DK201570198A1 - Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment - Google Patents

Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after-treatment Download PDF

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DK201570198A1
DK201570198A1 DK201570198A DKPA201570198A DK201570198A1 DK 201570198 A1 DK201570198 A1 DK 201570198A1 DK 201570198 A DK201570198 A DK 201570198A DK PA201570198 A DKPA201570198 A DK PA201570198A DK 201570198 A1 DK201570198 A1 DK 201570198A1
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exhaust gas
treatment system
bed reactor
sodium
calcium
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DK201570198A
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Andreas Döring
Plamen Toshev
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Man Diesel & Turbo Se
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/28—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed moving during the filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/402—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
    • B01D2255/2065—Cerium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20738—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

An exhaust gas after-treatment system (2) for an internal combustion engine, with a device (3) arranged downstream of an internal combustion engine (1) for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into an exhaust gas flow and with a separator (4) arranged downstream of said device (3) in the form of a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.

Description

Exhaust gas after-treatment system and method for the exhaust gas after- treatment
The invention relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment system. The invention furthermore relates to a method for the exhaust gas after-treatment.
During combustion processes in stationary internal combustion engines, which are employed for example in power plants, and in combustion processes in non-stationary internal combustion engines, which are employed for example on ships, sulphur oxides such as SO2 and SO3 are created, wherein these sulphur oxides are typically formed during the combustion of sulphur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal, pit coal, brown coal, oil or heavy fuel oil. For this reason, such internal combustion engines are assigned exhaust gas after-treatment systems which in particular serve for the desulphurisation of the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine.
For desulphurising the exhaust gas, absorptive methods are primarily known from the prior art, which as absorbent primarily use quicklime (CaO) or lime hydrate (Ca(OH)2) or calcium carbonate (CaCOs). In the process, dust or granulate is formed, wherein for removing the calcium sulphate dust from the exhaust gas filter devices have to be employed downstream of the desulphurisation.
From DE 36 03 365 C2 a method and an exhaust gas after-treatment system for the treatment of exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and dust are known.
Starting out from this, the object of the present invention is based on creating a new type of exhaust gas after-treatment system and a new type of method for the exhaust gas after-treatment.
This object is solved through an exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 1.
The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention for an internal combustion engine comprises a device arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into an exhaust gas flow, and a separator arranged downstream of this device in the form of a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor. The invention proposes an exhaust gas after-treatment system which makes possible effective desulphurisation of the exhaust gas. Calcium sulphate powder and/or sodium sulphate powder being created during the desulphurisation can be effectively separated from the exhaust gas with the help of the separator.
According to an advantageous further development, the grain size of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas flow via the device, the calcium and/or sodium of which has at least the oxidation stage +1, is less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.25 mm, wherein the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder preferentially comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCOs and/or NaHCOs and/or Na2C03. Particularly advantageous desulphurisation of the exhaust gas is thereby possible. The relatively small grain size of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas favours effective conversion of sulphur oxides into calcium-sulphate and/or sodium sulphate. The calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder serving as adsorbent with the relatively small grain size makes available a large surface area for reaction of the adsorbent with the sulphur oxides.
According to an advantageous further development, the grain size of the granulate in the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor amounts to more than 2 mm, preferably more than 3 mm, particularly preferably more than 4 mm, wherein the granulate is preferentially calcium or sodium or magnesium-containing and comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaC03 and/or NaaCOs.
Furthermore, cordierite, silicon carbide, granite, metal balls (stainless steel) or AI2O3 can be employed.
The calcium sulphate powder and/or sodium sulphate powder formed during the reaction of the adsorbent with the sulphur oxides can be effectively separated out of the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor connected downstream via the granulate and discharged from the same together with the granulate.
In particular when as granulate calcium-containing granulate Is used, the exhaust gas after-treatment according to the invention can be further improved in the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention.
As a consequence of the selected grain size of the then calcium-containing granulate it can be ensured that the granulate does not react with sulphur oxides as far as to the centre and therefore at least in the core still consists of non-reacted components which are then surrounded by a shell of calcium sulphate. Following the discharge of the granulate from the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor the shell of calcium sulphate can then be separated from the core of the granulate In order to further use the core of the granulate.
According to a further advantageous further development, an oxidation cataiytic converter for the SO2 oxidation is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine and upstream of the device for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas flow. By using the oxidation catalytic converter for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 desuipburisation of the exhaust gas can be further improved since SO3 reacts more quickly with the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder employed as adsorbent than S02-
In the case of an exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engine, the oxidation catalytic converter is positioned upstream of a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein the device for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder is positioned downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter. Through the relatively high temperatures and pressures that are present upstream of the turbine the oxidation of S02 into SO3 in the oxidation catalytic converter is favoured.
According to a further advantageous further development, the exhaust gas after-treatment system comprises a device for introducing NH3 (urea) or gaseous NH3 into the exhaust gas, which is arranged downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter. The desulphurisation of the exhaust gas can thereby be further improved.
The method for the exhaust gas after-treatment according to the invention is defined in Claim 15.
Preferred further developments of the invention are obtained from the subclaims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with the help of the drawing without being restricted to this. There it shows:
Fig. 1: a block diagram of a first exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention;
Fig. 2: a block diagram of a second exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention;
Fig. 3: a block diagram of a third exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention; and
Fig. 4: a block diagram of a fourth exhaust gas after-treatment system according to the invention.
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment system for an internal combustion engine, for example to a stationary internal combustion engine in a power plant or to a non-stationary internal combustion engine as employed on a ship.
Fig. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 located downstream of an internal combustion engine 1, wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention comprises a device 3 for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1, so that accordingly the device 3 for introducing the calcium-containing and sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine 1.
Additionally, the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention comprises at least one separator arranged downstream of the device 3 for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder, wherein the separator 4 is a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.
The device 3 of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention, which serves for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 introduces calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with a grain size of less than 1 mm, preferably of less than 0.5 mm, particularly preferably of less than 0.25 mm into the exhaust gas, wherein the calcium and/or sodium of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder has at least the oxidation stage +1. Preferentially, the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaC03 and/or NaHCOa and/or Na^COs.
The device 3 can introduce the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas flow either dry as aerosol with air as carrier gas or moist as emulsion with water as solvent.
The use of such calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder as adsorbent and the above introduction of the same into the exhaust gas via the device 3 ensures a large surface area for the reaction of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with sulphuric oxides contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1, namely SO2 and SO3, so that the sulphur oxides can be effectively converted into calcium sulphate CaS04 and/or sodium sulphate Na2S04. The reaction of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder with SO2 and SO3 typically occurs according to the following reaction equations, namely for Ca(OH)2 according to the following reaction equations
Figure DK201570198A1D00081
for CaCOs according to the following reaction equations
Figure DK201570198A1D00082
for NaHCOs according to the following reaction equations
Figure DK201570198A1D00083
Figure DK201570198A1D00091
for MgO according ίο the following reaction equations
Figure DK201570198A1D00092
By introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas via the device 3 upstream of the separator 4, powdery calcium sulphate CaSCU and/or sodium sulphate Na2S04 is formed, which together with the granulate of the separator 4 designed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor can be discharged.
In the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor and thus the separator 4, the granulate is employed which compared with the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas via the device 3 has a relativeiy large grain size, namely a grain size of more than 2 mm, preferably of more than 3 mm, particularly preferably of more than 4 mm.
An inert granulate can be used as granulate here, which reacts with the sulphur oxides that are still present in the exhaust gas. Particularly preferred however is the use of a calcium, sodium, magnesium-containing granulate which comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCOs and/or Na2CO and/or NaHCOs and/or MgO.
In particular when as granulate calcium or sodium-containing granulate is used, sulphur oxides that are still present in the exhaust gas can react with the granulate. Because of the relatively large grain size of the granulate defined above the sulphur dioxide does not react as far as to the centre, but in the core at least partially consists of components that have not yet reacted with sulphur oxide, which are then surrounded by a shell of calcium sulphate.
The separator 4 designed as moving bed reactor of fluidised bed reactor is preferentially assigned a device in order to separate from the granulate in the moving bed or fluidised bed calcium or sodium sulphate intercepted via the granulate, which together with the granulate is discharged from the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor. This device can for example be a drum peeler, a drum screen or a mill. The granulate freed of the calcium sulphate can subsequently be again fed back to the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor in order to thus form a granulate circuit and more effectively utilise the granulate. By using a mill the granulate is ground up remotely and added in front of the reactor, by way of which a better degree of utilisation is achieved. This is advantageous in particular when in the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor a calcium or sodium or magnesium-containing granulate is used, which can react with the sulphur oxides that are still present in the exhaust gas. In this case, the calcium sulphate or sodium sulphate or MgS04 shell of the granulate can then be separated from the core of the granulate that has not yet reacted with sulphur oxides.
Fig. 2 shows a further development of the invention, in which the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention additionally comprises an oxidation catalytic converter 5, which according to Fig. 2 is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine 1 and upstream of the device 3 for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine.
In the oxidation catalytic converter 5, SO2 reacts into SO3 according to the following reaction equation
Figure DK201570198A1D00101
Providing the oxidation catalytic converter 5 has the advantage that the formed SO3 during the subsequent desulphurisation of the exhaust gas via the assemblies 3 and 4 reacts more rapidly with the adsorbent, namely the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas via the device 3, and if appropriate more rapidly with the calcium-containing granulate of the separator 4. Because of this, the effectiveness of the desulphurisation in the assemblies 3 and 4 can be increased.
As active components in the oxidation catalytic converter 5 for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 the following chemical elements are preferentially employed: V (vanadium), K (potassium), Na (sodium), Fe (iron), Ce (cer) and Cs (ceasium), wherein the component of vanadium (V) amounts to more than 5 %, preferably more than 7 %, particularly preferably more than 9 %. As base material, the oxidation catalytic converter 5 utiiises T1O2 (titanium oxide) and/or S1O2 (silicon oxide), if appropriate stabilised by WO3 (tungsten oxide).
Fig. 3 shows a version of the invention in which the internal combustion engine 1 is realised as an exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engine, in which accordingly the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 comprises a turbine 6 of an exhaust gas turbocharger, in which the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine 1 is expanded for extracting mechanical energy.
In such an exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engine the oxidation catalytic converter 5 is arranged seen in flow direction of the exhaust gas upstream of the turbine 6, wherein the device 3 for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas is arranged downstream of the turbine 6.
The high pressures and high temperatures in the exhaust gas flow that are present upstream of the turbine 6 favour the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 in the oxidation catalytic converter 5.
Preferentially, the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 takes place in the oxidation catalytic converter 5 in such a manner that downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter the component of SO3 in all sulphur oxides (SOx) in the exhaust gas amounts to at least 20 %, preferably more than 40 %, particularly preferably more than 80 %.
A further exemplary embodiment of an exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention for an internal combustion engine is shown by Fig. 4, wherein the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 4 just like the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 of Fig. 2 comprises the oxidation catalytic converter 5, the device 3 for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas, the separator 4 designed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor and additionally a device 7 for introducing gaseous NH3 or NHa-precursor substances into the exhaust gas, wherein this device 7 for introducing the gaseous NH3 into the exhaust gas is arranged downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 5, so that accordingly NH3 is introduced into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter 5. Here it can be provided to introduce the NH3 either directly in gaseous form in the exhaust gas flow or to inject an NH3-precursor substance such as for example urea into the exhaust gas flow and evaporate the same in the exhaust gas flow into NH3.
With the exhaust gas after-treatment systems 2 shown in Fig. 1 to 4 a multi-stage separator 4 arranged as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor can be employed in order to employ the separation of calcium sulphate and/or sodium sulphate, wherein in particular when a multi-stage separator is used, granulate of different grain size is used in the individual stages of the separator 4. Accordingly, the grain sizes of the granulate and/or the type of the granulate deviate from one another in the individual stages of the separator 4 designed as moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.
Preferentially, a separator 4 designed as a cross-flow separator is utilised.
The exhaust gas after-treatment system 1 according to the invention allows effective desulphurisation of exhaust gas. For desulphurising exhaust gas with the help of the exhaust gas after-treatment system 2 according to the invention, a calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder is initially introduced downstream of the internal combustion engine in the exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine and subsequently the exhaust gas conducted via a separator in the form of a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor. As described in connection with Fig, 1 to 4, desulphurisation of the exhaust gas can be improved through oxidation of SO2 into SO3 upstream of the introduction of the caicium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas and if appropriate by introducing NH3 into the exhaust gas.
Reference is made to the explanations regarding Fig. 1 to 4.
List of reference numbers 1 Internal combustion engine 2 Exhaust gas after-treatment system 3 Device / device for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium- containing powder into an exhaust gas flow 4 Separator 5 Oxidation catalytic converter 8 Turbine 7 Device/ device for introducing gaseous NH3 or NH3-precursor substances into the exhaust gas

Claims (19)

1. An exhaust gas after-treatment system (2) for an internal combustion engine, with a device (3) for introducing calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into an exhaust gas flow arranged upstream of an internal combustion engine (1), and with a separator (4) in the form of a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor arranged upstream of said device (3).
2. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grain size of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced info the exhaust gas flow via the device (3) amounts to less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.25 mm.
3. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the calcium and/or sodium of the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas flow via the device (3) has at least the oxidation stage +1.
4. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder introduced into the exhaust gas flow via the device (3) comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCQa and/or NaHCOs and/or NaaCOs and/or MgO.
5. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device (3) introduces the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder dry as aerosol or moist as emulsion into the exhaust gas flow.
6. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the grain size of the granulate in the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor amounts to more than 2 mm, preferably more than 3 mm, particularly preferably more than 4 mm.
7. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the granulate contains calcium and/or sodium and/or magnesium.
8. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 7, characterized in that the granulate comprises CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCOa and/or Na2C03 and/or NaHC03 and/or MgO.
9. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor is designed in multiple stages, wherein the grain sizes of the granulate in the individual stages in the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor deviate from one another.
10. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor is designed as a cross-flow separator.
11. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that an oxidation catalytic converter (5) for the SCV oxidation is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine (1) and upstream of the device (3) for introducing the calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder into the exhaust gas flow.
12. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the following chemical elements are employed as active components in the oxidation catalytic converter (5) for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3: V (vanadium), K (potassium), Na (sodium), Fe (iron), Ce (cer) and Cs (ceasium), wherein the component of vanadium (V) amounts to more than 5 %, preferably more than 7 %, particularly preferably more than 9 %.
13. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the oxidation of SO2 into SO3 in the oxidation catalytic converter (5) takes place in such a manner that downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter the component of SO3 in all sulphur oxides (SOx) in the exhaust gas amounts to at least 20 %, preferably more than 40 %, particularly preferably more than 60 %.
14. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 11, characterized in that with an exhaust gas supercharged internal combustion engine the oxidation catalytic converter (5) is positioned upstream of a turbine (6) of an exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein the device (3) for introducing the calcium-containing and sodium-containing powder is positioned downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter (5).
15. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to Claim 11 or 14, characterized by a device (7) for introducing gaseous NH3 into the exhaust gas flow, which is arranged upstream of the oxidation catalytic converter (5).
16. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 15, characterized by a separating device assigned to the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor for separating CaS04 and/or Na2S04 from the granulate separated out of the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor together with the granulate and for returning the granulate separated from the CaS04 and/or Na2S04 into the moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.
17. The exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granulate is remotely ground up and metered in front of the reactor.
18. A method for the exhaust gas after-treatment of exhaust gas leaving an internal combustion engine, wherein a calcium-containing and/or sodium-containing powder is initially introduced into an exhaust gas flow, and where subsequently the exhaust gas flow is conducted via one of a granulate-containing moving bed reactor or fluidised bed reactor.
19. The method according to Claim 18, characterized in that the same is carried out with the help of the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to any one of the Claims 1 to 17.
DKPA201570198A 2014-04-08 2015-04-07 Udstødningsgasefterbehandlingssystem og fremgangsmåde til udstødningsgasefterbehandling DK179230B1 (en)

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JPS61178022A (en) 1985-02-05 1986-08-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Simultaneous treatment of so2, so3 and dust
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