EP0029040A1 - Process for a complete gasification of carbonaceous materials - Google Patents

Process for a complete gasification of carbonaceous materials

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Publication number
EP0029040A1
EP0029040A1 EP80900925A EP80900925A EP0029040A1 EP 0029040 A1 EP0029040 A1 EP 0029040A1 EP 80900925 A EP80900925 A EP 80900925A EP 80900925 A EP80900925 A EP 80900925A EP 0029040 A1 EP0029040 A1 EP 0029040A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
pyrolysis
gasification
carried out
hand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80900925A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Bruno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Usines Lambiotte
Original Assignee
Usines Lambiotte
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Usines Lambiotte filed Critical Usines Lambiotte
Publication of EP0029040A1 publication Critical patent/EP0029040A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1253—Heating the gasifier by injecting hot gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a complete gasification process of carbonaceous materials, which can operate continuously or discontinuously, leading to a completely purified gas.
  • the gasifiers currently used have many drawbacks. Some of these drawbacks are linked to the fact that the transformation of the fuel into gas under the action of oxygen and possibly water vapor takes place most often simultaneously with pyrolysis whereas, to produce a perfectly purified gas, it should only occur after pyrolysis and cracking of pyrolysis products. Consequently, incompletely transformed harmful products contaminate the gas produced and make it unfit for direct use without a special treatment which is costly and polluting.
  • the present invention overcomes the above drawbacks and provides a process for the complete gasification of carbonaceous materials, capable of operating continuously or discontinuously, producing from any fuel of sufficient calorific value, a completely purified gas, suitable for direct use, for example in a heat engine.
  • an extensive pyrolysis of the material to be gasified preferably in a reducing medium.
  • extentensive pyrolysis is meant a sufficiently extensive pyrolysis not to provide a product containing tars, that is to say a pyrolysis leading to a product with a high carbon content. This extensive pyrolysis provides pyroligneous vapors and a product with a high carbon content.
  • a part of these pyroligneous vapors can be used to supply, by combustion, the energy necessary for the transformation of the carbonaceous material into. high carbon product.
  • the process of the invention is characterized by the fact that an extensive degradation of all or part of the pyroligneous vapors is carried out, which leads to a gas, the anhydrous part of which only contains products which cannot be condensed under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, and by the fact that this gas is brought back to the product with a high carbon content being in the course of gasification. This transformation takes place with the production of energy which is subsequently recovered in the process.
  • the purified gas produced is extracted from the gasifier.
  • Said degradation must be sufficient to give gasifiable products. It can be combustion, for example catalytic combustion, or else catalytic cracking or not.
  • the carbonaceous materials which can be gasified according to the invention are carbon products, for example of vegetable or fossil origin such as wood, lignite, peat, various plant residues and bituminous shales.
  • the process of the invention results in a gas no longer containing heavy pyrolysis products and it can be used without purification, even in thermal engines of the Diesel-Gas type and requires only simple cooling. with water purge in case of condensation, to obtain a sufficient filling rate of the cylinders, and possibly a filtration to remove solid particles if necessary.
  • the calorific value of the gases obtained varies between approximately 1,000 and 2,000 Kcal / m 3 , in operation in air, under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, depending on the quality of the supply and the cooling of the gas produced.
  • the gasifier in Figure 1 is made up of several main zones: - A supply zone A, into which the material to be gasified is introduced by means of an appropriate device.
  • the material can be introduced continuously and the area does not necessarily have to be closed.
  • a pyrolysis zone P where the material to be gasified is transformed under the action of heat, on the one hand into material with a high carbon content, on the other hand into pyroligneous vapors.
  • the pyroligneous vapors circulate through the mass during pyrolysis and are directed by means of the fan V1 towards the hearth F1.
  • a quantity of air is mixed with this circulation of pyroligneous vapors so as to ensure, by combustion of a part of the pyroligneous vapors, the calorific needs of the pyrolysis.
  • the pyroligneous vapors unburnt in the hearth F1 as well as the combustion products relating to the burnt part are extracted in the pipe T1 by the fan V2.
  • the mixture is incinerated in the annex F2 hearth, which in particular transforms the heavy products from pyrolysis into combustion products such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, etc.
  • a gasification zone G where the material with high carbon content is transformed into gas under the action of an oxidizing gas such as air or oxygen, whether or not accompanied by water vapor.
  • the gases from the F2 hearth are injected into the material during gasification in admixture with said oxidizing gas.
  • the heat energy possibly obtained in the hearth F1 is fully recovered in the gasifier, except for the heat losses.
  • the water vapor present in the gases from T2 contributes to increasing the production of hydrogen by reduction of the water vapor.
  • the gas produced, free of tar, is drawn off through the pipe T3. Part of the sensible heat of the gas produced can be recovered in the economizer E by preheating the air consumed by the gasifier, supplied by the fan V3.
  • An ash extraction zone S consisting of a sealed airlock allowing the desired quantity of ash to be extracted.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the gas produced at the outlet of the exchanger E is used to meet the heat requirements for drying and pyrolysis.
  • the injection of hot gases intended for drying and pyrolysis is carried out by means of a crown C1, while the recovery of the hot product gas is carried out by means of a crown C2.
  • the crowns respectively play the same role as the tubes T1 and T3 shown in Figure 1.
  • the fireplace F1 provides the heat needs for pyrolysis at the expense of consumption of the gas produced, brought by the fan V1. Air requirements are met by the V3 fan.
  • the following example illustrates the invention without limiting it.
  • a gasifier having the configuration of Figure 1 was used. With the following temperatures:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Procede de gazeification complete de matieres carbonees dans lequel on effectue d'abord une pyrolyse poussee de la matiere a gazeifier, de preference en milieu reducteur, qui fournit d'une part des vapeurs pyroligneuses, d'autre part un produit a haute teneur en carbone caracterise par le fait que l'on effectue une degradation poussee de tout ou partie desdites vapeurs pyroligneuses conduisant a un gaz dont la partie anhydre ne contient plus que des produits incondensables dans les conditions ordinaires de temperature et pression, et que l'on ramene ledit gaz sur ledit produit a haute teneur en carbone se trouvant en cours de gazeification et que l'on extrait le gaz epure produit. Le procede de l'invention conduit a un gaz ne contenant plus de produits lourds de pyrolyse et il peut etre utilise sans epuration chimiquement ou dans un moteur thermique.Process for the complete gasification of carbonaceous materials, in which a first pyrolysis is carried out of the material to be gasified, preferably in a reducing medium, which provides on the one hand pyroligneous vapors, on the other hand a product with high carbon content characterized by the fact that a thorough degradation is carried out of all or part of said pyroligneous vapors leading to a gas whose anhydrous part no longer contains anything but incondensable products under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, and that said gas on said product with a high carbon content being in the course of gasification and that the pure gas produced is extracted. The process of the invention leads to a gas no longer containing heavy pyrolysis products and it can be used without purification chemically or in a heat engine.

Description

"Procédé de gazéification complète de matières carbonées""Complete gasification process for carbonaceous materials"
La présente invention concerne un procédé de gazéification complète de matières carbonées, pouvant fonctionner en continu ou en discontinu, conduisant à un gaz complètement épuré. Les gazogènes utilisés actuellement présentent de nombreux inconvénients. Certains de ces inconvénients sont liés au fait que la transformation du combustible en gaz sous l'action de l'oxygène et éventuellement de la vapeur d ' eau a lieu le plus souvent simultanément à la pyrolyse alors que, pour produire un gaz parfaitement épuré, elle ne devrait intervenir qu'après la pyrolyse et le craquage des produi.ts de pyrolyse. De ce fait, des produits nuisibles incomplètement transformés souillent le gaz produit et le rendent impropre à une utilisation directe sans un traitement spécial qui est coûteux et polluant. Même l'action catalytique à 900°C du charbon de bois, pourtant réputé pour favoriser le craquage des produits lourds de la pyrolyse du bois, s'est avérée insuffisante puisqu'elle laisse subsister une partie importante, pouvant dépasser 50 %, desdits produits lourds dans le gaz ayant traversé le charbon de bois.The present invention relates to a complete gasification process of carbonaceous materials, which can operate continuously or discontinuously, leading to a completely purified gas. The gasifiers currently used have many drawbacks. Some of these drawbacks are linked to the fact that the transformation of the fuel into gas under the action of oxygen and possibly water vapor takes place most often simultaneously with pyrolysis whereas, to produce a perfectly purified gas, it should only occur after pyrolysis and cracking of pyrolysis products. Consequently, incompletely transformed harmful products contaminate the gas produced and make it unfit for direct use without a special treatment which is costly and polluting. Even the catalytic action at 900 ° C of charcoal, however reputed to favor the cracking of heavy products from the pyrolysis of wood, has proved to be insufficient since it leaves a significant part, possibly exceeding 50%, of said products heavy in gas having passed through charcoal.
En outre, avec des combustibles pauvres, le fonctionnement en continu des gazogènes actuels est très difficile du fait notamment des dépδts parasites de goudrons et des cokéfactions locales. En pratique les gazogènes actuels ne peuvent pas fonctionner plus de 24 heures d'affilée.In addition, with poor fuels, the continuous operation of current gas generators is very difficult due in particular to parasitic tar deposits and local coking. In practice current gas generators cannot operate for more than 24 hours at a stretch.
La présente invention pallie les inconvénients cidessus et fournit un procédé de gazéification complète de matières carbonées, pouvant fonctionner en continu ou en discontinu, produisant à partir de tout combustible d'un pouvoir calorifique suffisant, un gaz complètement épuré, apte à une utilisation directe, par exemple dans un moteur thermique. Selon le procédé de l'invention on' effectue d'à bord une pyrolyse poussée de la matière à gazéifier, de préférence en milieu réducteur. Par "pyrolyse poussée" on entend une pyrolyse suffisamment poussée pour ne pas fournir un produit contenant des goudrons, c'est-à-dire une py rolyse conduisant à un produit à haute teneur en carbone. Cette pyrolyse poussée fournit des vapeurs pyroligneuses et un produit à haute teneur en carbone.The present invention overcomes the above drawbacks and provides a process for the complete gasification of carbonaceous materials, capable of operating continuously or discontinuously, producing from any fuel of sufficient calorific value, a completely purified gas, suitable for direct use, for example in a heat engine. According to the method of the invention, 'from on board an extensive pyrolysis of the material to be gasified, preferably in a reducing medium. By "extensive pyrolysis" is meant a sufficiently extensive pyrolysis not to provide a product containing tars, that is to say a pyrolysis leading to a product with a high carbon content. This extensive pyrolysis provides pyroligneous vapors and a product with a high carbon content.
On peut utiliser une partie de ces vapeurs pyroligneuses pour fournir, par combustion, l'énergie nécessaire à la transformation de la matière carbonée en. produi à haute teneur en carbone. Le procédé de l'invention est caractérisé par le fait que l'on effectue une dégradation poussée de tout ou partie des vapeurs pyroligneuses qui conduit à un gaz dont la partie anhydre ne contient plus que des produits incondensables dans les conditions normal de température et de pression, et par le fait que l'on ramène ce gaz sur le produit à haute teneur en carbone se trouvant en cours de gazéification. Cette transformation s'effectue avec production d'énergie qui est récupérée par la suite dans le procédé. Le gaz épuré produit est extrait du gazogène.A part of these pyroligneous vapors can be used to supply, by combustion, the energy necessary for the transformation of the carbonaceous material into. high carbon product. The process of the invention is characterized by the fact that an extensive degradation of all or part of the pyroligneous vapors is carried out, which leads to a gas, the anhydrous part of which only contains products which cannot be condensed under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, and by the fact that this gas is brought back to the product with a high carbon content being in the course of gasification. This transformation takes place with the production of energy which is subsequently recovered in the process. The purified gas produced is extracted from the gasifier.
Ladite dégradation doit être suffisamment pouss pour donner des produits gazéifiables. Elle peut être une combustion, par exemple une combustion catalytique, ou bien un craquage catalytique ou non.Said degradation must be sufficient to give gasifiable products. It can be combustion, for example catalytic combustion, or else catalytic cracking or not.
Les matières carbonées pouvant être gazéifiées selon l'invention sont les produits carbonés, par exemple d'origine végétale ou fossile tels les bois, la lignite, la tourbe, les résidus végétaux divers et les schistes bitumineux.The carbonaceous materials which can be gasified according to the invention are carbon products, for example of vegetable or fossil origin such as wood, lignite, peat, various plant residues and bituminous shales.
Le procédé de l'invention conduit à un gaz ne contenant plus de produits lourds de pyrolyse et il peut êt utilisé sans épuration, même dans des moteurs thermiques du genre Diesel-Gas et ne nécessite qu'un simple refroidissement avec purge de l'eau en cas de condensation, pour obtenir un taux de remplissage suffisant des cylindres, et éventuellement une filtration pour éliminer les particules solides si nécessaire. Le pouvoir calorifique des gaz obtenus varie entre environ 1 000 et 2 000 Kcal/m3, en fonctionnement à l'air, dans les conditions normales de température et pression, selon la qualité de l'alimentation et le refroidissement du gaz produit.The process of the invention results in a gas no longer containing heavy pyrolysis products and it can be used without purification, even in thermal engines of the Diesel-Gas type and requires only simple cooling. with water purge in case of condensation, to obtain a sufficient filling rate of the cylinders, and possibly a filtration to remove solid particles if necessary. The calorific value of the gases obtained varies between approximately 1,000 and 2,000 Kcal / m 3 , in operation in air, under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, depending on the quality of the supply and the cooling of the gas produced.
Des modes de réalisation de la présente invention sont illustrés de façon non limitative par les Figures 1 et 2 annexées où le sens de circulation des divers fluides est indiqué par des flèches.Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated without limitation by Figures 1 and 2 attached where the direction of flow of the various fluids is indicated by arrows.
Le gazogène de la Figure 1 est composé de plusieurs zones principales : - Une zone d'alimentation A, où est introduite la matière à gazéifier au moyen d'un dispositif approprié. La matière peut être introduite en continu et la zone n'est pas obligatoirement munie d'un dispositif de fermeture.The gasifier in Figure 1 is made up of several main zones: - A supply zone A, into which the material to be gasified is introduced by means of an appropriate device. The material can be introduced continuously and the area does not necessarily have to be closed.
- Une zone de pyrolyse P, où la matière à gazéifier est transformée sous l'action de la chaleur, d'une part en matière à haute teneur en carbone, d'autre part en vapeurs pyroligneuses.- A pyrolysis zone P, where the material to be gasified is transformed under the action of heat, on the one hand into material with a high carbon content, on the other hand into pyroligneous vapors.
Les vapeurs pyroligneuses circulent à travers la masse en cours de pyrolyse et sont dirigées au moyen du ventilateur V1 vers le foyer F1. Une quantité d'air est mélangée à cette circulation de vapeurs pyroligneuses de façon à assurer, par combustion d'une partie des vapeurs pyroligneuses, les besoins calorifiques de la pyrolyse. Les vapeurs pyroligneuses imbrûlées dans le foyer F1 ainsi que les produits de combustion relatifs à la partie brûlée sont extraits dans la tubulure T1 par le ventilateur V2. Le mélange est incinéré dans le foyer annexe F2 qui transforme en particulier les produits lourds issus de la pyrolyse en produits de combustion tels que diαxyde de carbone, monoxyde de carbone, eau, etc.. - Une zone de gazéification G où la matière à haute teneur en carbone est transformée en gaz sous l'action d'un gaz oxydant tel que l'air ou l'oxygène, accompagné ou non de vapeur d'eau. Les gaz issus du foyer F2 y sont injectés sur la matière en cours de gazéification en mélange avec ledit gaz oxydant. De cette façon, l'énergie calorifique éventuellement obtenue dans le foyer F1 est intégralement récupérée dans le gazogène, aux pertes calorifiques près. En outre, la vapeur d'eau présente dans les gaz issus de T2 contribue à augmenter la production d'hydrogène par réduction de la vapeur d'eau. Le gaz produit, exempt de goudrons, est soutiré à la tubulure T3. On peut récupérer dans l' économiseur E une partie de la chaleur sensible du gaz produit en préchauffant l'air consommé par le gazogène, amené par le ventilateur V3.The pyroligneous vapors circulate through the mass during pyrolysis and are directed by means of the fan V1 towards the hearth F1. A quantity of air is mixed with this circulation of pyroligneous vapors so as to ensure, by combustion of a part of the pyroligneous vapors, the calorific needs of the pyrolysis. The pyroligneous vapors unburnt in the hearth F1 as well as the combustion products relating to the burnt part are extracted in the pipe T1 by the fan V2. The mixture is incinerated in the annex F2 hearth, which in particular transforms the heavy products from pyrolysis into combustion products such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, etc. - A gasification zone G where the material with high carbon content is transformed into gas under the action of an oxidizing gas such as air or oxygen, whether or not accompanied by water vapor. The gases from the F2 hearth are injected into the material during gasification in admixture with said oxidizing gas. In this way, the heat energy possibly obtained in the hearth F1 is fully recovered in the gasifier, except for the heat losses. In addition, the water vapor present in the gases from T2 contributes to increasing the production of hydrogen by reduction of the water vapor. The gas produced, free of tar, is drawn off through the pipe T3. Part of the sensible heat of the gas produced can be recovered in the economizer E by preheating the air consumed by the gasifier, supplied by the fan V3.
- Une zone d'extraction des cendres S, constituée d'un sas étanche permettant d'extraire la quantité voulue de cendres.- An ash extraction zone S, consisting of a sealed airlock allowing the desired quantity of ash to be extracted.
La configuration représentée par la Figure 2 illustre un mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel on utilise le gaz produit à la sortie de l'échangeur E pour assurer les besoins calorifiques du séchage et de la pyrolyse. L'injection de gaz chauds destinés au séchage et à la pyrolyse se fait par le moyen d'une couronne C1, alors que la reprise du gaz produit chaud se fait par le moyen d'une couronne C2. Les couronnes jouent respectivement le même rδle que les tubulures T1 et T3 représentées sur la Figure 1 .The configuration shown in Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the gas produced at the outlet of the exchanger E is used to meet the heat requirements for drying and pyrolysis. The injection of hot gases intended for drying and pyrolysis is carried out by means of a crown C1, while the recovery of the hot product gas is carried out by means of a crown C2. The crowns respectively play the same role as the tubes T1 and T3 shown in Figure 1.
La totalité des vapeurs pyroligneuses est extraite par le ventilateur V1 pour être incinérée dans le foyer F2 avant réinjection dans la tubulure T2.All of the pyroligneous vapors are extracted by the fan V1 to be incinerated in the hearth F2 before reinjection into the tubing T2.
Le foyer F1 assure les besoins calorifiques de l pyrolyse aux dépens d'une consommation du gaz produit, amenée par le ventilateur V1. Les besoins en air sont assurés par le ventilateur V3. L'exemple suivant illustre l'invention sans la limiter. EXEMPLEThe fireplace F1 provides the heat needs for pyrolysis at the expense of consumption of the gas produced, brought by the fan V1. Air requirements are met by the V3 fan. The following example illustrates the invention without limiting it. EXAMPLE
On a utilisé un gazogène ayant la configuration de la Figure 1. Avec les températures suivantes :A gasifier having the configuration of Figure 1 was used. With the following temperatures:
- en F1 600°C- in F1 600 ° C
- en F2 950°C- at F2 950 ° C
- en G 1 000°C on extrait en T3, pour 1 kg de bois très humide, 1,8 Nm3 de gaz dont la composition est, pour 100 volumes :- in G 1000 ° C is extracted in T3, for 1 kg of very wet wood, 1.8 Nm 3 of gas whose composition is, per 100 volumes:
- CO2 15 volumes- CO 2 15 volumes
0,2 volumes0.2 volumes
- O2 - O 2
- CO 10 volumes- CO 10 volumes
- H2 17 volumes- H 2 17 volumes
- CH4 1 , 8 volumes- CH 4 1, 8 volumes
- N2 - N 2
56 volumes et indosés 56 volumes and indos

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Procédé de gazéification complète de matières carbonées dans lequel on effectue d'abord une pyrolyse poussée de la matière à gazéifier, de préférence en milieu réducteur, qui fournit d'une part des vapeurs pyroligneuses, d'autre part un produit à haute teneur en carbone caractérisé par le fait que l'on effectue une dégradation poussée de tout ou partie desdites vapeurs pyroligneuses conduisant à un gaz dont la partie anhydre ne contient plus que des produits incondensables dans les conditions ordinaires de température et pression, et que l'on ramène ledit gaz sur ledit produit à haute teneur en carbone se trouvant en cours de gazéification et que l'on extrait le gaz épuré produit.1 - Process for the complete gasification of carbonaceous materials in which first an extensive pyrolysis of the material to be gasified is carried out, preferably in a reducing medium, which provides on the one hand pyroligneous vapors, on the other hand a high content product carbon characterized by the fact that a thorough degradation is carried out of all or part of said pyroligneous vapors leading to a gas the anhydrous part of which only contains products which cannot be condensed under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, and which brings said gas back onto said high carbon product which is in the course of gasification and which extracts the purified gas produced.
2 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel on utilise une partie desdites vapeurs pyroligneuses pour assurer ladite pyrolyse.2 - Method according to claim 1 wherein a portion of said pyroligneous vapors is used to ensure said pyrolysis.
3 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2 dans lequel ladite dégradation est une combustion.3 - Method according to one of claims 1 and 2 wherein said degradation is combustion.
4 - Procédé selon la revendication 3 dans lequel ladite combustion est une combustion catalytique.4 - Process according to claim 3 wherein said combustion is a catalytic combustion.
5 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2 dans lequel ladite dégradation est un craquage.5 - Method according to one of claims 1 and 2 wherein said degradation is a cracking.
6 - Procédé selon la revendication 5 dans lequel ledit craquage est un craquage catalytique. 6 - Process according to claim 5 wherein said cracking is a catalytic cracking.
EP80900925A 1979-05-22 1980-12-01 Process for a complete gasification of carbonaceous materials Withdrawn EP0029040A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7912951A FR2457319A1 (en) 1979-05-22 1979-05-22 PROCESS FOR COMPLETE GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
FR7912951 1979-05-22

Publications (1)

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EP0029040A1 true EP0029040A1 (en) 1981-05-27

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EP (1) EP0029040A1 (en)
AR (1) AR223707A1 (en)
AU (1) AU5861980A (en)
BR (1) BR8008692A (en)
FI (1) FI66641C (en)
FR (1) FR2457319A1 (en)
MA (1) MA18852A1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ193789A (en)
PT (1) PT71258A (en)
SE (1) SE8100309L (en)
WO (1) WO1980002563A1 (en)
YU (1) YU126880A (en)
ZA (1) ZA803030B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2511028B1 (en) * 1981-08-07 1986-06-13 Carrasse Jean PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
GR1001615B (en) * 1993-06-04 1994-07-29 Viokat Anonymos Techniki & Vio A method for Gasification of Low Calorific value Solid fuels for electricity Generation without Environmental Load.
DE4404673C2 (en) * 1994-02-15 1995-11-23 Entec Recycling Und Industriea Process for the production of fuel gas
NL1009745C2 (en) * 1998-07-27 2000-01-28 Stichting Energie Method and device for forming synthesis gas from biomass and residues.
DE10010358A1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-27 Bsbg Bremer Sonderabfall Berat Process for gasifying combustible material comprises pyrolyzing in a first reactor with the exclusion of oxygen and introducing energy to the first reactor by introducing a part of the gaseous reaction products of the second reactor
EP1312662A3 (en) * 2001-05-07 2003-09-24 Cirad-Foret Biomass gasification process, and apparatus, and their applications
DE102004024672B4 (en) * 2004-05-18 2007-06-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Apparatus and method for producing a tar-free lean gas by gasification of biomass
EP1696177A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-30 Drechsler, Daniel Integrated multifuel gasification process
GR1005536B (en) * 2006-03-07 2007-06-07 Λαμπρος Ελευσινιωτης Two-stage combined cocurrent-countercurrent gasifier
WO2012011799A2 (en) * 2010-07-19 2012-01-26 Rl Finance B.V. System and method for thermal cracking of a hydrocarbons comprising mass

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FR340588A (en) * 1904-02-20 1904-07-09 Brev Et Moteurs Letombe Des Method and device for the production of stationary gases by means of direct or reverse combustion gasifiers
FR823858A (en) * 1936-07-02 1938-01-27 Method and device for the gasification of fuels containing tar, such as lignite, peat, etc., as well as heavy liquid fuels
FR949260A (en) * 1946-08-08 1949-08-25 Gasifier
DE895362C (en) * 1949-12-10 1953-11-02 Basf Ag Process for the production of fuel gas by gasifying a bituminous fuel
DE2436268A1 (en) * 1974-07-27 1976-02-12 Ernst Kirchgaessner Low-grade fuel gasification - with two rotary grate producers passing gasification gases through material for complete combustion

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8002563A1 *

Also Published As

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YU126880A (en) 1983-10-31
AU5861980A (en) 1980-11-27
FI66641B (en) 1984-07-31
FI66641C (en) 1984-11-12
FR2457319B1 (en) 1983-04-29
SE8100309L (en) 1981-01-20
FR2457319A1 (en) 1980-12-19
PT71258A (en) 1980-06-01
MA18852A1 (en) 1980-12-31
FI801649A (en) 1980-11-23
BR8008692A (en) 1981-04-14
WO1980002563A1 (en) 1980-11-27
ZA803030B (en) 1981-05-27
AR223707A1 (en) 1981-09-15
NZ193789A (en) 1982-05-25

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