DE2436677A1 - PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ANIMAL FEED ADDITIVE - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS 2 A 3 6 6 7

HENKEL— KERN - FEILER - HÄNZEL— MÜLLER

DR. PHIL. DIPL.-ING. DR. RER. NAT. DIPL.-ING. DIPL.-ING.

TIU.KX: 05 29 802 HNKL η E D UAR D - SCH MID-STRASSE 2 BAVERiscHEHYpoTHEKEN-UND

TELEPHONE: (08 II) 66 31 97, 66 3091-92 onnn ufvvrucv on WECHSELBANK MÜNCHEN NO. 318 - 85 ul

TI-XEURAMME: ELLIPSOID MUNICH D-öUUU MUNLHhN ! JU POSTSCHECK: MCHN 162147 -

Dalgety Agri-Lines Pty. Limited

Sydney, Australia «« Uli I 197V

Process for the production of an animal feed additive

The invention relates to measures for protecting lipids and creates opportunities for their consumption in the form of a feed additive by ruminants. Furthermore, the Invention certain modifications and improvements to the invention described in GB-PS 1,357,749.

As can be seen from the aforementioned GB-PS, the introduction of lipids into body tissues and milk is from ruminants very difficult, if not impossible, as a result of the lypolysis of such lipids in the rumen of ruminants. In the case of mono- and polyunsaturated lipids, the same applies to their subsequent biological lipids Hydrogenation. The term "lypolysis" means the cleavage of free fatty acids from the triglyceride molecule to understand.

When trying to create high-energy feed additives for ruminants, it has been shown that in one Administration of high-energy feed additives, such as lipids, in amounts greater than 4 to 5% by weight of the total feed intake of the animal affects the digestive system of ruminants to such an extent that the

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The animals' appetite for feeding is disturbed with a simultaneous loss of appetite.

According to the teachings of the aforementioned GB-PS to overcome these difficulties, the lipid substances in microscopic small particles transferred, each of which is covered with a coating or a shell of a complex of a proteinaceous material and an aldehyde is provided. Such protected lipids pass through the rumen unharmed, the protein / aldehyde complex which forms the coating or the shell is then in the abomasum or in the following Ruminants' digestive tracts split up or loosened. Such a protection becomes a change-free or unreactive passage of the lipid substances through the rumen, i.e. experience the lipid substances no lipolysis and the unsaturated lipids are then hydrogenated or converted into saturated lipids. Such protection also makes it possible to treat ruminants without impairing their appetite and / or to feed their appetite far larger amounts of saturated and / or polyunsaturated lipid materials.

In the process described in the above-mentioned GB-PS for the production of protected lipids, a certain Amount of protein in a certain amount of water and then mixed the whole thing. The resulting mixture is then mixed with a certain amount of lipid material, whereupon the water / protein / lipid mixture so is highly homogenized so that the lipid material is comminuted into microscopic particles. In the end for example, an aldehyde is added to the aqueous mass or phase. This aldehyde reacts with the

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Protein to form a protein / aldehyde complex the and around the fine particles of lipid material.

It has been found, however, that it is not necessary to add the protein to the aqueous before adding the lipid material Phase to introduce. Rather, it has been shown that good results can also be achieved when the protein portion is added after the lipid portion has been introduced into the aqueous phase. According to the invention now the person skilled in the art an improved method for protecting polyunsaturated lipids from hydrogenation or degradation in the Given the rumen of ruminants. Because of this procedure it becomes possible in body tissues and To incorporate or import polyunsaturated lipids into milk from ruminants.

If the process described in the aforementioned GB-PS is applied to the production of protected high-melting lipids, e.g. from protected tallow, lard, coconut oil and the like, it has been found that the lipid material is melted and kept at a temperature must be homogenized at or above its melting point to ensure that the lipid material crushed to fine particles and the desired result is achieved. The melting point of such high melting point However, lipids are at, near, or above the temperature at which the protein is in the mix phase is practically insoluble. In addition, the protein is very prone to denaturation at such a temperature.

The process according to the invention allows the most varied of lipid materials to be protected, from

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However, the method according to the invention is of particular advantage for the protection of high-melting lipid materials, e.g. from tallow, lard, coconut oil and the like.

The method according to the invention can be applied to the production of feed additives for any animals. The protection that can be achieved according to the invention for polyunsaturated lipid materials against and subsequent lipolysis However, biological hydrogenation is of particular importance in feed additives for ruminants. This will be discussed later will.

The invention now relates to a method for protecting an animal feed additive, in particular the process product, that of a solid or liquid, finely divided, particulate or spherical lipid material with the desired nutritional, therapeutic or prophylactic properties and a layer from which the individual particles or spheres of the lipid material enveloping and thereby delimiting and preventing immediate cleavage Reaction product of an animal or vegetable protein and an aldehyde, which is stable in the digestive tract of animals consists.

If the feed additive produced according to the invention is which is fed chew is of particular advantage that the protein / aldehyde reaction product prevents cleavage Is constant in the rumen, but undergoes a relatively simple split in the abomasum. It is also advantageous that the feed additive produced according to the invention is practically insoluble and at pH values greater than 5 is readily soluble at pH values less than 4.

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The invention now relates to a method for protecting lipid substances, which is characterized in that that he

a) to fine a lipus substance in an aqueous medium individual particles crushed;

b) introduces a protein-like material into the aqueous medium and finally

c) adding an aldehyde to the aqueous medium,

the protein and the aldehyde forming a protein / aldehyde complex which encapsulates or envelops the individual particles of the lipid substance forms.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the inventive Process characterized in that one

a) ^Q crushed a lipid material in an aqueous medium at a temperature of above 45 C to fine individual particles;

b) the process product from stage a) is ^{cooled to a temperature below 45 °} C .;

c) introduces a protein-like material into the aqueous medium and finally

d) adding an aldehyde, in particular formalin, to the aqueous medium,

the protein and the aldehyde encapsulating or enveloping the individual particles of the lipid substance Form protein / aldehyde complex.

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According to a further advantageous embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that he.

a) a lipid substance in an alkaline pH having the aqueous medium comminuted to fine, individual particles;

b) the aqueous medium with a proteinaceous material offset;

c) the aqueous medium is mixed with a metal salt and finally

d) to the aqueous medium an aldehyde, in particular Formalin, admits,

wherein the protein with the aldehyde in the presence of metal cations unites the individual particles of the lipid substance encapsulating or enveloping protein / aldehyde complex forms.

Suitable water-soluble metal salts are, for example, aluminum sulfate, calcium chloride or magnesium sulfate.

The production of protected lipids according to the invention takes place, for example, according to the following process specification:

First, a certain amount of water is poured into a suitable mixing device. The pH of the Water is made alkaline, preferably to a pH of 8 to 14. This can be done by adding any alkaline substance such as sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide can be used as an emul-

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gator for the lipid substance to be introduced into the aqueous medium to serve.

A certain amount of lipid substance is then introduced into the aqueous medium obtained and mixed with the aqueous medium Mixed medium. If the lipid substance to be protected has a high melting point, e.g. from a If the lipid is solid at room temperature, it can be melted before being introduced into the aqueous medium. The aqueous medium can also be at the same or a similar temperature to that of the melted lipid substance has to be heated.

"High-melting lipid" is (are) to be understood as meaning a (several) lipid (s) whose melting point is close is at or above the temperature at which protein denaturation begins.

The mixture obtained can then be fed to a homogenizer in which the lipid substance is too microscopic or crushed almost microscopic particles. These crushed particles can be in the aqueous Medium in the form of a homogenized suspension.

When the lipid and / or the aqueous medium has (have) been heated, the mixture can then be heated to a temperature chilled or allowed to cool below the protein denaturation temperature.

The homogenized mixture can now be used in a second mixing device combined with an added proteinaceous material and mixed. Such a protein

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like material can be made from a lactic acid-precipitated casein, sodium caseinate or from a vegetable source, such as soybeans, peanuts, sunflowers, saffron, cottonseed oil, Corn, canola, lupins, and the like, are made up of protein.

If necessary, a calcium compound can be added, to promote the formation of the protein / aldehyde protective coating.

Finally, an aldehyde, for example in the form of formalin, can be added to the mixture. The manner the addition, the proportions and the form of addition of the aldehyde are explained in more detail in the aforementioned GB-PS.

After the aldehyde has been added, the mixture can be agitated, forming the aldehyde with the proteinaceous material of a protein / aldehyde complex reacts on the individual lipid particles.

A solid gel can result from the mixture. This solid gel can be used for crushing and dividing a hammer mill are fed. After the comminution or division, the comminuted solid gel can, for example, through Relaxation drying or another suitable drying method.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the process according to the invention in more detail.

Example 1 (high-energy feed additive)

227 kg of water were heated to a temperature of 60 ⁰ C.

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Then the water was mixed with 12 1 5N NaOH, whereby the pH rose to 13.5. 45 kg of a previously melted medium were then added to the alkaline aqueous medium obtained commercially available tallow.

The resulting mixture was mixed thoroughly in a mixing vessel to disperse the sebum. The obtained tallow dispersion was passed through a corundum stone mill with a gap setting between the plates of 0.01 mm, whereby a very fine aqueous tallow emulsion was obtained. After cooling to a temperature of 30 ^° C., 136 kg of ground whole soybeans (ground on a 4.76 mm sieve plate hammer mill) were added to the emulsion. The resulting mixture was mixed in a mixer until the soybean protein in the outer (aqueous) phase of the emulsion had dissolved. The mixture obtained was then passed through a corundum stone mill with a gap setting of 0.05 mm to aid the dissolution process of the protein particles in the outer emulsion phase. In this way, the protein in the outer phase has been introduced, without the temperature rising to about 45 ⁰ C.

The resulting slurry was then transferred to a ribbon mixer, where a solution of 370 g of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl · 6H ₂ O) in 1 l of water was added. After mixing for 5 minutes, 4 liters of commercial strength formalin was added.

The resulting mixture was mixed for 2 minutes, gelation took place. Formed upon gelation

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a solid, particulate product with a particle size of 1 to 10 mm.

The product obtained was then dried in a Berk ring dryer with an inlet temperature of 18O ⁰ C to give a fine white powder was obtained with a moisture content of 11%.

Example 2 stage 1:

45 kg of solid commercially available tallow were combined with a solution of 2.4 kg of solid sodium hydroxide in 8 l Water and 45 l of cold water are poured into a heated mixer. The pH of the aqueous medium was 13.

In the mixing device the mixture was heated under stirring as long as until it had adopted a temperature of 60 ⁰ C and the tallow was dispersed in the mixture.

The obtained mixture was passed through a commercially available homogenizer to prepare a fine emulsion run.

Level 2:

136 kg of whole soybeans were passed through a 4.76 mm sieve plate hammer mill to make a fine flour. The flour obtained in this way was then in a mixer with 182 l of water and 500 g of NaOH. Finally the mixture became a recovery

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a protein solution through a corundum stone mill with run with a gap setting of 0.05 mm.

The Talgemulsion obtained in Step 1 was cooled to a temperature of 30 ⁰ C, transferred to a ribbon blender and mixed there with the mixture obtained in Step 2 protein solution. A solution of 370 g of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl ₂ * 6H ₂ O) in 8 l of water was added to the mixture obtained in this way, mixed for 30 minutes, mixed with 4 l of commercially available formalin and mixed again for 5 minutes. Gelation occurred here.

The gel obtained in this way was dried as described in Example 1.

Examples 1 and 2 were concerned with the preparation of protected sebum. However, in the same way carry out the method according to the invention also for the protection of lipids which are liquid at room temperature. Furthermore, other protein suppliers than soybean protein, e.g. solubilized milk casein, Sodium caseinate or lupine protein, can be used.

Example 3 (high-energy putter additive)

91 kg of water were heated to a temperature of 60 ⁰ C. 3 kg of solid sodium hydroxide were added to the heated water, the pH of the aqueous medium rising to 12.5. 72.6 kg of a previously melted commercial tallow were then added to the aqueous medium. The mixture was transferred to a mixer in which the sebum was agitated

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was dispersed by means of a high pressure solids circulation pump. After cooling to a temperature of 3O ⁰ C, the emulsion thus formed with 22.7 kg Natriumkaselnat was added. The resulting mixture was then passed twice through a corundum stone mill with a gap setting between the plates of 0.05 mm. In this way, the protein in the form of sodium caseinate in the external phase of the aqueous Talgemulsion was introduced without the temperature rose to about 45 ⁰ C. The resulting slurry was transferred to a ribbon mixer, where 1.6 l of commercially available formalin were added. The resulting mixture was mixed for 2 minutes, during which time gelation occurred. Upon gelation, a particulate product with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 10 mm was formed. The gelled product was dried in a Berk-Rlngtrockner having an inlet temperature of 371 ⁰ C and a Aufllaßtemperatur of 49 ° C to give a fine white powder was obtained with a moisture content of 8%.

Example 4 (hardening of butterfat)

This example illustrates how a hard natural fat, e.g. coconut oil, can be protected so that it is be added to the feed of dairy cows to increase the proportion of short-chain fatty acids in butterfat can. In this way, a butter with a higher melting point, such as that found in tropical areas, can be produced is needed, win.

68 kg of water were heated to a temperature of 60 ° C and treated with 1 kg of solid crystalline sodium hydroxide

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⁺ 'or fatty acids of medium chain length

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sets, the pH of the aqueous medium being increased to 13.0. The obtained alkaline aqueous medium was then added with 20.5 kg of a previously melted coconut oil, and the mixture was mixed in a mixer with a circulating pump to disperse the coconut oil (in the aqueous medium). After cooling to a temperature of 30 ⁰ C 22.7 kg of sodium caseinate were added and the whole twice through a corundum stone mill with a gap setting between the plates of 0.02 mm run. The gelation with 4 l formalin and the subsequent drying were carried out as in the previous examples. If the dry powder obtained was fed to dairy cows, the proportion of short-chain acids in the butter fat increased noticeably (for example, the proportion of the CL «fatty acid" lauric acid "was increased from about 2.5% to 12%). In addition, the hard fraction of butter was also increased considerably.

Example 5

This example illustrates that it is impractical not to emulsify a high melting point fat before adding the protein. 109 kg of water was heated to a temperature of 85 ° C and 1.5 kg of solid crystalline sodium hydroxide was added. To the resulting solution, 40.8 kg of whole soybeans ground in a 2 1/2 B-mm plate hammer mill were added. In addition, 6 kg of cold tallow were introduced into the solution 13 _f. The resulting mixture was passed twice through a corundum stone mill with a gap setting of 2.2 mm. Gelation with 1.75 l formalin and drying were carried out as previously described. A 20-hour in-vitro

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Incubation with rumen fluid to measure the resistance of the material to rumen lysis shows protection of only 50%. As a result, protein denaturation had occurred prior to the addition of the sebum. In addition, the cold sebum did not disperse in the protein solution.

In order to show that the examples treated according to lipid substances are protected in fact against taking place in the rumen biological hydrogenation, samples were incubated for the protected lipid feed additive of Example 1 for 20 hours at a temperature of 38 ⁰ C with rumen fluid.

The proportions of fatty acids were determined before and after the incubation, which was found to be 91% of that before the incubation oleic acid present could also be found after the incubation. Furthermore, after the Incubation also found 89% of the linoleic acid.

Corresponding values with over 80% resistance to A breakdown in the rumen was obtained with feed additive samples prepared according to Example 2.

By evaluating the hydrogenation of the small amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) in sebum the degree of protection was determined.

The trypsin inhibition factor present in uncooked soybeans, which prohibits the feeding of raw soybeans to animals, was used in the example 1 and The described treatment of soybeans is destroyed.

Two methods were used to determine the degree of inhibition carried out.

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1. With a sample of the feed additive prepared according to Example 1 the urease activity was determined and then this with the activity of raw soda bean meal compared. The raw soybeans showed a positive reaction within 30 minutes, at In contrast, the feed additive prepared according to Example 1 did not react within 4 hours. From this it was concluded that with a destruction of the urease activity a destruction of the trypsin inhibition factor went along.

2. As a direct test for the trypsin inhibition factor was a comparison of gelatin digestion with parallel and different concentrations of raw soybeans and the feed additive produced according to Example 2.

The plate test showed inhibition on raw soybeans at dilutions of 1: 100 and 1: 1000. In the case of the feed additive prepared according to Example 2, there was no inhibition at dilutions of 1:10 to 1 ι 1200.

The taste problems that arise when feeding animals with a high fat content can be overcome also avoid the protected lipid substances which can be prepared according to the invention. *

To illustrate this, protected lipid substances prepared according to Example 2 were dried and fed to two goats in wet form.

The feed additive was added in a daily amount of 500 g (dry weight) per animal together with 500 g

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Barley flour and 1000 g of lucerne chaff for 6 weeks fed. The feed additive was readily consumed by the two goats, both of them in a wet as well as in a dry state and irrespective of whether it is used separately or in combination with others Feed was given.

In a further test feeding, a feed additive prepared according to Example 1 was used in a quantity of 2.3 kg together with 2.3 kg of barley flour and 4.6 kg of lucerne chaff are fed to three one-year-old bulls. Two Control animals were fed 4.6 kg of barley meal and 4.6 kg of lucerne chaff.

The animals ate their entire ration for over a month.

The feed utilization rate of the treated group, expressed as the weight of the total feed per 0.45 kg live weight, was 10.4: 1 compared to 20.8: 1 in the comparison group (doubling of feed utilization).

The peak live weight gain was 1.5 kg / day in the test group and 0.86 kg / day in the comparison group.

A fecal analysis of the test group showed an ether extract content of 4.196 (dry weight) in comparison 3.9% in the comparison group. This shows that the protected lipid in the fed according to the invention The feed additive produced has in fact been exploited by the animals.

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Claims (16)

Claims Process for the production of an animal feed ingredient additive containing lipid substances, characterized in that that he a) a lipid substance is comminuted into fine particles in an aqueous medium; b) introduces a protein-like material into the aqueous medium and finally c) the aqueous mixture obtained is mixed with an aldehyde, wherein the protein with the aldehyde to form an encapsulating or enveloping the individual lipid particles Protein / aldehyde complex reacts. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous medium is made alkaline. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the aqueous medium by adding sodium hydroxide makes alkaline. 4. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protein / aldehyde complex can be formed in the presence of metal cations. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal cations by adding a water-soluble Metal salt introduces to the aqueous medium before step c). -18- 509809/0746 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the metal salt is aluminum sulfate, calcium chloride and / or magnesium sulfate is used. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the calcium chloride is used in the form of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl ₂ * 6H ₂ O). 8. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that as Aldehyde formalin used. 9. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Lipid material crushed into fine particles using a corundum stone mill. 10. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a vegetable protein from soybeans, peanuts, sunflowers, saffron, cottonseed, corn, rapeseed and / or lupins is used as the proteinaceous material. 11. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that milk casein and / or sodium caseinate is used as the protein-like material. 12. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lipid substance used is a high-melting lipid consisting of tallow, lard and / or coconut oil . -19- 509809/0746 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the Llpidsubstanz is comminuted in an aqueous medium at a temperature of above 45 ⁰ C to fine particles and that the product obtained is reduced to a temperature of below 45 ⁰ C before the addition of the proteinaceous material cools down. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the aqueous medium is brought to a temperature of 60 ⁰ C in step a). 15. The method according to claims 13 and / or 14, characterized in that that the product of stage a) is cooled to a temperature of 30.degree. 16. Animal feed additive made in one or more batches of the preceding claims. 509809/0746