FI124848B - Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Multiaxis Machining Arrangement, Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Motion Axis Module and Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Desktop - Google Patents

Description

Numerically controlled machine tool multiaxis machining arrangement, numerically controlled machine tool motion axis module and numerically controlled machine tool desk

The invention relates to a machining arrangement utilized in a numerically controlled CNC machine tool, a fast mounting arrangement for a numerically controlled machine tool movement axis module, whereby the number of CNC machine tool machine axes is changed, , a five or six axis CNC machine tool. The invention also relates to a numerically controlled machine tool desk.

State of the art

Fig. 5 shows a conventional numerically controlled control solution for a numerically controlled machine tool assembly 50. The machine tool operator programs and / or controls the machine tool mainly through control unit 51. The control unit 51 comprises a control panel and a display device for providing machining instructions to the machine tool 56. The operation of the machine tool 56 is controlled by a function control unit 52 which comprises two functional parts: a motion control unit and a machine control unit, also called a fitting part.

The motion control unit generates the necessary motion control signals 561a during the machining 56 process. With motion control signals, the motion control unit controls servomotors 561 of machine tool 56 via a servo amplifier 55. The motion control unit also interprets the feedback signals 561b from servomotors 561 of machine tool 56.

However, the motion control unit shown in Fig. 5 cannot issue commands to the various auxiliaries belonging to the machine tool 56, but the machine control unit belonging to the function control unit 52 is used to give these instructions. The machine control unit and the motion control unit interact continuously while the machine tool is operating.

The machine control unit serves as an interface between the inputs and outputs of the control unit 51 and the machine tool 56, ref. 53. For example, all keys, switches, and warning lights required to operate the machine tool 56 are controlled through the machine control unit.

The machine tool 56 may also include a machine tool control panel 54, whereby various function controllers and indicators are provided to control and / or control some of the machine tool 56 functions.

In the machine tool control system of Figure 5, all servo motors 561 that control the machining devices are mounted on a desk mounted to the body of the machine tool 56. Servo motors 561 can control both the working tool and the workpiece holding and / or moving desk.

The machining machine 56 can utilize several machining axes. Depending on the number of machining shafts and the machine tool 56, it is possible to produce the pieces it has. The ability of the machine tool control, in turn, depends on how many machining axes and / or spindles it can control. The machine must have a sufficient number of controllable machining axes to enable versatile operation of the machine tool.

Machine tool axes are generally named in accordance with the ISO standard to know which direction of movement is involved. The machining shafts can be named as follows.

The basic linear axes are the X, Y and Z axes perpendicular to each other. The Z axis is generally parallel to the mandrel used for machining the workpiece. The rotational movements around the linear axes X, Y, and Z are described by the other axes as follows. The axis A rotates about the X axis. The second linear axis rotates around the axis B. The axis C rotates about the Z axis parallel to the working spindle.

The movements of said shafts and spindles can be controlled, for example, by servomotors. In prior art solutions, servomotors are mounted on a machined chassis or desk. The control signals of the servomotors are generated in the motion control unit. The servo amplifier 55 amplifies the control signals so as to obtain the desired movement at the workpiece. Generally, servo amplifiers are located in the electrical installation mode of a machine tool. Servomotors and servo amplifiers are interconnected by fixed wiring. Thus, changing the number of machining shafts on a machine tool also requires cabling work before work can begin. Changing the cabling takes time. As a result, machine tools are very generally equipped with more machining shafts than are required for machining single parts.

To speed up the starting and finishing of workpieces on different machine tools, some machine tool systems utilize two or more parallel desktops, one at a time being moved to the machine tooling position.

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0110505 describes a machine tool whose workstation can be replaced with workbenches to which workpieces are attached. However, the described desktops are an integral part of a machine tool and do not have motors or other actuators for moving the workbenches. When machining a workpiece on one desktop, the finished workpiece on another desk can be replaced with a new, unprocessed workpiece. Each time the last machining part is completed, the desks change positions controlled by the machine tool.

Also known are machine tooling solutions in which two or more machining axes that can be utilized in a machine tool are arranged to function as part of a desktop.

For example, US 2006/0242818 discloses a 5-axis CNC machine and a desk therein. The illustrated desk includes a two axis C and Z ratio for rotating / moving a piece on the tool table. However, the desktop described in the publication is an integral part of the described CNC machine, and modifications to the desktop require a modification of the machine's technical structure.

WO 2005/018875 discloses a machine tool in which the required movements of the three machine axes X, Y and C are achieved on a machine tool machine table. However, the machine tool table described in the publication is permanently attached to the machine tool frame.

Thus, there is a need for a machine tool solution in which a normal operator of a machine can quickly and simply change the machining properties of a machine tool, more precisely the number of machining shafts.

Summary of the Invention

The object of the invention is to provide a new machine tool arrangement which can be rapidly changed as needed for the number of machining axes required for machining a power tool.

The objects of the invention are achieved by a machine tool motion axis module which can be quickly mounted on a machine tool by means of mechanical controls on the machine base table. The quick-mount motion shaft module preferably comprises servomotors and thread servo amplifiers needed to move the workpiece, and encoders that detect motion. The signal cabling to and from the servo amplifiers to the encoders is arranged to be connected by fixed connectors in the motion shaft module from the counter plugs on the base plate. Also, the power supply and / or pneumatic connections required by the actuators of the motion shaft module are handled using similar connector-plug combinations. Thus, when replacing the motion axis module according to the invention, there is no need to change the cabling in the motion axis module or the desktop, but when installing the new motion axis module, all the required cable connections are simultaneously connected from the motion axis module to the machine tool control unit.

An advantage of the invention is that the number of machining axes of a machine tool can be varied simply by changing the machine axis module of the machine tool. The machine tool can be purchased in a version that has the functional properties required at the time of purchase and ready for easy exchange of the motion shaft modules without any technical modifications. The functional properties of the machine tool can later be upgraded by acquiring a motion axis module according to the invention which supports new functionalities.

A further advantage of the invention is that no further additional steps or additional installations are required to put the machine tool into operation once the motion shaft module is installed.

A further advantage of the invention is that, when the motion shaft module is installed on the desktop, all electrical and compressed air connections between the motion shaft module and the machined control system are engaged when the motion shaft module is mechanically locked to the desktop.

For a numerically controlled machine tool multiaxial machining arrangement comprising a desktop base plate arranged in the Y axis of a moving machining station, a motion axis module mounted on a desktop base plate comprising at least one of the means arranged to rotate the rotary axis rotary tool module. and turn machined kappalet¬ta attached liikeakselimoduuliin processing stations C-axis direction, and means for the workpiece kiin¬nittämiseksi liikeakselimoduuliin, is characterized in that the axis module onkiinnitetty quick-fixing means for the desktop to the base plate, that the quick-fixing means comprise on the base plate and the cleats and liikeakselimoduulissa the mounting holes for implementing the mechanical connection and with the base plate and the electrical connectors and the axis module sockets, which electrical connectors and electrical plugs are arranged to connect the motion shaft module to the electronic control system of the machine tool machine when the motion shaft module is mechanically secured to the base plate of the desktop.

A multiaxially numerically controlled machine tool motion axis module according to the invention, comprising at least one of the means arranged to rotate a workpiece mounted on the motion axis module in the A-axis of the machining station, and rotate motion axis module, characterized in that the motion axis module also comprises quick-acting fastening means for simultaneously and mechanically and electrically fastening the motion-axis module to the base plate of a multi-axis machine tool table, movement axis of the electrical plug on the underside of the mounting plate.

The numerically controlled machine tool desk, comprising a base plate movable in the Y axis of the machine tool, each comprising a support plate for mechanically securing the motion axis module to the base plate, is characterized in that the base plate comprises at least two mounting pins for to connect the actuators of the motion shaft module to the electrical control system of the machine tool when mechanically connecting the motion shaft module to the base plate.

Some preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

The basic idea of the invention is as follows: The motion axis module according to the invention, which is connected to the base plate of a numerically controlled machine tool, can optionally comprise either zero, one, two or three machining axes. In all the above cases, the mechanical dimensions of the motion shaft module according to the invention which are important for the fastening are the same and are based on the internal standards of the CNC machine tool family. Also, the mechanical control / connection means used to attach the motion shaft module to the desktop are the same in all cases. Further, the connectors and plugs used for electrically interconnecting the motion shaft module and the machine tool are the same in all the cases mentioned above. Further, the couplings and plugs used to pneumatically connect the motion shaft module to the implement are similar in all the above cases. Also, the position of all the plugs mentioned above in the motion shaft module and the position of the connectors on the base plate of the machine tool table are unchanged in all the above cases. The electrical plugs in the motion shaft module as well as the pneumatic connections are connected to the counterparts on the base plate of the machine tool, when the motion shaft module is inserted into the base plate of the machine using mechanical connecting means.

The number of machining shafts determines the structural characteristics of the motion shaft module, such as the number of servo motors and their location. The servo amplifier required by each servo motor mounted on the motion shaft module can also advantageously be mounted on the motion shaft module.

By the structural arrangements described above, the number of machine tool axis can be quickly changed by removing the previous motion axis module from the desktop quick clamps and attaching a new motion axis module with different machining characteristics to the machine tool desktop.

The invention will now be described in detail. In the description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an exemplary exploded view of functional main parts of a motion axis module according to the invention; Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 illustrates, by way of example, a prior art machine-tool arrangement.

The embodiments in the following description are exemplary only, and a person skilled in the art may also implement the basic idea of the invention in a manner other than that described in the description. Although the specification may refer to one embodiment or embodiments at multiple locations, this does not mean that the reference is directed to only one embodiment described, or that the feature described is useful in only one embodiment described. The individual features of two or more embodiments may be combined to provide new embodiments of the invention.

Figure 5 is explained in conjunction with the prior art description.

Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a motion axis module 100 of the invention that can be mounted to a desk of a numerically controlled machine tool according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows the functional main parts of the motion shaft module 100 according to the invention. The motion shaft module 100 comprises a mounting plate 18 to which other components of the motion shaft module 100 are preferably mounted. The mounting plate 18 also comprises means for attaching the motion shaft module 100 according to the invention to the machine tool table according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows the left axle bracket used to support the A-axis of the turntable 12 of the motion shaft module 100 with reference 7. The shaft bracket 7 is attached in the figure 1 to the left side of the mounting plate 18. The shaft bracket 7 has a shaft bore 7a in which a left shaft pin (not shown in Fig. 1) on the turntable 12 is arranged to be mounted. In the cavity (not shown in Fig. 1) made in the shaft bracket 7, sensors 16 are provided for indicating the position of the turntable 12 with respect to the A axis. The left axle bracket 7 is preferably closed by a cover 15.

References 5 and 6 show the axle components of the right axle bracket used to support the A axis of the turntable 12 included in the motion shaft module 100. The opposing surfaces of the axle box components 5 and 6 forming the right axle bracket have been machined to form a cavity 19 therebetween when the axle bracket components 5 and 6 are joined together.

The shaft bearing component 5 has a shaft bore 5a in which the right shaft pin 12a on the turntable 12 is arranged to be mounted.

Said cavity 19 formed between the axle bearing components is provided with a harmonic gear 2b (first harmonic gear), the first end of which is arranged to be fixed to the pivot pin 12a of the turntable. Also, the A-axis servo motor 3b (first servomotor) and the encoder 9b detecting the motion position of the servo motor 3b connected thereto are in a cavity 19 formed between the shaft bearing components 5 and 6. The cavity 19 also preferably has space for the A-axis servo motor 3b servo amplifier 8b.

The rotational movement of the shaft of the servomotor 3b is transmitted by a toothed belt 10 (the first toothed belt) to the other end of the harmonic gear 2b. A cavity 6a is machined on the surface away from the turntable of the shaft bearing component 6 for the timing belt 10.

The right axle bracket is preferably closed by a cover 14 connected to the axle bracket component 6.

The pivot table 12 of the motion shaft module 100 is preferably rectangular. In Fig. 1, the left and right ends of the pivot table 12 have pivot pins for pivoting the pivot table 12 to the left and right axle brackets. The turntable 12 can be pivoted on the axle pins in the direction of the A-axis of the implement. Figure 1 shows only the right shaft pin 12a of the turntable 12. A circular recess 12b is machined on the upper surface of the turntable 12. In the center of the circular recess 12b is a shaft bore 12d in which the axis 1a of the rotary plane 1 required for rotating the C axis is arranged to be mounted. The seal 4b and the bearing 4c are also preferably mounted in the recess 12b. The seal 4b, the bearing 4c, and the rotary plane 1 and its associated shaft 1a are arranged to be mounted in a circular recess 12b so that the axis 1a of the rotary plane 1 extends through the shaft bore 12d to the first end of the second harmonic gear 2a. Preferably, a cavity 12c is also machined through the top surface of the turntable 12, in which the servo motor 3a (the second servomotor) used to rotate the C axis is arranged to be mounted.

The above-mentioned component components are locked above the turntable 12 in the steel plane 4 of the turntable. The steel plane 4 has a central opening 4a for the turntable 1. The steel platform 4 can advantageously be fixed to the turntable 12, for example, by screws. The underside of the turntable 12 is machined such that the lower-born cavity of the turntable 12 (not shown in Fig. 1) holds the C-axis-directional workpiece-moving component components with the protective housing. These subcomponents include, inter alia, a second sero-motor 3a rotating the C-steps, which is also partially mounted in the hole 12c through the turntable 12. They also include the motion encoder 9a of the second servo motor 3a and the servo amplifier 8a (second servo amplifier) of the second servo motor 3a. The rotational movement of the shaft of the second servomotor 3a is arranged to be transmitted by the toothed belt 11 (the second toothed belt) to the other end of the second harmonic gear 2a of the C-axis. The second harmonic gear 2a is arranged at its first end to be coupled to the axis 1a of the rotary plane 1.

All of the aforementioned C-axis operation component components are enclosed in a cavity on the underside of the turntable 12 by a C-axis housing cover 17.

For the sake of clarity of Figure 1, Fig. 1 does not show the cabling arrangements of the motion shaft module 100. The motion shaft module according to the invention also comprises plugs / quick connectors attached to the underside of the mounting plate for use in wiring and pneumatics (Ref. 23 in Figure 2). The plugs are advantageously connected via the axle brackets 5, 6 and 7 of the motion shaft module 100 to the electrical components of the motion shaft module 100 according to the invention.

Fig. 2 illustrates an assembly of a motion axis module 100 according to the invention and a desktop base plate 20 according to the invention, in which the motion axis module 100 according to the invention can be mounted. Fig. 2 does not show fastening means for securing the actual workpiece to either the rotary plane 1 of the turntable 12 or to any other fastening means mounted on the mounting plate 18. It will be obvious to one skilled in the art that the attachment of the workpiece can be accomplished by a variety of means and methods.

The pivot table 12, which is pivotally supported by the axle brackets 5, 6 and 7 of the motion shaft module 100, is pivotable / tiltable relative to the A axis. The driving force for tilting the turntable 12 is obtained from the first servomotor 3b. The rotary plane 1 on the upper surface of the turntable 12 is pivotable with respect to the C axis. The driving force required for turning is obtained from another servo motor3a.

By means of the above-described means, two machining axes can be implemented in the motion shaft module 100 according to the invention.

Preferably, the machine tool base plate 20 of the invention comprises a support plate 21, side guides 25a and 25b, mounting pins 22a and 22b, and quick couplers 23. The exemplary quick couplers 23 of Figure 2 may advantageously comprise one or more low current terminals, high current terminals, and pneumatic terminals. The same base plate 20 according to the invention can be utilized with all the motion shaft modules according to the invention.

Preferably, the mounting location of the motion shaft module 100 to be connected to the base plate 20 is determined by two or more mounting pins 22a and 22b on the base plate 20 of the workbench.

Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of a part of the frame of the machine tool 30, a side guide 25a of a motion shaft module 100 of the invention, a part of a base plate 20 and a fixed support structure 31, 32, 33 and 34 of the working table.

Figure 3 shows the components on the underside of the mounting plate 18 of the motion shaft module 100. References 26a and 26b illustrate recesses in which mounting pins 22 and 22b are arranged to be mounted. Reference 24 discloses four exemplary plugs / quick connectors on the underside of the mounting plate 18 belonging to the motion shaft module 100 arranged to engage the connectors 23 on the machining table 20 when the motion shaft module 100 is mounted using mounting pins 22a and 26b and securing pins 22. Preferably, plugs 24 comprise one or more low-current plugs, high-current plugs, or plugs / quick connectors for pneumatic coupling. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the number and arrangement of plugs / quick connectors 24 and connectors 23 on the base plate 20 may also be other than the solution shown in the example of Figure 3.

The base plate 20 according to the invention is preferably mounted on a machine tool frame so that the base plate 20 can be moved in a controlled manner in the Y-axis direction as shown in Figure 4. When the drive shaft module 100 according to the invention shown in Figure 2 is connected to the desktop base plate 20 according to the invention mounted on the fixed support structures 31-34 of the machine 30 according to Figure 3, a three-axis machining station is provided. 2 and 4 respectively.

If it is desired to change the number of machining axes in the machine tool from the situation in Figures 2, 3 or 4, then a second motion axis module having a different number of machining axes is connected to the desktop base plate 20 two or three.

In the example of Figure 4, the motion shaft module 100 of the invention is mechanically and electrically secured to the base plate 20 of a machine tool table. The desk of the invention can be moved in the Y-axis direction. The base plate 20 according to the invention is attached to a means for receiving linear motion in the direction of the Y axis (not shown in Figure 4). The linear motion in the Y axis can advantageously be achieved, for example, by a spindle, a toothed belt or some other known linear motion generating device.

In order to recover the working fluid and the working residues, the working station preferably comprises two accordion protective covers 35 and 36. When the base plate 20 according to the invention is moved in the Y-axis, one of the protective covers 35 or 36 is stretched by a fraction. The mechanical design of the protective covers 35 and 36 is such that wherever the base plate 20 of the desktop is located anywhere along the Y axis, the protective covers 35 and 36 protect the internal parts of the machine tool. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the structure of the protective covers 35 and 36 may be other than that shown in Figures 3 and 4.

All of the above numerically controlled machine tool control of various machining axes and tool spindle movements can be implemented by controlling computer program instructions executed in a suitable general purpose or special processor, preferably a part of a numerically controlled machine tool such as computer or memory from which the machine tool processor can retrieve said computer program instructions and execute them. References to computer-readable media may also include, for example, special components such as programmable USB Flash memory drives, logic networks (FPLAs), customer-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and signal processors (DSPs).

Some preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention have been described above. The invention is not limited to the solutions just described, but the inventive idea can be applied in numerous ways within the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

A multi-axis machining arrangement of a numerically controlled machine tool (30), comprising: a desktop base plate (20) arranged to move in the Y-axis of the machining station, a motion axis module (100) mounted on a desktop base plate (20) comprising at least one of to rotate a workpiece mounted on the motion axis module in the direction of the A-axis of the workstation; 22b, 23, 24, 26a, 26b) to a desktop base plate (20) comprising fastening means - fastening pins (22a, 22b) in the base plate (20) and fastening holes (26a, 26b) in the motion shaft module (100); and - electrical connectors (23) on the base plate (20) and electrical plugs (24) in the motion shaft module (100) arranged to connect the motion shaft module electrically to the electrical control system of the machine tool when the motion shaft module (100) is mounted. to the desktop base board (20). Machining arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical connectors (24) on the base plate (20) of the motion shaft module (100) comprise both low-current and high-current plugs. Machining arrangement according to Claim 2, characterized in that the base plate (20) of the motion shaft module (100) also comprises pneumatic connectors. A motion axis module (100) of a multi-axis numerically controlled machine tool (30) comprising at least one of the means arranged to rotate a workpiece mounted on the motion axis in the direction of the workstation A axis to rotate a workpiece mounted on the motion axis module. and - means for fastening the workpiece to the motion shaft module (100), characterized in that the motion shaft module (100) also comprises quick mounting means (24, 26a, 26b) for simultaneously mechanically and electrically securing the motion shaft module (100) to the workbench (30) comprising fastening means - mechanical quick mounting means comprising at least two fastening recesses (26a, 26b) on the underside of the mounting plate (18) of the motion shaft module (100), and - electrical quick mounting means comprising one or more electrical plugs (24) on the underside of the mounting plate (18) of the motion shaft module (100). Motion axis module according to claim 4, characterized in that the electrical connectors (24) in the base plate (20) of the motion shaft module (100) comprise both low-current and high-current plugs. Movement shaft module according to claim 4, characterized in that the fastening means included in the base plate (20) of the movement shaft module (100) also comprise pneumatic connectors. Movement shaft module according to Claim 4, characterized in that the means for rotating the workpiece mounted on the movement axis module in the direction of the A axis comprise: - a right (5, 6) and a left (7) axle bearing - a pivot mounted on the axle bearing 12) - at the time of the first harmonic gear (2b) mounted on the shaft bracket (5, 6), the first servo amplifier (8b) and electrically connected thereto by the first servomotor (8b) of the first servomotor (3b) and the first toothed belt (10) For transmitting the resulting rotational motion to a first harmonic gear (2b) arranged to pivot the turntable (12) in the direction of the A axis. Movement shaft module according to Claim 4, characterized in that the means for rotating the workpiece mounted on the motion shaft module in the direction of the C-axis of the machining machine comprises a cavity on the underside of the turntable (12) mounted - second harmonic gear (2b) - second servo amplifier and a second servomotor (3a) and an electrically connected encoder (9a) thereto and a second toothed belt (11) for transmitting the rotational movement provided by the second servomotor (8a) to the second harmonic gear (2b) arranged to rotate the rotation (12) of the turntable (12). 1) In the C-axis direction. A desk of a numerically controlled machine tool (30) comprising a base plate (20) movable in the direction of the machine axis, comprising a support plate (21) for mechanically securing the motion shaft module (100) to the base plate (20). at least two mounting pins (22a, 22b) for actuating and mechanically securing the motion shaft module (100) to the base plate (20); and-electrical connectors (23) arranged to connect the electrical actuators of the motion shaft module (100) to the electrical control system of the machine tool (30); mechanically connected to the base plate (20). Machine tool desk according to claim 9, characterized in that the base plate (20) of the desk also comprises pneumatic quick couplings.