FI123910B - Building technology system, method of heat transfer in building and control system for building technology system - Google Patents

Abstract

The building engineering system comprises heat storage (302); refrigeration equipment (212) having carbon dioxide as refrigerant and comprising an evaporator part (208), expansion valve part (206), compressor part (210) and condenser part (104); a pipe system (108) for circulating the refrigerant in said refrigeration equipment (212); a heat exchanger (202) connected in connection with the condenser part (104) to transfer heat off the refrigeration equipment (212) to the heat storage (302); a supercooler part (200) connected to the pipe system (108) between the condenser part (104) and the expansion valve part (206); an additional heat exchanger part (300) connected to the pipe system (108) in parallel with said evaporator part (208) and expansion valve part (206) to allow heat to be transferred from the additional heat exchanger part (300) to the refrigerant of the pipe system (108) and further to the heat exchanger (202); and a heat transfer pipe system (450) arranged to connect the supercooler part (200), the additional heat exchanger part (300) and at least one other part (204) of the building engineering system to allow heat to be transferred from the supercooler part (200) to the additional heat exchanger part (300) and/or at least one other part (204) of the building engineering system by means of heat carrier in the heat transfer pipe system (450).

Description

Building technology system, method of heat transfer in building and control system for building technology system

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a building technology system comprising refrigerating equipment.

Background

In the summer, for example, the store needs strong cooling of refrigeration equipment. In this case, six out of the seven compressors in the shop can operate simultaneously. Vigorous cooling generates a large amount of thermal energy that is not needed anywhere and is usually condensed out with a condenser.

In winter, the condensing heat of refrigeration equipment is not enough to keep the store warm, but additional heat is needed. It is often produced with electric resistors, 15 district heating, an oil boiler or a separate geothermal heat pump. The extra heat is stored in a storage tank where the floor heating and air conditioning receive their heat energy. Of the seven compressors mentioned in the deal, perhaps only two are needed during winter operation, which reduces their efficiency.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,423,602 discloses a synergistic air conditioning and a method for enhancing cooling energy. US 4238931 discloses a controller for a waste heat recovery system. US 20040031278 discloses a cooling system having a subcooling system. JP 2009293839 discloses an exhaust gas heat system. JP 9021566 discloses a '25 cooling air conditioner of the heat recovery type. WO 2007043952 discloses an o ™ heat exchanger. GB 2451091 discloses a solution for recovering wasted Y heat from a cooling circuit.

There are many problems with this solution. Climate-friendly substances are used as refrigerants. Also because of refrigeration refrigeration

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30 are produced separately with their own cooling switchgear and other heating by their own machinery, the systems waste energy and may interfere with each other's operation. Nor are compressors in efficient use. In addition, moisture condenses on the surface of refrigeration equipment, especially in summer, due to the high humidity in the air and strong cooling of the refrigeration equipment. There is a need for a better building technology system for these 35.

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Short description

An object of the invention is to provide an improved building technology system. This is achieved by the building technology system of claim 1. The invention also relates to a method according to 14.

The invention relates to a control system according to claim 27.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

By the method of the invention, several advantages are achieved.

10 The use of refrigeration equipment in the building will be more efficient. In addition, the operation of refrigeration equipment can be integrated with the heating and air-conditioning of the building, so it is also possible to improve the energy economy of heating and air-conditioning.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 15 The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a block diagram of a heat pump, Figure 2 is a illustrates an embodiment in which a refrigerator subcooler is used to heat the air entering the building in the air conditioner, January 5 illustrates an embodiment in which the auxiliary heat transfer section transfers heat from the environment to the heat storage,

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Fig. 6A shows an embodiment where the air heat pump transfers heat from the environment to the heat storage, Fig. 6B shows the air condition at various points on the humidity scale of 30 ° C, and Fig. 7 shows an embodiment where the air heat pump transfers heat from the environment to the heat store

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Fig. 8A shows an embodiment in which the indoor air is dehumidified outside air, 35 Fig. 8B shows an air drying curve on a humidity-temperature scale, 3 Fig. 9 shows an embodiment for defrosting the air heat pump, Fig. 10 shows the heating and cooling energy demand at different seasons. 11 is a flowchart of the method.

Description of Embodiments

The following embodiments are exemplary. Although the description may refer to "one," one "or" some "embodiment or embodiments at different points, this does not necessarily mean that each such reference is to the same embodiment or embodiments, or that the feature applies to only one embodiment. to enable other embodiments.

Let us first consider the construction and operation of a heat pump by means of Figure 1. The heat pump 110 comprises a closed circuit including a steam 15 knob 100, a compressor 106, a condenser 104, an expansion valve 102, and a piping 108. Of these, piping 108 is the one that connects the evaporator 100, compressor 106, condenser 104, and expansion valve 102. The closed circuit of the heat pump 110 circulates refrigerant, which may be carbon dioxide, for example.

20 The heat pump works like a refrigerator. When the refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator 100, heat is bound to it. The heat-binding refrigerant can be transferred by a compressor 106, which is a mechanical supercharger, to the condenser 104. The compressor 106 also increases the pressure of the evaporated refrigerant, thereby increasing its temperature. In the condenser 104, the refrigerant under high pressure 2225 is condensed and the heat trapped therein is released into the environment w or through a heat exchanger to another part of the system. The expansion valve bracket 102 releases the condensed refrigerant back into the evaporator 100, i

Lo when the cycle starts again.

x Let us now examine the building technology system with reference to Figure 2.

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“30 Refrigeration equipment 212 is made up of carbon dioxide. The refrigeration unit 212 comprises a vaporizer portion 208, an expansion valve portion 206, a compressor portion 210, and a condenser portion 104. In addition, the refrigeration plant 212 includes a piping 108 for circulating refrigerant in said refrigeration plant 212. The vaporizer portion 208 may comprise one or more or more expansion valves 102. Compressor section 210 comprises two 4 compressors 106 in Figure 2. In general, one or more compressors 106 may be provided. One compressor is possible, for example, when both refrigeration units 214, 216 are similar to refrigerators or freezers. Two compressors 106 may be required when refrigeration units 214, 5 216 are different, such as a refrigerator and freezer. In this case, the freezer 216 may have its own compressor 106 before the refrigerant tubes of the refrigerator 214 and the freezer 216 merge and supply the refrigerant to a common compressor. Generally, the refrigerating apparatus 212 may correspond to, for example, a refrigerator, refrigerators, refrigerator, refrigerators, freezer, freezers, or any combination thereof.

The building system system further comprises a heat exchanger 202 which allows heat to be transferred from the refrigeration plant 212 to the rest of the system. In the heat exchanger 202, the heat captured by carbon dioxide is transferred, for example, by conduction, to be transported by the first heat transfer medium in the pipeline 308. The first heat transfer medium may be different from the refrigerant and the first heat transfer medium may be water or water. In conduction in the heat exchanger 202, a portion of the piping 108 is in contact with the piping 308 for transmitting the first heat transfer medium, whereby heat is transferred from the carbon dioxide to the first heat transfer medium through the piping 108, 308. However, the heat transfer medium and the refrigerant are not mixed together.

The building technology system further comprises a subcooler section 200 coupled to conduit 108 between condenser section 104 and expansion valve section 206. The subcooler section 200 may comprise one or more subcoolers. In the subcooler, refrigerant piping 108 and heat transfer piping 220 may be in contact with each other, allowing heat to be transferred from the refrigerant to the heat transfer medium through the piping-5 materials. Second heat transfer medium flowing in heat transfer conduit 220

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may be, for example, a mixture of water and alcohol or the like. The heat transfer medium of the heat transfer tube 220 conducts heat to at least one other desired object 204, which may be part of a building technology system. Then one The refrigerant going to one or more of the refrigerators 214, 216 is cooled, which o) improves the efficiency of said one or more refrigerators 214, 216 and at the same time the heat removed from the refrigerant can be utilized elsewhere in the refrigeration system, e.g.

00 35 Figure 3 shows a little more of the building technology system. In one embodiment of Figure 3, heat exchanger 202 transfers heat 5 through charge conduit 308 to heat reservoir 302, which can indirectly serve as another object 204 mentioned in connection with Figure 2. As mentioned above, heat conduit 308 may be water or the like. The refrigeration plant 212 may have, in addition to one or more refrigeration units 214, 216, an additional heat transfer section 300 connected to the piping 108 alongside the evaporator section 208 and the expansion valve section 206. There is the same pressure difference across the connected parts, and the refrigerant flow is distributed over the different parts. The auxiliary heat transfer section 300 is also connected to the heat transfer pipeline 450 in series with the subcooler section 200 and at least one other part 204 of the building system system shown in Figure 3 by source 304 but which may in general also be the other part. When connected in series, the same flow of heat transfer medium passes through all the parts, and the pressure difference over each part is smaller than the total pressure difference over the successive parts. The auxiliary heat transfer section 300, which may be the other object 204 mentioned in connection with Fig. 2, may function as a heat exchanger 202. The auxiliary heat transfer section 300 may comprise an expansion valve 320, as in the refrigeration apparatus 212. The evaporated refrigerant then receives heat from the heat transfer medium of the piping 108.

The auxiliary heat transfer section 300 may receive heat from the heat transfer fluid flowing from the subcooler section 200 through the heat transfer pipeline 306 and transfer at least a portion of the received heat to the pipeline 108 between the vaporizer section 208 and the heat exchanger 202 from which from a specific heat source 304 along heat transfer pipeline 306 and transfer the received heat to the pipeline 25 108 between the evaporator section 208 and the heat exchanger 202, from where heat is transferred to the refrigerant-mediated heat exchanger 202. The heat transfer from the heat exchanger 202

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The heat store 302 may be, for example, a hot water heater that may be thermally insulated to limit heat escapement and have a predetermined volume. 302 accumulated in heat storage heat can be used in a building for, for example, heating and hot water). The heating of the building 10, in turn, can be implemented [g, for example, as floor heating, radiator heating and / or ventilation as heating air. The predetermined heat source 304 may be, but is not limited to, exemplary soil circuitry.

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The auxiliary heat transfer section 300 may transfer heat from the subcooler section 200 to the piping 108 the more the heat storage 302 supplies the heating power to the heating of the building 10. The auxiliary heat transfer section 300 may also transfer heat from a predetermined heat source 304 to the piping 108 the more heat storage 302 supplies heating power to heating the building. That is, as the heat of the heat storage 302 is consumed, it is supplemented with the heat received by the additional heat transfer section 300 to the extent necessary. This can be done according to the desired continuous function.

In discontinuous operation, the auxiliary heat transfer section 300 may be coupled to transfer heat from a predetermined heat source 304 to the pipeline 108 if the heating power supplied from the heat storage 302 to the heating of the building is greater than a predetermined amount. In this case, the transferred heat output may remain constant or increase if the heat consumption in the building 10 increases. Otherwise, the auxiliary heat transfer section 300 may not transfer heat from a predetermined heat source 304 and / or the subcooler section 200 to the piping 108.

4, the air conditioning system 400 may comprise one or more outdoor air inlet valves 420, one or more outdoor air inlet openings 20 424, an inlet duct 428, and an inlet duct 420 and inlet 424, and a plurality of indoor air outlet valves 422, one or more indoor air inlet ports 426, and an outlet air port 426 in the exhaust duct 430 and an outlet valve 422. Further, the air conditioner 400 may comprise an intermediate valve 432 between the inlet duct 428 and the outlet duct 430. Intermediate valve 432 can recycle a desired portion of the exhaust air 430 in the exhaust duct 430 back to the intake duct 428, from which said portion returns back to the building 10. 5 The ratio of outside air to recirculated indoor air at inlet 424 can

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for example, be 50%. In this way, half of the incoming air can be fresh exterior Z 0, that of the outside air and half of the incremental, direct, air recirculation · 30 The heat storage 302 may be connected to the air conditioning system 400, and | heat from the heat storage 302 can be transferred to the air conditioner, if necessary, o) 400 for example to heat or keep building 10, [g Generally, building 10 needs to be heated on cold days, which usually occur during cold seasons. In Finland, heating is needed in addition to winter 00 35 often in spring and autumn. In addition, warm water at a temperature of about 30 ° C can be fed from the heat storage 302 to the floor heating 7,494 and the wind cabinet units 496. The floor heating output can be controlled by a valve 498.

The heat transfer pipelines 220 and 306 shown in Fig. 3 may be interconnected to form a piping 450 as in Fig. 4. In Figure 4, the heat-5 source 304 is a ground circuit 470. The heat transfer medium of the heat transfer tube 450 is the same as the heat transfer medium of the heat transfer tube 220. Thus, the refrigerant in the pipeline 108 and the first and second heat exchangers in the pipelines 308 and 450 can be used for heat transfer in the present solution.

The building system system may comprise a heater 402 for heating the air intake into the building, and the subcooler section 200 may transfer heat from the refrigerant of the piping 108 to the building heater 402 with a third heat transfer fluid flowing in the heat transfer pipeline 450. The heater 402, which may serve as another object 204 mentioned in connection with FIG. 2, may be located in the air conditioner 400. The heater 15 402 may heat the heat transfer medium into the supply air to the building 10 in duct 428 after mixing indoor and outdoor air. The heat may be transferred to the air by the heat transfer medium through conduit 450 and / or by radiation from the heated conduit 450.

The heat received by the subcooler section 200 may be transmitted to the heating unit 402, for example as follows. The heat transfer medium from ground circuit 470 may be at a temperature of about + 5 ° C and may be pumped by pump 452 to valve 454, which mixes heat transfer fluid from heater 402, for example at + 20 ° C, and heat transfer fluid from ground circuit 470. The pump 452 can then operate at partial power, for example 50% of the total power. The mixing ratio may be, for example, about 40% of the warm heat transfer medium and, for example, about 60% of the 0 cold heat transfer medium from the earth, resulting in a temperature of about 12 ° C.

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^ transfer agent. The mixing ratio can be varied so that the temperature of the heat transfer medium to the subcooler 17,200 remains constant. The mixing ratio m 30 may be varied, for example, by measuring the temperature of the mixed heat transfer medium by the temperature sensor 456 and, as the temperature drops, decreases the amount of cold heat transfer medium from the earth circuit 470 in the mixture. Alternatively or additionally, valve 454 may be opened larger to increase the heat transfer medium from heater ™ 402 during mixing. The heat transfer medium thus formed is fed to a subcooler 200. The ground circuit 470 may be another target 204.

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In general, there may be more than one subcooler 200. In the example of Figure 4, there are two 480, 482 subcoolers 200. In the subcooler 200, the temperature of the heat transfer medium rises, for example, at about + 25 ° C in the pipeline 108 as heat is transferred to the cooling medium 108.

Prior to the subcooler 200, the refrigerant temperature of the piping 108 may be about + 30 ° C or slightly below. After the subcooler 200, the temperature of the refrigerant may be, for example, about + 14 ° C. The refrigerant can be further cooled before the expansion valve section 206 in the heat transfer section 490, which transfers heat from the refrigerant entering the expansion valve section 206 to the refrigerant in the piping section 108 between the evaporator section 208 and the condenser section 202.

In one embodiment, the building technology system comprises a controller 404, which may comprise a processor 406, memory 408, and a suitable computer program. The operation of the controller 404 may be based on a sequence of program instructions of the operating computer program program stored in memory 408. The sequence of program instructions of the controller 404 may control the heat transfer operation of the subcooler section 200 and / or the auxiliary heat transfer section 300.

Controller 404 may control heat transfer section 202 to control heat transfer from refrigeration unit 212 to heat store 302, from which heat is transferred to air conditioning unit 400. For example, valve 466 may partially or fully pass refrigerant transfer section 468 of heat exchanger 202.

The first portion 480 of the subcooler 200 may transfer heat to the heat transfer medium by liquefying the refrigerant and the second portion 482 may cool the refrigerant by transferring heat to the heat transfer medium.

The controller 404 may control the subcooler section 200 to control the heat transfer from the refrigerant in the piping 108 to at least one other object 204 in the building system system.

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The heat transfer medium heated after the subcooler 200 may be pumped by pump 458 through valve 460 to heater 402, from where it will return through valve 462 to valve 454 in a batch of 30 cycles. the material advances to the circuit portion of the earth circuit 470. In Fig. 4, the heat transfer medium proceeds from valve 454 to the auxiliary heat transfer section 300, but in the case of Fig. 4, the auxiliary heat transfer section 300 is inoperative or has a minimal function. The auxiliary heat exchanger 300 may transfer heat to the refrigerant 00 35 circulating in the piping 108, but is described in greater detail, for example, in connection with Figure 5A. In the embodiment shown, heat transfer pipeline 450 is coupled between the subcooler section 200 and the auxiliary heat transfer section 300 and the heat transfer stream from the subcooler section 200 first to the heat transfer section 300 which is part of the building technology system and can further transfer the received heat to a desired location.

In one embodiment, the subcooler section 200 may transfer heat from the refrigerant to the building heating device 402 by the above-described cycle if the set indoor air temperature is greater than the outdoor temperature. This operation is possible if the heating requirement of the indoor air is lower than the heating power of the subcooler section 200. Otherwise, the sub-10 cooling section 200 may transfer heat from the refrigerant to the heat storage 302 through the heat exchanger 202. The air-conditioning heater 402 can be used when the outdoor temperature is, for example, between about -10 ° C and + 15 ° C.

Controller 404 may, for example, adjust compressor portion 210 to control the circulation of refrigerant carbon dioxide through piping 108 in evaporator portion 208 of refrigeration unit 152, expansion valve portion 206 and condenser portion 104. Thus, heat transfer to heat storage 302 may be increased or decreased. The faster the refrigerant circulates, the more heat can be removed from the refrigerant. At the same time, the subcooler section 200 can transfer more heat to the heat transfer medium circulating in the pipeline 450.

Controller 404 may adjust, for example, the amount of angry heat transfer medium per unit time through the subcooler section 200. Similarly, the controller 404 can adjust, for example, the amount of heat transfer fluid and / or refrigerant flowing through the auxiliary heat transfer section 300 per unit time. The flow rate may be expressed in volume or mass, the unit of flow rate per unit time being m3 / s or kg / s. Instead of or in addition to the controller 404, the adjustment can also be performed manually. Controller 404 can control pumps 5,452,458 and valves 454,460,462 which control the flow rates. The valves'

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The 454, 460, and 462 may be thought of as part of the subcooler section 200, since they affect the heat transfer capacity of the subcooler section 200 and the destination of the heat received by the subcooler section 200 from the piping 108.

| Controller 404 may also receive the outdoor air temperature by means of a sensor 412 o), which may be located, for example, at or near the outdoor air intake of the air conditioner 400. If the indoor temperature setpoint of the building is + 19 ° C ™ and the outdoor temperature is + 5 ° C, the air supplied to the building can be heated by a heating device 402. The temperature sensor 410 possibly located inside the building 10 can receive data indoor temperature of building 10.

Controller 404 may also receive data from temperature sensor 414 and / or valve 444 about the temperature 5 and flow rate of water leaving the heat storage 302. Thus, the controller 404 can determine the amount of heat exiting the heat storage 302, i.e. the heat consumption in the building. This consumption may be replaced in whole or in part by heat supplied from the heater 402 to the building 10. Since the volume of the heat storage 302 is known, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage 302 is also known by means of temperature, volume and the specific heat capacity of the heat transfer medium.

Figure 5 illustrates a situation where the heating power produced by the refrigeration system 212 is not sufficient to heat the building 10. In this case, an additional heat transfer section 300 which can be selected as desired but can produce, for example, 20 kW, is activated or initiated to increase the received heat from the heat transfer pipeline 450. At the same time, valve 460 is closed to prevent heat transfer medium from entering the heating device 402. The valve 462 prevents the return device 402 from circulating. In addition, valve 462 allows the heat transfer medium to pass from the subcooler section 200 to the auxiliary heat transfer section 300 in the heat transfer pipeline 450 without recirculation by the heating device 402. Since the auxiliary heat transfer section 300, which can serve as another object 204 mentioned in connection with Fig. 2, is thus in use, the power of the pump 452 can be increased to a maximum, i.e. 100%, to effectively transfer the auxiliary heat. The operation of valves 460, 462 and possibly also pump 452 may be changed if the heat transfer temperature T2 25 measured by heat sensor 510 is higher than the heat transfer temperature T3 returning from heater 402 as measured by temperature sensor 412. Controller 404 may receive heat sensor 510. signals and control the operation of both valves 460, 462 and pump 452 based on the data contained in the signals.

When the direct heat supply of the subcooler 200 to the heating device 402 thus interrupted, the heating of the building 10 can be provided by supplying heat I from the heat storage 302 to the heating device 402 along the heat transfer pipeline o) 512. The valve 514, which is closed in the case of Fig. 4, is then opened, and the heat transfer medium carried in the heat transfer pipeline 512, which can be e.g. + 35 ° C, is allowed to flow into the ventilation heat exchanger 00 35 516. The heat exchanger 516 transmits heat , 462 to a closed conduit 518 where the heat transfer medium is circulated by a pump 520. In the conduit 518, the temperature of the heat transfer medium fed to the heater 402 may, for example, rise to about + 30 ° C due to heat transfer. After the heat transfer after the heating device 402, the temperature of the heat transfer medium may be, for example, about + 21 ° C.

5 In this example, the temperature of the heat transfer medium to the subcooler section 200 may be that of the earth 470 or other source 304. The temperature of the heat transfer medium from the earth 470 may be, for example, + 5 ° C. After the subcooler section 200, the temperature of the heat transfer medium may be, for example, + 10 ° C. Valve 454 may mix heat-exchange medium directly from earth circuit 470 or the like in supercooler tin 200 to produce, for example, a mixing temperature of + 7 ° C. This mixture is then fed to the auxiliary heat transfer section 300 where the heat transfer medium releases heat to the refrigerant circulating in the pipeline 108. The heat transfer medium is returned to ground circuit 470 or the like 15, for example at a temperature of + 3 ° C.

If the heat received by the auxiliary heat transfer section 300 from the ground circuit 470, which may also be the other target 204 mentioned in connection with FIG. 2, is not sufficient, an embodiment of FIG. 6A may be used. The solution of Figure 6A can also be used if heat 20 cannot be taken from the ground circuit 470 or if the ground circuit is not part of the building technology solution. In this embodiment, the building technology system comprises an evaporator 600 for receiving heat from the moving air in the air conditioner 400. The evaporator 600 may be coupled to the conduit 108 such that refrigerant from the conduit 108 may flow up to the evaporator 600. The evaporator 600, which may be located in the exhaust duct 430 of the air conditioner 25, can transfer the heat it receives from the air to be removed from the building to the heat storage 302 through the heat exchanger 202 5. The power of the evaporator 600 can be dimensioned as desired. Evaporator 600

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The power may be, for example, 20 kW.

T The evaporator 600 can transfer the heat it receives from the air to be removed from the building and / or the outdoor air to the heat storage 302, | the more the heat storage 302 supplies the heating power to the heating of the building 10o. This can be done according to the desired continuous function.

In discontinuous operation, the evaporator 600 may transfer the heat it receives from the air removed from the building £ to the heat storage 302 if the heating power supplied from the 00 35 heat storage 302 to the heating of the building is greater than a predetermined amount. Otherwise, the evaporator 600 may be off for 12 operations and the refrigerant circuit to the evaporator 600 may be blocked. The refrigerant circulation to the evaporator 600 can be controlled by an expansion valve 503 which can control the amount of refrigerant circulation flow. The expansion valve 503 may also act as a switch that is either open or closed. The valve 503, in turn, may be controlled by controller 404. In this case, controller 404 may receive data from the temperature sensor 414 and / or the flow sensor 444 about the temperature and flow rate of water leaving the heat storage 302. As the flow of water from the heat storage 302 increases, the amount of heat received from the evaporator 600 may be increased. There may also be a limit to the operation of the evaporator 600 from which its operation is initiated. If the flow rate of water leaving the heat storage 302 exceeds a predetermined limit, the evaporator 600 is actuated either at a constant power or at an increasing heat transfer rate dependent on the flow rate.

Fig. 6B shows a situation according to Fig. 6A where the outdoor air temperature is, for example, -25 ° C and the humidity 80% at A. When mixing the outside air 15 with exhaust air passing through heat recovery section 602 at position B, 22 ° C and about 90% humidity at C. After passing through the evaporator 600, the temperature is -30 ° C and the humidity 100% at D. Thus, heat has been drawn from the outside air. The inlet air, in turn, passes through the heat recovery unit 602 for heat + 8 ° C and 6% humidity at E. Further, the incoming air is mixed with a portion of the extract air at + 19 ° C and humidity 7 The mixing temperature is 12 ° C and the humidity is 6% at G. The incoming air can be further heated by the heater 402, whereupon 25 is supplied to the building 10 at + 26 ° C and 4% humidity at H.

In one embodiment shown in Figure 7, the evaporator 600 may be operable if the additional heat transfer section 300 is transmitting heat

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From a predetermined heat source 304 to the piping 108 and the 10V air conditioning in the building is internally circulated. Indoor circulation means that no air is drawn from outside m 30 inside the building 10 and no air is drawn from inside the building 10. Here's how for example, at night and on days when the building is 10 o) crowded. Controller 404 can control the air conditioning system of the building system system by turning or leaving open valve 432, shut-off valve 434, 436 and adjusting evaporator 600 to the internal circuit 400 of the device. Valve 434 00 35 closes the exhaust duct and valve 436 closes the intake duct for internal circulation. In this state, the indoor air of the building 10 is heated by a heating device 402, which receives heat from the heat storage 302. The heat storage is provided by the evaporator portion 208 of the refrigeration unit 212, the evaporator 600. In addition, heat can be generated by the circuit 470 through the auxiliary heat transfer portion 300.

In one embodiment, the air conditioner 400 of the building 10 can supply air entering the building through an evaporator 600 to cool the air entering the building and reduce humidity in the air by condensing the humidity in the air conditioner 400. This embodiment is illustrated in Figure 8A. This function may be necessary on a humid and hot summer day. In this embodiment, the evaporator 600 may comprise a dewatering system 10 800 that transfers condensed water from the evaporator 600, for example, to a floor drain in a building 10. In one embodiment, in which the refrigerating apparatus 212 comprises both a refrigerator and a freezer, the evaporator 600 is then connected to the refrigerator as a refrigerator instead of a freezer. Instead of a refrigerator, the refrigerator can also be connected to the refrigerator. Instead of a single refrigerator 15 or a refrigerator, the evaporator 600 may be connected alongside the refrigerators, refrigerators or any combination thereof. The connection may be effected by a valve 502 to which the tubes 504 and 506 are connected. The tubes 504 are connected to the suction line of the freezer 208. Tube 506 is connected to the suction line of refrigerator or refrigerator 210. Tube 507 is connected to a common liquid line of freezer and refrigerator and / or refrigerator 20. The drying of the indoor air in the building 10 greatly reduces the water condensing on the refrigeration equipment. For example, in the case of commerce, food in refrigerated equipment will not be allowed to drain condensed water. In addition, refrigeration equipment does not drain condensed water on the floor, which can cause slipping and decay and / or mold. In dry air, the refrigerator glasses also remain transparent, making it easy to search for products in the refrigerator without opening the glasses.

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5 In addition, the building technology system may comprise the exterior of the building.

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a condenser 820 on the side where the excess heat accumulated in the building system system can be transferred and condensed into the open air. With Ventm 30 brick 822, the refrigerant can be completely and partially directed to circulate the condenser | The controller 404 may control the valve 822 based on the information it receives (o) based on humidity and / or flow information. This condition may be necessary on hot days.

The building 10 can be deaerated via a second outlet valve 812 00 35.

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Fig. 8B shows a diagram of the drying of indoor air. For example, in A, the outdoor temperature is, for example, + 26 ° C and the humidity, for example, 55%. At B / C, the air has advanced to the heat recovery section 602 of the air conditioner 400, where the air temperature drops to + 18 ° C but the humidity rises to 100%.

5 At point D, the air has passed through the evaporator 600 at a temperature of + 8 ° C and a humidity of 100%. The air in the air is then condensed to the evaporator 600, where it is discharged. At step E, air has re-passed through the heat recovery section 602, whereupon the heat removed in the heat recovery section 602 is returned to it. The air temperature is + 18 ° C and the humidity is 50%. This air 10 may be supplied to the building 10 or may be slightly heated by heat transferred from the evaporator 600 to the heat storage 302, which may be transferred, for example, from the inlet air heating device 402 of FIG.

The air inside the building 10 can be dried when the outdoor air 15 is moist and warmer than the indoor air in the building. In this case, the humidity sensor 814 inside the building 10 can send data to the controller 404, which sets the building technology system to reduce indoor humidity as shown in Figs. 8A and 8B. In addition, controller 404 may receive data from indoor temperature sensor 410 and / or outdoor temperature sensor 412. If the humidity of the air inside the building 20 is greater than a predetermined threshold value, dehumidification may be initiated. For example, the threshold may be a value between 40% and 100%. Further, if the outdoor temperature is higher or the absolute value of the difference between the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature is below a predetermined threshold value, dehumidification can be initiated. The setpoint and the measured value of the setpoint 25 can be used here as the indoor temperature. The threshold for the absolute difference in temperature can be, for example, 5 ° C. The threshold may also be 2 ° C. Thus, if the indoor temperature 5 is + 20 ° C and the outside temperature is + 18 ° C, moisture can be removed.

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In one embodiment, shown in Fig. 9, to defrost the ice formed in the evaporator 600 v, the air conditioner 400 may be recirculated to supply indoor air through the evaporator 600. Air conditioner 400 can | circulates indoor air through a vaporizer 600 for a predetermined period of time.

o) This may be accomplished such that the air conditioner 400 may comprise a pressure sensor [g 900]. The air conditioner 400 may circulate indoor air through the evaporator ™ 600 if the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 900 exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure. In one embodiment, the pressure sensor 900 may supply pressure information to the controller 404, and the controller 404 may set the air conditioner 400 to circulate the indoor air through the vaporizer 600. In this case, the controller 404 may close the vent air outlet valve 422 of the air conditioner 400 and open the bypass valve 902, from which the air inside the air conditioner 400 is supplied to the air intake duct 428 inside the building 10.

Figure 10 shows the need for heating and cooling energy at different times of the year in the Finnish grocery trade. It can be seen that the refrigeration system can meet the heat demand of the property during the coldest period of the year, when the need for refrigeration power is reduced and the compressor power is released to meet the heating demand. Based on this information, the refrigeration system, heating system and air conditioning system are integrated into one commercial energy center that can be controlled by a common automation system. The Energy Center takes care of the entire heating and cooling needs of the property.

The heat produced by the compressor section 210 of the refrigeration unit 212 is sufficient for most of the year to heat the building 10 and cool the refrigeration equipment 15. Horizontal dashes show area 1000, which means that in addition to cooling energy, the compressor portion 210 receives heat for heating of the building 10 during the cold season. Thus, the load on the compressor section 210 is uniform throughout the year. Additional thermal energy 1002 for heating the building 10 is obtained, for example, from geothermal heat 470 or steam 20 from a heat exchanger 600, which receives heat from the air moving in the air conditioner 400.

Figure 11 shows a flow diagram of the method. In step 1100, the compressor section 210 circulates refrigerant carbon dioxide through piping 108 in the subcooler section 200 and in the expansion valve section 20, 25, evaporator section 208, and condenser section 104 of the refrigeration unit 212. from which heat can be transferred to

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In step 1104, heat is transferred from the refrigerant of the pipeline 108 to the heat transfer medium 450 and at least one or more of the other components by the subcooler section 200 connected to the conduit 108 between the condenser section 104 and the expansion valve section 206 ^ 30. connected to piping 108 adjacent to said evaporator section 208 and expansion valve section 206, and heat transfer pipeline 450 sequentially to the subcooler section 200 and at least one other section 204 of the building technology system.

16

Instead of or in addition to the processor and memory, the control function may be implemented in one or more integrated circuits, such as the ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Other hardware embodiments are also conceivable, such as a circuit constructed from discrete logic components. A hybrid of these various implementations is also possible.

While the invention has been described above with reference to the examples in the accompanying drawings, it is clear that the invention is not limited thereto but can be modified in many ways within the scope of the appended claims.

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Claims (29)

17 A building technology system comprising a heat storage (302); a carbon dioxide refrigerant (212) comprising a vaporizer portion (208), an expansion valve portion (206), a compressor portion (210), and a condenser portion (104); a pipeline (108) for circulating refrigerant in said refrigeration unit (212); a heat exchanger (202) coupled to a conduit (108) prior to the condenser portion (104) for transferring heat from the refrigeration unit (212) to the heat storage (302), characterized in that the building technology system further comprises a subcooler portion (200) connected to the conduit between the condenser section (104) and the expansion valve section (206); an additional heat transfer section (300) coupled to the conduit (108) adjacent said evaporator portion (208) and an expansion valve portion (206) to allow heat transfer from the additional heat transfer section (300) to the refrigerant in the conduit (108) and further; and a heat transfer conduit (450) adapted to interconnect the auxiliary cooling section (200) and at least one of the following: an additional heat transfer section (300), at least one other section (204) of the building technology system for transferring heat from the subcooler section (200) a heat exchanger (300) and / or at least one other part (204) of the building technology system by means of heat transfer medium (450). The building technology system according to claim 1, characterized in that the building technology system comprises a heating device ^ (402) for heating the air supplied to the building, and the subcooling section (200) is arranged to transfer heat to the building heating device S (402). A building technology system according to claim 2, characterized in that the subcooler section (200) is adapted to transfer heat [g] to the building heater (402) when the indoor air temperature setpoint is greater than the outdoor temperature and the indoor heating demand is less than 200) heating power. 18 A building technology system according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary heat transfer section (300) is connected to a predetermined heat source (304) by the heat transfer pipeline (450) and the auxiliary heat transfer section (300) is adapted to transfer heat from a predetermined heat source (304). between the evaporator section (208) and the heat exchanger (202) for further transfer via the heat exchanger (208) to the heat store (302) of the building (10). The building technology system according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional heat transfer section (300) is adapted to transfer more heat to the pipeline (108), from which the heat transfer section (202) is adapted to transfer heat to the heat storage (302). heating power for heating the building. The building technology system according to claim 1, characterized in that the building technology system comprises an air conditioner 15 (400) and an evaporator (600) for receiving heat from the air moving in the air conditioner (400), the evaporator (600) being connected to the piping (108) and the evaporator (600). transferring the received heat to the heat storage (302) via the heat exchanger (202). A building technology system according to claim 6, characterized in that the evaporator (600) is adapted to transfer the heat it receives from the building to the heat storage (302) of the building (10) through the heat exchanger (202) the more the heat storage (302) is for heating the building. δ ^ 25 A building technology system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the evaporator (600) is operable if the auxiliary heat transfer section (300) is transferring heat from a predetermined g heat source (304) to the piping (108) and the building (108). 10) the air conditioning is in the CL circuit. O) CO A building technology system according to claim 6, characterized in that the vaporizer (600) is adapted to pass air through the structure (10) and cool it to reduce humidity in the air by condensing the humidity in the air conditioner (400). 19 A building technology system according to claim 9, characterized in that the evaporator (600) comprises a dewatering system (800) for removing condensed water from the air conditioner (400). A building technology system according to claim 6, characterized in that, in order to melt the ice formed in the heat pump (600), the evaporator (600) is arranged to circulate the indoor air of the building (10). The building system according to claim 11, characterized in that the building system comprises a pressure sensor (900) inside the air conditioner 10 (400), the evaporator (600) being adapted to circulate the indoor air through the building (10) if the pressure measured by the pressure sensor (900) . A building technology system according to claim 12, characterized in that the evaporator (600) is arranged to circulate the indoor air of the building 15 (10) for a predetermined time. A method of transferring heat in a building comprising circulating (1100) carbon dioxide in refrigerant through a compressor portion (210) through a conduit (108) in a subcooler portion (200) and in an expansion valve portion (206), evaporator portion (208) and condenser portion (208); transferring (1102) the heat from the refrigeration unit (212) to the heat storage (302), from which the heat can be transferred to the air conditioning system (254), by means of a heat exchanger (202) connected before the condenser section (104), in the method, further Y transfers (1104) heat from the refrigerant of the pipeline (108) to the heat transfer medium of the pipeline (108) between the condenser portion (104) and the expansion valve portion (206) through at least one of the heat transfer medium of the heat transfer pipeline (450). a desired building technology system component (204) O 30 and / or an additional heat transfer section (300) coupled to the conduit (108) alongside said vaporization section (208) and the expansion valve section (206) and the heat transfer conduit (450). sequentially with the subcooler section 200 and at least one other section (204) of the building technology system. 20 A method according to claim 14, characterized in that heat is transferred from the subcooler section (200) to the heating device (402) of the building (10), and heated by the heating device (402) to receive air entering the building (10). A method according to claim 15, characterized in that heat is transferred from the subcooler section (200) to the building heating device (402) with a set indoor air temperature setpoint greater than the outdoor temperature and indoor heating power requirement lower than the subcooler section (200). A method according to claim 14, characterized in that heat is transferred from the predetermined heat source (304) to the pipeline (108) between the evaporator portion (208) and the heat exchanger (202) by a further heat transfer section (300) for further transfer through the heat exchanger (208). (302). A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the additional heat exchanger part (300) transfers more heat to the piping (108) from which heat is transferred through the heat exchanger (202) to the heat storage (302), the more heat storage (302) supplies heating power to the building. . Method according to claim 14, characterized by receiving heat from the air moving in the air conditioner (400) by means of an evaporator (600) connected to the piping (108) and transferring the heat received by the evaporator (600) to a heat storage (302). through, o (M ö 25 A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the heat received from the air x removed from the building is transferred by the evaporator (600) to the heat storage (302) via the heat exchanger (202) * the more the heat storage (302) supplies the heating power to the building. heating. CO m zz 30 A method according to claim 18 or 20, characterized in that the evaporator (600) is switched on if the auxiliary heat transfer section (300) is transferring heat from a predetermined heat source (304) to the piping (108) and the building is ventilated. . A method according to claim 19, characterized in that air entering the building is fed through an evaporator (600) to cool the air entering the building and reduce the humidity in the air by condensing the humidity in the air conditioner (400). Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the condensed water (800) is transferred from the evaporator (600) to the floor drain of the building. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that, in order to melt the ice formed in the evaporator (600), the indoor air of the building (10) is circulated through the evaporator (600). Method according to claim 24, characterized in that the indoor air of the building (10) is circulated through the evaporator (600) if the pressure measured by the pressure sensor (900) measuring the pressure above the evaporator (600) exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure value. A method according to claim 24, characterized in that the indoor air of the building (10) is circulated through the evaporator (600) for a predetermined time. A control system for a building technology system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system comprises a controller (404) adapted to receive measurement data from the building technology system; and C 1 J to control, on the basis of the measurement data received, the heat transfer of the under cooling radiator section (200) to at least one other object (204) of the building system through the heat transfer pipeline (450). CC CL A control system according to claim 27, characterized in that the controller (404) is adapted to control an additional heat transfer section mcj (300) to control heat transfer to the piping (108) between the evaporator portion (208) and the heat transfer unit (202). and controlling the heat exchanger (208) to adjust the heat transfer to the heat storage (302). 22 A control system according to claim 27, characterized in that the controller (404) is adapted to control a building technology system to control heat transfer from the subcooler (200) to the heating device (402) of the air conditioner (400). 5 CO δ c \ j i o m X cc CL CD CO LO C \ l O CM 23