FI126510B - Method for refining ash containing heavy metals - Google Patents
Method for refining ash containing heavy metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI126510B FI126510B FI20100069A FI20100069A FI126510B FI 126510 B FI126510 B FI 126510B FI 20100069 A FI20100069 A FI 20100069A FI 20100069 A FI20100069 A FI 20100069A FI 126510 B FI126510 B FI 126510B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- ash
- heavy metals
- fraction
- fractions
- containing heavy
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007237 Aegopodium podagraria Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000045410 Aegopodium podagraria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014429 Angelica sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/04—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for furnace residues, smeltings, or foundry slags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
MENETELMÄ RASKASMETALLEJA SISÄLTÄVÄN TUHKANMETHOD FOR ASH CONTAINING HEAVY METALS
JALOSTAMISEKSIREFINING
Keksintö kohdistuu menetelmään polttolaitoksen raskasmetalleja sisältävän tuhkan jalostamiseksi erilaisiksi tuotteiksi ja raskasmetallien rikastamiseksi ainakin yhteen tällaiseen tuotteeseen.The invention relates to a process for converting ash containing heavy metals in an incineration plant to various products and to enriching the heavy metals in at least one such product.
Ennestään tunnetaan runsaasti polttolaitoksia, jotka käyttävät polttoaineena fossiilisia polttoaineita, kuten hiiltä, koksia, puuta, turvetta tai jätettä. Nämä polttoaineet sisältävät haitallisia raskasmetalleja, kuten elohopea, kadmium ja arseeni. Näistä raskasmetalleista jää suuri osa polttolaitoksella syntyvään tuhkaan. Julkaisussa DE 10 2007 014 906.0 on esitetty menetelmä valmistaa lannoitteen esiastemateriaali jätteen poltossa syntyvästä tuhkasta. Matalassa lämpötilassa kiehuvat metallit, kuten elohopea, kadmium ja sinkki höyrystyvät kaasufaasiin ja ne erotetaan savukaasujen puhdistuksessa. Syntyvä tuhka käytetään lannoitteen esiasteena. Menetelmässä raskasmetalleja ei saada erotetuksi pois tuhkasta sen enempää kuin tavanomaisten fossiilisia polttoainetta käyttävien kattiloiden tuhkastakaan.Combustion plants which use fossil fuels such as coal, coke, wood, peat or waste are known in the prior art. These fuels contain harmful heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and arsenic. A large part of these heavy metals remains in the ash generated by the incineration plant. DE 10 2007 014 906.0 discloses a process for making a fertilizer precursor material from ash generated by waste incineration. Low-boiling metals such as mercury, cadmium and zinc are vaporized into the gas phase and separated in flue gas cleaning. The resulting ash is used as a precursor to the fertilizer. The method does not recover heavy metals from the ashes, nor the ashes of conventional fossil fuel boilers.
Edellä kuvatun julkaisun DE 10 2007 014 906.0 mukaisesti ja yleisestikin polttolaitoksissa, joissa käytetään polttoaineena fossiilisia polttoaineita tai jätteitä, jotka sisältävät ras-kasmetalleita, tunnetaan raskasmetallien osittainen kulkeutuminen poltossa savukaasujen mukana pois kattilasta ja niiden mahdollinen talteenotto kattilan yhteydessä olevan suo-datinlaitteen avulla. Näissä polttolaitoksissa ei voida taata kattilan eri osissa joka hetki riittävän korkeata lämpötilaa, joka varmistaisi raskasmetallien höyrystymisen ja täten siirtymisen varmemmin savukaasuihin. Tämän vuoksi näissä polttolaitoksissa syntyvä arinatuhkakin sisältää vielä liian runsaasti haitallisia raskasmetalleja, kuten elohopeaa, kadmiumia ja arseenia, jolloin tällaista tuhkaa ei voida käyttää lannoitteiden ainesosana. Lannoitteiden ainesosana voidaan sallia joitain raskasmetallejakin ja ehkä tuhkan jossain muussa käytössä haital 1 isiksikin todettuja aineita kuten, sinkki ja seleeni, joiden poistaminen tuhkasta on tässä lannoitekäytössä tarpeetonta.According to DE 10 2007 014 906.0, described above, and generally in combustion plants using fossil fuels or wastes containing heavy metals, the partial transfer of heavy metals in the combustion with the flue gases from the boiler and their possible recovery by means of a filtration device in connection with the boiler is known. In these combustion plants, it is not possible to guarantee a sufficiently high temperature for the various parts of the boiler at any given moment to ensure the evaporation of heavy metals and thus a more secure transfer to the flue gases. As a result, the grate ash produced in these incinerators still contains too much harmful heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium and arsenic, and such ash cannot be used as a fertilizer ingredient. Some of the heavy metals and possibly other uses of ash, such as zinc and selenium, may be allowed as a fertilizer ingredient, which are unnecessary for the use of the fertilizer.
Kun kattilalaitosten lentotuhka ja arinatuhka nykyisin pääasiassa läjitetään kentille puuttuvan hyödyntämisen vuoksi, on tuhkan jalostaminen nyt noussut esille. Keksinnön mu- kaisella menetelmällä ratkaistaan yllättävästi raskasmetallien tehokas poistaminen tuhkasta ja saavutetaan riittävän alhaiset pitoisuudet Jolloin tuhka on käytettävissä eri tarkoituksiin. Keksinnön mukaiselle menetelmälle on tunnusomaista, että menetelmässä tuhka tai tarvittaessa jauhettu tuhka luokitellaan pneumaattista luokitusta käyttäen kahteen tai useampaan fraktioon yhtä tai useampaa toistoluokitusta käyttäen, jolloin rakasmetallien rikastumisella hienoimpaan fraktioon säädetään toistoluokitustarvetta.While fly ash and grate ash from boiler plants is now mainly dumped for lack of recovery in the fields, refining of ash has now come to the fore. The process of the invention surprisingly solves the efficient removal of heavy metals from ash and achieves sufficiently low concentrations whereupon the ash is available for various purposes. The process according to the invention is characterized in that the ash or, if necessary, the ground ash is classified by pneumatic classification into two or more fractions using one or more repetition grades, whereby the enrichment of the precious metals to the finest fraction controls the need for repetition classification.
Keksinnön etuna on, että puun, jätteiden ja muiden fossiilisten polttoaineiden poltossa syntyvälle tuhkalle saadaan laajamittainen hyväksyttävä käyttö, jossa tuhkan sisältämät hyödylliset mineraalitkin, kuten erilaiset silikaattiyhdisteet ja erilaiset oksidit päätyvät hyödyksi. Haitallisten raskametallien rikastuminen hienoimpaan fraktioon antaa edullisen tavan suorittaa raskasmetallipitoisuuden vähentäminen muusta jäljelläolevasta tuhkamas-sasta.An advantage of the invention is that the ash generated in the combustion of wood, waste and other fossil fuels is widely accepted, whereby useful minerals such as various silicate compounds and various oxides are utilized. The enrichment of the noxious heavy metals in the finest fraction provides a preferred way of carrying out the reduction of the heavy metal content from the remaining ash mass.
Seuraavassa keksintöä selitetään lähemmin viittaamalla oheiseen kaavioon Fig. 1, jossa kuvataan menetelmän erästä suoritusmuotoa.In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying Scheme 1, which illustrates an embodiment of the method.
Hyödynnettävä polttolaitoksen raskasmetalleja sisältävä tuhka 1 tarvittaessa jauhetaan menetelmässä ennen sen johtamista pneumaattiseen luokitukseen 2. Pneumaattisella luokituksella 2 tuhka 1 jakautuu tässä esimerkissä kolmeen eri karkeusasteeseen 3-5, joista hienoin fraktio on 3. Raskasmetallit kiinnittyvät polttolaitoksen kattilassa ja sähkösuodat-timessa esiintyviin pienimpiin hiukkasiin, joilla on suuri ominaispinta-ala. Tämän johdosta hienoimpaan fraktioon 3 kertyy luokituksessa 2 suurin osa raskasmetalleista ja vastaavasti muut fraktiot 4 ja 5 köyhtyvät raskasmetalleista. Pneumaattinen luokitus 2 ei riko hiukkasia. Karkeimmille fraktioille 4 ja 5 voidaan luokitus toistaa.If necessary, the recovered ash 1 containing heavy metals from the incinerator is ground in the process prior to its pneumatic classification 2. In this example, the ash 1 with a pneumatic rating of 2 is divided into three different grades of 3-5, the finest fraction being 3. Heavy metals has a large specific surface area. As a result, most of the heavy metals accumulate in the finest fraction 3 in the classification 2 and the other fractions 4 and 5, respectively, are depleted of the heavy metals. Pneumatic rating 2 does not break particles. For coarser fractions 4 and 5, the classification can be repeated.
Jos karkein fraktio 5 pitää olla hienompaa esim. betoniteollisuuden käytettäväksi, se voidaan jauhaa esim. vastasuihkujauhimella 6 ja jauhintulos käyttää sellaisenaan tai palauttaa fraktioon 5. Sitä ei kannata johtaa luokitukseen, sillä sen raskasmetallipitoisuus on niin alhainen, että sen hienoin osuus fraktioon 3 johdettuna laimentaa fraktion raskasmetallipitoisuutta. Hienoin osuus voidaan tästä tarvittaessa poistaa esim. vastavesipesutekniikalla ja tämä pesuvesi käyttää haitallisen hienoimman fraktion 3 kostuttamiseen.If the coarse fraction 5 needs to be finer, e.g. for use in the concrete industry, it can be milled with a counter jet mill, for example, and the milling result used as such or returned to fraction 5. It should not be classified. heavy metal content. If necessary, the finest part can be removed by, for example, fresh water washing technology and this washing water is used to moisten the delicate finest fraction 3.
Hienoin fraktio 3 jää haitalliseksi fraktioksi ja se pitää kuljettaa pois ja esim. läjittää. Tämä massaosuus tuhkasta 1 on tämän menetelmän mukaisessa ratkaisussa ainoa massa, joka pitää läjittää. Keksinnön mukaista menetelmää käyttäen läjitettävä massa vähenee arviolta 5-10 osaan nykyisestä määrästä.The finest fraction 3 remains a harmful fraction and must be transported away and eg dumped. This mass fraction of ash 1 is the only mass to be dumped in the solution according to this method. The mass to be dumped using the method of the invention is reduced to about 5 to 10 parts of the current amount.
Karkeammat fraktiot 4 ja 5 ovat alhaisen raskasmetallipitoisuuden vuoksi käyttökelpoisia lannoiteteollisuuteen, täyteaineeksi tienrakennuksen tai lisäaineeksi betoniteollisuuteen.The coarser fractions 4 and 5 are useful for the fertilizer industry, as a filler for road construction or as an additive for the concrete industry due to the low heavy metal content.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20100069A FI126510B (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2010-02-19 | Method for refining ash containing heavy metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20100069A FI126510B (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2010-02-19 | Method for refining ash containing heavy metals |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI20100069A0 FI20100069A0 (en) | 2010-02-19 |
| FI20100069A FI20100069A (en) | 2011-08-22 |
| FI126510B true FI126510B (en) | 2017-01-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20100069A FI126510B (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2010-02-19 | Method for refining ash containing heavy metals |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014044905A2 (en) | 2012-09-18 | 2014-03-27 | Cursor Oy | A method of processing side flows and waste flows of pulp and paper industry and a fertilizer |
-
2010
- 2010-02-19 FI FI20100069A patent/FI126510B/en active IP Right Review Request
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014044905A2 (en) | 2012-09-18 | 2014-03-27 | Cursor Oy | A method of processing side flows and waste flows of pulp and paper industry and a fertilizer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI20100069A (en) | 2011-08-22 |
| FI20100069A0 (en) | 2010-02-19 |
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