FI70870B - FOERFARANDE FOER STYRANDE AV VINSCH SAMT VINSCH FOER UTFOERANDE AV FOERFARANDET - Google Patents

Description

70870

Method for controlling the winch and for implementing the winch method - Förfarande för styrande av vinsch samt vinch för utförande av förfarandet

The invention relates to a method for controlling a winch which is operable in connection with a traction device, respectively detachable from a traction device, and which winch comprises a work rope coil which rewinds the work rope and releases the work rope, respectively, and in which the control is performed by a control rope rewinding and unwinding. The invention also relates to a winch of the kind mentioned above for carrying out the method. This patent application uses as an example of a winch device according to the application a winch device used for harvesting timber in forestry work.

It is characteristic of previously known winches which include a work rope and a guide rope or rope to control the operation of the winch that the guide rope must be tightened or pulled outwards from the winch itself when it is desired for the winch to retract the work rope. Based on their operating principle, these currently known winches can be divided into two groups: 1. A winch with a simple friction clutch. The work rope reel can rotate freely if the guide wire is not tightened. To engage such a winch to pull, it is necessary to tighten the control rope so that the friction clutch between the work rope reel and the winch power source engages, after which the winch retracts the work rope until the counterforce caused by the work rope overcomes the force transmitted by the friction clutch. The winch control method is characterized in that the movement of the work rope or the load applied to it does not cause any desired feedback to the operation of the winch control member. Such a winch thus operates on the on / off principle, i.e. the winch starts when the guide wire is tightened and stops when the guide wire is loosened. If it is desired to adjust the traction force of the winch by 2 70870, this must be done by regulating the compressive force of the friction clutch, i.e. the tension of the control rope. An essential point in this known type of winch is that the guide rope moves only slightly (e.g. 0.5 m) and in a different direction from the work rope to start and during winching, i.e. when the rope is wound on the winch, the guide rope must be pulled away from the winch and vice versa.

A good example of the winch described above is the FI advertisement publication No. 50405 winch.

Finnish patent No. A winch operating on the principle of 59378, the operation of which is affected not only by the tension of the steering rope but also by its movement. Such a winch has certain advantages, described in patent 59378, compared to the simpler winch described above, e.g. the rotation angle of the work rope reel is more precisely controllable. As such, it is suitable, for example, for loading a forestry tractor where the winching distances are short, but long winching distances have the same problems as the above-mentioned winch.

The guide rope is made to move as much as desired in this winch, but it moves in a different direction than the work rope, i.e. when the guide rope is pulled out of the winch, the winch pulls the work rope in and vice versa. The work rope and the control rope are both or at least one always outside the winch.

The problem with both of the above-mentioned winches is that when the plot distance is long, the user has to handle the long guide rope in his hands and when approaching the winch with the log, the guide rope must be "flattened" by hand at all times, i.e. keep it taut. If, for example, the plot distance is 40 meters and the length of the guide rope is the same, the user has a 40 meter guide rope wrapped around the winch in his hands. In practice, the length of the guide rope is limited to about ten meters for the above-mentioned 3 70870 reasons, but this results in a new problem. If the length of the guide rope is less than the distance of the plot, the user must first attach the pliers to the log and then return to the guide rope and start the plot. In practice, however, it often happens that when the working rope is tightened, the skidding slips off and the user has to return to the log again, fasten the skipping scissors, move to the guide rope, etc.

In order to eliminate these difficulties, the so-called a "backpack radio", i.e. a device carried by the user of a winch on his back, which winds an extra guide rope under the force of a spring. The backpack radio is full of the control rope when the user is next to the winch, but empties when going away from the winch until it reaches the extreme limit of its operation, after which it can no longer hand over the control rope. Backpack radio is helpful, but the following shortcomings and difficulties remain:

The backpack radio can only hold about 30-40 meters of control rope, and if the log to be plotted is further away, the user must remove the backpack radio from his back and return the plugs to the backpack radio to start plotting. When using a winch, for example for harvesting thinning stands, the plot distances are often longer than the operating distance of the backpack radio.

When approaching the winch with the log, the control rope must be "flattened" by hand at all times, ie it must be kept taut.

When operating the winch on steep slopes, the operator may fall over during the run, as loosening of the control rope will release the friction clutch and the log may fall down the slope onto the winch operator. Indeed, in a few 4,70870 countries (eg West Germany), safety regulations require that when the steering rope loosens after starting winching, the work rope reel must be locked stationary.

British patent 805, 725 discloses a winch device structure, the operation of which is controlled by changing the direction of rotation of the electric motor driving the winch when the working rope is wound, i.e. pulled out. In order to prevent the work rope from being rewound during the rope extension phase, the winch is equipped with a free clutch in the unwinding direction and a friction brake, whereby the rope can be pulled out only against the force of this friction brake. In order to facilitate the handling of the cable required for controlling the operation of the motor, in one embodiment of the winch in question a winding drum is also connected to the winch for the control cable. The work rope drum and the control cable drum rotate in the same direction and wind the rope or cable in the same direction. To prevent the control cable from being overtightened, the control cable drum is equipped with a friction clutch. In this winch, the work rope and the control cable can thus be wound out, in and out in the same direction and at substantially the same speed. Ko. however, in the patent, the operation of the winch is controlled electrically by the control of the drive motor and not by the co-operation of the work rope reel and the guide rope reel, as in the mechanical winches to which the invention is directed.

The object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide a winch control method and a winch which makes work easier, faster and becomes safer and more comfortable. In order to achieve the above effects, the method and the winch are mainly characterized by the elements set out in claims 1 and 4.

The winch according to the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings without limiting it in any way

II

5 70870 a winch according to the invention to the structure according to the accompanying drawings, since the winch according to the invention can be implemented in many ways. The structure and operation of one embodiment of a winch according to the invention will be described in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a conceivable operating situation of the winch.

Figure 2 shows a partially sectioned side view of a winch according to the invention.

Figure 3 shows a jerk lock in a winch according to the invention.

Figure 4 shows a loose lock in a winch according to the invention.

Figure 5 is an axonometric view of a winch according to the invention.

Figure 6 shows a wedge member of a winch according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows the working situation after the user 46 has pulled the work rope 9 and the guide rope 15 out of the winch attached to the tractor 47 and further to the support 49 to be winched. The user 46 has attached the work wire 9 to the log 49 and is ready to start winching.

In order to better understand the idea of the invention, a winch structure invented for carrying out the method which is the subject of the invention will be described below, and then the method according to the invention by means of this structure.

The detailed structure of the winch is shown in Figures 2 and 5 of the drawing, in which the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. The winch consists of a frame 1, voimansyöttöakse-List 2, which rotates in the direction of arrow working winch 70870 June 3 direction. In the embodiment shown, a sprocket 4 is mounted on the shaft, through the toothed circumference of which the drive force is transmitted to the drive wheel 6 via the chain 5. The drive wheel 6 is mounted on a fixed shaft 7 resting on the frame 1 by a bearing 8. Immediately adjacent to the drive wheel 6 on the same shaft 7 is a drive pulley 10, as well as freely rotatable on the shaft 7. Furthermore, next to the work rope reel 10, a freely rotating guide rope reel 14 is mounted on the shaft 7. Both the work rope reel 10 and the guide rope reel 14 are mounted on the shaft 7 so as to slide in the longitudinal direction of the shaft. This axial movement is limited at one end of the winch by a thrust bearing 8 on which the drive wheel 6 rotates on the shaft and at the other end likewise by a thrust bearing 17 through which the guide rope reel 14 is in rolling contact with the winch body 1. The working rope 9 and the guide rope 15 are wound on their reels.

The winch further includes, as essential elements for operation, a rotating wedge 18 placed on the shaft 7 between the rope spools 10 and 14. The purpose of this rotating wedge is to cause the coils 10 and 14 to diverge relative to each other in the direction of the shaft 7 when the coils are rotated in certain opposite directions relative to each other, and to allow this axial distance to be reduced when the coils are rotated in opposite directions. The purpose of the mutual axial movement of the coils is to cause the friction clutch 12 which powers the coils to engage, respectively to open.

Said friction clutch 12 is located between the drive pulley 6 and the work rope spool 10, preferably in the vicinity of the spool end 11 and the circumference of the drive pulley 6, respectively, in order to ensure the transfer of full winding force with reasonable frictional forces.

Il 70870

When the spools 10 and 14 are forced axially apart by the rotating wedge member 18, the guide rope spool 10 rests on a stop bearing 17, whereby the working rope spool 10 moves on the shaft 7 towards the drive wheel. In this case, the friction clutch 12 locks and the drive force is transferred from the drive wheel 6 to the work rope reel 10 and further via the rotating wedge member 18 to the guide rope reel 14. The drive wheel 6, work rope reel 10 and guide rope reel 14

The part of the winch structure described above can be considered as a substantially known technique. Instead, it is essential for the invention how the pivot wedge member 18 is made to function expediently and how the intended operation of the pivot wedge member 18 is achieved by operating instructions transmitted from the control rope 15.

In the structure according to the invention, this object is achieved by placing a prestressed member, such as a coil spring 25, between the working rope spool 10 and the guide rope spool, which is prestressed so as to tend to rotate the spools 10 and 14 relative to each other in the axial direction of the rotary wedge member 18. The pre-tensioning of the spring member must be selected so as to cause the rotary wedge member 18 to have such a large axial expansion that the friction clutch 12 locks non-slip, allowing the work rope reel 10 to receive the full winch force transmitted by the drive wheel 6. This structure makes it possible to wind both the work rope 9 and the guide rope on their reels in parallel, whereby the ropes 9 and 15 are wound out of the winch and in parallel to the winch, respectively. If the coil diameters are still adapted to the rope thicknesses, the ropes will also rewind to their coils on average at the same speed. This winding arrangement of the working rope 8 70870 and the guide rope has not been possible in the mechanically controlled winches of the application prior to the present invention.

The situation described above constitutes the full capacity of the winch. If it is desired to slow down the winding speed, i.e. the winching speed, or to temporarily stop the winching, the work rope reel 10 and the guide rope reel 14 must be twisted relative to each other so that the friction clutch 12 slips or opens completely from the transmission connection with the drive wheel 6. This is achieved in the winch according to the invention by braking the winding of the guide rope 15 during winching, whereby a force is provided which tends to rotate the coils 10 and 14 relative to each other against the force of the spring member 25. In this case, the rotating wedge shaft converges in the direction of its axis and the coils 10 and 14 can approach each other and the friction clutch 12 can slip or open, depending on the resisting force applied to the rope 15. This provides a very useful opportunity for the winch user to control the winching process.

Once the ropes 9 and 15 have been wound on their spools, they can be pulled out with reasonable force by pulling both ropes. In this case, the coils 10 and 14 must be displaced relative to each other against the action of the spring member 25 as when the winding is interrupted, i.e. the rotating wedge member 18 must be compressed in its axial direction so that the friction clutch 12 can open, both coils rotating freely and the simultaneous and parallel pulling of the ropes is easy. However, due to the structure, neither rope can be pulled out completely loose, but a small resistance force remains in the pull-out, so that the ropes cannot get involved in their reels.

9 70870

However, if it is desired that the ropes can be pulled out of their reels without resistance, the winch can be provided with a lock according to a further feature of the invention, the so-called a jerk lock 26 for locking the coils 10 and 14 to each other in positions where they are rotated against the action of the spring member 25 so much that the friction clutch 12 is fully open. The structure of this lock is best seen in Figure 3, which shows one embodiment of the jerk lock 26. The jerk lock 26 includes a counterpart 35 mounted on the end plate 33 of the work rope reel 10 with a groove 34 of a certain shape and a tightly pivotable tongue 36 mounted on the guide rope reel 14 which protrudes into the groove 34 of the counterpiece 35 as the work rope reel 10 and guide rope reel 22 are rotated 21 according to. If the starting point for the examination is a situation in which the jerk lock is free, the operation of the tongue 36 and the counterpart 35 is as follows:

When the guide rope reel 14 is first jerked, the tongue 36 protrudes in the groove 34 up to point 37, after which the inventive twisting of the reels 10 and 14 is prevented by the stopper 38 ceasing to act and the spring 25 rotating the reels 10 and 14 in the opposite direction to the jerking force 39 the tongue 36 moves to point 40, where it remains unless a new jerk from the guide rope 15 occurs. In this case, the friction surfaces of the friction clutch 12 are separate and both, the working rope 9 and the guide rope 15 can be unwound from their coils 10 and 14 without resistance. The winch user can then easily pull the ropes towards the object to be winched, for example the log or bundle of logs, and lower the guide rope freely without the rope tending to rewind the winch, as is the case if the device does not include this locking member 26. This facilitates work in the load securing phase.

10 70870

When the guide rope 15 is jerked again, the tongue 36 does not move, thanks to the guide 41, back to point 37, but to point 42, where its movement is stopped by the stop 38. When the jerking force 39 ceases to act again and the spring 25 rotates the coils 10 and 14 according to arrow pairs 23 and 24, can leave the tongue 36 along the track 35 until a groove 34 of the arrow 43 along the path shown a jerk-lock opens. In this case, the coils 10 and 14 rotate with each other under the action of the spring 25 to a position where the friction clutch 12 locks and the winching begins.

According to a further feature of the invention, the winch can be provided with an additional locking member which facilitates work and improves work safety, the so-called "Loose trap". Its function is to feel the tension of the control rope and if the tightening force of the control rope falls below the operating threshold of the lock, it prevents the rotation of the control rope reel and thus the winding of the control rope and further the working rope into the winch. In practice, the lock works when the winch user releases his grip on the control rope during winching. The lock also works when the winch user gives the control rope to the winch faster than it has time, limited by its rotational speed.

The purpose of the loose lock is, above all, to act as a safety device in a winch which retracts the guide wire at the same time as the work cable. When the user loses his grip on the control rope, e.g. as a result of a fall, the loose lock stops the winching and prevents a possible accident.

Another function of the loose lock is to make work easier, ie when the user wants to stop the winch temporarily (eg if he wants to move safely to the other side of the log and the work cable), he only needs to loosen the guide rope and the loose lock stops the winch mechanism (another option is to tighten the guide rope, 12 opens by the action of the rotating wedge 18). The loose lock not only stops the winching but also prevents the load from flowing backwards, ie in an operating situation where the load at the end of the work cable hangs in the air, the loose lock stops the winch mechanism, but the load cannot fall.

To open the loose lock, tighten the control cord again so that the tightening force exceeds the force required to open the loose lock. In this case, the loose lock opens and allows the guide wire and further the work wire to rewind inside the winch unless the tightening force of the guide wire falls below the operating limit of the loose lock again, etc.

The structure of the loose lock can be, for example, according to Fig. 4. The loose lock 28 consists of a toothing 29 in the guide rope spool 14, a rocker arm 30 mounted on the winch body 1 by a bearing 44 and a cam 31 at the end of the rocker arm and a steering rope pivot wheel 32 and a loose lock operating threshold spring 45. the described jerk lock is open, the winch power take-off shaft rotates, there is an air-suspended load at the end of the rope and the control rope is in the user's hand, but he does not allow it to rewind inside the winch, the operation of the loose lock is as follows.

The user exerts a force F1 on the control rope which, together with the force? 2, cancels the force F3 caused by the spring 45. If the user 46 releases holding of the control cable 15, the wheel 32 will be lost forces acting on F ^ and F 2 and the spring 45 is able to turn the swing arm 30 in the direction of the arrow 50. The rocker arm 30 pivots until its cam 31 is pressed into the recess of one of the teeth on the ring gear 12 70870 52 and has stopped the rotation of the guide rope reel 14. The work rope reel 10 then tends to rotate in the unwinding direction when pulled by the load, but this mutual rotational movement of the reels opens the rotation wedge 18, whereby the friction clutch 12 bites again to such an extent that the work rope reel 10 remains substantially in place. Even if the winch loses its driving force at this stage, the coils 10 and 14 wedge against each other as the rotation wedge 18 opens, and lock through the rocker arm 30 to the winch body.

The invention is further clarified by means of the following functional description, in which the winch is required to include both of the locks described above.

It is assumed that the winch according to the invention is mounted behind the tractor and the output shaft of the tractor rotates, giving the winch the operating energy it needs. The winch user grabs the end of the control rope, and if the jerk lock is locked, he can pull it out of the winch almost without resistance, but if the jerk lock is not locked, the winch pulls the control rope in with a certain force that the user can easily overcome. If the user does not want to pull the control rope and the work rope to the log so that the force described above always resists pulling, he must lock the jerk lock before he can pull the ropes to the log. The locking of the jerk lock is done by sharply jerking the control rope and it is best to do it first when the ropes are pulled out of the winch.

After locking the jerk lock, the work rope and the control rope can be pulled to the log to be winched almost without resistance. The working rope and the steering rope are unloaded from the winch at almost the same rate, ie when the user reaches the log, both the working rope and the steering rope have unloaded the same number of largest circuits.

Claims (9)

13 70870 At this point, the user can lower both ropes and they will not be attracted to the winch. After securely attaching the work rope to the log, the user takes the control rope in his hand and jerks it sharply to release the jerk lock, whereby the winch begins to pull the control rope in with a force that is easily overcome by the user. When the user allows the control rope to rewind to the winch, the winch also winds the work rope in at the same rate as the control rope. The winch itself adjusts the traction it exerts on the work rope so that the work rope winds on the winch at the same rate as the guide rope. The user only needs to walk towards the winch at his own pace and keep the control rope at a suitable tightness, so that the log to be winched follows the same pace with him. If the user stumbles during winching and loses grip on the control rope, the loose lock stops the winching until the user, after getting up, tightens the control rope again above the operating threshold of the loose lock and the winching can continue. After winching the log close enough to the tractor, the operator can stop winching by letting the control rope loosen, leaving the work rope taut or better, jerking the control rope onto the jerk lock, loosening the rope, and after removing the log, both ropes can be pulled freely to the next log. A method for controlling the operation of a winch comprising a drive rope (10) for rewinding or releasing a work rope (10), which is connected to the drive in connection with the drive device (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and retracts the drive rope (9), respectively, from the drive drive, , respectively with a retractable guide rope (15), characterized in that the guide rope (15) is provided with a tendency to retract, that the working rope reel (10) is retracted by allowing the guide rope to retract relative to the working rope (9) and that the retraction speed of the working rope is limited , respectively, the retraction of the work rope is stopped by limiting the retraction of the guide rope with respect to the retraction of the work rope. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the retraction of the working rope (9) is effected by allowing the guide rope (15) to retract a certain advance distance from the working rope and that the retraction speed of the working rope is limited, respectively the retracting of the working rope is stopped by limiting the retraction of the working rope so that the retraction of the working rope slows down in relation to the distance left by the guide rope, correspondingly stops when the distance left by the guide rope becomes equal to the aforementioned advance distance. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tension of the guide rope (15) is monitored (45), that when the tension falls below a predetermined value (F3) a stopping (29, 30, 31) retraction of the guide rope and, consequently, stopping or locking of the working rope reel the restart of the guidewire and the retraction of the working rope is effected by tightening the guidewire beyond said predetermined value. Winch for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the winch consists of a drive wheel (6) mounted on a fixed shaft (7) freely rotatable, such as a sprocket, freely rotatable adjacent to the drive wheel and limited axially mounted on the rope reel (10) / on the side of the rope reel adjacent to the drive wheel, on the shaft (7) mounted on the shaft (7) freely rotating and axially restricted, mounted on the rope reel (14), mounted on the shaft (7), limiting the axial movement of the coils (10, 14) 17), a rotary wedge member (18) mounted on the shaft (7) between the spools (10, 14) and a friction clutch (12) mounted between the work rope reel (10) and the drive wheel (6), and means for forcing the work rope reel (10) and the guide rope reel (14) to rotate by force relative to each other to extend the splitting wedge (18) direction. Winch according to claim 4, characterized in that the member forcing the rotation of the working rope reel (10) and the guide rope reel is a helical spring (25), one end of which is attached to the end of the working rope reel (10) and the opposite end to the end of the guide rope reel (14). is biased with a certain force to rotate the coils in opposite directions, extending the rotation wedge (18). Winch according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it has a locking element (26) between the working rope reel (10) and the guide rope reel (14) for locking the working rope reel (10) and the steering rope reel (14) to each other in a tensioned state. corresponding mutual twisted position. Winch according to Claim 6, characterized in that the locking element (26) can be locked, i.e. opened, 70870 by means of two successive pullings applied to the guide rope (15). Winch according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it has means for locking the guide wire spool (14) to the winch body (1) when the tightening of the guide wire (15) falls below a certain preselected value. Winch according to claim 8, characterized in that the locking member consists of a toothed member (29) fixedly attached to the guide rope spool, a lever member (30) pivotally attached to the winch body (1), adapted at its free end to engage the toothedness of the toothed member (29) (15) a tension relative to the set spring force (45), the arrangement being selected such that when the tensioning force of the guide rope falls below the spring force lever member is locked in the notch (29) and correspondingly released from the notch when the tensioning force of the guide rope exceeds the spring force. 70870 Patentkrav;