FI127772B - Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment - Google Patents

Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment Download PDF

Info

Publication number
FI127772B
FI127772B FI20155250A FI20155250A FI127772B FI 127772 B FI127772 B FI 127772B FI 20155250 A FI20155250 A FI 20155250A FI 20155250 A FI20155250 A FI 20155250A FI 127772 B FI127772 B FI 127772B
Authority
FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
bed reactor
exhaust gas
exhaust
treatment system
sodium
Prior art date
Application number
FI20155250A
Other languages
Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
FI20155250A (en
Inventor
Plamen Toshev
Andreas Döring
Original Assignee
Man Diesel & Turbo Se
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Man Diesel & Turbo Se filed Critical Man Diesel & Turbo Se
Publication of FI20155250A publication Critical patent/FI20155250A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI127772B publication Critical patent/FI127772B/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/28—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed moving during the filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/402—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
    • B01D2255/2065—Cerium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20738—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

An exhaust gas after-treatment system (2) for an internal combustion engine, with a device (3) arranged downstream of an internal combustion engine (1) for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into an exhaust gas flow and with a separator (4) arranged downstream of said device (3) in the form of a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.

Description

Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas aftertreatment
The invention relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment system. The invention furthermore relates to a method for the exhaust gas after-treatment.
During combustion processes in stationary internal combustion engines, which are employed for example in power plants, and in combustion processes in nonstationary internal combustion engines, which are employed for example on ships, 10 sulphur oxides such as SO2 and SO3 are created, wherein these sulphur oxides are typically formed during the combustion of sulphur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal, pit coal, brown coal, oil or heavy fuel oil. For this reason, such internal combustion engines are assigned exhaust gas after-treatment systems which in particular serve for the desulphurisation of the exhaust gas leaving the internal 15 combustion engine.
For desulphurising the exhaust gas, absorptive methods are primarily known from the prior art, which as absorbent primarily use quicklime (CaO) or lime hydrate (Ca(OH)2) or calcium carbonate (CaCOs). In the process, dust or granulate is formed, wherein for removing the calcium sulphate dust from the exhaust gas filter devices have to be employed downstream of the desulphurisation.
From DE 36 03 365 C2 a method and an exhaust gas after-treatment system for the treatment of exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and dust are known.
Starting out from this, the object of the present invention is based on creating a new type of exhaust gas after-treatment system and a new type of method for the exhaust gas after-treatment.
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019
This object is solved through an exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 1.
The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention for an internal combustion engine comprises a device arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into an exhaust gas flow, and a separator arranged downstream of this device in the form of a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor. The invention proposes an exhaust gas after-treatment system which makes possible effective desulphurisation of the exhaust gas. Calcium sulphate powder and/or sodium sulphate powder being created during the desulphurisation can be effectively separated from the exhaust gas with the help of the separator.
According to an advantageous further development, the grain size of the calcium15 containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas flow via the device, the calcium and/or sodium of which has at least the oxidation stage +1, is less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.25 mm, wherein the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder preferentially comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCO3 and/or NaHCO3 and/or Na2CO3. Particularly advantageous desulphurisation of the exhaust gas is thereby possible. The relatively small grain size of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas favours effective conversion of sulphur oxides into calcium-sulphate and/or sodium sulphate. The calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder serving as adsorbent with the relatively small grain size makes available a large surface area for reaction of the adsorbent with the sulphur oxides.
According to an advantageous further development, the grain size of the granulate in the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor amounts to more than 2 mm,
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019 preferably more than 3 mm, particularly preferably more than 4 mm, wherein the granulate is preferentially calcium or sodium or magnesium-containing and comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCO3 and/or Na2CO3.
Furthermore, cordierite, silicon carbide, granite, metal balls (stainless steel) or AI2O3 can be employed.
The calcium sulphate powder and/or sodium sulphate powder formed during the reaction of the adsorbent with the sulphur oxides can be effectively separated out 10 of the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor connected downstream via the granulate and discharged from the same together with the granulate.
In particular when as granulate calcium-containing granulate is used, the exhaust gas after-treatment according to the invention can be further improved in the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention.
As a consequence of the selected grain size of the then calcium-containing granulate it can be ensured that the granulate does not react with sulphur oxides as far as to the centre and therefore at least in the core still consists of non20 reacted components which are then surrounded by a shell of calcium sulphate. Following the discharge of the granulate from the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor the shell of calcium sulphate can then be separated from the core of the granulate in order to further use the core of the granulate.
According to a further advantageous further development, an oxidation catalytic converter for the SO2 oxidation is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine and upstream of the device for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas flow. By using the oxidation
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019 catalytic converter for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 desulphurisation of the exhaust gas can be further improved since SO3 reacts more quickly with the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder employed as adsorbent than SO2.
In the case of an exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engine, the oxidation catalytic converter is positioned upstream of a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein the device for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder is positioned downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter. Through the relatively high temperatures and pressures that are present upstream of the turbine the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 in the oxidation catalytic converter is favoured.
According to a further advantageous further development, the exhaust gas after15 treatment system comprises a device for introducing NH3 (urea) or gaseous NH3 into the exhaust gas, which is arranged downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter. The desulphurisation of the exhaust gas can thereby be further improved.
The method for the exhaust gas after-treatment according to the invention is defined in Claim 15.
Preferred further developments of the invention are obtained from the subclaims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with the help of the drawing without being restricted to this. There it shows:
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019
Fig. 1: a block diagram of a first exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention;
Fig. 2: a block diagram of a second exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention;
Fig. 3: a block diagram of a third exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention; and
Fig. 4: a block diagram of a fourth exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention.
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment system for an internal combustion engine, for example to a stationary internal combustion engine in a power plant or to a non-stationary internal combustion engine as employed on a ship.
Fig. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 located downstream of an internal combustion engine 1, wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention comprises a device 3 for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1, so that accordingly the device 3 for introducing the calcium-containing and sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine 1.
Additionally, the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention comprises at least one separator arranged downstream of the device 3 for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder, wherein the separator 4 is a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019
The device 3 of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention, which serves for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodiumcontaining powder into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 introduces calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with a grain size of less than 1 mm, preferably of less than 0.5 mm, particularly preferably of less than 0.25 mm into the exhaust gas, wherein the calcium and/or sodium of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder has at least the oxidation stage +1. Preferentially, the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCO3 and/or NaHCO3 and/or Na2CO3.
The device 3 can introduce the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas flow either dry as aerosol with air as carrier gas or moist as emulsion with water as solvent.
The use of such calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder as adsorbent and the above introduction of the same into the exhaust gas via the device 3 ensures a large surface area for the reaction of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with sulphuric oxides contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1, namely SO2 and SO3, so that the sulphur oxides can be effectively converted into calcium sulphate CaSCU and/or sodium sulphate Na2SO4. The reaction of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with SO2 and SO3 typically occurs according to the following reaction equations, namely for Ca(OH)2 according to the following reaction equations
Ca(OH)2+SO2 θ CaSOs + H2O
Ca(OH)2+SO2+1/2O2 θ CaSO4 + H2O
Ca(OH)2+CO2 θ CaCOs + H2O
Ca(OH)2+SO3 <-> CaCO4 + H2O for CaC03 according to the following reaction equations
CaCO3+SO2 <-> CaSO3 + CO2
CaCO3+SO2+1/2O2 <-> CaSCL + CO2
CaCO3+SO3 <-> CaSCU + CO2 for NaHCO3 according to the following reaction equations
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+CO2+H2O
Na2CO3+SO2+1/2O2 —> Na2SO4+CO2
Na2CO3+SO3 —> Na2SO4+CO2
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019 for MgO according to the following reaction equations
MgO+SO2+1/2O2 —> MgSCU
MgO+SO3 —> MgSO4
By introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas via the device 3 upstream of the separator 4, powdery calcium sulphate CaSCL and/or sodium sulphate Na2SO4 is formed, which together with the granulate of the separator 4 designed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor can be discharged.
In the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor and thus the separator 4, the granulate is employed which compared with the calcium-containing and/or sodiumcontaining powder introduced into the exhaust gas via the device 3 has a relatively large grain size, namely a grain size of more than 2 mm, preferably of more than 3 mm, particularly preferably of more than 4 mm.
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019
An inert granulate can be used as granulate here, which reacts with the sulphur oxides that are still present in the exhaust gas. Particularly preferred however is the use of a calcium, sodium, magnesium-containing granulate which comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCO3 and/or Na2CO and/or NaHCO3 and/or MgO.
In particular when as granulate calcium or sodium-containing granulate is used, sulphur oxides that are still present in the exhaust gas can react with the granulate. Because of the relatively large grain size of the granulate defined above the sulphur dioxide does not react as far as to the centre, but in the core at least partially consists of components that have not yet reacted with sulphur oxide, which are then surrounded by a shell of calcium sulphate.
The separator 4 designed as moving bed reactor of fluidised bed reactor is preferentially assigned a device in order to separate from the granulate in the moving bed or fluidised bed calcium or sodium sulphate intercepted via the granulate, which together with the granulate is discharged from the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor. This device can for example be a drum peeler, a drum screen or a mill. The granulate freed of the calcium sulphate can subsequently be again fed back to the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor in order to thus form a granulate circuit and more effectively utilise the granulate. By using a mill the granulate is ground up remotely and added in front of the reactor, by way of which a better degree of utilisation is achieved. This is advantageous in particular when in the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor a calcium or sodium or magnesium-containing granulate is used, which can react with the sulphur oxides that are still present in the exhaust gas. In this case, the calcium sulphate or sodium sulphate or MgSCri shell of the granulate can then be separated from the core of the granulate that has not yet reacted with sulphur oxides.
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019
Fig. 2 shows a further development of the invention, in which the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention additionally comprises an oxidation catalytic converter 5, which according to Fig. 2 is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine 1 and upstream of the device 3 for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine.
In the oxidation catalytic converter 5, SO2 reacts into SO3 according to the following reaction equation
2SO3+O2 —► 2SO2
Providing the oxidation catalytic converter 5 has the advantage that the formed SO3 during the subsequent desulphurisation of the exhaust gas via the assemblies 3 and 4 reacts more rapidly with the adsorbent, namely the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas via the device 3, and if appropriate more rapidly with the calcium-containing granulate of the separator 4. Because of this, the effectiveness of the desulphurisation in the assemblies 3 and 4 can be increased.
As active components in the oxidation catalytic converter 5 for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 the following chemical elements are preferentially employed: V (vanadium), K (potassium), Na (sodium), Fe (iron), Ce (cer) and Cs (ceasium), wherein the component of vanadium (V) amounts to more than 5 %, preferably more than 7 %, particularly preferably more than 9 %. As base material, the oxidation catalytic converter 5 utilises T1O2 (titanium oxide) and/or S1O2 (silicon oxide), if appropriate stabilised by WO3 (tungsten oxide).
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019
Fig. 3 shows a version of the invention in which the internal combustion engine 1 is realised as an exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engine, in which accordingly the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 comprises a turbine 6 of an exhaust gas turbocharger, in which the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 is expanded for extracting mechanical energy.
In such an exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engine the oxidation catalytic converter 5 is arranged seen in flow direction of the exhaust gas upstream of the turbine 6, wherein the device 3 for introducing the calcium10 containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas is arranged downstream of the turbine 6.
The high pressures and high temperatures in the exhaust gas flow that are present upstream of the turbine 6 favour the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 in the oxidation catalytic converter 5.
Preferentially, the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 takes place in the oxidation catalytic converter 5 in such a manner that downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter the component of SO3 in all sulphur oxides (SOx) in the exhaust gas amounts to at 20 least 20 %, preferably more than 40 %, particularly preferably more than 60 %.
A further exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention for an internal combustion engine is shown by Fig. 4, wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 4 just like the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 2 comprises the oxidation catalytic converter
5, the device 3 for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas, the separator 4 designed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor and additionally a device 7 for introducing gaseous NH3 or
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019
NFL-precursor substances into the exhaust gas, wherein this device 7 for introducing the gaseous NH3 into the exhaust gas is arranged downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 5, so that accordingly NH3 is introduced into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 5. Here it can be provided to introduce the NH3 either directly in gaseous form in the exhaust gas flow or to inject an NFL-precursor substance such as for example urea into the exhaust gas flow and evaporate the same in the exhaust gas flow into NH3.
With the exhaust gas after-treatment systems 2 shown in Fig. 1 to 4 a multi-stage separator 4 arranged as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor can be employed in order to employ the separation of calcium sulphate and/or sodium sulphate, wherein in particular when a multi-stage separator is used, granulate of different grain size is used in the individual stages of the separator 4. Accordingly, the grain sizes of the granulate and/or the type of the granulate deviate from one another in the individual stages of the separator 4 designed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.
Preferentially, a separator 4 designed as a cross-flow separator is utilised.
The exhaust gas after-treatment system 1 according to the invention allows effective desulphurisation of exhaust gas. For desulphurising exhaust gas with the help of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention, a calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder is initially introduced downstream of the internal combustion engine in the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine and subsequently the exhaust gas conducted via a separator in the form of a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor. As described in connection with Fig. 1 to 4, desulphurisation of the exhaust gas can be improved through oxidation of SO2 into SO3 upstream of the introduction of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas and if appropriate by introducing NH3 into the exhaust gas.
Reference is made to the explanations regarding Fig. 1 to 4.
20155250 prh 24-01- 2019
List of reference numbers
Internal combustion engine
Exhaust gas after-treatment system
3 Device
Separator
Oxidation catalytic converter
Turbine
Device

Claims (13)

PatenttivaatimuksetThe claims 1. Pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä (2) polttovoimakonetta varten, jossa järjestelmässä on polttovoimakoneesta (1) alavirtaan järjestetty laite (3) kalsiumja/tai natriumpitoisen jauheen tuomiseksi pakokaasuvirtaan, ja alavirtaan tästäAn exhaust after-treatment system (2) for a combustion engine comprising a device (3) downstream of the combustion engine (1) for introducing calcium and / or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust stream, and 5 laitteesta (3) järjestetty erotin (4) raepitoisen liikkuvakerrosreaktorin tai leijukerrosreaktorin muodossa, tunnettu siitä, että alavirtaan polttovoimakoneesta (1) ja ylävirtaan laitteesta (3) kalsium-ja/tai natriumpitoisen jauheen tuomiseksi pakokaasuvirtaan on järjestetty hapetuskatalysaattori (5) SO2-hapetusta varten, että aktiivikomponentteina hapetuskatalysaattorissa (5) SO2:n hapettamiseksiSeparator (4) arranged from device (3) in the form of a granular moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that an oxidation catalyst (2) is provided downstream of the combustion engine (1) and upstream of the device (3) for introducing calcium and / or sodium-containing powder , as active components in the oxidation catalyst (5) for oxidizing SO2 10 SO3:ksi kyseeseen tulevat seuraavat kemialliset elementit: V (vanadium), K (kalium), Na (natrium), Fe (rauta), Ce (cerium) ja Cs (cesium), jolloin vanadiumin (V) osuus on enemmän kuin 5%, edullisesti enemmän kuin 7%, erityisen edullisesti enemmän kuin 9%, että SO2:n hapetus SO3:ksi tapahtuu hapetuskatalysaattorissa (5) sillä tavalla, että alavirtaan hapetuskatalysaattorista10 The following chemical elements are considered as SO3: V (vanadium), K (potassium), Na (sodium), Fe (iron), Ce (cerium) and Cs (cesium), with a vanadium (V) content of more than 5 %, preferably more than 7%, particularly preferably more than 9%, that the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 takes place in the oxidation catalyst (5) such that downstream of the oxidation catalyst 15 SO3:n osuus kaikissa pakokaasussa olevissa rikkioksideissa (SOx) on vähintään 20%, edullisesti enemmän kuin 40%, erityisen edullisesti 60%, että pakokaasuahdetussa polttovoimakoneessa hapetuskatalysaattori (5) on sijoitettu ylävirtaan pakokaasuturboahtimen turbiinista (6), jolloin laite (3) kalsium- ja/tai natriumpitoisen jauheen tuomiseksi on järjestetty alavirtaanThe proportion of SO3 in all sulfur oxides (SOx) in the exhaust gas is at least 20%, preferably more than 40%, particularly preferably 60%, that in the exhaust gas-fired combustion engine, the oxidation catalyst (5) is located upstream of the and / or sodium powder are provided downstream 20 hapetuskatalysaattorista (5), ja että laite (7) kaasumaisen NH3:n tuomiseksi pakokaasuvirtaan on järjestetty ylävirtaan hapetuskatalysaattorista (5).20, and that the device (7) for introducing gaseous NH3 into the exhaust stream is provided upstream of the oxidation catalyst (5). 2. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että laitteen (3) kautta pakokaasuvirtaan tuodun kalsium-ja/tai natriumpitoisen jauheen raekoko on pienempi kuin 1 mm, edullisesti alle 0,5 mm,Exhaust after-treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the calcium and / or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust stream through the device (3) has a particle size of less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, 25 erityisen edullisesti alle 0,25 mm.25 mm less than 0.25 mm. 3. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 tai 2 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että laitteen (3) kautta pakokaasuvirtaan tuodun kalsium- ja/tai natriumpitoisen jauheen kalsiumilla ja/tai natriumilla on vähintään hapetusaste +1.Exhaust after-treatment system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the calcium and / or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas stream via the device (3) has at least an oxidation degree of +1. 4. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1 - 3 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä,An exhaust after-treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 30 tunnettu siitä, että laitteen (3) kautta pakokaasuvirtaan tuotu kalsium-ja/tai 30 characterized in that calcium and / or calcium is introduced into the exhaust gas stream through the device (3) 20155250 prh 24-01- 2019 natriumpitoinen jauhe käsittää CaO:a ja/tai Ca(OH)2:a ja/tai CaCO3:a ja/tai NaHCO3:a ja/tai Na2CO3:a ja/tai MgO:a.20155250 prh 24-01-20199 The sodium-containing powder comprises CaO and / or Ca (OH) 2 and / or CaCO3 and / or NaHCO3 and / or Na2CO3 and / or MgO. 5. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1 - 4 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että laite (3) tuo kalsium- ja/tai natriumpitoinen jauheenExhaust after-treatment system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device (3) provides a calcium and / or sodium-containing powder. 5 pakokaasuvirtaan kuivana aerosolina tai kosteana emulsiona.5 into the exhaust stream as a dry aerosol or as a wet emulsion. 6. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1 - 5 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että liikkuvakerrosreaktorin tai leijukerrosreaktorin rakeiden raekoko on enemmän kuin 2 mm, edullisesti enemmän kuin 3 mm, erityisen edullisesti enemmän kuin 4 mm.Exhaust after-treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the granules of the moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor have a grain size of more than 2 mm, preferably more than 3 mm, more preferably more than 4 mm. 1010 7. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1 - 6 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että rakeet ovat kalsium-ja/tai natrium-ja/tai magnesiumpitoisia.Exhaust after-treatment system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the granules are calcium and / or sodium and / or magnesium-containing. 8. Patenttivaatimuksen 7 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että rakeet käsittävät CaO:a ja/tai Ca(OH)2:a ja/tai CaCO3:a ja/tai Na2CO3:a ja/tai NaHCO3:a ja/tai MgO:a.Exhaust after-treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that the granules comprise CaO and / or Ca (OH) 2 and / or CaCO3 and / or Na2CO3 and / or NaHCO3 and / or MgO . 1515 9. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1 - 8 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että liikkuvakerrosreaktori tai leijukerrosreaktori on muodostettu useampiportaiseksi, jolloin rakeiden raekoot liikkuvakerrosreaktorin tai leijukerrosreaktorin yksittäisissä portaissa poikkeavat toisistaan.An exhaust after-treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor is designed in several steps, whereby the grain sizes of the granules in the individual steps of the moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor are different. 10. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1 - 9 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittely-Exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 9 20 järjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että liikkuvakerrosreaktori tai leijukerrosreaktori on muodostettu poikkivirtauserottimeksi.20 system, characterized in that the moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor is designed as a cross-flow separator. 11. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-10 mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu liikkuvakerrosreaktorille tai leijukerrosreaktorille järjestetystä erotuslaitteesta CaSO4:n ja/tai Na2SO4:nExhaust after-treatment system according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized by a device for separating CaSO4 and / or Na2SO4 from a moving bed reactor or a fluid bed bed reactor. 25 erottamiseksi liikkuvakerrosreaktorista tai leijukerrosreaktorista yhdessä rakeiden kanssa erotetuista rakeista ja CaSO4:sta ja/tai Na2SO4:sta erotettujen rakeiden takaisinjohtamiseksi liikkuvakerrosreaktoriin tai leijukerrosreaktoriin.For separating the granules separated from the granules separated from the moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor and the CaSO4 and / or Na2SO4 into the moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor. 12. Jonkin edellisen patenttivaatimuksen mukainen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmä, tunnettu siitä, että rakeet jauhetaan erikseen ja annostellaan reaktoriin.An exhaust after-treatment system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules are milled separately and fed into a reactor. 13. Menetelmä polttovoimakoneen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyä varten, jolloin13. A method for exhaust gas after-treatment of a combustion engine, wherein 5 pakokaasuvirtaan tuodaan aluksi kalsium- ja/tai natriumpitoista jauhetta ja seuraavaksi pakokaasuvirta johdetaan raepitoisen liikkuvakerrosreaktorin tai leijukerrosreaktorin kautta, tunnettu siitä, että se suoritetaan jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-12 mukaisen pakokaasunjälkikäsittelyjärjestelmän avulla.A calcium and / or sodium-containing powder is first introduced into the exhaust gas stream and subsequently passed through a granular mobile bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that it is carried out by an exhaust after-treatment system according to any one of claims 1-12.
FI20155250A 2014-04-08 2015-04-07 Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment FI127772B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014005244.3A DE102014005244A1 (en) 2014-04-08 2014-04-08 Exhaust after-treatment system and exhaust aftertreatment process

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FI20155250A FI20155250A (en) 2015-10-09
FI127772B true FI127772B (en) 2019-02-15

Family

ID=54146162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FI20155250A FI127772B (en) 2014-04-08 2015-04-07 Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment

Country Status (6)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2015221426A (en)
KR (1) KR102323266B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104975916B (en)
DE (1) DE102014005244A1 (en)
DK (1) DK179230B1 (en)
FI (1) FI127772B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109650345B (en) * 2018-04-09 2022-03-04 西南科技大学 Method for respectively utilizing sulfur and calcium resources in gypsum

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6025178B2 (en) * 1977-10-14 1985-06-17 川崎重工業株式会社 How to treat incinerator exhaust gas
JPS5662521A (en) * 1979-10-30 1981-05-28 Babcock Hitachi Kk Removing method of sulfur oxide in exhaust gas
JPS61178022A (en) 1985-02-05 1986-08-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Simultaneous treatment of so2, so3 and dust
JPH01159034A (en) * 1987-12-16 1989-06-22 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Denitration of exhaust gas from diesel engine
JP3053045B2 (en) * 1993-10-28 2000-06-19 株式会社クボタ Fluid purification device
JP3976939B2 (en) * 1999-04-09 2007-09-19 共栄工業株式会社 Compact denitration / desulfurization equipment
US7427384B2 (en) * 2004-06-23 2008-09-23 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions of a circulating fluidized bed boiler
DE102006038289A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2008-02-21 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft aftertreatment system
JP2008275290A (en) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 National Maritime Research Institute Exhaust heat recovery device
US7850936B2 (en) * 2008-02-18 2010-12-14 Alstom Technology Ltd Dry sulfur dioxide (SO2) scrubbing
DE102008041530A1 (en) * 2008-08-25 2010-03-04 Dirk Dombrowski Process and exhaust system for the purification of SOx-containing exhaust gases, in particular marine propulsion engines
JP2010188333A (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-09-02 Michio Uemura Method of cleaning fluidized bed of diesel exhaust
DE102011004900A1 (en) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-06 Dirk Dombrowski Combined, mineral desulfurizing- and reducing agent, useful e.g. for desulfurization, denitrogenation and/or neutralization of hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen fluoride of exhaust gases from combustion processes, comprises porous granules
MX343739B (en) * 2011-03-28 2016-11-22 Haldor Topsoe As Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in the exhaust gas from internal combustion engine.
DE102012008523A1 (en) * 2012-05-02 2013-11-07 Man Truck & Bus Ag aftertreatment system
JP6074912B2 (en) * 2012-05-11 2017-02-08 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Exhaust gas purification system and exhaust gas purification method
JP2014043814A (en) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-13 National Maritime Research Institute Exhaust gas purification system and vessel mounted with the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK201570198A1 (en) 2015-11-02
KR102323266B1 (en) 2021-11-08
DK179230B1 (en) 2018-02-19
FI20155250A (en) 2015-10-09
DE102014005244A1 (en) 2015-10-08
KR20150116792A (en) 2015-10-16
CN104975916B (en) 2019-05-31
JP2015221426A (en) 2015-12-10
CN104975916A (en) 2015-10-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2745160C (en) Handling of acids from compressed oxyfuel-derived co2
AU2011259876B2 (en) Exhaust gas treatment system and method
CN103990362A (en) Method and device for removing sulfur, nitre and mercury in smoke
US7850936B2 (en) Dry sulfur dioxide (SO2) scrubbing
CN101385943A (en) Deprivation technique based on semi-dry process
JP2009166011A (en) Exhaust gas treatment system and its method of coal fired boiler
FI127391B (en) Exhaust aftertreatment system and method for exhaust aftertreatment
AU2011259873B2 (en) Air pollution control system and method
CN101310834B (en) Desulfurization, denitration, demercuration technique using gas-liquid contact step oxidation process
JP6636259B2 (en) Exhaust gas aftertreatment system and method for exhaust gas aftertreatment
AU2008331589A1 (en) Process for promoting mercury retention in wet flue gas desulfurization systems
CN101632897A (en) Method for simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitric oxides in flue gas
CA2745173A1 (en) Sorbent use with oxyfuel sour compression
CN105664684A (en) Method for removing SO2 and NO in oxygen-enriched combustion flue gas at high pressure and device thereof
FI127772B (en) Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment
JPH0523535A (en) Removal of acidic gas from combustion exhaust gas
WO2021246317A1 (en) Method for separating and recovering co2 in cement production exhaust gas, and co2 separation and recovery device
US20140105800A1 (en) Method for processing a power plant flue gas
US5817283A (en) Method for removing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from combustion gases
CN106310847A (en) Oxygen-enriched combustion boiler flue gas purification and resource recycling system and process
KR20220144993A (en) Apparatus for treating gas from combustion installations
KR100225474B1 (en) Method for removing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from combustion gases
White et al. Handling of acids from compressed oxyfuel-derived CO2
CN113117510A (en) Flue gas desulfurization and denitrification method based on sodium bisulfite
Svendsen et al. Method for capturing CO 2 from exhaust gas

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PC Transfer of assignment of patent

Owner name: MAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS SE

FG Patent granted

Ref document number: 127772

Country of ref document: FI

Kind code of ref document: B