FI59951C - OEVERFOERINGSMEDIUM SOM GER KORRIGERBARA TECKEN SAMT MEDEL OCH FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV ETT SAODANT MEDIUM - Google Patents

Description

R3F7! [B] m) 1100 * · 07 «« PUBLICATION rqg r 1 JSSfgk lJ 1 'UTLAGGNINGSSKRIFT 07 70 \ 2¾¾¾ c (45) ^' v ^ (51) K * .lk? /Lnc.a3 BM 5/02 ENGLISH— FINLAND pi) νμκμινιμμ-ρμμμ ^ ι 2UU9 / T3 ¢ 22) HakumUptM — Anaeknlnpdftg 03 * 08.73 (23) AlktipOvi — GIW (h «tad« f 03 * 08 * 73 (41) Tullut (ulklMluI - Sllvtt ofTant ofTant

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Patent · och registeretyreleen '' AnsSton utlagd eeh utUkrHUn publlcend JJ .. U (. Ox (32) (33) (31) Prrl «« y privilege —Begird prlorlcM 03.08 * 72 03.08 * 72 USA (US) 277696, 2775 ^ 3 (71) International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, NY 10501+, USA (72) Donald Leo Elbert, Lexington, Kentucky, Glen Allen Waldrip, Lexington, Kentucky, Samuel D. Blair, Lexington, Kentucky, USA (?) Oy Kolster Ab (5 ^) The present invention relates to a transfer agent comprising a thin elastic medium, and to a device and method for preparing such a substance. The invention also relates to a device and a method for selecting such a transfer medium, which can be selectively transferred by printing on a receiving surface, preferably on paper, and which can be removed by means of an adhesive repair agent without any of the receiving surfaces themselves. in order to

Typewriting on a typewriter has always been a problem that has been addressed in many different ways, e.g., by providing scratch-resistant paper quality that allows manual erasure of erroneous letters using plain eraser or typewriter eraser, or also a combination of rubber and scratch. Other more recent attempts to correct errors in typewritten text have included masking incorrect letters or punctuation marks to disguise their appearance, giving the general impression that no mistakes have been made. This has been achieved by a number of different methods. One technique used uses a liquid containing a dye or a colored substance located in a volatile carrier liquid. This repair material is painted over incorrect letters and is allowed to dry, allowing the material to adhere to the writing paper and provide a relatively neat repair. Another method that has been used is that 2,59951 is allowed to dry coat to cover incorrect letters. The material is conventionally formed into a thin film or a sheet of film or backing that closely resembles carbon paper and is then used in combination, striking the wrong letter so that a thin white or other colored layer moves to the surface of that wrong letter * which in part does not completely prevent this.

Recently, several attempts have been made to correct errors in typewritten text using adhesive tape or adhesive, but the method used has led to damage to the surface of the writing paper, forming fibers of the paper literally torn off the sheet to completely remove incorrect letters. This is necessary because the ink in the ribbon at that time has the ability to penetrate the paper fibers and stain or permanently dye the paper when printed, as a result of which these fibers must actually be physically removed from the surface of this paper to remove this text.

The transfer agent in question, which will alternatively be referred to as either a ribbon or a ribbon, has been prepared using a residue of a coating composition coated to form a transfer layer, also called a paint or dye layer. This layer of paint is placed on a flexible, thin, supportive surface. This solution-coated residual coating which forms a color is most preferably made of a film-forming resin which is hard instead of waxy or loose and which is made brittle or breakable by the addition of a masonry agent without this resin softening substantially therefrom. Another modifier is added if required to make the color layer detachable from its support substrate, i.e., its film, while still having a relatively high tendency to adhere to the paper. However, most preferably, the color is not yet softer to any greater extent because softening increases staining and absorption and promotes adhesion to the writing paper, resulting in poor error correction.

The correction of incorrectly typed letters or characters can be accomplished by means of an adhesive which is removed from the surface of this writing sheet or paper using a particular piece of material having an adhesive surface, whereby this adhesive surface is struck against an incorrectly written letter. This causes the adhesive surface of this repair material to adhere to the letter and when the repair material is pulled off the paper it pulls the letter with it. The resin used in the modified dye-3,59951 mixture must be cohesive to the point where it holds the dye layer together for detachment so that it does not grind because the adhesive surface of the repair agent comes into contact with only one surface in the dye layer. If the resin has an insufficient cohesion effect, only the exposed part of this erroneous mark is removed, while the rest of this color layer is still adhered to the writing paper and thus leaves a residual image. The cohesion of this color layer must be greater than what is its affinity for the paper or writing surface. The ink layer must have such an assembly that the adhesion is the adhesion of the surface between the ink and the paper rather than the permeation of the viscous paper fibers by wetting them with the ink layer. Most preferably, no dyes are used in the dyeing of this dye layer, because the dyes generally have a staining effect and stains and stains should be avoided. By these dyes is meant here only colored substances which are soluble in the other constituents of the color solution.

The adhesive repair agents that have proven to be the best for the results are most preferably a polyethylene terephthalate coated with a rubber or acrylic-based adhesive. In general, it is seen that the silicon-based material works only in a borderline case and then only with selected paper grades. If the glue effect on this color does not exceed the glue effect of the color on the paper, only a partial detachment of the incorrect letter will occur.

The main object of the present invention is to form characters and letters on a writing sheet which at the same time can be easily corrected by bringing the adhesive material into close contact with the letters or text.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic scraper or correction apparatus operating on a typewriter that operates by gripping a corrective typewriter ribbon.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a writing sheet in which is typed, this text being substantially completely detachable by contacting it with a contact between the correction agent and the text. The parts which are more specific to the invention are set out in the appended claims.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description, in which preferred embodiments are shown, which are also illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

ι 59951 The toner in the transfer medium or tape is composed of carefully selected materials with the unique properties of being substantially completely detachable by adhesion from the writing sheet to which this color has been typed during typing. The properties of the materials necessary for the production of the type of tape which can be removed by gluing will be described as far as possible on the basis of the present state of the art.

The most important part of the tape that can be repaired in the paint or paint layer is the resin. This resin must be a hard resin rather than a wax-like resin. Furthermore, this resin must be of a type which is soluble by means of a solvent in order for this dye to be applied in the form of a solution or dispersion by means of a volatile carrier liquid.

In order to achieve the necessary cohesion to this color layer, it has been found that the resin must be of the film-forming type, which has a high degree of elastic cohesive property and is not so loose or flaky that it crumbles or grinds in a waxy manner. In order to provide the necessary adhesion between the pressure sensitive adhesive and the paint, the resin must be readily wettable with a variety of materials used in the manufacture of the pressure sensitive adhesive, e.g., rubber and acrylic materials.

The resin is most preferably of the type which, despite contact with the paper and paper fibers, does not penetrate into the surface of the paper itself.

This feature is important because it allows for relatively easy removal of misspelled characters. The resin acts as a carrier, holder or binder for other portions of this dye layer.

Typical resins having the above properties include e.g.

EAB 500-1, a cellulose acetate butyrate manufactured by Eastman Chemical Company, Vitel 222, a polyester manufactured by Goodyear, -Teocryl B-371, an acrylic copolymer manufactured by Polyvinyl Chemicals, Emerez 37 ^ 9, and Emerez 1530 substances which are both polyamides manufactured by Emery Industies and still EAB 550, which is slightly more soluble in cellulose acetate butyrate and manufactured by Eastman Chemical Company,

Of course, each of the above materials has its own physical and chemical properties, and although each particular material must be considered a suitable resin around which an adhesion-correctable dye mixture can be made, each particular material is not as advantageous in all respects and smoothed with different grades of paper.

5 59951

The preferred resin is Emerez 3533, manufactured by Emery Industries. This substance, Emerez 1533, is assumed to be a diphenol-based polyamide with a softening point of 98-102 ° C, a viscosity of 26-3 * 1 poise at 160 ° C, an amine value of 5.2 mg KOH per gram and an acid value of 2.5 milligrams KOH gram. for.

In order to be able to modify one of the above-mentioned resins to give it the final physical properties desired, in which case it has reduced tensile strength or film cohesiveness, additives are added to the dye mixture.

In order to make the resin sufficiently frangible or brittle and to provide a sharp edge of the characters after impact, it is necessary to calculate the tensile strength of the film formed from the resin when this precipitates out of solution. It is desirable to avoid excessive softening of the resin because the softening makes the resin more waxy or wax-like and reduces its detachability from the surface of the paper. The reduction of this breaking strength value in the film formed from the resin appears to be due to an additive which reduces the tendency of the polymeric chains of the resin to bond together. This reduced tendency for molecular chains to join together in this resin lowers the film-forming property to the extent that the film breaks easily compared to the unmodified state. A preferred modifier for lowering the tensile strength of the resin is a mineral oil. Mineral oils can be selected from a relatively wide range of viscosities and properties to provide the degree of conversion required for each individual resin. The preferred mineral oil is Standard No. 3 * + Ask for a white mineral oil sold by Standard Oil Company.

Another modifier is generally needed to make the dye less sticky to the support or film to which the dye is applied to form a color transfer agent. Normally, this film is a polyethylene film, but it may also be some other ordinary film used in the manufacture of tapes.

Most preferably, the release properties of the color mixture are adjusted by adding mixed octyl esters of fatty acids during preparation.

An example of a suitable ester which can be used and which acts as a release agent is a substance prepared under the trade name "Plastic-Izer R - / - C 7025" from C.P. Hall Company of Cicago, Illinois USA. This material acts as a plasticizer in its classical sense in that it converts the resin material in such a way that it has an increased adhesion property to the paper, but not in such a way that the adhesion value to the paper becomes so high that the label cannot be removed if it is strongly exposed to 6,59951 exposed surfaces. with an adhesive coated surface. Other known modifiers oyat e.g. fatty acid ester type emollients, e.g. isopropyl palmitate and butyl stearate. These other substances react in the same way as Plasticizer R-9-C 7025 · There are still additives that are optional in the sense that they are not generally needed in all mixtures, but may be needed in certain composite structures depending on the ratios or specific properties used in some. soils. One such additive is a polyglycol diepoxide type epoxy resin. The addition of such a material, such as DER 736, an epoxy solution manufactured by Dow Chemical Company, is intended to further sharpen the edge boundary in letters formed at the time of writing so that the resin is softened slightly without reducing its tear property.

Another possible component to solve a particular problem is the addition of synthetic wax. One such synthetic wax is Acrawax C, manufactured by Glyco Chemicals. The addition of synthetic waxes to this dye has the effect of preventing the transfer of oil to the surface of the dye when a large amount of mineral oil is used as its curing and brittleness additive. Oil transfer is a handling problem and the ribbon cannot be fed correctly on the typewriter. Such an amount of mineral oil is necessary in certain cases in order to properly convert this resin, so that a migration problem is formed which then causes concentrations of mineral oil to form on the surface.

In all of these blends, it is necessary to include a colorant if this transferred color layer is to be kept visible and constructive against the background of the paper. Preferred ingredients for forming the color include e.g. carbon black. Other alternative ingredients would, of course, be various colored pigments that are insoluble in selected modifying oils. Organic dyes can be used as pigments because they are insoluble in transforming oils.

Moisture has been shown to be a powerful factor in the fabrication of this adhesive repairable tape. The meaning of moisture is not entirely clear, but it is assumed to affect the film structure in this film-forming resin when this then precipitates from the solvent film modifier upon drying to form a color-transfer layer. It has been found that if the moisture is far too high or far too low, the tear in this printed mark is incomplete and unacceptable. It is now assumed that due to the evaporation of the solvent ‘’ 0 7 59951 the color mixture of this track when it. coating with this dye mixture decreases to the extent that a certain amount of moisture from the surrounding atmosphere condenses on the surface of this strip when it is dried from this solvent mixture. The presence of water droplets or the presence of moisture pockets on the surface of this dye layer is assumed to affect the formation of a discontinuous film and also affects the way in which substances precipitate in color formation. Acceptable tearing results can be obtained when the humidity in the manufacturing area is such that the film is coated with a dye mixture and is then exposed to air containing from about 0.005 to about 0.012 g of water per gram of dry air. The best results have been obtained in the range of about 0.006 to 0.009 g of water per gram of dry, air.

It has also been found that improved results are obtained when the solvent used to make the tape is a mixture of solvents with relatively large proportions of toluene and correspondingly smaller amounts of isopropanol. The use of a solvent mixture in certain cases eliminates the need for additives to increase edge sharpness and adversely prevents the effects of certain necessary modifiers. When a solvent mixture is used, a color layer is formed from a mixture of toluene and isopropanol with a reasonably high toluene content to control the adverse effects of these modifiers without compromising the beneficial properties of the material. The solvent mixture also has such properties that it improves the formation of letters and characters on the writing sheet.

As mentioned above, the dye layer in the latter case is coated with a solvent starting from a mixture of solvents with toluene and isopropanol and a relatively high concentration of toluene compared to the previous borderline cases. It has previously been believed that toluene could be tolerated only to a small extent. In this context, toluene has the function of forcing the mineral oil into solution, which is not the case in an isopropanol-based system. Increasing the toluene content was considered detrimental but has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the moisture sensitivity of the paint layer.

When using a mixture of solvents as proposed in this case, it becomes possible in certain cases to omit those components which have iron-sharpening and oil-transfer-preventing properties.

In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, a more complete step-by-step description of the preparation process is provided for a particular assembly, it being understood that other assemblies may be prepared in the same or similar manner using said alternative terms in other amounts, using alternative solvents. All ingredients are expressed as lower percentages representing the percentage of this ingredient in the total dry dye mixture or in the completely dry dye layer. The material is prepared in the same way as in the first example, with checks on the amounts and the relative amounts of solvents.

Example 1

Solids Percentage Number of parts by weight

Resin (Emerez 1533) 28.6 30

Mineral oil (Standard No 3 * + 23.8 25

Ky so white mineral oil)

Softener (plasticizer R-9-C 7025) 19 20

Pigment (Mogul L) 28.6 30

The solid Emerez 1533 is dissolved in a solvent mixture consisting of about 5/6 isopropanol and 1/6 toluene. The amount of the mixture used to prepare the resin solution is about 2 parts by weight of the amount of the solvent mixture per one part by weight of Emerez 1533 resin. When the resin is completely dissolved, add one part carbon black and one part isopropanol per three parts resin mixture. This mixture is then ground for about 9 hours or until it is sufficiently finely ground, followed by draining and filtration. A solvent mixture having a solvent content of 3.1+ parts of isopropanol per part of toluene is then prepared. To five parts of the above solvent mixture, 1 part of plasticizer R-9-C 7025 and 1.25 parts of Standard No. 31 + mineral oil are added, and this mixture is carefully stirred. To this mixture is added 7.5 parts of the above dispersion and 11.5 parts of the solvent mixture are further added with stirring. The resulting mixture is then coated on a substrate which most preferably has a high density polyethylene film of 0.018 mm. The mixture is applied at a temperature of 18-37 ° C, most preferably at room temperature and up to a coating weight of about 0.1 + -0.6 kg of rice, and dried in a drying oven at a temperature between about 37-60 ° C. The moisture is maintained at about 0.006 to 0.009 g of water per gram of dry air during this coating and drying operation.

If the above procedure is followed, the ratio of toluene to isopropanol in the coating solution is about 1: U. This ratio is remarkably advantageous. Reasonably acceptable results can be obtained with 9,59951 with a percentage of 20% toluene and 80% isopropanol, with a tolerance of -5% »where all the percentages for the solvent together form the solvent fraction in the paint immediately before coating.

If, in general, the above ratios are observed in the preparation of solvent mixtures relative to other constituents, mixtures can be prepared according to the following examples, in which case the data given refer to the percentage by weight of each component in the total amount of completely dry paint coating.

Example 2

Mineral oil (Nujol) 35%

Resin (Emerez 1533) 35% Dye (Mogul L) 25%

Modifier (Acravax C) 5%

The above substances are combined using the methods of Example 1 to give a mixture of a 20% mixture of non-volatiles in a 1: 7 mixture of 1,1,1 trichloroethane and isopropanol. This mixture is then applied to 0.018 mm thick high density polyethylene films and dried to provide a color transfer agent.

Example 3

Emollient (isopropyl palmitate) 10%

Mineral oil (Standard No. 3M 25%

Resin (Emerez 1533) 35% Dye (Mogul L) 25% Anti-oil transfer agent (Acravax C) 5% This mixture is prepared according to the data of Example 1 and coated from a solution of isopropanol and 20% non-volatiles on 0.018 mm thick polyethylene films, having a high density.

Example l +

Emollient (butyl stearate) 10%

Mineral oil (Standard No. 3U) 25%

Resin (Emerez 1533) 35% Dye (Mogul) 25% Oil Transfer Agent (Acravax C) 5%

The above substances are combined with isopropanol to give a solution of 20% non-volatiles according to the principles of Example 1 5 59951 and applied to 0.018 mm thick high density polyethylene films to provide a color transfer agent.

Example 5

Mineral oil (Clearteck) 25%

Resin (Emerez 1533) ^ + 5% Dye (Mogul L) 25% Oil transfer agent (Acravax C) 5%

According to the principles of Example 1, the mixture is combined with isopropanol to give a solution of 20% non-volatiles and this is applied to a high density polyethylene backing film of 0.018 mm.

Example 6

Mineral oil (Clearteck) 29.2%

Resin (Emerez 1533) 53.7%

Pigment (graphite) 9.8%

Pigment (Mogul L) 2, h% Oil transfer agent (Acrawax C) b, 9%

Following the data of Example 1, the above material is again combined to form an isopropanol solution with 20% non-volatiles and this is applied to 0.018 mm thick high density polyethylene films.

Example 7

Emollient (Coconut type coconut oil) 20%

Resin (Emerez 1533) 50% Dye (Neo Spectra AG beads) 25% Oil Transfer Agent (Acrawax C) 5 # This mixture is formed into a solution of 20% non-volatiles together with isopropanol and applied to a 0.018 mm thick polyethylene film with has a high density.

Example 8

Mineral oil (Penteck) 5%

Emollient (Texanol isobutyrate) 1 + 0%

Resin (alcohol soluble propionate) 1 + 3% Dye (Neo Spectra A.G. beads) 12%

The above material is combined with ethanol as described in Example 1 to give a solution of 20% non-volatiles, after which it is applied to a 0.009 mm thick mylar film to form a color transfer agent.

„59951

Example 9

Resin (Emerez 1533.) 35%

Mineral oil (Standard No. 3 * 0 20%

Softener (plasticizer R-9-C 7025) 15% Dye (Mogul L) 25% Oil transfer agent (Acrawax C) 5%

Epoxy (DER 736 epoxy solution) 1 part per hundred parts of solvent

Using the procedure of Example 1, a mixture is prepared containing 20% non-volatiles using isopropanol and toluene. This is coated to a thickness of 0.8 kg of rice and oven-dried at about 50 ° C on a 0.018 mm thick polyethylene film. The resin is dissolved in a 5: 1 isopropanol-toene mixture to give a solution of one third of the solids. The remainder of the added solvent is isopropanol alone. Isopropanol is used in an amount to provide a final ratio of toluene to isopropanol in the coating solution of about 1: U6,125.

By removing the letters printed by hitting the fonts against one of the above color transfer materials, it has been found that a number of adhesive tapes are available which are particularly useful. Adhesive tapes type Y9272, 853, and 351 are available from the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. One product with type name nr. 7321 is available for purchase from Borden Company and adhesive tape type No. hUO is available for purchase from Nashua Corporation at Nashua,

New Hampshire.

In the manufacture and application of the above strips, the coating weight, moisture content, color temperature and drying temperature must be followed in all cases in the case of Example 1.

B

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Claims (4)

59951 12 A transfer medium comprising a thin flexible substrate having a dye layer which can be selectively transferred by pressing onto a receiving surface, preferably paper, and which can be removed by means of an adhesive repair agent without any of the receiving surface itself being present, characterized in that the dye layer comprises 20-55% by weight of a hard, non-waxy waxy resin, 20-65% by weight of a modifier to make the resin brittle and hard and to reduce the adhesion of the resin to a flexible substrate and 5-30% by weight of a colorant in the form of pigment or organic dyes insoluble in the layer to the ingredients, the modifier comprising a mixture comprising in part 20-65% by weight of a white mineral oil reducing the elongation, in part up to 95% by weight of an anti-adherent selected from the group consisting of mixed fatty acid octyl esters, isopropyl palmitate, outyl stearate and mixtures thereof. Transfer agent according to Claim 1, characterized in that the resin is a polyamide. Device for preparing a transfer agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a solution / dispersion containing 28 to 32 parts of a resin of the hard, non-waxy film-forming type, 23 to 27 parts of a white mineral oil , 18-22 parts of mixed fatty acid octyl esters, 28-32 parts of pigment, 320-350 parts of isopropanol and 80-90 parts of toluene. A process for preparing a color transfer agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin flexible substrate is coated with a solution or dispersion of a hard, film-forming, non-waxy resin, a modifier for making the resin hard and brittle, comprising a white mineral oil or coconut oil and a colorant. , and the solvent is removed from the solution by drying at 37-60 ° C in an atmosphere of 0.006 to 0.009 g of water per gram of dry air.