FI58046B - FOERFARANDE FOER TILLVERKNING AV LIPIDAEMNEN INNEHAOLLANDE TILLSATSAEMNE FOER DJURFODER - Google Patents

Description

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New Zealand-Nya Zeeland (NZ) 17165U Totted-Styrkt (71) Dalgety Agri-Lines PTY Limited, 38 Bridge Street, Sydney, Australia-Australian (AU) (72) David Anthony Evans, Upper Hutt, David Thomas Archibald Edwards, Khandallah, Wellington, New Zealand-Nya Zeeland (NZ) (7U) Berggren Oy Ab (5U) Method for the preparation of a feed additive containing animal lipid substances - Förfarande för tillverkning av lipidämnen innehällande tillsats-ämne för djurfoder

The present invention relates to methods for protecting lipids and enabling their use in the form of a feed additive for animals, and provides a modification and improvement to the method described in British Patent Publication No. 1,377,7U9. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for preparing a feed additive containing lipid substances, wherein the aldehyde is added to the aqueous phase of a mixture of a proteinaceous substance and a finely divided lipid substance, the protein forming an protein / aldehyde complex with the aldehyde encapsulating the lipid substance particles.

As disclosed in this patent, the incorporation of lipids into body tissues and the production of ruminant milk is hampered, or completely prevented, by lipolysis of these lipids in the rumen of animals, and in the case of mono- and polyunsaturated lipids due to subsequent lipid biohydrogenation.

The term "lipolysis" refers to the cleavage of a triglyceride molecule of free fatty acids.

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Furthermore, in an attempt to provide high energy feed additives to ruminants, it has been found that when high energy feed additives such as lipid materials are administered to them in amounts greater than 4-5% by weight of the total feed intake of the animal, this has a detrimental effect on the ruminant digestive system. that the eating habits of the animals are disturbed, resulting in loss of appetite.

In the invention described in said patent publication, it has been proposed that the lipid materials be finely divided into separate microscopic particles and that each such particle be coated with or surrounded by a complex of a proteinaceous substance and an aldehyde. Such protected lipids are capable of passing through the rumen in their protected or encapsulated form, and the protein / aldehyde complex is to be degraded or dissolved in the gastric or gastrointestinal tract of the ruminant. With such protection, lipid materials can pass through the rumen unchanged, i.e., without lipolysis, and in the case of unsaturated lipids, without subsequently hydrating or converting to saturated lipids. Furthermore, with such protection, it is possible to administer significantly higher amounts of saturated and / or polyunsaturated lipid materials to ruminants without adversely affecting the appetite of these animals.

In the process according to said patent for the preparation of protected lipids, a certain amount of protein is added to a certain amount of water and these are mixed together. A certain amount of lipid material is then added to the resulting mixture and the water / protein / lipid mixture is homogenized so that the lipid material is divided into fine microscopic discrete particles. The aldehyde is then added, for example, to an aqueous base or phase, which aldehyde reacts with the protein to form a protein / aldehyde complex around the discrete particles of the lipid material.

However, it has been found that it is not necessary that the protein be added to the aqueous phase before the addition of the lipid material and that satisfactory results can be obtained by adding the protein correlant component to the aqueous phase after the addition of the lipid component.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved 3,58046 method for protecting polyunsaturated lipids from hydrogenation or degradation in the rumen of ruminants so that polyunsaturated lipids can be incorporated into ruminant tissues and the milk they produce.

Furthermore, using the method disclosed in said patent for the formation of protected, high-melting lipids from, for example, tallow, lard, coconut oil, etc., it has been found that in order to obtain good results, it is necessary to melt and homogenize the lipid at or above decomposes into fine particles.

However, the melting point of a lipid with a high melting point is at or near the temperature at which the protein is substantially insoluble in the mixed phase, and the protein also tends to be denatured at such a temperature.

Accordingly, it is a further object of the invention to avoid this very difficulty by developing a new method for protecting lipid materials which, while can be used to protect all kinds of lipid materials, has the particular advantage of protecting high melting lipid materials such as tallow, lard, coconut oil, etc.

The present invention can be used to prepare a feed additive for feeding to any desired animal. However, the protection afforded to polyunsaturated lipid materials with respect to lipolysis and subsequent biohydrogenation is particularly applicable to the ruminant feed additive. The method according to the invention is mainly known from the features of claim 1.

The invention thus relates generally to a process for the preparation of an animal feed additive and to a product obtained by this process comprising a solid or liquid lipid material finely divided into discrete particles or spheres, whereby the lipid material is used. 1a has the desired nutritional, therapeutic and prophylactic properties, and forms a layer of the plant protein and the reaction product which surrounds and thus limits the lipid particles, i.e. the spheres, in opposition to said reaction product. immediate digestion in the digestive tract of the animal.

If the product of the invention is administered to ruminants, special advantages can be obtained in that, as disclosed in the aforementioned British patent, the protein / aldehyde reaction product withstands degradation effects in the rumen, under 4.

Accordingly, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method of protecting lipid materials, comprising the steps of: a) finely dividing the lipid material into discrete particles in the aqueous phase;

b) adding a proteinaceous material to this aqueous phase, c) adding an aldehyde to this aqueous phase after step b), the arrangement being such that the protein together with the aldehyde forms a protein / aldehyde complex that encapsulates the discrete particles of the lipid material.

Another preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention comprises the steps of: a) finely disintegrating the lipid material in the aqueous phase at a temperature above 45 ° C, b) cooling the product from step a) to below 45 ° C, c) adding the proteinaceous material to said aqueous phase, and d) aldehyde; in particular the addition of formalin to said aqueous phase, the arrangement being such that the protein and the aldehyde form a protein / aldehyde complex which encapsulates the discrete particles of the lipid material.

Yet another embodiment of the method of the invention comprises the steps of: a) finely disintegrating the lipid material into discrete particles in an aqueous phase having an alkaline pH, b) adding a proteinaceous material to said aqueous phase, c) adding a metal barrier to said aqueous phase, especially 5dd adding to said aqueous phase, the arrangement being such that the protein and the aldehyde form a protein / aldehyde complex in the presence of metal cations encapsulating the discrete particles of the lipid material.

Any suitable water-soluble metal salt can be used, for example, aluminum sulfate, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate.

The preparation of protected lipids by the process of the invention follows the following general formula: A certain amount of water is passed to a suitable mixer.

The pH of the water can be adjusted to be alkaline and preferably in the range of 8-14. This can be accomplished by the addition of any suitable alkaline agent, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium hydroxide can act as an emulsifier for the lipid material to be added to the aqueous phase.

A certain amount of lipid material can be added to the obtained aqueous phase and mixed with this aqueous phase.

If the lipid material to be protected has a high melting point, such as those which are solid at room temperature, it can be melted by heating before being added to the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase can also be heated to the same or near the same temperature as the molten lipid material.

The term “high melting lipid” means one or more lipids having a melting point above or close to the temperature at which the protein tends to be denatured.

The mixture can then be passed to a homogenizer, the operation of which is such that it finely breaks the lipid material into microscopic or discrete particles of near microscopic size, which particles can be kept in a homogenized suspension in the aqueous phase.

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If the lipid and / or aqueous phase is heated as described above, the mixture can then be cooled or allowed to cool to a temperature below the temperature at which the protein tends to denature.

The homogenized mixture is then passed to another mixing device to which the proteinaceous material can be added. Such proteinaceous material may be in the form of casein, sodium caseinate precipitated with lactic acid, or a protein derived from a vegetable source such as soybeans, peanuts, sunflowers, safflower, cottonseed, corn, canola, lupine, and the like.

If desired, the calcium component may be added to promote the possible formation of a protein / aldehyde protective coating as described above.

The aldehyde, for example in the form of formalin, can then be added in the amounts and forms disclosed in the aforementioned British Patent Publication.

The mixture can then be mixed and the aldehyde reacted with the proteinaceous material to form a protein / aldehyde complex coating on discrete portions of the lipid material.

The mixture may form a solid gel which may then be passed to a hammer mill for comminution and disintegration, and the comminuted solid gel may then be dried, for example, by a rapid drying method or by any suitable method described above.

Embodiments of the invention are set forth below.

Example 1 (High energy feed additive) 227 kg of water were heated to 60 ° C. To this water was added 12 liters of 5N NaOH (sodium hydroxide), raising the pH to 13.5 · To this mixture was added 45.4 kg of previously thawed, commercially available tallow.

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The mixture was stirred in a mixing tank where dispersion of the tallow occurred.

The resulting mixture was then passed through a corundum stone mill with a gap between the plates adjusted to 0.01 mm to obtain a very fine aqueous emulsion of tallow.

After cooling to 30 ° C, 136.2 kg of ground whole soybeans (preliminarily ground through a 3/16 sieve hammer mill) were added to the emulsion.

The resulting mixture was stirred in a mixing tank to dissolve the soybean protein in the continuous (aqueous) phase of the emulsion.

The resulting mixture was then passed through a corundum stone mill with a clearance adjusted to 0.05 mm in order to promote the dissolution of the protein particles in the continuous phase of the emulsion.

In this way, the protein was added to this continuous phase without exceeding a temperature of 45 ° C.

The resulting slurry was then passed through a belt mixer to which 370 g of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl 2, K 2 O) dissolved in 1 liter of water had been added. After stirring for 5 minutes, 4 liters of formalin of commercial strength were added.

The material was stirred for 2 minutes during which time gelation occurred and a strong fine product formed with a particle size in the range of 1-10 mm.

This product was then dried in a Berk ring dryer at an inlet temperature of 180 ° C to give a white fine powder with a moisture content of 11%.

Example II Step 1 In this example, 45.4 kg of solid, commercial tallow together with 2.4 kg of solid NaOH dissolved in 8 liters of water in a heated mixing tank together with 45 liters of cold water raised the pH to 13-8,58046

The mixture was heated and stirred until a temperature of 60 ° C was reached and the tallow was dispersed in the mixture.

The resulting mixture was passed through a homogenizer ("Dispersonic Reed Vibrator") to form a finely divided emulsion.

Step 2 136.2 kg of whole soybeans were passed through a No. 3/16 sieve hammer mill to obtain a fine powder.

This flour was then mixed in a mixing tank with 180 liters of water and 500 g of NaOH.

The mixture was then passed through a corundum stone mill adjusted to 0.05 mm to form a protein solution.

The tallow emulsion formed in step 1 was cooled to 30 ° C and passed to a belt mixer to which the protein solution from step 2 was added.

To this mixture was added 370 g of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl 2 · 6HgO) dissolved in 8 liters of water, which was stirred for 30 minutes.

After this period, 4 liters of commercial formalin was added to the mixture, after which gelation took place after stirring for 5 minutes.

The obtained gel was dried in the same manner as in Example 1.

Although the present examples are directed to the protection of tallow, the process of the invention is equally applicable to the protection of lipids in general, including those which are liquid at room temperature. Furthermore, protein sources other than those derived from soybeans can be used, for example solubilized lactic acid casein, sodium caseinate or lupine protein.

Example III

f High energy feed additive) 91 kg of water was heated to 60 ° C. To this water was added 3 kg of solid NaOH (sodium hydroxide), raising the pH to 958046 12.5. To this mixture was added 72.6 kg of pre-thawed commercial tallow. The mixture was passed to a mixing tank where the dispersion of the tallow occurred during recirculation by means of a high pressure solids displacement pump. After cooling to 30 ° C, 22.7 kg of sodium caseinate was added to the emulsion. The resulting mixture was then passed twice through a corundum stone mill with the gap between the plates adjusted to 0.05 mm. In this way, the protein in the form of sodium caseinate was added to the continuous phase of the aqueous tallow emulsion without exceeding a temperature of 45 ° C. The resulting slurry was then passed to a belt mixer to which 1.6 liters of ordinary formalin was added. The material was stirred for 2 minutes during which time gelation occurred and a particulate product formed with a particle size in the range of 1-10 mm. The gelled product was dried in a Berk ring dryer at an inlet temperature of 372 ° C and a flow temperature of 490 ° C to give a fine white powder with a moisture content of 8%.

Example IV (Curing of Butter Fat) The purpose of this example is to illustrate how a hard natural fat, such as coconut oil, can be intentionally used in dairy cows' feed to increase the amount of medium chain fatty acids (8-16 carbon atoms) in butterfat to give a butter with increased melting point. desirable in tropical regions · 68.1 kg of water was heated to 60 ° C. To this water was added 1 kg of solid sodium hydroxide crystals, raising the pH to 13.0. To this mixture was added 20.4 kg of previously melted coconut oil. The mixture was heated in a mixing tank using pump-induced recirculation to disperse the coconut oil. After cooling to 30 ° C, 22.7 kg of sodium caseinate was added and the whole mixture was passed twice through a corundum stone mill with a plate clearance adjusted to 0.02 mm. Gel formation with 4 liters of formalin and subsequent drying took place as described in the previous example. When the dried powder was fed to dairy cows, the amount of medium chain acids in the butterfat increased significantly (e.g., the amount of C12 fatty acid (lauric acid) increased from about 2.5% to about 12%). In addition, the hard fraction of butter increased significantly.

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Example V

This example is presented to illustrate the disadvantages of not emulsifying a high melting fat before adding protein. 109 kg of water was heated to 85 ° C and 1.5 kg of solid sodium hydroxide crystals were added. To this solution was added 40.9 kg of whole soybeans after grinding through a No. 3/32 sieve hammer mill. To the solution was added 13.6 kg of cold tallow. The resulting mixture was ground twice through a corundum stone mill with a clearance of 2.2 mm. The elution was performed using 1.75 liters of formalin and dried as described above. Existence in rumen fluid for 20 hours to measure the resistance of the material to rumen lipolysis showed only 50% protection. Thus, denaturation of the protein had occurred prior to the addition of the tallow and, in addition, no dispersion of the cold tallow in the protein solution had occurred.

To demonstrate that lipid materials treated as described in the examples were indeed protected from rumen biohydration, samples of the protected lipid additive of Example 1 were incubated with rumen fluid for 20 hours at 38 ° C. Fatty acid levels were measured before and after incubation, and it was found that 91% of the oleic acid present before incubation was also present after incubation. 89% of linolenic acid was also present after incubation.

Similar values to those shown above, which showed resistance to rumen degradation of more than $ 80, were obtained using samples of an additive prepared according to Example 2.

By studying the hydration of small amounts of unsaturated fats in tallow (oleic and linoleic acids), a degree of protection was thus obtained.

The trypsin inhibitory effect, which occurs in uncooked soybeans and which prevents the feeding of raw soybeans to animals, was found to be lost when the soybeans were treated as described in Examples 1 and 2.

Two methods were used to determine the level of inhibition.

$ 11,5804 (1) Urease activity was determined on an additive sample prepared according to Example 1 and compared with the activity of crude soybean meal. Although a positive reaction occurred within 30 minutes of using crude soybeans, no reaction occurred within 4 hours of using the additive. It was found that elimination of urease activity indicated loss of trypsin inhibitory effect.

(2) To directly determine the inhibitory effect of trypsin, a comparison of gelatin dissolution was performed using similar and different concentrations of crude soybean and the additive prepared in Example 2 at equal and different concentrations.

Although the plate test showed an inhibitory effect when raw soybeans were used at dilutions of 1: 100 and 1: 1000, no inhibitory effect was observed when the additive was used at dilutions between 1:10 and 1: 1200.

The taste difficulties associated with the administration of high fat feed to animals have been overcome in the preparation of the protected lipid materials of the Examples.

To establish this, protected lipid feeds prepared according to Example 2 were fed to two goats in both dried and wet form.

The additive was administered to 500 g of each animal per day (calculated on a dry weight basis) together with 500 g of barley flour and 1000 g of seed club chips for 6 weeks. Supplementary feed was used freely by both goats in both wet and dry form and was administered separately or in combination with other feeds.

In a further experiment, an additive prepared according to Example 1 was administered to 3-year-old bulls in an amount of 2.27 kg per animal per day together with 2.27 kg of barley flour and 4.54 kg of seed rack shreds. The two control bulls were each given 4.54 kg of barley flour and 4.54 kg of seed rack shreds per day.

Within 1 month, the animals ate all of the above feed.

58046 The efficiency of the amount of feed used by the treated group in relation to the total weight of feed per 0.454 kg live weight increase was 10.4: 1 compared to 20.8: 1 in the control group, indicating a doubling of the efficiency of the amount of feed used.

The peak increase in live weight per day was observed to be 1.5 kg in the treatment group and 0.863 kg in the control group.

Manure analysis of the treatment group showed an ether extract content of 4.1% (on a dry weight basis) compared to 3.9% in the control group, indicating that the animals had actually utilized the protected lipid in the treatment feed.

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Claims (11)

1. Process for the preparation of additive for animal feed containing lipid material, wherein aldehyde is added to the aqueous phase of a mixture formed of proteinaceous substance and finely divided lipid, the protein being collected with the aldehyde forms a protein / aldehyde complex which encapsulates the part of the lipid substance, the proteinaceous substance is added to the aqueous phase in which the lipid substance is in finely divided form and the lipid substance is a high melting lipid, preferably tallow, lard and / or coconut oil. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous phase has an alkaline pH value. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protein / aldehyde complex is formed in the presence of metal cations. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal cations originate from such a water-soluble metal salt added to the aqueous phase before the aldehyde is added thereto. Process according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal salt is aluminum sulphate, calcium sulphate or magnesium sulphate. 6. A process according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the aldehyde is formalin.