FI127700B - Building material - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a building material (110) comprising at least one electrically conductive low-emissivity surface (103) provided with an aperture (203) for intensifying transmission of an electromagnetic signal through a building material, and wherein the aperture has a substantially less conductivity than the low-emissivity surface ( 103). The edge of said aperture (103) disposed in said low-passivity surface (103) forms at least one closed edge curve (223), and said aperture (203) determines a closed envelope curve (224) such that said aperture (203) lies within the closed envelope curve (224). and wherein the area bounded by the closed envelope curve (224) has a surface substantially larger than the surface of the opening (203) within the closed envelope curve (224), and a length substantially smaller than the length of the closed edge curve (223), a region (231) of the low missivity surface (103) formed within the region bounded by the closed envelope curve (224), at which the closed envelope curve (224) does not coincide with the edge curve (223). Said electrically conductive region (231) of the low-passivity surface (103) determines at least two edges of the aperture (203) which are arranged at least a distance (234) from each other, and said edges are at least partially spaced apart.

Description

The present invention relates to a building material comprising at least an electrically conductive low-ejection surface having a radio-transmitting aperture for enhancing the transmission of an electromagnetic signal. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing an insulating glass element, and to a method for transmitting radio signals from one side to the other side of an insulating glass element.

Background of the Invention

The construction industry's ambitions for passive and zero energy houses have led to a situation where high-performance thermal insulation strongly suppresses signals from cellular phones and other wireless systems, which can make it even impossible to use a cellphone inside the building. There are many reasons for this suppression, but one of the causes is the so-called. use of selective glasses, where the windows are coated with electrically conductive coatings

matalaemissiviteettipinnoitteilla.

Communication between wireless communication devices such as mobile phones, tablets, or sensors classified as Internet of Things (IOT) is based on the management of electromagnetic energy, i.e., the properties of propagating electromagnetic waves, and the ability to receive and read information associated with them. Controlled combining of information into a portion of an electromagnetic wave is called modulation, while controlled decompression of this information from an electromagnetic wave is called demodulation. An individual discrete sinusoidal oscillating frequency component which is part of an electromagnetic spectrum can be called an electromagnetic signal. Alternatively, in some contexts, an electromagnetic signal may also be referred to as a region comprising a defined portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, wherein a combination of discrete frequency components contained within si2 carries some of the transmitted information in its entirety.

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Most of the electromagnetic spectrum bands currently in use in mobile phones are classified in the UHF frequency band (300 MHz to 3GHz) and, to an increasing extent, also in the SHF frequencies (3-30 GHz). Frequency allocations for new short-range mobile communications are also planned in the EHF range (30-300 GHz).

Wireless communication can be either one-way or two-way. For conventional mobile devices, communication with base stations is bidirectional, whereas communication with wireless sensors, for example, can be unidirectional. Operation of such a wireless communication connection is required when the sensitivity level of the device receiving the sig15 wireless signal is sufficiently low in relation to the power level of the received signal. A significant factor affecting the sensitivity of the receiving device is the noise level generated by the device's own electronic circuits; signals with lower power levels than noise are difficult to receive without losing some of the signal information.

Also, the addition of electromagnetic interference from the receiver environment to the received signal may reduce the quality of the communication connection and cause connection problems.

The power level of the received signal is influenced, for example, by adjusting the transmission power of the transmitting device and, in the case of mobile networks, by designing a base station communication network sufficiently dense. However, building attenuation, which is a significant disadvantage to this communication link, is a particularly challenging problem because it significantly weakens the functionality of wireless communication links across building walls. In typical low energy buildings, the attenuations measured may be, for example, values between 20 and 50 dB. By way of comparison, each six decibel (6 dB) power increase in transmit power on average doubles the link spacing in free space. Conversely, each additional six decibel attenuation on average halves the maximum theoretical coupling3

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Meanwhile. Building suppression is thus a major disadvantage in designing wireless link spacing and, for practical reasons, cannot be compensated for by merely increasing transmit power. In addition, at least one device in the communication interval, such as a cellular telephone, is most often a battery-powered device, which always aims to minimize the transmission power in order to maximize battery life.

Conventionally, signals from wireless systems can enter through windows in buildings, but electrically conductive low-activity coatings block these signal paths. In addition to windows, sig10 electromagnetic signals have previously been able to penetrate walls of buildings, but aluminum-coated thermal insulation panels, which are now commonly used in walls, effectively prevent signals from entering the building. Also, reinforcements in concrete structures, together with electrically high-loss cement, can dampen electromagnetic signals, whereby, even when passing through such a structure, the signal strength may be too weak to have, for example, sufficient signal strength on the other side of the structure.

Attempts have been made to solve this problem by, for example, a passive antenna antenna system comprising two separate antennas and a transmission line connecting the two antennas. However, the challenge of a passive antenna repeater is that, in order to operate at an even level, it must be precisely directed towards the operator's base station.

Other solutions are also known, such as Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), in which periodic lattice structures are formed over a wide area of the glass to reduce the permeability of the glass. The frequency-selective surfaces formed on the glass surfaces are planar, two-dimensional filters that can be designed as either band 30 block, band pass, high pass, or low pass filters. Frequency-selective surfaces are also generally well known in the art of selective glasses. For example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,364,685 A to Central Glass Company, periodic discontinuous portions, such as partitions of the entire glass surface, are formed in a laminated selective glass to improve transmission of the electromagnetic signal.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 incised or gridded FSS filters. Also in US 6,730,389 B2, FSS filters are formed on the surface of a selective film to solve the same problem. Typically, the topologies used in the elements of the FSS filter are various loops, as in US 8,633,866 B2.

US 6356236 B1 also discloses a frequency-selective surface arranged on a low-emissivity surface, wherein said surface comprises a lattice-frequency-selective region, and wherein said low-emissivity surface is laminated between two glasses.

For frequency-selective surfaces formed on glass surfaces, the first technical problem is the wide processing area they require. The coating can be removed by, for example, laser, etching, or mechanical machining. The coating removal device must be capable of processing the selective sealing surface both in the width direction and in the longitudinal direction of the glass. In continuous mass production, this is technically difficult to accomplish with the precision and speed required by the process. The frequency-selective surface, which encompasses a wide processing industry, is also a delicate eye-quality defect in the window glass.

The frequency-selective surfaces formed on the glass surface also have another technical problem due to the low electrical conductivity of the selective surface. Frequency-selective surfaces made on the surface of typical metals such as aluminum or copper can achieve very low transmittance for the electromagnetic signal. However, the frequency-selective surface provided on the selective surface of the glass has significantly higher resistive losses, which is reflected in a decrease in the permeation efficiency. For example, the surface resistances of low-emissivity surfaces used on glass surfaces may be in the range of 10-100 Ω / square, though in some cases also somewhat less and in some cases much more. The wide range of surface resistances is due to the wide application of coatings. Some of the low-emissivity coatings are used in the gas-insulated space of the thermal glazing element, while some are used in the outer layers of the thermal glazing or laminated between two glass panes. In a generally gas-insulated space, so-called. a soft film, while the outer glass surfaces use so-called "soft" film. hard film mm.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 To eliminate the strain on the window from the open air and cleaning. Coatings on the outermost glass surfaces can influence, for example, light transmission, solar energy filtering, or fogging of the glasses.

The frequency-selective surfaces formed on the glass surface also have a third technical problem due to the effect of increasing the size of the transmitting aperture on the summing of the transmitting waves. In practice, this is reflected in the fact that the reflection pattern formed by the surface, which can also be depicted antenna-technically in the directional pattern, is usually determined by a narrow beam in a single maximum direction, where the maximum direction orientation is determined by the incoming electromagnetic wave. The frequency-selective surface penetration characteristics typically decrease when an electromagnetic signal illuminating the surface arrives from a direction other than the primary maximum. In other words, if the permeability properties of the surface are optimized, for example, for an electromagnetic signal coming from the normal direction of the glass surface, due to its symmetry the direction pattern of the electromagnetic wave passing through it is concentrated inside the relatively narrow beam. This is not a favorable feature for improving the coverage of the cellular network because the location of the base stations and the location of the wireless device are both unknown and unpredictable. In practice, penetration can be effective only in individual cases where both the base station's outdoor location and the wireless device's location inside the building are in carefully selected directions.

One technical problem is related to the dependence between the open areas of the low-surface area of the building material and the heat insulation capacity. For example, in Utility Model Application U20144180 - StealthCase Oy, it is stated that one or more electrically conductive surfaces of a glass can be made non-conductive (openings), i.e., not coated at sites intended to form fracture radiators, where , and may preferably have an elongated shape. For example, a wide band gap radiator can be implemented with a wide aperture whose resonance impedance can be matched to a wave impedance of an electromagnetic wave propagating in the air, but

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The surface area of the opening will form a heat leaking area if it is implemented on a low emptying surface. In addition to reflecting the wave due to the impedance of a single narrow aperture, the behavior of a single narrow aperture is also impaired by the behavior of currents around the aperture.

With a narrow opening, the actual current generating the current forming the electromagnetic radiation remains relatively small, while the two-way current in the opposite direction of the narrow opening becomes too large. The two equally hateful currents of almost equal magnitude in opposite directions cancel out the radiation from each other. A solution to increase heat loss would be to widen the aperture, which makes the behavior of the currents more favorable to the formation of radiation. A solution according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention cancels out said reverse radiation attenuating currents, thereby making narrow openings more efficient radiators.

The planar frequency-selective surface formed on the selective surface on the glass surface has similar technical properties to a large light aperture without a selective film. In practice, this means that the diffraction of an electromagnetic wave from the aperture in question behaves in the same way as a wide aperture, where the aperture width is several wavelengths. The diffraction pattern caused by the wide aperture differs significantly from the diffraction pattern of the narrow aperture.

Minimizing wireless signal attenuation is often a primary means of improving the quality of the connection, or even creating conditions for wireless communication in the dark. Modern wireless communication systems are also capable of increasing the quality of wireless communication over multiple parallel communication channels, in which parallel channels are established on physically unrelated propagation channels. This approach has already become an almost indispensable part of modern systems, such as those used in 3G and 4G network diversity technologies, as well as 4G and future 5G (IMT-2020) networks ΜΙΜΟ (Multiple Input - Multiple Output) and Massive MIMO technologies. .

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MIMO techniques are based on uncorrelated data streams created by multiple transmitter and receiver antennas. Techniques can be used to improve connectivity problems due to multipath propagation (diversity gain), or to increase the capacity and spectral efficiency of the wireless communication channel, thereby increasing the maximum data rate that can be achieved within a specified time.

Wireless transmission itself is an environment that is constantly changing in time and place and is very damaging to the wireless signal. However, multipath propagation10 can be utilized to improve connection efficiency. The starting point for exploiting diversity and MIMO techniques is the rich scattering environment. Multipath components are always present, but there are major differences between scattering environments. In buildings, one of the major structural challenges to the scattering environment is the very limited signal direction. Conventionally, the building envelope is capable of receiving substantially more multipath-enhanced signal components than the interior damping wall structures filtering signals from almost any open aperture.

One way to enhance the scattering environment inside a building is to ensure scattering of signals from a base station network outside the building from multiple locations and directions. Multiple directions mean not only the use of multiple apertures in the wall structure of a single room, but also the consideration of multiple directions of entry outside the mantle.

Another way to improve the scattering environment inside a building is to ensure that more signals arriving in non-correlated polarizations are scattered30 into the building's room.

A rich scattering environment inside buildings, based on an external access point network, is a particularly effective way to improve the quality of indoor communication. Diversity Reception Wireless Communications8

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Devices are capable of operating at lower signal strengths than wireless devices operating without diversity reception, if uncorrelated signal streams are placed indoors.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved building material in which the above drawbacks are substantially eliminated. The present invention is based on the idea that the edge of said low-side opening 10 forms at least one closed edge curve, and that the edge of said low-side opening opening forms at least one closed edge curve, and that said opening defines a closed curve such that said opening is the area of the area enclosed by the closed curve being substantially larger than the area and length of the inner opening of the closed curve substantially less than the length of the closed boundary curve, thereby forming at least one area .

In addition to solving the above technical problems, one of the advantageous features of the present invention is the optimization of the gap impedance matching and bandwidth of the gap radiator so that the physical area of the electrically non-conductive region formed on the low-emitting surface can be miniaturized simultaneously.

It is well known in the art of conventional coaxial cable or planar transmission lines such as microstrip or coplanar wire how the gap width affects the impedance of the slot antenna. According to the Ba30 binefn principle, an impedance equivalent to the impedance of a dipole antenna can be calculated for the gap antenna impedance. It is known from dipole antennas how widening the antenna's metal conductor widens the antenna's operating band when used as an input impedance, e.g.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Slope 50 Ω transmission lines. Correspondingly, the impedance behavior of the slit antenna fed by the transmission line as a function of frequency is favored against this impedance when the slit antenna slit width can be widened. A similar analogy can also be observed with a resonant opening formed in an electrically conductive coating, wherein an electric field vector comprising a non-conductive region of the opening forms a resonant circuit with a surface current oscillating in the conductive region delimited by the edge. The impedance of the opening is determined by the ratio of the electric and magnetic fields contained in the opening. In a typical case, for example, wideband adaptation of the impedance of a rectangular resonant aperture to a free space wave impedance occurs, for example, with 20-40 mm wide apertures, although this strongly depends on the properties of the dielectric material, for example.

The purpose of the low-level surface is to reduce the amount of thermal radiation that penetrates the building envelope. The implementation of wide openings such as the preceding example on a low-emitting surface causes local weakening of the thermal radiation insulation capacity. Similarly, with narrow single apertures without utilizing parallel resonances, such as

At 100 µm wide openings, achieving wide impedance matching with low emitting surface gap radiators is challenging.

It is an object of a preferred embodiment of the present invention to solve the above problem by substantially reducing the physical surface area of the aperture formed on the low-emitting surface, while achieving a behavior favorable to the impedance matching of the aperture. behavior. A low aperture formed by a curved narrow linear aperture is formed on the low activity surface, the silhouette of which defines an area substantially larger than the physical surface area of the aperture.

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One advantage of the curving edge curve of a narrow linear opening is also the extension of the path of the resonating current loop. This means that the physical surface area required by the antenna is reduced compared to a similar aperture tuned to the same frequency range, which does not utilize the curve of the curved opening shown herein.

Specifically, the building element of the present invention is essentially characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1 of the appended claims. The method of the present invention is essentially characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 22 of the appended claims.

The present invention enhances the passage of an electromagnetic signal through an electrically conductive low emitting surface based on narrow aperture diffraction, whereby a broader electromagnetic wave coverage than a wide aperture diffraction solution can be applied to a blind spot formed inside a building.

Some preferred embodiments of the present invention compensate for the loss of efficiency typically caused by losses of the conductive low-surface area by arranging differential current-forming portions of the low-level surface openings so that the efficiency is partially reduced.

In addition, the present invention compensates for the loss of efficiency typically due to low conductivity low surface conductivity surface loss by increasing the signal throughput efficiency on a coherent wavefront formed by a plurality of focused gap radiators.

The present invention enhances the passage of an electromagnetic signal through an electrically conductive low-emitting surface by creating a virtual aper35 array of low-emitting surface radiation sources having an effective electromagnetic energy-receiving surface

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 is larger than the physical openings in the conductive surface created on the low ejection surface.

The present invention further enhances the passage of an electromagnetic signal through an electrically conductive low-emitting surface based on narrow aperture diffraction, whereby a broader electromagnetic wave coverage than a wide aperture diffraction can be introduced into the blind spot formed using known solutions.

The operation of the device of the present invention is based on the re-emitting of electromagnetic energy received from the electromagnetic planar surface in a low emitted surface as a combination of a plurality of concentrated wave sources in which part of the planar received electromagnetic wave Coherent transmission from multiple mutually reinforcing concentrated radiation sources compensates for the loss of efficiency due to resistive conductor surface losses.

The operation of the device according to the present invention is further based on the operation of slot radiators formed on a low-emitting surface as point-centered radiation sources, whereby a coherent wavefront formed by slot radiators preferably located below the operating frequency is A preferred utility direction for the slit radiator array realized with the insulating glass element is a horizontal plane in which the wavefront formed by the slit radiator array forms a flat directional pattern. In the horizontal plane, the maximum wide directional pattern outside the insulating glass and the interior effectively receives the base station signal from the horizon, and creates a wide indoor coverage relative to the insulating glass element of the wall-mounted window in the horizontal plane.

A locally concentrated radiation source can be seen as a point source radiation when viewed in its distant field by the electromagnetic wave it emits. For example, the wavelength, half wavelength, or e.g.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 A quarter-wave radiation source is seen as a point-source radiation source when its emitted wavefront is viewed from a sufficient distance, that is, in the far field.

It is an object of the present invention to enhance the quality and capacity of wireless communication connections based on an external base station network used inside buildings by increasing the number of uncorrelated communication channels that pass through the building envelope. The device of the present invention improves the scattering environment inside a building by receiving two cross-polarization electromagnetic signals from the building envelope and retransmitting these two cross-polarized electromagnetic signals to the interior of the building.

An embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises two cross-polarized apertures transmitting a radio signal, which further comprise cross-polarized concentrated radiation sources to repel the electromagnetic energy of the building material encountering an electromagnetic signal.

An embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises two circularly polarized radio-transmissive apertures in which the directions of rotation of the polarizations are transverse.

An embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a load impedance arranged in connection with a low-emitting surface and a control unit which can be used to control the radiation pattern formed by the Building Material. Said radiation pattern control can be used, for example, to improve wireless connections to base stations, filter interference signals, or optimize wireless network resourcing.

Description of the drawings

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The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which

Fig. 1a shows a construction material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

Figure 1b shows a detail of the Building Material in Figure 1a,

Figures 2a-2d show an insulating glass element comprising at least two glass sheets, with an intermediate space between them, at least one of which is provided with said low edge surface,

Figures 3a and 3b illustrate an example of a coherent wavefront caused by a plurality of concentrated radiation sources comprising a narrow aperture,

Figure 3c shows a detail of the slit radiator of Figure 3b,

Figure 4 illustrates, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gap radiator array arranged on a low surface area of civilization comprising a building material,

Figures 5a-5c show examples of openings in a low-relief web 30 in accordance with some preferred embodiments of the present invention,

Figures 6a-6c show examples of openings in a low-relief sidewall according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention,

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Figures 7a-7c show slit radiators of a gap-transmitting aperture group of a radio-transmitting aperture according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention arranged in connection with a grid structure.

Figures 8a-8c illustrate arrangements for opening low-level surface openings in accordance with certain preferred embodiments of the present invention for canceling differential current elements that reduce radiation efficiency,

Figures 9a and 9b show longitudinally distributed components provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention to provide an opening loading impedance,

Figures 10a-10d show examples for implementing load impedances according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, and

Figures 11a-11e illustrate examples of embodiments according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention for adjusting the transmission characteristics of an aperture comprising a radio-emitting aperture having a low-emitting surface.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Fig. 1a shows a typical building material 110 which comprises a building material arranged to enhance the thermal insulation properties of the building material.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Electrically conductive low-emissivity surface 103. Typical building materials using low-emissivity surfaces, such as selective films, or aluminum coatings may include, for example, energy-efficient windows and insulating glazing elements used in facades, as well as aluminum foil or aluminum foil.

Fig. 1a illustrates an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the building material 110 comprises at least one electrically conductive low-emptying surface 103 provided with an opening

203 to enhance the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the Building Material, and the opening of which has a substantially lower electrical conductivity than the low emptying surface 103.

Fig. 1b illustrates in more detail the opening 203 in Fig. 1a, wherein the edge of said opening 203 provided on the low-facing surface 103 forms at least one closed edge curve 223, and said opening 203 defines a closed curve 224 such that said opening 203 is enclosed by a closed curve 224. The area of the bounded area 224 is substantially larger than the area and length of the inner opening 203 of the closed curve 224 and substantially less than the length of the closed peripheral curve 223 to form at least one area 231 224 does not coincide with boundary curve 223.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 1b, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the closed edge curve 223 of the opening coincides with the closed edge curve 227 defining the low ejection surface 103. A preferred embodiment of said opening 203 is arranged in a caudal and linear fashion. Preferably, the narrow linear opening may be provided as an opening of less than 100 µm in the low emptying surface 103.

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Definition of plane wave

An electromagnetic wave propagated far enough away from the transmitter, or more precisely, the discrete frequency components contained therein, may be treated as a ta wave. In a propagating plane wave, the electric and magnetic field vectors are perpendicular to one another, and they oscillate in a direction determined by a so-called. In a plane perpendicular to the poynting vector. The relationship between electric and magnetic field intensities is described by wave impedance. Usually, the electromagnetic signal from the base station to the outer shell of the building can be thought of as a plane wave 301 (Figure 1a), although reflections from the surrounding area outside the wall may modify the characteristics of the signal.

The plane of polarization 301 of the plane wave 301 is defined according to the electric field vector 308 it comprises. The plane wave 301 may comprise an electric field vector 308 'oscillating in the first polarization, and may also comprise an electric field vector 308' oscillating in the second polarization, wherein the electric field vectors 308 'and 308' oscillating in the first and second polarization. In addition, in the first and second polarizations, the oscillating electric field vectors 308 'and 308' may be mutually orthogonal.

The plane wave 301 'can be defined as the plane wave 301 whose electromagnetic energy is determined by the interaction of the electric field vector 308' oscillating in the first polarization with the oscillation of an orthogonal magnetic field.

The plane wave 301 "can be defined as the plane wave 301 whose electromagnetic energy is determined by the interaction of the electromagnetic field 308" oscillating in another polarization with the oscillation of an orthogonal magnetic field.

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The plane wave 301 may comprise two electric field vectors 308 'and 308 "oscillating in a cross polarization, wherein the plane waves 301' and 301" illustrate the propagation of the polarized wavefronts in the first and second polarization, and these may proceed in parallel.

The plane wave wavefronts 301 'and 301' may also arrive in independent directions, whereby either plane wave wavefront 301 'or 301' may more generally be described by plane wave 301.

Electromagnetic wave polarization

The level of polarization of an electromagnetic wave is defined by the vibration level of the electric field of the wave. The polarization of the wave can be either linear, elliptical, cross or circular polarization. Linear polarization comprises one oscillation direction of the do15 minifying electric field, in which the amplitude of the transverse polarization component is significantly smaller. In elliptic polarization, the electric field comprises the direction of oscillation of the electric field which is perpendicular to the Poynting vector, as well as the direction of oscillation of the electric field which is smaller than this. The relationship between the intensities of the two polarization components is described by the so-called iso-axis and minor-axis components. In practice, a few radio transmitters will remain purely linearly polarized, even if they are transmitted as multiple propagation reflections, refractions and diffractions modify the characteristics of the signal along its path.

In cross-polarization, the wave typically carries two orthogonally oscillating electric field components. This is a particularly important form of polarization in modern telecommunication applications, since two orthogonal polarizations are capable of transmitting almost non-correlated communication channels at the same time.

A more special form than cross polarization is circular polarization. Circular polarization comprises two electric field vectors, typically of equal amplitude, and waves transmitted with a 90 degree phase difference and carrying the same information. The electric field of a circularly polarized wave rotates as the wave propagates, and

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The rotation direction of the wave depends on the sign of the phase difference of the summing polarization components. The two circularly polarized transmissions may be crosswise with their opposite directions of rotation. Fully orthogonal circular polarizations are uncorrelated.

A circularly polarized transmitter may be formed, for example, by two orthogonal, linearly polarized antennas, or an array of antennas having separate polarization components divided by the same message signal, e.g., a power divider, and implementing a 90 ° phase difference between the subcomponents. An alternative way of implementing the phased subcomponents of a circularly polarized transmission is, for example, to use a hybrid that performs both splitting and phasing with the same component. Also, a circularly polarized antenna can provide a circularly polarized transmission without splitting the signal before the antenna. In this case, the antenna element itself is capable of forming two orthogonal polarization components of the same signal, with a phase difference between them.

Particularly in ΜΙΜΟ and diversity applications, the transmitting levels of linear cross-polarization at the base station antennas are the polarization levels of -45 ° and + 45 °, which can transmit transmissions orthogonal to each other. In addition to this, the utilization of orthogonal circularly polarized transmissions in signaling of wireless communication devices is particularly effective. For example, the so-called narrow antenna beams. Massive ΜΙΜΟ technology could also utilize orthogonal circularly polarized signal currents.

Electromagnetic diffraction from aperture (narrow vs. wide aperture)

For clarity, an aperture 201 that transmits a radio signal is defined. Aperture is generally understood as any aperture or aperture. In this connection, the radio-transmissive aperture 201 on the low-emptying surface 103 comprises an area delimited by a closed curve 230, wherein said radio-transmissive aperture 201 is within said closed curve 230 and has a surface area less than 10 227 boundaries of the boundary curve19

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 man area, and when passed through, the electromagnetic signal experiences significantly less permeability than areas outside the aperture in the same material or structure.

The radio-signal-transmitting aperture 201 on the low-emitting surface 103 comprises an area that further comprises mechanical or artificial methods for enhancing the transmission of the electromagnetic signal. An artificial method in this context is to utilize the energy contained in the electromagnetic signal by interfering with the electrical conductor surface generated by the low-emitting surface 103 to form concentrated radiation sources 303 which are activated as radiation sources by the energy carried by the electromagnetic signal. These new radiation sources emit electromagnetic energy to the shadow side of the low-emitting surface 103 to enhance the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the Building Material. When encountered, the electromagnetic signal of the low-emitting surface 103 passes through the aperture 201 transposed by the radio signal with a significantly lower transmittance than when it passes through the aperture 201 of the radio-emitting aperture 201.

Fig. 1a illustrates a radio-transmissive aperture 201 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention formed by a gap radiator array 207 formed by narrow-gap apertures 203 formed by narrow-gap openings 203 into an electromagnetic signal transducer. Said gap aperture emitters 207 of said aperture 201 are arranged to form concentrated radiation sources emitting at least a first polarization electric field vector 308 ', and a second polarization electric field vector 308' emitting concentrated radiation sources, the first and second polarization being mutually interpenetrating.

Said radio-transmitting aperture 201 defines for building material 110 an area delimited by a closed curve 230, wherein said radio-transmitting aperture 201 is within said closed curve 230 and has a surface area substantially delimited by a closed curve 230.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Area of area bounded by closed edge curve 227 delimiting low surface area 103.

Fig. 1b illustrates in more detail the slit radiator array 5 202 mentioned in Fig. 1a, wherein said closed edge curve 223 of said opening 203 is arranged to resonate and receive electromagnetic energy comprised by a first polarization electric field vector 308 ' slot radiator 207 '' at first operating frequency. Said gap radiators 207 'and 207' 'form a dual-polarized gap radiator array operating at a first frequency.

Figure 1b further illustrates a group of slit radiators 15 operating at a second operating frequency, comprising slit radiators 207 'comprising electromagnetic energy contained in a second polarization electric field vector 308 ".

Figures 2a-2d show an insulating glass element 100 comprising at least two glass panels 102, with an intermediate space 105 between them, at least at least one of said glass panels 102 being provided with said low emissivity surface 103.

Fig. 2a illustrates diffraction of an electromagnetic wave from a wide aperture, and Fig. 2c illustrates a narrow aperture of an electromagnetic wave in a narrow aperture according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein said aperture 201 is arranged in a glass 2a illustrates the arrival of plane wave 301 on a glass plate 102 of low-emptiness surface 103 in a situation where a wide aperture is provided on low-emptiness surface 103. A wide aperture refers to an aperture that is 309 in width. The wide aperture may be realized in this context, for example, as a planar frequency-selective filter 109, or by leaving the glass plate 102 uncoated.

Figure 2b shows, by way of example, a known planar frequency 35 selective filter 109 having an electromagnetic signal transmitting

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The physical width 305 of the aperture is several wavelengths. In the case of the example of Figure 2a, wireless communication devices 40T, 401 ", and 401", located in an unfamiliar room in the room, receive signal coverage only in random situations where the incoming electromagnetic level 5 wave 301 does not experience significant shading as it advances. In the case of the example, the wireless communication device 40T 'receives an obliquely incoming electromagnetic plane wave 301, but the out-of-range wireless communication devices 401' and 401 'are unable to establish a reliable wireless connection to the base station due to the narrow transmission sector 307.

Fig. 2c illustrates an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the first and second polarization oscillating electromagnetic energy received from plane 301 are re-emitted and effectively applied to a room space wide beam transmission sector 307 utilizing narrow aperture diffraction.

The glass plate 102 is formed to include a narrow matalaemissiviteettipintaan 103, preferably a width of less than half a length the radio signal wavelength permeable aperture 201 '(Figure 2d) the plurality of focused radiation source

The gap radiators 207 comprised by the radio-transmitting aperture 201 'are polarized in the first polarization and are arranged as a gap radiator array which is activated as a radiation source by the electromagnetic level 301 electromagnetic radiation it receives.

The glass plate 102 is formed to include matalaemissiviteettipintaan 103, a second narrow width, preferably less than half a length the radio signal wavelength permeable aperture 201, "a plurality of focused radiation source 303 'a working slot radiator 207'. The slit radiators 207 'comprised by the aperture radius 30' transmitted through the radio signal are polarized in a direction perpendicular to the second polarization and arranged as a slit radiator array which is activated as a source of radiation by an electromagnetic level magnetic field 301 received by it.

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Figure 2d illustrates how the radio-transmissive aperture 20T implemented with slot radiators 207 and the radio-transmissive aperture 201 'can be implemented in a structure similar to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the insulating glass element 100 in the polar aperture 201 ", where the first and second polarization are intersecting. For the sake of clarity, a radio-transmitting aperture 201 is generally defined to depict either of the transmitting radio-apertures 201 'in the first polarization or the transmitting-aperture 201 in the second polarization. Similarly, the physical width 305 of the aperture is defined to represent the aperture width 305 'of either the first polarization polarized radio signal or the aperture width 305' of the second polarization.

The radio signal permeable aperture 201 of physical width 305 is preferably less than the half-wavelength length. In order to obtain a narrow aperture diffraction pattern and to minimize the radiation zeroes mi20 in the transmission sector 307, the incoming plane wave 301 must illuminate the entire radio signal aperture 201 as it advances at least one wavelength 309 from To illustrate this, a non-limiting example is the 800 MHz frequency range with narrow apertures such as widths of 5mm, 10mm, 30mm, 50mm, 100mm, and 150mm. For clarity, it is noted that the physical width 305 of the radio-transmitting aperture 201 shown in Figure 2d is defined along the X-axis shown in the figure, and the length of the radio-transmitting aperture 201 is defined in the Y-axis. In order to achieve sufficient directivity, the height of the aperture 201 transmitting the radio signal must be at least one wavelength 309 of the operating frequency.

The radio-transmitting aperture 201 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an edge curve 230 defining

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The low-emptying surface 103 is a limited area. Said region may be of any shape. A preferred form is a rectangle or an oval having a width 305 preferably less than one wavelength at the lowest operating frequency of the gap radiator array 202 comprising said aperture.

The width 305 of said area may also be determined in a direction deviating from the horizontal plane, said aperture 201 deviating from a vertically oriented rectangle or oval. The length of said aperture can be determined somewhere other than the width 305 in a direction substantially longer than said width 305.

The narrow aperture diffraction pattern of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 2c by a broad transmission sector 307, where the concentrated radiation source 303 depicts, depending on the context, either 303 ”, where the first and second polarization are crossed.

In the situation illustrated by the example, the wireless communication devices 40T, 401 ", and 40T" located in the unknown directions 20 of FIG. 2c are now more likely to have sufficient access to the base station because the energy from the base station signal is spread to wide transmit sector 307 based on narrow aperture diffraction.

Now, the radio signal transmitting aperture according to the present invention, 201 to take advantage of the narrow aperture diffraction, and is preferably less than half the wave length to width 305. Refinements physical state that the aperture can also be a multi-band structure, or it can operate broadband speeds. The preferred maximum aperture width is then determined by the lowest operating frequency wavelength 309.

The radio-transmitting aperture 201 of the present invention may comprise a plurality of focused radiation sources 303 adjacent to each other in the direction defined by the physical width 305 of the aperture. In this case, low-lying wipes24

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The electromagnetic wave passing through the tip 103 forms an interference pattern that determines the behavior of the transmission sector 307. Two radiation from the source of the interference pattern 303 by the transmission sectors determined by the beam width of 307 can be considered a constant width, and the focusing distance of the radiation source aperture in the width direction X is preferably maintained at less than half the wave length lengths. When the two radiation from the source is increased the distance between the half-wavelength spacing greater, the interference pattern begins to form a plurality of zero points and maximum points, and the number increases with the distance between the radiation sources increases.

Multiple zeroes in the transmission sector 307 would result in possible disconnections in the shadows. In addition, in a multiple zero and maximum transmission sector 307, the wireless communication device 401, when moving, could switch between base stations more frequently than in the state determined by the wide and flat transmission sector 307, which is implemented by the building material of the present invention.

As one essential difference between the wide aperture and the present narrow aperture, the following may be mentioned. Advantageously, the wavefront of electromagnetic planar wave 301 emitted by the base station from the horizon illuminates the area of the aperture 201 transmitting the entire radio signal as it passes through the aperture of up to one wavelength 309, whether or not the electromagnetic plane

Plane wave excitation at low ejection surface

When the electromagnetic planar wave 301 encounters an electrically conductive low emissivity surface 103, a portion of the energy of the wave is reflected back to its upstream or other directions where the reflected wave front 306 continues to propagate, and some of the wave energy is converted by resistive losses of the conductive surface.

Figures 1a and 1b and 3a-3c show the encounter of a wavefront of an electric field vector 308 with a plane-wave 301 with a low-emitting surface 103. The oscillation period of the propagating wavefront electric field vector 308 is

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 309 single wavelength. During one oscillation period, the phase angle of the electric field vector changes by 360 degrees. In the first polarization, the polarized planar wavefront 301 'comprises a wavelength 309', and in the second polarization, the polarized planar wavefront 301 'comprises a wavelength 309'.

In a situation such as that of the example, the electromagnetic plane wave 301 arriving from the horizon preferably arrives at a random azimuth angle 311. In the first polarization, the polarized plane wave front

301 'arrives at an azimuth angle 31Γ, and in another polarization, a polarized planar wave front 301' arrives at an azimuth angle 311 '.

The oscillating electric field of the incoming plane wave 301 causes the electron to oscillate at the same frequency in the conductor surface. The motion of the electrons compresses on the outer surfaces of the conductor surface, forming a surface current pattern oscillating on the conductor surface. The surface current vector 214 in the conductive surface comprising the surface current is always perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field parallel to the surface. On the surface of a complete electrical conductor, the electric field parallel to the surface disappears completely. The surface resistance of the non-ideal conductor surface converts some of the energy contained in the sig20 signal to heat due to resistive losses. This surface resistance depends on the low-ejection surface 103 in use.

In the first polarization, the oscillating electric field vector 308 'induces a surface current vector 214' on the low-emitting surface 103. In another polarization, the oscillating electric field vector 308 "induces a low current surface 103 on a surface current vector 214".

For the sake of clarity, define the azimuth angle parallel to the XZ plane and the elevation angle parallel to the YZ plane. In the azimuth angle 311, the incoming plane 30, the electromagnetic energy-induced surface current vectors 214 of the incoming plane 301 generate a wide wave propagation of electrons flowing at a low propagation surface 103, where a measure of the

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The level of polarization determined by the torque 308 also determines primarily the oscillation direction of the surface current vectors 214 formed in the low ejection surface 103. The polarization plane can be a vertical oscillation plane, a horizontal oscillation plane, or anything in between. The primary direction of travel of the wave pattern propagating as the oscillating surface current mat on the low ejection surface 103 is determined by the direction of incoming incoming planar wave 301. The excitation caused by the electromagnetic energy of the incoming planar wave 301 causes the vibration of the surface current vectors 214 in the low-emitting surface 103 to be determined by the polarization 10 of the incoming wave electric field vector 308. In addition to this polarization and flow direction, the low-emitting surface 103 exhibits a secondary surface current movement primarily caused by the electron flux motion induced by the surface-induced surface current vectors 214. This is typically manifested as eddy currents, which mainly file in areas that are not primarily illuminated by the electric field vector 308 of the incoming plane wave 301. Surface flow return current conventionally produces loop-like flow patterns.

The central 20 slot gap radiator array 202 formed by narrow line openings 203 of the radio transmitting aperture 201 of the present invention is based on appropriate interference with the flow paths of the surface current vectors 214.

The narrow linear opening 203 of the present invention is arranged to effect an interference with the flow of the surface current vector 214 induced by the electric field vector 308 such that the first positive charge distribution 208 is formed at the first edge of the narrow line opening 203 and a narrow linear opening 203 therebetween in the non-conductive region of the electro-electric force 204. The present electromotive force 204 acts as a central radiation source 303 for re-irradiating the electromagnetic energy in the shade caused by the insulating glass element 100.

A concentrated radiation source 303 comprising an electric field 35 acting as a radiation source arranged in a non-conductive region of the gap radiator 207, and

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 This radiation source can be arranged as an efficient radiator when said electric field is arranged to resonate with the surface current flowing in the low-emitting surface 103. Said surface current source and hub serve as a first positive 208 and an en5 first negative 209 charge distribution arranged on the low side surface 103. Said charge distributions are formed by interfering with the low-emitting surface surface of the electromagnetic planar wave 301 for the flow of induced surface current vectors 214.

The radio-transmitting aperture 201 'arranged in the low-emitting surface 103 of the present invention is arranged to receive and re-emit electromagnetic energy in the first polarization, wherein the electric field vector 308' comprising the first polarization provides an electro-motive The generated electromotive force 204 'is arranged to produce a resonant circuit together with an opening-circulating current loop 210' which acts as a polarized focused radiation source 303 'in the first polarization.

Said resonance in an electromagnetic system is generally referred to as an oscillation phenomenon in which the system interacts with its environment and is capable of receiving or transmitting electromagnetic energy at some characteristic oscillation frequency. In electromagnetic resonance, the oscillating energy is alternately stored in the electrical and magnetic fields of the system. In the resonance of the gap emitter 207 formed on the low activity surface 103, the surface currents formed at the edges of the gap emitter 207 are substantially associated with a resonating magnetic field.

The radio-transmissive aperture 201 "provided in the low-emitting surface 103 of the present invention is arranged to receive and re-emit electromagnetic energy in a second polarization, wherein the electric field vector 308" comprising a second polarization provides an electromotive The generated electric motor force 204 ”is arranged to produce

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Resonance circuit with aperture current loop 210 "which serves as a polarized focused radiation source 303" in a second polarization.

When the flow of the surface current vector 214 at low emptying surface 103 is suitably disrupted by narrow linear openings 203 either by interruption or redirection of the current flow, a plurality of electromotive forces 204 are provided which are utilized to propagate electromagnetic radiation fronts. This set of electromotive forces forms a gap radiator array 202 consisting of concentrated radiation sources 303.

Examining the effect of a single narrow linear opening 203 on the surface current vector 214, it can be noted that while the surface current-induced electric field 15 vector 308 continues to influence the conductor surface electrons motion, the flow path 214 curves 203 is oriented orthogonally to the direction of the electric field vector 308 of the incoming planar wave 301. This type of opening provides two symmetrical current loops 210 rotating the opening 203 which rotate the narrow linear opening 203 on both sides thereof.

The current loop 210 circulating the narrow linear opening 203 together with the electromotive force 204 forms a resonant circuit which enables the narrow linear opening to function as an efficient radiator. The dimensions of the narrow linear opening 203 are resonated at the operating frequency of the incoming electromagnetic energy carrier plane 301, whereby the narrow linear opening 203 effectively forms a radiating slot 307 which re-radiates the electromagnetic energy received from the electromagnetic planar 301.

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A narrow aperture of concentrated radiation sources emitting a coherent wavefront

202 comprising a radio signal transmitting aperture 201 Rakosäteilijäryhmän 5 emits a narrow aperture based on the diffraction of the wave front lähetyssektoriinsa 307. The radio signal to cross the physical width of the aperture 305 is preferably less than half a wavelength long. In this case, preferably arriving at the horizon transmitted by the base station electromagnetic plane wave 301 of the wave front illuminating the whole of a radio signal to cross the aperture 201 of the surface area of passes up to one, preferably a half-wave length distance of the aperture of the face regardless of whether or not an electromagnetic plane wave 301 matalaemissiviteettipinnan 103 normal direction or in substantially differing from the azimuthal angle.

The condition described above achieves a situation in which the electric field vector 308 of the incoming plane wave 301 illuminates the aperture through the radio signal almost simultaneously and in phase. This provides within the aperture 201 transmitting the radio signal, a gap radiator array 202 having each individual gap radiator 207 comprising an oscillating electric motor 204 in the same phase, a narrow aperture comprising an electric radiator emitting each other, in the shadow area on the opposite side of the insulating glass element 100.

In the case of a wide aperture, single concentrated radiation sources are formed which do not oscillate in the same phase and whose emitted electromagnetic radiation does not form a coherent wavefront in the blind spot. The individual slit radiators of the wide aperture oscillate at different stages with respect to each other, and for this reason the reflection and radiation pattern produced by the wide aperture is strongly dependent on the incident angle of the electromagnetic plane wave that illuminates it. This is a typical technical feature, for example, with flat frequency-selective surfaces forming a wide aperture.

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The present invention utilizes surface currents generated by planar waves on the low-emitting surface 103 to form new concentrated radiation sources 303 such that the electromagnetic wavefront emitted by the radiation sources is coherently summed over the low-emittance surface opposite to, at least 90 The present invention thus permits the passage of an electromagnetic signal through a thermo-glass element having a low-emitting surface, by creating therein a virtual aperture having an effective surface area larger than the physical openings formed on the ma10-surface. In addition, the insulating glass element 100 of the present invention is capable of receiving electromagnetic energy from a maximum wide horizontal beam in space comprised by a plane wave.

Figures 3a and 3b show an example of a coherent wavefront generated by a plurality of concentrated radiation sources comprising a narrow aperture, wherein said aperture is arranged in conjunction with Building Material 110.

Fig. 3a is a top plan view of a coherent wavefront 301 arriving at the surface of an outer glass sheet 102 of insulating glass element 100 having an outer surface of low emptying surface 103 formed with linear apertures 203. These apertures form a central and from which the electromagnetic energy is emitted as a coherent wave front 302 formed on the side of the room. Figure 3b shows a side view of the situation of figure 3a. It can be seen that in the vertical direction the wavefront 302 spreads substantially at least at the height of the window, but in practice also in this direction is very wide and covers substantially the entire room in height, especially away from the insulating glass element 100.

The redirected wave 304 emitted by the central radiation source 303 forms a mesh over the shadow area created by the insulating glass element 100.

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The energy reception of the incoming electromagnetic wave by multiple irradiation by multiple concentrated radiation sources 303 is accomplished by carefully positioned narrow linear openings in the low emitting surface. As described above, an incoming electromagnetic wave generates surface currents on the electrically conductive pin5. The direction of the surface currents in the conductor is determined in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector of the incoming wave. When the direction of the formed surface currents is disturbed by narrow linear apertures 203 in the low-emitting sidewall surface, the surface current rotates the formed aperture along its edges and creates a resonant circuit along with an electromotive force 204 acting over the narrow vii10 handicap opening 203.

The building material 110 of the present invention may comprise a single radio-transmitting aperture 201 arranged to operate in one or more polarizations in one or more frequency bands. The building material 110 may also comprise a plurality of radio-transmitting apertures, the polarizations or operating frequencies of which may differ from each other. In addition, the present building materials can be used to implement wall or facade structures comprising a plurality of said apertures 201 transmitting radio20 signals, wherein said apertures are preferably spaced less than ten meters in length. Some advantageous distances between said apertures can also be, for example, 2 to 5 meters, or 1 to 2 meters, whereby isolation can be provided between the individual apertures to ensure the desired function.

Coherent reception and transmission from multiple slot radiators

It is known that the efficiency of passive repeaters is poor. Factors contributing to this include heat loss in cabling between antennas and rapid attenuation of the electromagnetic energy emitted from the antenna element as a function of distance. This repeater efficiency can be improved in individual directions by using directional rake antennas, whereby antenna gain achieves improved efficiency in a narrow sector. The problem with such a repeater, however, is that its

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Rake antennas, such as the Yagi antenna, must be pointing to a single base station. Rare antennas with narrow antenna beams do not receive signals efficiently from the side.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the horizontally wide reception and radiation beam provided by the diffraction pattern formed by the narrow radio-transmitting aperture 201 provided on the low-emitting surface 103 provides advantages over the designing narrow-band antennas.

It is an object of the present invention to enhance the efficiency of the building material 110 acting as a passive signal transmission system by appropriate control of the energy of the electromagnetic waves in the building material shaded area where an opening 203 is provided for low electromagnetic signal flow through the building material. Said electromagnetic signal comprises an incoming plane wave 301, and said building material passed electromagnetic signal comprises a redirected wave 304.

In addition to the horizontally wide receiving and radiation beam formed by the narrow aperture described above, another advantageous feature of the present invention is to increase the efficiency in a horizontally wide beam such that a plurality of focused in the shaded area formed by Building Material 110. Said wavefront of the redirected wave 304 formed by summed electromagnetic waves in the same step is known as coherent wavefront 302.

The concentrated radiation sources 303 constituting the redirected waves 304 comprised by said coherent wavefront 302 may be arranged preferably at less than a wavelength distance apart, preferably in a vertical queue in which the queue can be either straight or meandering. In the queue, as the distance of adjacent focused radiation sources 303 increases, the operating frequency increases

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The number of lateral beams occurring at a wavelength greater than the wavelength of the formed radiation beam is increased, thereby losing some of the electromagnetic energy to be transmitted in the desired direction in undesired directions. Advantageously, the vertical array formed by said concentrated radiation sources can be arranged over the operating frequency to a wavelength, whereby an increase in the generated radiation and reception beam gain in the directions of use is achieved.

Figure 4 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 10 of the present invention, wherein said building material comprises at least one electrically conductive low level surface 103 having an opening 203 for enhancing the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the Building Material and having an electrical conductivity substantially lower than matalaemissiviteettipintaan

103, the periphery of the arranged opening 203 forms at least one closed edge curve 223, and said opening 203 defines a closed envelope 224 such that said opening 203 is within the closed envelope 224 and has an area substantially larger than the closed envelope 224. The surface area and the length 203 are substantially smaller than the length of the closed edge curve 223, thereby forming at least one area 231 of the low curvature surface 103 within the area delimited by the closed curve 224, where the closed curve 224 does not coincide with the edge curve 223.

In the example of FIG. delimited by a closed curve 230, wherein said radio-transmitting aperture 201 is within said closed curve 230 and having a surface area defined by a closed curve 230 that is substantially smaller than an area defined by a closed edge curve 227 delimiting a low edge surface 103.

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In the example of Fig. 4, a low-emissivity surface 103 is further provided with an opening 203 comprising at least two of said gap radiators 207, wherein said opening 203 is arranged to form at least one positive 208 and negative and the inner field 203 of the opening 203 oscillating in a second polarization between its two edges, which, together with said surface current formed on the low-emitting surface 103, forms a resonant 10 crossbones.

The width 305 'of the area 305' enclosed by the closed aperture 201 defining said radio-transmitting aperture 201 may advantageously be arranged below the operating frequency to a wavelength. Correspondingly, the width 305 "of the region of the closed curve 230 defined by said radio-transmitting aperture 201 may advantageously be arranged below the operating frequency to a wavelength.

Fig. 4 illustrates, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gap radiator array 202 provided with a low emptying surface 103 of a building material 110 with a low emptying surface

103 is formed with a plurality of narrow, the X-axis direction of the width of the specified length is preferably less than the radio signal wavelength side of the permeable apertures 201 ', a plurality of focused radiation source 303' a working slot radiator 207. The slot radiators comprise 45 degree and -45 degree polarizations and are linearly polarized. Slit radiators 207 thus have a mass of 90 degrees relative to each other. When the wave front arrives at the direction of the arrow 301 'indicated by the direction in which the electric field oscillates in the direction of arrows 308' with respect to the direction of propagation of the wavefront that is perpendicular to the direction of the electric field causes the opening of the opening direction of travel of the wavefront along the edges of the electric field. The other end of the opening is short-circuited, thus forming a proximity to it35

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 An opening circulating current loop 210 'is provided. Arrows 214 'illustrate the surface current vector generated by this electric field on the low-emitting surface 103 further away from the slot radiators. Similarly, arrow 301 "indicated by the incoming wave front in the direction of the electric field oscillates in the direction of arrows 308 'direction, the electric field causes the opening of the opening direction of travel of the wavefront along the edges of the electric field. This opening is an opening perpendicular to the previous opening with one end short-circuited. Thereby a current loop 210 "is formed in the vicinity of this second opening. The arrows 214 "depict the surface current vector generated by the low 10 emissivity surface 103 of this second electric field, away from the gap radiators.

In both of the above situations, a group of concentrated radiation sources 303 formed by individual slit radiators 207 forms an incoming plane wave 301 ', 301' of coherent wavefront formed of electromagnetic energy in the space inside the building material 110 building.

The structure of the 4 matalaemissiviteettipintaan 103 is formed with a plurality of narrow, having a width preferably less than a half-scale radio signal wavelength permeable apertures. These apertures 201 comprise apertures 203 in which apertures 203 rotate in the low-emptying surface 103 such that the open ends of each aperture are close to each other and have a narrow conductive region between them. The openings of adjacent gap radiators are at an angle of 45 degrees to each other, whereby these gap radiators have +45 degree and -45 degree polarizations and are linearly polarized. The inner and outer half 103 matalaemissiviteettipinnan a short circuit effect. Narrow range of force of the electric field zero in those corners. This expands the bandwidth. The openings serve as concentrated radiation sources 303 '. Which polarization30 the aperture is capable of receiving and further emitting depends on the direction of the electric field of the incoming wavefront relative to the location of the short circuit in the aperture, i.e. how the electric field is formed around the aperture. When the wavefront comprises an electric field vector oriented in accordance with the polarization of the opening, the opening 203 is activated as a concentrated radiation source 303 which

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 is polarized according to the electric field vector 308 illuminating it. Instead, an electric field polarized perpendicular to this direction does not provide a corresponding electric field around the opening.

Arranging a narrow, linear opening

A narrow linear opening in a low-emptying surface 203 may be defined as an opening in a low-emitting surface of an electrically conductive surface wherein the opening in the electrically conductive surface causes substantial loss of electrical conductivity in the opening region border section. By way of example, but not exclusively, it may be mentioned that the narrow linear opening may, for example, be 10-100 µm wide and 20-50 mm long, for example. The width of the narrow linear opening may also be 0.5 to 2 mm, for example. In addition, some mechanical means may have a narrow linear opening width of 5 to 10 mm.

In geometry, a point is a quantity that has a place but does not extend20. When a non-conductive physical point, such as a narrow cutter blade, or a single pulse laser pulse is formed on the shallow side surface 103, a non-conductive area with a practically interpretable surface and a periphery is formed. For example, a single point produced by a pulsed laser may be of the order of micrometers or tens of micrometers in diameter, or less, depending on the technique used, such as a femtolaser or a nano laser.

A point moving in space forms a line. The line may be either straight, or it may be meandering or curved, or a broken line consisting of several straight sections. The line may have a start and end point, or it may form a closed circle of arbitrary shape. Special cases of such an arbitrary closed circle include, for example, a circle, an oval, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, and polygons. The line can also cut itself.

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A line or combination of lines may be used to control the device to provide the opening 203 of the low-ejection surface 103. For example, the focal path of the milling or pulsed laser focal point may be guided by a linear path, as may a chemical or other method or device provided for a contactless et5 dry or removal process. Similar control can prevent the conductive surface from forming in the desired areas prior to providing the low-level surface 103 with the building material 110.

A physical point moving in space, such as a laser focal point, also includes a circumference and a surface. By way of example, but not exclusively, a circumference of 100 µm may be mentioned. As the exemplary physical point moves along the low ejection surface 103, it defines a narrow linear opening 203. The opening has a closed edge curve 223, as well as the area delimited by it. Slit radiator 207 comprising opening 203 may be located inside closed edge curve 223. Slit radiator 207 comprising aperture 203 may also be located outside closed edge curve 223 if said closed edge curve forms a boundary curve 227 defining a low edge surface 103.

The two opposite edges of a straight line, such as a laser-etched opening 203 on a low-emptying surface 103, are generally parallel and define a rectangular opening if the rounding of the edges is not specifically considered. However, the two opposite edges of the opening 203 need not be parallel or identical, but may be arbitrary. For example, the straight edge portion on the opposite side of the opening may be curved, meandering, or, for example, serrated. Thus, the width of the electrically non-conducting region of opening 203 may vary in different sections thereof. The opening 203 may have a plurality of edge curves, such as Y or T-shaped openings that intersect the low edge surface from one edge to another.

In this context, a non-conductive area refers to a substantially non-conductive area. Delimit the perfect conductor and the perfect

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 There is no real difference between the insulation because almost all materials have some electrical conductivity, even if very low. In practice, for example, copper, silver, aluminum, and selective surfaces with a surface resistance of less than 400 Ω / square can be interpreted as conductors, whereas, for example, wood, PVC, and glass are known as typical non-conductive insulators. However, a selective surface with a surface resistance of more than 100 Ω / square is in fact already a poorly conductive conductor, the antennas formed having a particularly low radiation efficiency, whereas for example, 1-10 Ω / square surface resistive selective surfaces can be formed m Ω / square of surface resistive selective films already provide good antennas. When the surface resistance is close to the wave impedance of the free space, the conductor surface already behaves like a planar resistor, whereby it effectively converts the energy of the electromagnetic signal into heat.

The opening 203 in the low-ejection surface 103 may be defined as an opening in the electrically conductive surface of the low-ejection surface wherein said opening causes substantial loss of electrical conductivity within the opening region, and wherein the opening 203 comprises a closed two sections of the boundary curve selected. It is mentioned by way of example, but not exclusively, that the narrow linear opening can be, for example, 10 to 100 µm wide and 20 to 50 mm long, for example. The width of the narrow linear opening may also be 0.5 to 2 mm, for example. In addition, some mechanical means may have a narrow linear opening width of 5 to 10 mm.

An opening 203 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is arranged as a radio-transmissive aperture such that the opening is curved or curved, which interferes with the flow of the surface current vectors 214 formed on and that said aperture 203 defines a closed envelope 224 such that said aperture 203 is inside a closed envelope 224 and has a closed envelope 224.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The surface area of the bounded curve 224 is substantially larger than the area and length of the inner opening 203 of the closed curve 224, substantially less than the length of the closed boundary curve 223, thereby forming at least one

103 region 231, at which closed envelope 224 does not coincide with edge curve 223.

The narrow linear opening can be accomplished by any method suitable for the purpose, but conventional methods include mechanical working such as grinding. Other methods include laser treatment or a chemical method such as etching which substantially weakens the electrical conductivity of the electrically conductive coating. By way of example, a method is mentioned in which the electrical conductivity of the coating is reduced by printing the desired pattern on a low-relief surface and then burning the pattern at a high temperature.

The building material 110 of the present invention comprises at least a low edge surface 103 defined by a closed edge curve 227 and an opening 203 provided on said low edge surface 103, wherein said opening is delimited by at least one closed edge curve 223. may form an independent boundary curve from this boundary curve (227). Preferably, said opening 203 has an area of not more than 1% relative to the area of said low ejection surface 103.

Figures 5a-5c show examples of building materials 110 in accordance with some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Fig. 5a shows a building accessory 110 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the building accessory is an aluminum-coated thermal insulation board comprising at least one electrically conductive low-emitting surface 103 provided with an opening 203 for enhancing electromagnetic signal flow through the building access

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 the electrical conductivity of the opening is substantially less than that of the low emptying surface 103. The edge 203 of the opening 203 arranged on the low emptying surface 103 forms at least one closed edge curve 223, and said opening 203 defines a closed envelope 22 within the curve 224 and having an area 225 of the area defined by the closed curve 224 substantially greater than the area 226 of the inner opening 203 of the closed curve 224 and substantially less than the length of the closed edge curve 223, thereby forming at least one 103 region 231, at which closed envelope 224 does not coincide with edge curve 223.

An exemplary building material 110 of Figure 5a comprises a low-edged sidewall 15 surface 103, wherein the closed edge curve 223 of the opening 203 is arranged to coincide with the closed-edge curve 227 delimiting the low-edged surface 103. Said low ejection surface 103 is disposed on a surface of dielectric material 229, wherein said dielectric material is delimited by a closed edge curve 228. Said dielectric material is a heat insulating material 20 preferably having a density of less than 200 kg / m 3. The materials of said thermal insulation material may be, for example, EPS, XPS, PIR or PUR foams, or similar dielectric materials made of plastic. Said low-emissivity surface 103 may be provided, for example, with an aluminum coating.

The low-emitting surface 103 of Figure 5a comprises an opening 203 arranged to form at least one positive 208 and negative 209 charge distribution acting as poles of the low-current surface 103 as which, together with said surface current formed on the low-emitting surface 103, forms a resonant circuit for generating a gap radiator 207 operating in a first polarization as a concentrated radiation source 303 which enhances the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the building material.

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The closed edge curve 223 of the exemplary opening 203 of Figure 5a comprises a first edge curve portion 221 and a second edge curve portion 222, wherein the first edge curve portion 221 is arranged to be meandering. The width of said opening 203 is not uniform but varies as a function of position. Arranging the said curve portion of the curve provides beneficial effects on the operation of the slot radiator 207. The meandering curve portion 221 acts to extend the flow path of the resonating surface current 210 formed on the low ejection surface 103, whereby the resonant dimension 215 of the opening 203 lengthens and the resonance frequency of the opening 203 shifts to lower frequencies. This has the effect of reducing the size of the opening 203 because the frequency offset is usually compensated by reducing the size of the gap radiator 207. This has a corresponding effect of reducing the heat loss of the low-emptying surface 103. The maximum of the resonating current loop 210 is typically located within the short-circuit end 205 of the opening 203. In many cases, the area of the open end 206 of the opening comprises the maximum value of the electric field defining the electric motor force formed inside the opening. Said open end 206 can be formed if the closed edge curve 223 of the opening is arranged to coincide with the closed edge curve 227 delimiting the low activity surface 103.

Arranging at least one edge of the opening to curve can improve the radiation properties of the slot radiator 207, since increasing the closed envelope 224 delimiting the opening 203 affects impedance matching and bandwidth, as increasing the opening 203. Furthermore, arranging said edge curve to meander can cause new resonances in the opening to new frequency ranges, or in new polarizations, whereby a single opening 203 can be provided with a plurality of concentrated radiation sources 303 for different frequency ranges and different polarization components.

A low-emptying surface 103 according to Fig. 5a is provided with a gap radiator array 202 comprising two of said gap radiators 207, wherein concentrated radiation sources 303 comprising said gap radiators 207 are arranged

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 into a queue for one way. The vertical distance of said two adjacent focused radiation sources 303 is preferably arranged to be at most one wavelength at the lowest resonance frequency of said gap radiators 207, and said vertical array may be preferably straight or meandering.

Fig. 5b illustrates a building accessory 110 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising at least one electrically conductive low-emitting surface 103 having an opening 203 for enhancing the passage of an electromagnetic signal through the building material and having an electrical conductivity substantially lower than the low-emitting surface an edge 203 of said opening 203 arranged on the low ejection surface 103 forms at least one closed edge curve 223, and said opening 203 defines a closed curve 224 such that said opening 203 is within the closed curve 224 and has a substantially larger area 224, the interior opening 203 has an area 226 and a length substantially less than the length of the closed edge curve 223, thereby forming at least one closed curve an area 231 within the low ejection surface 103 of the area delimited by the edge 224, at which the closed envelope curve 224 does not coincide with the edge curve 223.

An exemplary building material 110 of Fig. 5b comprises a low-edged sidewall surface 25 where the closed edge curve 223 of the opening 203 is arranged to form a closed-edge curve separated from the closed edged curve 227 delimiting the low-edged surface 103.

The low-emptivity surface 103 of Figure 5b comprises an opening 203 arranged to form at least one positive 208 and negative 209 charge distribution acting as poles of the surface-current surface 103 formed by the low-emitting surface 103 by a first electromagnetic an electric field vector which, together with said low-emitting surface

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103, with a surface current formed, forms a resonant circuit for generating a gap radiator 207 operating in the first polarization as a concentrated radiation source 303 which enhances the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the building material.

The closed edge curve 223 of the exemplary opening 203 of Figure 5b comprises a first edge curve portion 221 and a second edge curve portion 222, wherein both the first edge curve portion 221 and the second edge curve portion 222 are arranged to be meandering. The width of said opening 203 is not uniform but varies as a function of position. Arranging said edge curve portions to meander will provide beneficial effects on the operation of the slot radiator 207. The meandering portion of the curve extends the flow path of the resonant surface current 210 formed on the low ejection surface 103, whereby the resonant dimension 215 of the opening 203 is lengthened and the resonance frequency of the opening 203 shifts to lower frequencies. This has the effect of reducing the size of the opening 203 because the frequency offset is usually compensated by reducing the size of the gap radiator 207. Correspondingly, this has the effect of reducing heat loss on the low-emitting surface 103.

Fig. 5c illustrates a building accessory 110 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the building accessory comprises at least one electrically conductive low emptying surface 103 provided with an opening 203 for enhancing electromagnetic signal passage through the building access and having an electrical conductivity substantially lower than in the embodiment, the edge of said opening 203 arranged on the low edge surface 103 forms at least one closed edge curve 223, and said opening 203 defines a closed envelope 224 such that said opening 203 is within the closed envelope 224 and has a substantially smaller area 224 the area 226 and the length of the inner opening 203 of the curve 224 being substantially smaller than the length of the closed edge curve 223, thereby forming at least one s an area 231 within the area of low ejection surface 103 within the area delimited by the curved envelope 224, at which the closed envelope

224 does not coincide with boundary curve 223.

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An exemplary building material 110 of Fig. 5c comprises a low edge surface 103 having a closed edge curve 223 of the opening 203 arranged to coincide with a closed edge curve 227 defining a low side surface 103. Said low ejection surface 103 is disposed on the surface of a dielectric material 229, wherein said dielectric material is delimited by a closed edge curve 228.

The closed edge curve 223 of the exemplary opening 203 of Figure 5c comprises a first edge curve section 221 arranged to be meandering. The width of said opening 203 is not uniform but varies as a function of position. Arranging the said curve portion of the curve provides beneficial effects on the operation of the slot radiator 207. The meandering curve portion 221 acts to extend the flow path of the resonating surface current 210 formed on the low-emitting surface 103, thereby increasing the resonant dimension 215 at different frequencies of the opening 203 and shifting the resonant frequency of the opening 203 to lower frequencies. This has the effect of reducing the size of the opening 203, since the frequency offset is usually compensated by reducing the size of the gap radiator 207. Correspondingly, this has the effect of reducing heat loss on the low-emitting surface 103.

The maximum of the resonating current loop 210 is typically located within the short-circuit end 205 of the opening 203 at a single resonant frequency. In many cases, the area of the open end 206 of the opening comprises the maximum value of the electric field defining an electric motor force 204 formed inside the opening. Said open end 206 can be formed if the closed edge curve 223 of the opening is arranged to coincide with the closed edge curve 227 delimiting the low activity surface 103.

Arranging at least one edge of the aperture to meander can improve the radiation properties of the ra30 emitter 207, since increasing the closed envelope 224 delimiting aperture 203 affects impedance matching and bandwidth as increasing aperture 203. Furthermore, arranging said edge curve to meander may cause new resonances in the opening to new frequency ranges, or in new polarizations, whereby a single opening 203

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Multiple focused radiation sources may be provided for 303 different frequency ranges and different polarization components.

5c, a plurality of said radiation sources 303 having different operating frequencies and polarization levels are provided on the low-emitting surface 103 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Operation of a single narrow linear opening as a concentrated radiation source

An arrangement such as a preferred embodiment of the Building Supply 110 of the present invention comprises a gap emitter array 202 disposed on a low emptying surface 103 formed by narrow linear apertures on a low emptying surface 203, and wherein a narrow a resonant circuit serving as a concentrated radiation source 303.

Figures 6a-6c show some openings 203 according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention in low-emptiness surface 103. Fig. 6a illustrates an example of a low-emittance surface 103 in accordance with the present invention. Figure 6b illustrates another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. and Fig. 6c illustrates how the solution depicted in Fig. 6b can be arranged on a low-emissivity surface 103, for example by a single laser-fired meandering or branching line.

6a to 6c, it is typical that the opening 203 provided on the low-emitting surface 103 enhances the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the building material and that the electrical conductivity of said opening is substantially lower than the electrical conductivity of said low-emitting surface 103. It is also typical for said opening 203 that the edge of the opening 203 forms at least one closed edge curve 223, and said opening

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203 defines a closed envelope 224 such that said opening 203 is within the closed envelope 224 and has an area 225 defined by the closed envelope 224 substantially greater than the area 226 of the inner opening 203 of the closed envelope 224 and substantially smaller than the closed edge 223 , thereby forming at least one region 231 of a low ejection surface 103 within the area delimited by the closed envelope 224, at which the closed envelope 224 does not coincide with the edge curve 223.

It is also typical for the examples shown in Figures 6a-6c that the aperture 203 provided on the low emptying surface 103 is arranged to form at least one positive charge distribution 208 and a negative 209 charge distribution of the an electric field vector oscillating in the first polarization between the two edges, which, together with said surface current formed on the low-emitting surface 103, forms a gap radius 303 in the first polarization that enhances the propagation of the electromagnetic signal in the resonant circuit.

Fig. 6a illustrates a preferred embodiment of the slot radiator 207 of the present invention, wherein the narrow linear opening 203 is arranged to provide a first positive charge distribution 208, and a first negative charge distribution 209 at the edges of the narrow linear opening 203 bounded by an edge in a non-conductive region.

6a, the, present formed by a slot radiator according to the preferred embodiment of the invention the narrow line-shaped similar to the opening 203 of the resonance circuit 207 comprised by the resonant dimension 215 is preferably arranged at the incoming side length of a plane wave 301 of the frequency of vibration. Said resonant circuit of said gap radiator 207 may advantageously be arranged in resonance at any frequency between 600 MHz and 6000 MHz.

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Preferably, said resonant circuit of said slit radiator 207 may also be resonant at some frequency between 300 MHz and 30 GHz.

Figure 6b illustrates a preferred embodiment of slot radiator 207 of the present invention 5, wherein the narrow linear opening 203 is arranged to provide a first positive charge distribution 208 and a first negative charge distribution 209 at the edges of the narrow linear opening and is influenced by the a linear opening 203 in the periphery of the periphery bounded by a non-conductive region.

The electromotive force 204 of the gap radiator and the associated current loop 210 form a resonant system oscillating at the resonant frequency. Preferably, said resonant frequency can be provided for one or more frequencies in the 300 MHz to 30 GHz frequency range.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 6b according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention also comprises an area within the low curvature surface 103 defined by an edge curve defined by a narrow linear region 203 arranged to form a second positive charge distribution 211 and a second negative charge distribution 212. an electric motor force 204 which individually acts as a concentrated radiation source 303 and whose induced electromagnetic radiation forms a coherent aal25 propagation region 302 propagated in the blind area.

The 6b presented by the resonant dimension 207 comprised by the slot radiator formed by a narrow line-shaped according to a preferred embodiment of the throw of the present invention 203 215 are preferably arranged side lon incoming plane wave length 301 aal30 oscillation frequency.

An embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention compensates for the loss of efficiency typically caused by low conductivity low surface conductivity surface losses by arranging differential current generating portions of low conductivity surface openings 203

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 so that the efficiencies will partially offset each other, thereby increasing the proportion of current modes that have a positive effect on the increase in radiation efficiency around the gap radiator. Said reversible currents are formed in close proximity to the same low conductivity surface conductive region so that they are not significantly separated by an opening between the currents.

The examples of Figures 6a and 6b further mention an area delimited by an edge curve of a narrow linear region 203 arranged to form a second positive charge distribution 211 and a second negative charge distribution 212, wherein the arrangement illustrated comprises two electromotive forces 204 which individually function as induced electromagnetic radiation forms a coherent wavefront 302 propagating in the blind area. The examples further illustrate a return current 213 formed between the second positive charge distribution 211 and the second negative voltage charge 212. The flow direction of said return stream 213 in the examples of Figures 6a and 6b is opposite to that of the current loop 210. Said return current 213 forms a differential, i.e., differential, surface current in a gap radiator such as that shown in Figures 6a and 6b, in which current loop 210 and return current 213 hate in the opposite direction close to one another. A transmission line carrying intimately hostile opposing anger, such as the narrow opening section, does not constitute an effective electromagnetic energy radiator, and as shown in Figures 6a and 6b, electric fields generated by coherent electromotive forces form and between 211 and 209. In the arrangements of Figures 6a and 6b, oppositely-hating currents 210 and 213 form a differential pair in which the differential currents concentrate on a portion of the gap radiator 207, where current is centered on the edges of opening 203 and wherein the surface current travels

6a and 6b, the slit radiator 207 described herein comprises two focused radiation sources 303, wherein said radiation sources 303 comprise portions of opening 203 of a low-emptying surface 103 in which

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The surface current formed at the opposite electrically conductive edges of the opening 203 comprises hating differential current elements, wherein said differential current elements are determined by current 210 and return current 213, and wherein the differential lowering surface 103 exhibits a differential opening element 103. The 203 partitions are arranged in overlapping order. Fig. 6a illustrates a differential current element 232, as well as a reverse return differential differential element 233, wherein said differential current elements occur in a portion of the gap radiator 207 and wherein said currents occur at electrically conductive edges of opening 203, said edges being partially overlapping .

Said differential currents comprise a differential current element 232, as well as an opposing anger element 233 hating near said current element 232. In the structure shown in FIG. 6a, the distance of said differential currents is determined by the width of opening 203 at the portion where said currents are generated by external excitation. The typical width of the opening 203, for example with a single laser line, can be 10-100 µm, or even with a laser opened area it can be, for example, 0.1-2 mm. In addition, with some mechanical means, the narrow opening20 may have a width of 5 to 10 mm.

The closed edge curve 223 of the exemplary opening 203 of Figure 6b comprises a first edge curve part 221 and a second edge curve part 222, wherein both the first edge curve part 221 and the second edge curve part 222 are arranged to be meandering. The width of said opening 203 is not uniform but varies as a function of position. Arranging said edge curve portions in a meandering manner provides beneficial effects on the electrical operation of the slot radiator 207. The meandering portion of the curve acts to extend the flow path 30 of the resonating surface current 210 formed on the low ejection surface 103, thereby extending the resonant dimension 215 of the opening 203 and shifting the resonant frequency of the opening 203 to lower frequencies. This has the effect of reducing the size of the opening 203 because the frequency offset is usually compensated by reducing the size of the gap radiator 207. Correspondingly, this has the effect of reducing heat loss on the low-emitting surface 103.

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Figure 6b illustrates how, in an embodiment such as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a curved portion of the opening curve can be applied to extend the flow path of the current loop 210. In addition, a special phenomenon improving the electrical operation of the gap radiator is achieved by the fact that the current stream loop 210, as well as the return stream 213 flowing in the region of low emptying surface delimited by another edge of opening 203, can be forced to flow farther apart. This phenomenon has a particularly beneficial effect on the efficiency of the gap radiator, bandwidth, and the possibility of adjusting the impedance in the resonance. The adjustment of said impedance is further influenced by an electromotive force inducible inside the opening 203, the position and intensity of which can be controlled by arranging some edge curve of the opening. Said phenomenon of improving the efficiency and bandwidth of a gap radiator can be explained by the fact that the so-called "fluxes" are typically flowing in the opposite direction, that is, in a differential fashion. differential currents, are not efficient radiators if opposing currents travel close to each other. By interfering with the differential surface current as described in the example, the function of the structure as a radiator can be enhanced.

6b and 6c, wherein the edge of the opening 203 comprises a section arranged to be curved such that the low-emptying surface 103 is delimited by an electrically conductive region 231 of the low-emptying surface 103 enclosed by a closed envelope 224, the closed envelope 224 does not coincide with the closed edge curve 223 of the opening 203. Said region 231 may advantageously be arranged such that the edge curve portion 221 defining the electrically conductive region 231 defines two or more opening portions arranged at least partially overlapping. Said portions are arranged at a distance 234 from each other, wherein the distance 234 limits the distance between the differential current elements formed in the conductive region 231, wherein said differential current elements extend at opposite edges of the continuous conductor region. In an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, said distance 234 is arranged to be less than one tenth of the wavelength of the operating frequency. By way of example, one can

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 For example, with working slot radiators in the 800 and 900 MHz bands, differential current elements arranged less than 50 mm apart start to have a mutually exclusive effect, and at mutes less than 10 mm the mutual canceling effect of the currents is already significant . When the distance 234 of the differential current elements is less than 5 mm apart, the opposite current elements 232 and 233 within the area 231 delimited by the overlapping opening portions 203 overlap each other, and the surface current in the direction of the current loop 210 is amplified.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said at least one opening 203 is arranged to form an electric field such that said at least partially overlapping edges are overlapping in the direction of the electric field acting over the edges.

Figure 6b illustrates the formation of differential current elements 232 and 233 in portions formed by portion 221 of the edge curve of opening 203, wherein the edge portions of opening 203 are arranged partially overlapping. The electromagnetic energy carried by the incoming planar wave 301 acts as an excitation for opposite charge distributions at the edges of the openings 203 provided on the low-emitting surface 103. Said charge distributions serve as sources for surface current 210, said surface current 210 dividing into a common and differential current mode by a closed envelope 224 defining a radio-transmissive aperture 201 comprising a low-emptivity surface 103. In Fig. 6b, for the sake of illustration, differential current elements 232 'and 233' are distinguished from other marked current elements 232 and 233. Said current elements 232 'and 233' form a stronger amplitude than the other said current elements 232 and 233, since the latter current elements are arranged in a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention as mutually exclusive. The arrangement shown now causes a portion of the meandering edge curve 221 to behave like a wide opening in a low ejection surface. The present arrangement improves the efficiency and bandwidth of the narrow linear aperture 203, which acts as a slot emitter, especially when the aperture width is less than 500

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 um, and when the opening is made to a non-ideal low conductivity surface acting as a conductor.

Fig. 6c further illustrates the implementation of an opening 203 similar to the example shown in Fig. 6b by means of a device for producing a narrow linear opening, such as a laser. The opening 203 may be provided on the low-ejection surface 103 preferably using a single meandering or branching line. Preferably, said line may be less than 200 µm wide.

Vertical polarized gap radiators in a conductive grid structure

The narrow linear opening 203 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention may be used to enhance the passage of the magnetic energy 15 of the plane wave 301 through the electrically conductive lattice structure 220. The electrically conductive lattice structure 220 may comprise metal venetian blinds. The electrically conductive lattice structure may also comprise a frequency selective surface provided on the second low ejection surface 103. Figures 7a-7c show an example of such a structure.

Typically, the horizontal blinds comprise a plurality of thin metal strips 216 whose position 217 can be rotated to adjust the amount of light transmitted through the window. Metal blinds are known to interfere with the passage of electromagnetic energy through a window. For example, in a patent

US5364685A - Central Glass Company discloses permeation damping of an electrically conductive lattice structure implemented on a selective surface of glass. The patent states by measurements that when the polarization of the incoming wave is parallel to the lattice structure strips, the attenuation is significant, while the polarization is orthogonal to the strip direction, the transmission is more efficient. In the case of metal venetian blinds, this means severe interference in the transmission of horizontal polarization when the metal venetian blinds are oriented horizontally.

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In addition to transmitting wave attenuation, metal strips can significantly interfere with the frequency selective surface applied to the selective film. The proximity of the metal strips can interfere with the function of the frequency-selective surfaces in at least two ways. The first disturbance to the surface function is due to the near-field loading caused by the hot metal. This means that the metal parts of the metal venetian blinds are uncontrollably coupled to the filter elements of the frequency selective surface and unwantedly tuned to their operating frequency and transmission impedance. Another interference with the function of the frequency-selective surface is due to non-controlled reflections of the uncontrolled metal strip. In other words, part of the signal from the electromagnetic wave is reflected from the metal parts of the metal venetian blinds back into its upstream direction.

Figures 7a, 7b and 7c show slit radiators 207 of an aperture 201 transmitting a radio signal through an aperture 201 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein slit radiators 207 formed by narrow linear apertures 203 are arranged to receive a plane wave 301 220 at least partially vertically polarized.

The electrically conductive lattice structure 220 comprises a plurality of, preferably horizontal, electrically conductive strips 216 disposed at an angle 217 adjacent to the present low ejection surface 103. The orientation 217 of the electrically conductive strip 216 defines the projection 218 of the grid structure of the electrically conductive strip 25 on the low-emptying surface. Correspondingly, the orientation 217 of the electrically conductive strip 216 also defines the projection 219 of the grid structure on the low emptying surface of the non-conductive regions.

A radio-transmitting aperture according to the present invention

A narrow linear opening 203 according to a preferred embodiment of slot radiator 207 is arranged to provide a first positive charge distribution 208 and a first negative charge distribution 209 of the electric field vector 308 of incoming plane 301 at the edges of the narrow linear opening and wherein the

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 the boundary curve of the opening 203 in an area of no electrical conductivity and wherein the electromotive force 204 is arranged at least partially vertical. The arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the gap radiator 207 disclosed herein further comprises a slidable opening 205 formed by a narrow linear opening 203, and a current loop 210 circulating said shorted end 205. at least partially vertically polarized. The present narrow linear opening 203 also comprises a second short-circuit end 205 and a second current loop 210 circulating therethrough.

At least partially vertically polarized slit radiator 207, as disclosed herein, enables wireless signal transmission through a window of metal slatted blinds. The metal venetian blinds comprise a plurality of metal strips oriented horizontally, but there is no electrically conductive metal contact between them. A current loop 210 circulating a short-circuit end 205 of a narrow linear opening 203 as shown herein comprises a current maximum having a vertical flow direction. Any electric current flowing in the conductor switches the opposite conductive current to the surrounding conductors, but in this case, the vertically oriented current loop 210 does not connect the opposite electric current to the metal strips of the metal venetian blinds since the vertical current passage is interrupted.

At least partially vertically polarized slit radiator 207, as shown herein, is arranged to provide an electromotive force 204 that is at least partially vertically oriented. This electromotive force does not connect a uniform surface current mat in the direction of the electric field to the metal strips of the metal venetian blinds, because the vertical flow path between the venetian metal strips is interrupted.

At least partially vertically polarized slit radiator 207, as disclosed herein, allows the reception and re-use of electromagnetic energy.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 through an insulating glass element 100 comprised of an aperture 201 transmitting a radio signal of flame radiation when the insulating glass element 100 is provided in a window comprising metal blinds.

An embodiment such as a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an insulating glass element 100 having a radio-transmissive aperture 201 disposed on a first low-emptivity surface 103, and a second low-emptivity surface 103 provided with a planar frequency-selective tabs 216. The first and second low-emptiness surface 103 may be arranged in the same insulating glass element 100. The first and second low-emptiness surface 103 may also be arranged in the same window, each arranged in a separate frame.

A method and arrangement for reducing conductor losses in a low ejection surface by canceling differential current elements

An embodiment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention overrides said reverse radiative efficiency streams, thereby making individual narrow openings 203 more efficient radiators. The method of the present invention can be applied to narrow apertures, wherein the apertures are preferably less than 200 µm wide, and wherein the individual apertures are arranged at least partially overlapping with one another. The method may also be applied to portions of the individual apertures 203, wherein the differential currents of the individual aperture cancel each other in at least some portions of the aperture 203 comprising the focused radiation sources 303 of the gap radiator array 202. The method attenuates the relationship between the amplitudes of the differential currents and the amplitudes of common currents by portions of the edge curves of the slot 203 opening, where said currents are centered on the bounded curve region 224 of the envelope 103 defining the slot group 202 or the radio transmitting aperture 201.

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The present method is characterized in that the mutually reversing effect of the differential current elements occurs in the same conductor surface area, without substantially separating said currents between the non-conductive region. Thus, said currents are summed in the region of a single conductor such that the remaining opposite current elements of said current elements hate to be electrically unopened separated from said current elements. By way of example, three adjacent electrical conductor regions can be mentioned, separated by two openings. In the sections of said openings, current elements in opposite directions may flow on both sides of both openings. Specifically, the edges of two openings between the three conductor surfaces can pass through four current-directional current elements, of which in the middle conductor the two opposite-current current elements are summed and canceled.

The present invention compensates for the loss of efficiency typically caused by low conductivity low surface conductivity surface loss by increasing the throughput signal efficiency on a coherent wavefront formed by a plurality of focused gap radiators in which at least one of the three the distances of portions of openings 203 forming differential current elements. Said asymmetric spacing may include widths arranged to be less than 5 mm, as well as distances arranged to be more than 10 mm.

An arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a plurality of narrow linear openings 203 arranged in close proximity such that currents flowing at the edges of said openings interact with each other so that the summing of said currents and partial reversal of each other enhance the operation of the performance.

Fig. 8a shows a slit radiator array 202 of an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, exemplified by three

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 Separate narrow linear openings 203 ', 203 "and 203'" on the low side surface 103, of which the opening 203 "is located in the middle.

In the example of Figure 8a, the electric field vector 308 5 of the incoming planar wave 301 induces a low ejection surface arranged on the surface of the dielectric material

103, electromotive forces 204, wherein the maximum electric field defining said electromotive force is defined in the region of the open end 206 of the opening, and opposite-sign charge distributions 208/209 on both sides of the opening, and , as well as differential current elements 232 and 233, wherein said differential current elements depict oppositely directed currents at opposite edges of the opening along the opening portion. Current element 233 may be interpreted as a reverse 15 current relative to current element 232.

An arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises arranging portions of closely spaced narrow linear openings 203, at least partially overlapping, so that the differential current elements of adjacent openings cancel each other out. This provides a significant improvement in the efficiency of the narrow linear opening as a slit radiator when the slit radiator is implemented on a low emptying surface which acts as a non-ideal conductive surface, such as a metal oxide surface of a selective glass. Said overlapping opening portions may advantageously comprise single opening portions arranged to overlap with one another by arranging the opening edge curve. Said overlapping opening portions may also advantageously comprise separate opening portions arranged in an overlapping manner as shown.

Said differential current elements do not function effectively as sources of radiation, because at the opposite edges of a single narrow opening they hate in the opposite direction and thus do not reinforce each other. However, said differential currents effectively convert the electromagnetic radiation received by the gap emitter 207 into the low emitted surface into heat by the action of conductive losses. For use on glass surfaces

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The electrical conductivity of coatings is typically clearly weaker than, for example, copper, whereby resistive losses can be considerable.

When an electromagnetic wave encounters an opening 203 formed on an electrically conductive surface, thereby forming a new gap source radiator, an incoming wave, and an electrically conductive low emissivity surface

At the 103 interface, there is reflection due to impedance mismatch, the intensity of which depends on the difference between the surface impedance of the electromagnetic wave and the low-side surface 103 at different frequencies10.

The real part of said surface impedance comprises the radiation resistance due to the radiation loss formed by the gap radiator and the ohmic resistance due to the non-ideal conductivity of the conductor surface. Said radiation resistivity 15 dance describes the desired electromagnetic energy, which has ended up to be re-irradiated, while said ohmic loss resistance reduces the efficiency of the structure by converting the electromagnetic energy into heat at a low-emission surface.

In an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the portions of the openings 203 are arranged in close proximity such that the differential current elements formed in the regions of the adjacent portions cancel each other, thereby reducing the ohmic impedance of the real part impedance of the surface impedance In this way, the efficiency of the gap radiators formed in the non-ideal electrical conductor can be enhanced with respect to the gap radiators located far apart.

An arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises arranging at least partially overlapping portions of closely spaced narrow linear openings 203 such that the differential current elements of adjacent openings cancel each other out and thereby reduce resistive losses in the low-emitting surface.

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In the example of Figure 8a, a portion of the currents of the resonating current loop described above at the opening 203 'is described by the differential current elements 232' and 233 '. Similarly, the resonating current loop of the middle described opening 203 "is described herein by the differential current elements 232" and 233 "and the circulating current loop 210 of the short-circuited end 205 of the opening, and the resonating current loop of the lowest described opening 203 ' and 233 '' and opening by a short-circuiting current 210. The openings 203 ', 203 "and 203'" can advantageously be arranged in close proximity so that the mutually reinforcing effect of the differential current elements is enhanced. As an exemplary, but not exclusive, mention may be made of a slit radiator array resonating in the 900 MHz frequency band, wherein the spacing 234 of the opposite differential current elements 232 and 233 flowing at the edges of two adjacent openings 203 is mutually preferred to operate at less than 30mm tenth of a wavelength. At distances of less than 10 mm, the opposing currents begin to effectively cancel each other out. When the differential current elements 234 are less than 5mm apart, the opposite current elements 232 and 233 within the region 231 delimited by the overlapping portions of the opening 203 overlap each other, and the surface current in the direction of the current current 210 is amplified in said conductive regions.

In the example of Fig. 8a, the current loops formed at the edges of the openings 203 ', 203 "and 203" are not similar to each other due to the interaction of mutually canceling currents. The upper opening 203 'of the differential current elements 232' has a stronger amplitude than the current element 233 'because the opening 203 "current element 232" cancels out part of said surface current. Correspondingly, the lowest opening 203 '' of the differential current elements 233 '' has a stronger amplitude than the current element 232 ''. The middle current 203 "differential current elements 232" and 233 "do not form as intense an imbalance as the outermost openings, but are each amplified in amplitude to the outermost current embryos of the outermost openings and to the oscillating common loop 35 of the opening.

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The above arrangement causes narrow, linear openings, or portions of openings, in which proximal currents are significant, to form interleaved amplitudes, but close to each other, with narrow, linear openings or portions of openings where the differential currents are significant. each other because said current loops flow coherently, i.e. in the same phase and in parallel. In the example of Fig. 8a, the current loops 210 rotating the short-circuited end of the opening form a common-mode current pattern, where the currents 210 of the individual openings arranged in close proximity to each other form a single current pattern. With the arrangement described, the currents circulating the short-circuited ends of the plurality of overlapping openings form a current pattern closely resembling that of a wide opening. By way of example, a wide opening may be mentioned as being about 2 to 5 cm wide.

The present invention compensates for the loss of efficiency typically caused by low conductivity low surface conductivity surface losses by increasing the throughput signal efficiency on a coherent wavefront formed by a plurality of focused slot20 radiators, wherein partially overlapping portions of differential current elements forming portions of openings 203 in which said differential current elements cancel each other out. Said asymmetric spacing may include widths arranged to be less than 5 mm, as well as distances arranged to be more than 10 mm. Fig. 8c shows a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein said openings 203 are partially overlapped and the spacing 234 of opposite differential current elements comprising said openings is asymmetric. Fig. 8b also shows a structure according to the present invention also with a symmetrical opening aperture, wherein said openings reflect wide slot radiators. Figure 8c shows an embodiment with the one now shown

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 The method has a favorable effect on the radiation properties of narrow openings, where the function of grouped narrow openings as a gap radiator approximates the radiation properties of wide openings.

The current loops 210 depicted in Fig. 8c are formed by the sum of the current loops circulating the individual openings 203, where the opposite differential current elements formed between adjacent openings 203 cancel each other out, and the currents circulating the shorted ends 205 of the openings 203 are summed. The electric motive forces 204 generated in the non-conductive areas of the individual openings 203 are summed in the same phase. In the example of Fig. 8c, adjacent openings 203 are separated by uniform electrically conductive areas of low ejection surface 103 wherein the spacing 234 'of mutually canceling differential current elements is preferably less than 5mm. Opposite differential current elements formed in these coherent conductor regions weaken each other such that the permeability properties of openings 203, which are grouped together in a closely spaced array of gap radiators, are significantly enhanced with respect to spaced openings. In the example of Fig. 8c, the overlapping openings 203 are further separated by uniform electrically conductive areas of low emptying surface 103 in which the spacing 234 'of the mutually canceling differential current elements is arranged to be multiplied by the spacing 234'. The arrangement described herein has created discrete clusters of slit radiators, wherein said clusters function as an effective slit radiator alone, and wherein the summing of the wavefronts formed by said individual clusters increases the gain shown in the radiation pattern of the Building Material 110 of the present invention.

A building accessory 110 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises at least one electrically conductive matt30 spreading surface 103 provided with at least one opening 203 to enhance the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the building material and having an electrical conductivity substantially lower than at least one lowering surface 103 comprising at least two opening portions separated by an electrically conductive region 231 of a low-emptying surface 103, said opening portions having two or

20185031 prh 11-01-2018, and that the distance 234 'between said portions, which portions are separated by the electrically conductive region 231 of the low ejection surface 103, is many times greater than the distance 234' between said portion openings of said portion.

Electrical loading of low-level opening

An embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a narrow linear aperture 203 provided on a low-emptying surface 103, wherein said aperture 203 is arranged to operate as a slot emitter 207 at a wavelength of oscillation. Said gap radiator further comprises at least a first loading area 403 and a second loading area 404 between which said opening 203 of the low conductivity surface 103 is arranged to form at least one non-conductive discontinuity point. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gap radiator 207 between said load areas 403 and 404 may be loaded with an impedance 405. Such impedance 405 may be arranged, for example, to operate at new frequencies or with low frequency transmission characteristics. Further, the impedance of said gap radiator can be adapted to the free space impedance more efficiently or in new frequency ranges. In addition, the impedances of the individual concentrated radiation sources 303 of the gap emitting surface 103 comprising the low emitting surface 103 may be adjusted to rotate the beam of said gap emitter group at some operating frequency. Said load impedance 405 can be implemented by any control element. Typical control elements are e.g. passive coils, resistors, capacitors, or phase shifters, each of which may be implemented with either discrete components or longitudinal components, or with a short or long transmission line portion. The control elements may also include active or actively adjustable load elements, such as transistors or varactors.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018

Figures 9a and 9b show slit radiators according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention in which passive longitudinally distributed components are provided in the discontinuity regions between the load areas 403 and 404.

Fig. 9a shows an arrangement in which a longitudinally distributed inductance is provided in the area of the low ejection surface 103 between said load areas 403 and 404, wherein said inductance is coupled between two portions of an edge curve of a breast opening 203. Said longitudinally distributed inductance can be arranged, for example, by arranging a portion of the curve of the opening 203 to be meandering. Said inductance is arranged in the electrically conductive region 23T of the low emptying surface 103 in Fig. 9a. The parameters of said inductance depend on the geometry of the arrangement and the properties of the materials used. For example, the inductance formed on the selective surface of the glass also comprises a series resistor which can be remarkably high when compared to, for example, a similar geometry formed on an aluminum surface. Said inductance forms a filter structure arranged in parallel with opening 203. Said filter structure generates a frequency-dependent load impedance on the gap radiator 207, wherein said load impedance is coupled in parallel with said gap radiator. Said load impedance may comprise, for example, a high impedance approaching an open-circuit load, whereby the surface current formed on the low-emitting surface 103 does not substantially flow through that impedance at the frequency at which the high impedance is provided.

Fig. 9b shows an arrangement for generating a new resonant frequency of a gap radiator in which a longitudinally distributed inductance is provided in the area of the low dissipation surface 103 between the load areas 403 and 404, and capacitance connected in series with said inductance to form a resonant circuit. Said resonant circuit forms a filter structure arranged in parallel with the opening 203 and the loading areas 403 and 404. Said inductance is arranged in the electrically conductive region 23T of the low ejection surface 103 in Fig. 9b.

The serial capacity forming said resonant circuit is shown in Figure 9b

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 provided for an opening portion 203 between the conductive region 231 'and the load region 404. Said resonant circuit generates a frequency-dependent load impedance on the gap radiator 207, wherein said load impedance is coupled in parallel with said gap radiator.

The band-pass, band-pass, high-pass or low-pass filter may also be provided between two separate gap radiators, whereby separate gap radiators 207 formed by openings 203 may be combined to create new resonant bands.

Fig. 10a shows an embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the building material 110 comprises a dielectric material 229 and a low-emptying surface 103, wherein said low-emitting surface is provided with an opening 203 the permeability characteristics are controlled by the load impedance 405. Said load impedance is in communication with the interface element 402, which in this example is implemented by an electrically conductive strip. Said connection element can be implemented either by galvanic contact or by an arrangement operating only through an electric or magnetic field. In the example of Fig. 10a, said interface element is implemented by capacitive coupling.

The interface element 402 of Fig. 10a provides an electrical connection between the oscillating surface currents and electric fields in the low-emitting surface area 103 of the gap radiator and the load impedance 405 that controls them. Said low-release web surface 103 comprises an opening 203 arranged as a gap radiator and provided with at least a first loading area 403 and a second loading area 404 between which said opening

203 is arranged to form at least one non-conductive discontinuity point. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gap radiator 207 between said load areas 403 and 404 may be loaded with an impedance 405 in different frequency ranges.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018

Fig. 10b illustrates a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the building material 110 comprises at least a dielectric material 229 and a low-emitting surface 103, and a radio-transmissive aperture arranged on said low-emitting surface 103. The arrangement further comprises an interface element 402 and a matching component 407. Said matching component 407 may comprise either discrete components or longitudinal distributed matching components, or a phase shifter such as a short transmission line. The adapter components mentioned in the example of Fig. 10b as well as said interface element are implemented on a circuit board 406 where the circuit board further provides a mechanical fastening. Said circuit board may be implemented, for example, as a flexible circuit board, or as a flexible circuit board, and may also comprise mechanical components, for example for mounting. The interface element 402 or the adapter component 406 can also be implemented without a separate circuit board. These can also be applied directly to the surface of said dielectric material 229, for example, by printing, printing, or any other additive method.

Said matching component may comprise either discrete components or longitudinally distributed matching components. The adapter components mentioned in the example of Fig. 10b, as well as said interface element, are implemented on a circuit board 406 where the circuit board further provides mechanical fastening. Said circuit board may be implemented, for example, as a flexible circuit board, or as a flexible circuit board, and may also comprise mechanical components, for example for mounting. The interface element 402 or the adapter component 406 can also be implemented without a separate circuit board. These can also be applied directly to the surface of said dielectric material 229, for example, by printing, printing, or any other additive method.

Fig. 10c shows a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the building material 110 comprises at least a dielectric material 229 and a first low-emptivity surface 103 arranged on its first surface and a radio-transmissive aperture 207 on said first low-emptivity surface 103. The arrangement further comprises another

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 A low-emissivity surface 103 disposed on one side of said dielectric material 229 and a gap-emitting aperture arranged on a second low-emissivity surface 103. The arrangement further comprises an interface element 402, as well as an adapter component 407 arranged in connection with both low-ejection surface surfaces. The arrangement illustrated in the example of Fig. 10c may be implemented, for example, in connection with an insulating glass element 100, which may comprise a plurality of low-emptiness surfaces. The arrangement described provides a load impedance, the circuit board 406 of which can be implemented, either partially or completely, with the gases of the insulating glass element, or outside the glass elements. Said circuit board 406 can be implemented as either a flexible tape or a solid structure.

Fig. 10d illustrates a structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the building material 110 comprises at least a dielectric material 229 and a first low-emitting surface 103 provided on its first surface and a radio-transmissive aperture formed by a gap emitter 207 arranged on said first low-emitting surface 103. The arrangement further comprises a second low-emissivity surface 103 disposed on one of the surfaces of said dielectric material 229 and a gap-emitting aperture arranged on the second low-emissivity surface 103 to form a radio-transmitting aperture. The arrangement further comprises an interface element 402 and an adapter component 407 arranged in association with both low-ejection surface surfaces.

The arrangement illustrated in the example of Fig. 10d may be implemented, for example, in connection with an aluminum-faced insulating board, which may comprise a plurality of low-emptying surfaces. The arrangement described generates a load impedance, the implementing circuit board 406 of which can be located on either side of the low-emptying surface 103. Said circuit board 406 can be implemented as either a flexible tape or a solid structure. The circuit board comprising the adapter components and the connection element in the form of a tape or a film may further form a vapor barrier.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018

Adjusting Low Permeability Permeability Properties

The transmission characteristics of the aperture transmitting the radio signal can be adjusted by adjusting the properties of the gap radiators of the gap radiator array comprising said aperture by means of a related load impedance 405. Said load impedance 405 communicates with an interface element 402, wherein said interface element forms an electromagnetic coupling with the first and second loading areas of the low-discharge surface. Said electromagnetic coupling may be implemented as galvanic, inductive or capacitive coupling.

Fig. 11a illustrates a building accessory 110 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising at least a dielectric material 229, and a low emptying surface 103 disposed thereon, wherein said aperture surface is provided with a plurality of openings 203 to enhance the passage of the electromagnetic signal; the transmissive aperture comprises a gap radiator array formed by slit radiators 207, wherein the shortest dimension of said radio transmitting aperture is preferably arranged to be less than a wavelength at the lowest operating frequency of the slit radiator group comprising said aperture, and wherein the aperture is Said dimension 305 may advantageously be arranged in the width of the aperture in the horizontal direction. Said openings 203 comprise meandering edge curves in which the arcuate openings are arranged partially overlapping with each other.

11a further illustrates a control unit 408, wherein said control unit 408 communicates with a matching component 407 implementing said load impedance 405. the control unit 408 may only be used to control the load impedances 405, wherein said control unit 408 will only participate

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 For adjusting the characteristics of the signal passing through the low-emitting surface 103. Said property control comprises at least adjusting the low impedance surface penetration impedance, frequency response, beamforming, and filtering effects.

A preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention comprises at least two gap radiators 207 which are loaded with different load impedances 405, wherein said gap radiators 207 are provided either as part of a single opening 203 or as separate openings 203.

The load impedance illustrated in Fig. 11a is in communication with an interface element 402 'and 402', wherein said interface elements communicate with the load areas 403 and 404 arranged on the low-emptivity surface 103, and with the arrangement forming the load impedance 405. Said connection elements can be implemented either by galvanic contact or only by an arrangement operating via an electric or magnetic field, such as a capacitive plate or strip, or an inductive loop.

The control unit 408 according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention comprises an arrangement for adjusting the load impedance 405. In addition, said control unit 408 may be arranged to establish a wireless connection 409 to another wireless device. Said connections may be provided, for example, to exterior building base stations, indoor building base stations, indoor or outdoor wireless communication devices 401, etc. The said control unit may be provided such that a single unit controls a plurality of load impedances, or a single control unit controls.

The control unit 408 according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Supply 110 of the present invention may perform modulation, demodulation and amplification of the wireless signal. It can also perform frequency aggregation and carrier aggregation. Said control unit 408 may be arranged to transmit information between two

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 communication between different network technologies or protocols. For example, said control unit 408 may be arranged to transmit information between WLAN or WiGig networks and wireless mobile communications (such as 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE-advanced, 5G, or their evolution).

The control unit 408 according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Supply 110 of the present invention may comprise a microcontroller, a power supply, electronic memory areas, or external interfaces such as a usb port.

A control unit 408 according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Supply 110 of the present invention may be provided to provide a fixed extension connection 410, wherein said control unit 408 is provided as part of a building communications connection, such as a local area network or fiber optic cable. In this case, the building's internal signaling may be based on a traditional fiber-optic network, but the outside connection may be accomplished by wireless connections.

By providing an extension connection 410 to the building fiber network, a separate control unit 408 can be installed in the building to control the electromagnetic signal transmission characteristics of the building materials 110 of the present invention housed in individual room wall structures, thereby controlling and controlling wireless network cells in individual rooms. This method can be utilized, for example, for the benefit of base station network load and resource allocation, whereby sources of interference can be filtered, or carriers are routed for the benefit of the most resource intensive modes. Said separate control unit 408 may communicate with the base station network backbone network via an extension connection 410, or it may establish a wireless connection 409 with base stations.

The control unit 408 according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention comprises an arrangement for adjusting the transmission characteristics of the radio-transmitting aperture 201 and the radiation pattern formed by the gap radiator array 202 comprising said aperture at one or more frequencies.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018

The control unit 408 according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention comprises an arrangement for adjusting the impedance of the gap radiator 207 at one or more frequencies comprising a radio-transmitting aperture 201. Said impedance control can be used to adjust the radiation pattern formed by the gap radiator array 202 comprising said aperture 201.

Fig. 11b illustrates an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention, comprising a load impedance 405 arranged in connection with a gap radiator for adjusting low-pass surface penetration characteristics. The building material 110 may comprise either one or more low-emplacement surfaces, wherein said load impedances 405 are arranged to control the impedances of the gap radiators. Figure 11b shows an arrangement in which the aperture 201 formed in the building material 110 is arranged to receive planar waves 301 'and 301 "and to re-emit plane waves 304' and 304" to the opposite side of building material 110, where planar waves 304 'and 304 advancing wavefronts.

Figure 11c illustrates an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Said arrangement comprises a building material 110 having an aperture 201 for receiving planar waves 301 'and 301 "and for re-emitting plane waves 304' and 304" on an opposite side of the building material 110, wherein said aperture comprises for adjusting low penetration surface penetration properties. Said load impedance 405 is arranged to prevent the plane wave 301 'from passing through said aperture 201, wherein said wave 301' forms a reflected reflective wave front 306. The incoming wave 301 'whose transmission is attenuated by the present invention may comprise either an interference signal or a waveform 301. frequency oscillating signal.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018

Fig. 11d shows an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention, wherein a radiation pattern formed by a gap radiator array comprising a radio-transmitting aperture 201 is controlled by at least one side of a gap radius array 40 Said radiation pattern control can be implemented at one or more operating frequencies comprised by a gap radiator. Said radiation pattern control can also be implemented at a frequency different from the operating frequency of the gap radiator array, such as the frequency of an interference signal. The plane wave 301 'illustrated in Fig. 11d may comprise, for example, an electromagnetic signal propagating at a frequency different from the frequency of the wave 301'. For example, the present arrangement may be advantageous in cities where base stations are located on the roofs of buildings. Said wave 301 'may also comprise, for example, a signal transmitted by the interference generating device inside the building, the direction of which is to be blocked to the base station to eliminate the interference.

Fig. 11e shows an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention, having at least one low-ejection surface 103 provided with an opening 203 for forming a radio-transmissive aperture 201, said aperture 201 comprising a load impedance arranged at least from the energy of the electromagnetic signal to the control unit 408 arranged in connection with the building material 110, wherein the control unit may advantageously comprise at least a radio frequency transceiver or a wireless sensor. Said load impedance 405 may be used to convert any opening 203 of low building surface 103 comprised by said Building Supply 110 into an antenna such that said load impedance 405 comprises at least a matching circuit or transmission line disposed between control unit 408 and low opening surface 103. Said matching circuit may comprise either a capacitance or an inductance forming structure, or it may be an actively adjustable matching component. Said antenna may be used to establish a wireless connection 409.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018

A building accessory 110 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises at least one opening 203 arranged to form a gap radiator array 202, wherein said gap radiator array 202 is arranged to act as an antenna array by at least one load impedance 405, wherein said load impedance between the control unit provided. Said antenna array may also comprise a plurality of load impedances, at least some of which are arranged to adjust the radiation pattern or operating frequencies of the antenna array. Said antenna array may comprise multiple operating frequencies and multiple polarizations.

The building material 110 may comprise either one or more low-emplacement surfaces, wherein said load impedances 405 are arranged to control the impedances of the gap radiators. Fig. 11e shows an arrangement in which the aperture 201 formed in the building material 110 is arranged to receive plane waves 301 'and 301 "and to re-emit plane waves 304' and 304" to the opposite side of building material 110, where plane waves 304 'and 304 advancing wavefronts.

Figures 11a-11e show an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention, wherein the Building Material is a window. Said window comprises at least a first dielectric material 229 in which said dielectric material is glass and a low-emissivity surface 103 arranged on the surface of said dielectric material, wherein said low-emissivity surface 103 is a selective surface, anti-fog surface, sunscreen surface, semiconductor surface. Said window further comprises an insulating glass element comprising at least a first and a second glass sheet, wherein the at least one glass sheet comprises said dielectric material 229, and an airtight space 105 between said glass sheets. Said building material may further comprise a circuit impedance 406 forming a load impedance 405; 405 can be coupled into a window frame structure or wall structure, for example a transmission line such as

20185031 prh 11-01-2018 by means of a cable or twin wire, wherein said frame or wall structure can be connected to a control unit 408 which can be connected to an extension connection 410. Said control unit may be connected to a plurality of separate building members 5 of the present invention. comprises a plurality of building materials according to the present invention that provide either a wireless connection 409 or an otherwise provided extension 410, wherein said extension may be provided from the building to a base station, a backbone network, or any wireless communication device 401.

Figures 11a-11e show an arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the Building Material 110 of the present invention, wherein the building material is a heat insulating board. Said insulating board comprises at least a first dielectric material 229, wherein said dielectric material has a density of less than 200 kg / m 3. Said dielectric material may be, for example, PIR, PUR or EPS material, or some other material which acts as a heat insulator. The dielectric material may also be a thin film. Said film may be laminated into a part of a low-emptying surface, for example a vapor barrier, or it may be arranged, for example, in a vacuum-producing closed chamber. Said insulating sheet further comprises a low-emitting surface 103 arranged on the surface of said dielectric material, wherein said low-emitting surface 103 is aluminum. Said building material may further comprise at least a partial vapor barrier arrangement in which the vapor barrier is implemented either with a film or tape, which may comprise a printed circuit board 406 forming a load impedance 405 and a matching component 407. said control unit may be coupled to a plurality of separate building materials 110 of the present invention. Said building may comprise a plurality of building materials according to the present invention that either provide a wireless connection 409, or otherwise arranged 410 where said extension may be provided from a building to a base station, a backbone network, or some wireless communication device 401.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, signal propagation through a building material 110 comprising at least one electrically conductive low level surface 103 is provided, wherein the method comprises forming an opening 203 having an electrical conductivity substantially less than a single closed edge curve 223, wherein said opening 203 defines a closed envelope 224 such that said opening 203 is within the closed envelope 224 and has a surface area substantially delimited by the closed envelope 224 and a p 204 p smaller than the length of the closed boundary curve 223, resulting in at least one low-emission inside the area delimited by the closed envelope 224 area 231 of the surface surface 103 at which the closed envelope curve 224 does not coincide with the edge 15 curve 223.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the closed edge curve 223 of the opening 203 is formed to coincide with the closed edge curve 227 defining the low ejection surface 103.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the closed edge curve 223 of the opening 203 forms a closed edge curve separated from the closed edge curve 227 delimiting the low surface area 103.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said aperture 203 generates at least one positive 208 and negative 209 charge distribution acting as poles of a surface current formed on a low emptying surface 103 by a first polarization electromagnetic signal in combination with said surface current formed on the low-emitting surface 103, forms a resonant circuit for generating a gap radiator 207 operating as a concentrated radiation source 303 which enhances the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the building material.

20185031 prh 11-01-2018

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a low-emissivity surface 103 is provided with a gap-transmitting aperture group 202 comprising at least two of said gap radiators 207

201, wherein said slit radiators 207 are arranged to form concentrated radiation sources 303 emitting at least said first polarization direction electric field vector, and wherein said radio transmitting aperture 201 defines a building material 110 region delimited by a closed curve 230, said transverse aperture 230

201 is within said closed curve 230 and having a surface area defined by a closed curve 230 that is substantially smaller than an area bounded by a closed edge curve 227 defining a low activity surface 103.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said radio-transmitting aperture 201 is formed to be less than one wavelength in width and at least one wavelength in height to the lowest of said slit radiators 207 of the slit radiator array 202 comprising the aperture 201.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a low-emitting surface 103 is provided with a gap radius array 202 comprising at least two of said gap radiators 207, wherein said concentrated radius at the lowest resonant frequency, and wherein said vertical string can be arranged straight or meandering.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said opening 203 generates at least one positive 208 and negative 209 charge distribution acting as poles of a surface current formed on a low-emitting surface 103 by a second polarization electromagnetic which, together with said surface current formed on the low-emitting surface 103, provides a resonant circuit for generating a gap radiator 207 operating in a second polarization as a concentrated radiation source 303 which enhances the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the building material.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mata10 spreading surface 103 is formed on the surface of the dielectric material.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dielectric material is glass.

In a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dielectric material is used as dielectric material.

Claims (19)

A building material (110) comprising at least one electrically conductive low-emptying surface (103) provided with at least one opening (203) for enhancing the passage of a electromagnetic signal through the building material and having an electrical conductivity substantially lower than the low-emitting surface (103). that - the edges of said at least one opening (203) arranged on the low-emptying surface (103) form at least one closed 10 edge curves (223), and that - the edges of said openings (203) define a closed envelope (224) such that said openings (203) are inside a closed envelope (224) and have an area substantially greater than the area of the closed envelope (224). The surface area and length of the inner openings (203) 15 (224) is substantially smaller than the length of the closed edge curve (223), thereby forming at least one electrically conductive region (231) of the low edge surface (103) enclosed by the closed envelope (224). the envelope (224) is not congruent With 20 edge curves (223), and where - said electrically conductive region (231) of the low ejection surface (103) defining at least two edges of the opening (203) arranged at least at a distance (234), wherein said edges are at least partially overlapping, and wherein 25 - said at least one opening (203) comprises at least two opening portions separated by an electrically conductive region (231) of a low side surface (103), said opening portions having two or more linear apertures, and that the distance (234 ") between said portions is said lineage of said section 30 relative to the gap (234 ') between the openings. A building material (110) according to claim 1, characterized in that said opening (203) is arranged to form at least one position78 acting as poles of a surface stream formed on a low-side surface (103). 20185031 prh 10 -09- 2018 dense (208) and negative (209) charge distribution in the first polarization due to a vibrating electromagnetic signal encountered by the Building Material (110), and an opening (203) inside the first polarization oscillating electric field vector, 5, which together with said surface current formed on the low-emitting surface (103), forms a resonant circuit for generating a gap radiator (207) acting as a concentrated radiation source (303) to enhance the passage of the electromagnetic signal through the building material. A building material (110) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one opening (203) is arranged to form an electric field, said at least partially overlapping edges being overlapping in the direction of the electric field acting over the edges. 4. The building material as claimed in claim 2 or 3, (110), characterized in that the resonant circuit comprised in the resonant dimension of the slot radiator formed by the opening (203) (207) (215) is preferably arranged at the incoming side length of a plane wave (301) for frequency of vibration. A building material (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said closed edge curve (223) of said at least one opening (203) or the closed edge curve (227) defining said low emptying surface (103) comprises at least one section arranged tortuous. A building material (110) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a low-emitting surface (103) is provided with a slit radiator array (202) comprising at least two slit radiators (207) to form a radio-transmitting aperture (201), wherein said slit radiators (207) 30 arranged to form concentrated radiation sources (303) emitting at least said first polarization electric field vector, and wherein said radio-transmitting aperture (201) defines in the building material (110) an area delimited by a closed curve (230), said radio-transmitting aperture (201) inside the closed curve (230) 20185031 prh 10 -09-2018 and having a surface area delimited by a closed curve (230) substantially smaller than the area delimited by a closed edge curve (227) delimiting a low ejection surface (103). 5 A building material (110) according to claim 6, characterized in that said radio-transmitting aperture (201) is less than one wavelength in width and at least one wavelength in said aperture transducer (202) of a gap radiator array (202) comprising an aperture (201). Building material (110) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least two gap radiator groups (202) comprising at least two of said gap radiators (207) are provided on the low-emitting surface (103), wherein the concentrated radiation sources (303) arranged in a vertical array, wherein the vertical distance of at least two adjacent, said focused radiation sources (303) is arranged at a maximum wavelength at the lowest resonant frequency of said slot radiators (207), and wherein said vertical array may be straight or curved. Building material (110) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said opening (203) is arranged to form at least one positive (208) and negative (209) charge distribution in the polarization of the surface current formed on the low-emitting surface (103). by the electromagnetic signal encountered by the building material (110), and by an internal electric field vector oscillating in the second polarization between the two edges of the opening (203), which together with said surface current formed on the low-emitting surface (103) for forming a polarization slot radiator (207) in which the first and second polarizations are mutually intersecting. 20185031 prh 10 -09- 2018 Building material (110) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the low ejection surface (103) is arranged on the surface of the dielectric material. Building material (110) according to claim 10, characterized in that said dielectric material is glass and that the low-emissivity surface (103) is either a selective surface, an antifreeze surface, a semiconductor surface, a self-cleaning surface, or a sunscreen surface. Building material (110) according to claim 11, characterized in that the building material is an insulating glass element (100) comprising at least two glass sheets (102), an intermediate space (105) therebetween, and at least one of which glass sheets (102) is provided (103). An insulating glass element (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that at least two central radiation sources (303) arranged on the low-emitting surface 103 are arranged to receive at least partially a vertically polarized plane wave. A building material (110) according to claim 10, characterized in that said dielectric material is an insulating material, said insulating material has a density of less than 200 kg / m 3 and that said low emptying surface (103) is aluminum. Building material (110) according to one of Claims 2 to 14, characterized in that said resonance circuit of said gap radiator (207) is arranged to resonate at least one frequency in the range 300 MHz to 30 GHz. Building material (110) according to claim 15, characterized in that: 30, said gap radiator (207) comprising at least a first loading region (403) arranged on said low emptying surface (103), and a second loading region (404) between which said opening (203) in the low conductivity region (103) is arranged to form at least one , and which mentioned 20185031 prh 10 -0-09 2018 The gap radiator (207) between the load areas (403) and (404) is loaded with an impedance (405). A building material (110) according to claim 16, characterized in that said impedance (405) is arranged to adjust the impedance of said gap radiator (207) or the radiation characteristics of said gap radiator array (202). Building material (110) according to claim 16 or 17, characterized 10, wherein said impedance (405) is coupled to the control unit (408) by either capacitive, inductive, or galvanic connection. A building accessory (110) according to claim 18, characterized in that said control unit (408) is arranged in a wireless connection (408). 15 to a separate communication device from the building material. A building accessory (110) according to claim 18, characterized in that said control unit (408) is arranged to establish a further connection (410) to a communication device separate from the building accessory. Building material (110) according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that said opening (203) has a surface area of up to 1% relative to the surface area of said low extraction surface (103). Building material (110) according to one of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that at least two at least partially overlapping edges of the opening (203) defined by an electrically conductive area (231) of said low emptying surface (103) are provided. 30 to cancel the differential current elements (232) and (233) and to reduce the loss resistance encountered by the electromagnetic planar low level surface (103), said differential current elements passing at opposite edges of the uniform conductor region (231). 20185031 prh 10 -09- 2018 A method for enhancing signal flow through a building material (110) comprising at least one electrically conductive low surface area (103), the method comprising forming an opening (203) having a conductivity substantially lower than the low surface area (103). , characterized in that, in the method, the edges of said at least one opening (203) provided on the low side surface (103) are formed as at least one closed edge curve (223) such that said edges (203) define a closed curve (224) inside said opening (203). formed by The area defined by the closed curve (224) is formed substantially larger than the area and length of the inner opening (203) of the closed curve (224) substantially smaller than the length of the closed periphery (223), thereby forming at least one closed curve (224) electricity within the area of the low emptying surface (103) A conductive region (231) at which the closed envelope (224) does not coincide with the edge curve (223), wherein said electrically conductive region (231) of the low edge surface (103) defines at least two edges of the opening (203) arranged at least 234) and wherein said edges are at least partially overlapping and wherein said at least one opening 20 (203) forming at least two opening portions separated by an electrically conductive region (231) of a low-emptying surface (103) having two or more linear apertures in said opening portions, and multiplying the distance (234 ") between said portions distance (234 ') 25.