1 25 and whose shaft is at the same point as the feed shaft X, is formed into a truncated cone on the surface of which guide grooves 44 are made (Fig. 18). The guide grooves 44 prevent the electrode wires 2 passing through the feed sleeve 42 from moving in the hole 43 about the axis of this sleeve. The number of guide grooves 30 44 corresponds to the number of electrode wires 2 used to form the twisted electrode 3.

The feed sleeve 42 can also be made as a cylinder with separate through-going guide holes 45 (Fig.

19) for each electrode wire 2, instead of a through hole 43 having guide grooves 44-35, the holes 45 being

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29 7 2 4 4 5 arranged in the body of this cylinder about its axis at a certain angle with respect to this axis and their number corresponding to the number of electrode rods 2 used. In the simplest case, the through hole 43 (Fig. 1.4) of the supply sleeve 42 5 can generally be made as an opening whose width corresponds to the diameter of the electrode wires 2 passing through this sleeve.

Therefore, since the axes of the hole 43 of the feed sleeve 42, the axial through hole 30 JO of the drive portion 29 and the axial through hole 21 of the drive portion 19 are aligned with the above-mentioned feed shaft α, these holes form a continuous channel of the feed mechanism 1. The fusible electrode 3 fed to this channel as separate electrode ducts 2 leaves it as a single twisted electro-15.

The lower part of the housing 13 of the supply mechanism 1 (according to the drawing) is connected to a flexible guide hose 4 of a conventional type for supplying a twisted fusible electrode 3 to a welding point of a connection 46 l-20 pi with a through hole 47 in the middle. 21 diameters and whose axis is flush with the feed axis X. The flexible guide hose 4 is a tightly twisted steel wire coil with a cross-section of the steel hinge either round 25 or rectangular and surrounded by a housing which prevents the coil from expanding in the longitudinal direction and a protective sheath arranged coaxially outside it. When the diameter of the wires 2 forming the twisted electrode 3 is about 2 mm, the length of the flexible guide hose 4 can be up to 35 meters.

The flexible guide hose 4 is connected at one end to a welding torch 6 provided with a contact tip 5. According to the present invention, the contact tip 5 comprises a contact sleeve 48 having a contact channel 49 with a multi-threaded thread having a diameter, a pitch and a thread pitch of the number corresponds to the diameter, the pitch of the thread and the number of threads formed in the feed mechanism 1 and passing through said tip. In the present device 5, the number of threads of the contact channel 49 is three, as in the twisted electrode 3. The shape of the contact channel 49 is shown in more detail in Fig. 20, which illustrates a longitudinal section of the contact sleeve 48 shown by a plane passing through the axis of this sleeve; and Fig. 21 shows a cross section of That is, the threaded surface of the electrode 3 wound against the threaded surface of the contact channel 49. Such a profile of the contact channel 49 is possible only when the twisted electrode 3 passing through the contact tip 5 performs a progressive rotational movement.

Fig. 22 shows contact sleeves (end view) for a contact tip of the above type to be used if the twisted fusible electrode consists of two (Fig. 22a), three (Fig. 22b) and seven (Fig. 22c) electrode wires.

In the contact tip structure 5 shown in Fig. 14, this tip also comprises a cylindrical housing 50 surrounding the contact core 48, which is able to move along the walls of this housing. The housing 50 has a resilient member 51 disposed therein, which is a compressed helical spring secured to the housing 50 by this wall-mounted spacer 52. The resilient member 51 contacts the end of the contact nozzle 43 and thus generates a certain force which is directed along the feed axis 30 of the twisted electrode and causes the threads of the contact channel 49 to be pressed against the threaded surface of the electrode.

In the structure shown in Fig. 23, the contact tip 5 also comprises a cylindrical housing 50 around the contact sleeve 48. However, in this case, the contact sleeve 35 48 is provided with external threads 53 on its outer surface contacting the inner surface of the housing 50. The inner surface of the housing 50 also has threads 54 having a diameter and pitch corresponding to the diameter of the outer threads 53 of the contact sleeve 48 and the pitch of the thread and associated with the outer threads 5 of the sleeve 48, the pitch of the threads 53 and the pitch of the threads 54, respectively, being selected to be less than the pitch of the contact channel 49 within the contact sleeve 48 or the pitch of the threaded electrode 3.

The apparatus for applying the proposed arc welding method 10 operates as follows:

Before welding and starting the feed mechanism 1 (Fig. 14), a part of each electrode wire 2 is unwound from rollers not shown in the drawing, and the ends of the wires are guided through the through hole 43 of the feed sleeve 42.

The ends of the electrode rods 2 then pass through the axial through hole 37 of the cylindrical projection 36 of the plate 33 and are guided into the opening 41 between the feed rollers 17a and 17b. The drive motor 14 of the gearbox 16 is then engaged. As the shaft 15 of the drive motor 15 rotates 20, the drive gear 28 and the gear 27 attached to this shaft begin to rotate.

As the drive part 28 belonging to the second gear group 16 of the gearbox rotates, the drive part 29 of this gear group toothed therewith and also the plate 33 and the feed rollers 25 17 connected to the drive part 29 in the same unit start to rotate about the feed shaft X. In this case, as shown in Fig. 16, when the drive member 28 rotates clockwise, the drive member 29 rotates counterclockwise. Since, on the one hand, the electrode wires 2 (Fig. 14) cannot move in the axial hole 43 of the feed sleeve 42 about this axis coinciding with the feed shaft X, and since the ends of the electrode rods 2 are pressed into the gap 41 between the feed rollers 17, the plate 33 rotates the wires 2 turn into an electrode 3 in the part between the feed sleeve 35 and the feed rollers 17.

72445

At the same time, the rotational movement of the gear 27 belonging to the first gear group of the gearbox 3.6 is transferred to the drive member 39. As the drive member 39 rotates, the drive parts 24 which engage its inner gear row 23 5 and are mounted on the shafts 38 of the feed rollers 17 also begin to rotate. In this case, as shown in Fig. 35, when the gear 27 rotates clockwise, the drive member 19 rotates counterclockwise, and the driven parts 24 also rotate counterclockwise. As the feed rollers 17 (Fig. 14), which have multi-threaded threads on their circumferential surfaces, rotate on their own shafts, they press into the twisted electrode wires 2 in the gap 41 therebetween and push them out of this gap as a pre-twisted electrode 3. .

Thus, due to the above, the second gear group of the gearbox 16 comprising the drive part 28 and the drive part 29 causes the feed rollers 17 to rotate about its feed axis and thus causes the wires 2 to rotate into the electrode 3, while the first gear group of the gearbox 16 comprising the drive part 19 and the parts 24 to be used, cause the feed rollers 17 to rotate in their shafts and in this way 25 cause the rotatable electrode 3 to be fed in the desired direction. The operation of the gearbox 16 is somewhat reminiscent of the operation of a well-known planetary gear group with part 1.9 acting as the center wheel of the planetary gear, parts 24 acting as impellers and part 29 acting as the support part of the planetary gear.

When the twisted electrode 3, which performs the helical movement, has come out of the gap 41 between the feed rollers 17, it passes along the feed axis X successively through the holes 30, 21 and 47 and enters the flexible guide tube 4. 35 After passing through the guide tube, the twisted electrode 3 724 45 to the contact tip 5 of the seam burner 6 and more specifically to the contact channel 49 of the contact sleeve 48, presses into this helical channel 49 and makes good sliding contact with the inner surface of this channel almost entirely from its outer surface 5 (of course in length corresponding to the length of the channel 49). The reliability of the electrical contact between the contact sleeve 48 and the twisted electrode 3 is also ensured by a resilient part 51 which generates a permanent force directed along the feed shaft 10 of the electrode 3 and presses the threaded surface of the contact channel 49 against the threaded surface of the electrode 3.

The threaded connection (Fig. 23) formed by the external threads of the contact sleeve 48 and the internal threads 54 of the housing 50 around this sleeve has a similar effect as the resilient part 51. In this construction, the continuity of the compressive force acting along the feed axis of the electrode 3 is ensured by self-tightening. is generated during the advancing rotational movement of the electrode 3 and causes the position of the contact sleeve 48 to be determined relative to the fixed housing 50. A certain ratio between the thread pitch of said threaded connection and the thread pitch of the contact sleeve is selected according to the special operating conditions of the contact tip 5, the guide hose 4 (Fig. 14) and the diameter and length of the twisted electrode and so on.

However, it should now be noted that special devices are not always required to cause the electrode 3 to be pressed against the contact tip 5.

The inside diameter of the guide hose 4 is always slightly larger than the largest diameter of the twisted electrode 3, which is important for feeding the electrode 3 normally through the hose. For this reason, and further because the electrode 3 rests against the threads of the contact sleeve 48 in the contact tip 5 when a sufficiently long electrode 3 and hose 4 are used, the electrode 3 is arranged in the hose 4 35 so that it always has a wavy longitudinal profile, 34 72445 in this case, the length of the electrode 3 in the hose 4 is always somewhat longer than the length of the hose. If this difference in length is greater than the pitch of the threaded surface of the twisted electrode, then a certain elastic force generated in the wavy electrode 3 of the wavy 5 is sufficient to cause the desired pressing of the electrode 3 against the surface of the contact sleeve 48 for a relatively long time. An example of this case is manual semi-automatic welding.

If a relatively short guide hose 4 and a twisted electrode 3 are used, as is the case in automatic welding, where the difference in length is less than the pitch of the thread of the twisted electrode 3, or where the electrode 3 is not wavy at all, the above-mentioned pressing devices must be used. This is because due to the inevitable natural wear caused by friction during operation of the contact tip 5, a certain sleeve enters the pair of screws formed by the twisted electrode 3 and the contact sleeve 48, which causes the electrical contact of this pair to weaken and thus interferes with the whole welding process.

Therefore, the problem of using or omitting a special pressing device should be solved depending on the purpose, construction and application of the welding device. In this connection, it should also be noted that due to the helical shape of the contact channel 49, the natural wear of its surface can be very high when using pressing devices. This wear 30 is allowed up to the point where the actual threaded surface is still left and at which point it is still able to perform its functions. As a result, the service life of the contact tip 5 of such a structure is many times larger than the service life of conventional contact tips.

35 This is very important in many arc welding applications, 352445, specifically when performing arc welding in line manufacturing, whereby when replacing a worn tip, the entire production line has to be shut down, which causes additional production costs.

The arc welding method and apparatus of the present invention provides the following advantages over prior methods and apparatus.

First of all, it should be noted that applying the principle of combining the supply of a bundle electrode to the same function and the rotation of all electrode holes into a single twisted electrode performing a progressive rotational operation, the proposed method does not require complex special equipment for separate and prior rotation of electrode wires. for related polishing.

The proposed method provides better conditions for pushing the twisted electrode through the control hoses due to the larger contact area between the feed unit and the fed electrode, resulting in a sharp increase in the pushing force of the electrode 2Q through the hose. As a result, the problem associated with the development of welding equipment with a larger operating range of welding torches can be successfully solved by using only one push feed mechanism.

The proposed method also ensures that the welding process is performed because, firstly, the electrode is fed into the arc zone at a constant speed because slip of the electrode in the feed mechanism is completely eliminated over the entire welding conditions, 30 and secondly, because the electrical contact between the electrode and the contact tip is very reliable. the electrode contacts the tip on the threaded surface.

In addition, the proposed method significantly improves the welding speed (especially for welding in relatively narrow spaces), as 36 7 2 4 4 5 twisted electrodes with a considerable total cross-sectional area of up to 50 mm and 6,000 A and larger can be used. welding currents (depending on the cross-sectional area of the electrode), and because welding 5 can be performed using speeds of 1000 meters per hour and more. This method can be used for shielding gas and underwater arc welding of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals and various alloys based on these metals, with the welds 1Q being of good quality and their edges being made by standard welding methods typical of all conventional welding methods.

In addition to the conventional methods of adjusting welding dimensions, the proposed method provides a simple 15 and efficient mechanical adjustment over a fairly wide range. Such adjustment does not require a high level of professionalism on the part of the welders, as the use of the welding machine has become considerably easier. In addition, the adjustment according to the present method makes it possible to simplify and automate the control of welding dimensions simply by 2Q and to perform it according to the changes in the dimensions of the manufactured edges of the welds.

The device used to apply this method has a simpler structure, a lower specific consumption of raw materials and a significantly longer service life.

Together, these features make it possible to fully automate the welding process and perform it by feeding a twisted electrode with a large cross-sectional area through long guide hoses without affecting their flexibility, as well as significantly expanding the field of application of automated welding due to reduced welding torch size. -35 binding in the immediate vicinity of squirrels and electrode wire spools at a considerable distance from the welding site.

72445

Although certain embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications may be made thereto, and therefore the invention is not intended to be limited to the details and details of the arc welding method and apparatus discussed above. within the scope and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (8)

A method for light arc welding, in which a twisted melting (fusible) electrode formed of at least two non-insulated electrode wires is formed in a melting light zone zone, which is determined by a plurality of inputs. of the number of outer electrode trees forming the threads of the screw, whereby the electrode is fed in such a way that it is possible to control the dimensions of the weld to be made, characterized in that the twisted melting electrode (3) is formed. while being fed into the melting beacon zone (7) - by pinning the electrode threads (2) around an input shaft, causing the twisted melting electrode (3) to perform a predetermined rotary screw movement around and along the input shaft, while each tree (2) ) in the twisted melting electrode (3) moves along one and the same path of motion and is introduced into the melting beacon zone (7) at one and the same point, whereby an input velocity of the twisted melting electrode the ode (3) of the melting beacon zone (7) is determined by the relationship V = prn, where V is the feed rate of the twisted melting electrode (3), of the twisting screw pitch of the electrode threads (2), the speed of the twisted melting electrode (3) per unit time. 3Q n the number of outer electrode trees (2) to be twisted. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of a weld (11) produced using the twisted melting electrode (3) formed by two electrode trees (7) are controlled by in the melting beacon zone ( 7) changing the orientation of the end surface (12) of the twisted melting electrode (3) relative to the longitudinal axis of the weld (]] in a plane perpendicular to the input axis of the electrode (3). 3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the alignment of the end surface (12) of the twisted melting electrode (3) with respect to the longitudinal axis of the weld (11) to be produced in the the angular axis of the electrode (3) is altered in the melting pitch zone (7) by changing a so-called projection length, the twisted melting electrode (3) moves along its input axis within the limits of + 0.5 of a screw pitch of the electrode (3). ) length profile. 15 4. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the alignment of the end surface (12) of the twisted melting electrode (3) with respect to the longitudinal axis of the weld (11) to be produced in that of the electrode (3) the input axis angle. The straight plane 20 is changed in the melting cup zone (7) by rotating the electrode (3) about its input axis at an angle varying between 0 ° and 90 °. Apparatus for carrying out the method of light-arc welding according to any of claims 1-4, which device comprises a welding torch which is provided with a current-carrying point portion and which by means of a flexible control hose for inserting a melting electrode into the welding zone is connected to a feeder mechanism, which includes a reducer geared in a housing, and rotatable feeder rollers, which are adapted to move the melting electrode along its input shaft and rigidly attached to shafts which are connected with drive motor shaft, characterized in that each of the feed rollers (17) of the feeder mechanism (1) is constructed in the form of a cylinder, the peripheral surface of which is provided with 44 inputs with multiple inputs with a thread pitch equal to that of the twisted melting electrode (3) formed, while the feed gear (16) of the feeder mechanism (1) partly comprises a first gear, thus ensuring feed rollers (17) g in their center axes in one and the same direction and including two driven links (24) which, each one, are rigidly attached to the ends of the axes (18) of the feed rollers (17) on one and the same side of the feed rollers (17), and a single drive link (19), which is movably connected to the driven links (24) and the shaft of the drive motor (14). (15) and, second, a second gear which ensures a synchronous rotation of the two feed rollers (3.7) about the input shaft of the twisted digestible electrode (3) and includes a driven link (29) which is freely arranged at the ends of the feed rollers. (17) shafts (18) on one and the same side of the feed rollers (17), and a single drive link (28) which is movably connected to the driven link (29) of the second gear and to the shaft (15) of the drive motor (14), while the current supplied tip portion (5) comprises a contact 2Q sleeve (48) with an inner contact channel (49), the surface of which is provided with multi-input threads, the thread diameter, pitch and other inputs being equal to the diameter. the pitch, pitch, and number of inputs of the forged twisted fusible electrode (3) passing through the current supplying tip portion (5). 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the current supplying point (5) of the welding torch (6) further comprises a housing (50) surrounding a contact sleeve (48), to which an elastic element (51) is attached. is in contact with one end surface of the contact sleeve (48) and is intended to generate a force directed along the input shaft of the twisted digestible electrode 3. and intended to push the threads of the contact channel (49) of the contact sleeve (48) against the screw surface of the electrode (3). Il