FI66641C - ADJUSTMENT OF FULL STANDARD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COLUMN AEMNEN - Google Patents

Description

I- I M ADVERTISEMENT,, M <”) utlAggningsskript 666 41 ^ ^ (51) K» jk ^ fim.a? C 10 J 3/66 FINLAND — FINLAND pi) r ~~ «** ~ m - *** ~ w. *** t 80161.9 (rq ------ r— * ------ --- rJt 2i.o5.8o (23) AfapIMI— Cfc% ll »M <H 21.05.80 (41) ΤΜκΜΜμΜ —23.11.80 Changed · j> raldatarflMintH · Mj \ tWitmiulpM« i | i to <Jufaiwi i. ...

M · »OCh rfIrtwtyfhn '* AiwBI— od>» djfcrlitaM ^ Jtteirarf 31-07.84 (32) (33) (31) Pn ** «r weaws-aHW prtor *« t 22.05-79 France-France (FR) 7912951 ( 71) Sociätö Usines Lambiotte, 20, rue Auguste-Vacquerie, Paris-XVIe, France-France (FR) (72) Bruno Georges, Premery, France-France (FR) (74) Berggren Oy Ab (54) Method for carbonaceous -Förfarande för fullständig förgasning av kolhaltiga ämnen

The present invention relates to a process for the complete gasification of carbonaceous substances, which process can operate either continuously or intermittently and which produces a completely purified gas.

There are numerous disadvantages to the gas generators currently in use. Some of these disadvantages are related to the fact that the conversion of fuel to gas by oxygen and possibly water vapor usually takes place simultaneously with pyrolysis, when, in order to develop a fully purified gas, it should take place only after pyrolysis and cracking of pyrolysis products. For this reason, harmful, incompletely modified products contaminate the product gas and make it unsuitable for immediate use without expensive and environmentally polluting special treatment. Even the catalytic effect of charcoal at 900 ° C, although said to promote the cracking of coarse products of wood pyrolysis, has proved insufficient as it leaves a large proportion, up to more than 50%, of these coarse products in the gas that has passed through the charcoal.

66641 2

In addition, when poor fuels are used, the continuous operation of existing gas generators is quite difficult, especially due to reactive deposits and local coking. In practice, current gas generators are not able to operate for more than 24 hours at a time.

The present invention overcomes the above disadvantages and provides a process for the complete gasification of carbonaceous materials which is capable of operating continuously or intermittently, producing a gas completely purified from any fuel of sufficient calorific value which can be used immediately, for example in a heat engine.

According to the process of the invention, efficient pyrolysis of the material to be gasified is carried out first, preferably in a reducing environment. "Efficient pyrolysis" as used herein means pyrolysis that is sufficiently efficient not to yield a product containing tars, i. pyrolysis, which results in a product with a high carbon content. This efficient pyrolysis produces pyroligno vapors as well as a product with a high carbon content.

Some of these pyroligno vapors can be used to provide, when burned, the energy required to convert a carbonaceous material into a product with a high carbon content. This process according to the invention is characterized in that all or part of the pyroligno vapor is subjected to efficient decomposition, resulting in a gas whose anhydrous part no longer contains only products which do not condense under normal temperature and pressure conditions, and that this gas is returned in large quantities. to a carbon-containing product that is gasifying. This conversion occurs by producing energy that is recovered at a later stage in the process. The purified product gas is removed from the gas generator.

Said decomposition must be sufficiently efficient to produce products which can be converted into gases. It can be combustion, for example catalytic combustion, or even cracking, catalytic or not.

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Carbonaceous materials that can be converted to gases according to the invention include, for example, carbonaceous products of vegetable or petrification origin, such as wood, lignite, peat, various vegetable wastes and bituminous shales.

The process according to the invention results in a gas which no longer contains coarse pyrolysis products and can be used unpurified even in diesel-type heat engines and requires nothing more than simple cooling by injecting water if condensation is necessary to obtain a sufficient cylinder filling ratio, and where necessary, filtration to remove solid particles. The calorific value of the gases obtained varies between about 1000 and 2000 kcal / m when operating in air under normal temperature and pressure conditions, depending on the quality of the feedstock and the cooling of the product gas.

The accompanying Figures 1 and 2, in which the direction of rotation of the various media is indicated by arrows, illustrate, without limiting the invention, its embodiments.

The gas generator according to Figure 1 consists of several main zones, which are: - the supply zone A, to which the material to be converted into gas is fed by means of a suitable device. The material can be fed continuously and the zone does not necessarily have to be equipped with a shut-off device.

- Pyrolysis zone P, where the substance to be converted into a gas is converted into a substance with a high carbon content under the action of heat and into another part into pyroligno vapors.

The pyroligno vapors circulate through the mass to be pyrolyzed and are led to the furnace F1 by means of a fan V1. This circuit of pyroligno vapors is mixed with a certain amount of air to satisfy the heat demand of the pyrolysis by combusting a portion of the pyroligno vapors. In the furnace F1, the unburned pyroligno vapors and the combustion products of the burnt part thereof are sucked out into the pipe T1 by the suction fan V2. The mixture is completely burned in an additional furnace F2, which converts the coarse products, especially those produced by pyrolysis, into combustion products such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, etc.

66641 4 - Gas conversion zone G, where a carbon-rich substance is converted into a gas by means of an oxidizing gas such as air or oxygen, with or without water vapor. The gases coming from the furnace F2 are injected into the substance to be converted into a gas mixed with said oxidizing gas. In this way, any thermal energy obtained in the furnace F1 is recovered in an integrated manner in the gas generator, with the exception of heat losses. In addition, the water vapor contained in the gases entering the pipe T2 contributes to the increase of hydrogen formation as the water vapor is reduced. The product gas, which does not contain tar, is taken out down the pipe T3. In the preheater E, part of the temperature heat of the product gas can be recovered, e.g. by heating the air consumed by the gas generator, which is supplied to it by the fan V3.

- Ash removal zone S, consisting of a sealed enclosure from which the desired amount of ash can be removed.

The form shown in Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the product gas from the outlet end of the preheater E is used to satisfy the heat needs of drying and pyrolysis. The hot gases for drying and pyrolysis are injected through ring C1, while the hot product gas is taken out through ring C2. These rings show the same parts as the tubes T1 and T3, respectively, in Figure 1.

The pyroligno vapor is completely removed by means of a suction fan V2, to be completely combusted in the furnace F2 before being re-injected into the pipe T2.

The furnace Fl satisfies the heat demand of the pyrolysis at the expense of the product gas consumption supplied to it by the fan VI. Without the need to satisfy the fan V3.

The following example illustrates the invention without limiting it. Example A gasifier of the shape shown in Figure 1 was used. At the following temperatures: 66641 5

- at F1 600 ° C

At F2 950 ° C and

- at 1000 ° C

T3 gave 1 kg per very moist wood, 1.8 Nm ^ of gas, the composition of which per 100 volume units was as follows: - CO2 15 volume units.

- 02 0.2 - CO 10 - H2 17 - CH 4 1,8 - N 2 plus substances 56 vol.

Claims (8)

66641 6 A process for the complete gasification of carbonaceous materials, which process comprises first carrying out efficient pyrolysis of the gas to be converted to gas, preferably in a reducing environment which gives pyroligno vapors in part and a high carbon product in part, characterized in that all or part of the pyroligno vapors are leads to a gas, the anhydrous part of which no longer contains only products which are non-condensable under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, that the gas is returned to the high-carbon product to be converted into gas and that the purified product gas is removed. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that some of the pyroligno vapors are used for pyrolysis. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the decomposition is combustion. Process according to Claim 3, characterized in that the combustion is catalytic combustion. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the decomposition is cracking. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that the cracking is catalytic cracking. 1. Fertilizers for the manufacture of whole pyrolysis plants, for example, for the manufacture of an efficient pyrolysis plant for the purposes of reducing the total energy, av att en effektiv decekosition utföres pä pyrolignoängorna i sin helhet. ./ or, in the case of gas, at the same time, the product is at its normal temperature and at a temperature equal to or greater than that of the condenser,