FI122640B - Skylight arrangement of the farm production building - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a garret window arrangement for a farm production building, which building has at least a ridged roof (1), made up at least of roof trusses (2), acting as supports, and roof coverings (3, 4, 5) placed on top of the roof trusses. The roof (1) has opening garret windows (10) on both sides of the roof ridge, which garret windows (10) are arranged to be opened and closed using an operation equipment (12) included in the arrangement. The operation equipment (12) consists of at least actuators (16) connected to the garret windows (10), which actuators are designed to push the garret windows (10) on the opposite sides of the roof (1) ridge away from each other. The operation equipment (12) also includes a power supply (12a), which is arranged to open and close the garret windows (10).

Description

ROOF ARRANGEMENT FOR THE FARM PRODUCTION BUILDING

The invention relates to the skylight arrangement of a farm production building as presented in the preamble.

5

Farm production buildings, such as barns and yard works, usually have skylights that light the building and are used as part of the building's ventilation. Typically, such a production building has a ceiling, 10 skylights are parallel to the roof and are located close to the roof ridge and have windows over almost the entire length of the roof. Depending on the solution, skylights are arranged to be opened and closed, for example, at the bottom or at the top. For example, in summer, in hot weather, skylights are kept open, whereas in winter skylights can be closed. The problem with this kind of skylight solution, however, is that when the windows are open, the wind can easily swing between the windows, causing the windows to break. Another problem is that because the gable roof is usually quite gently sloping, snow accumulates on skylights in the winter, preventing it from entering the building and also putting heavy weight on the windows, which can break the windows. Another problem here is that the window structures must be sturdy to withstand the stresses of wind, 25 snow and ice. The consequence is often so expensive solutions that they are not economically viable. Another problem is making the windows so tight that they will not leak. The snow and ice mentioned above still often break window seals. In addition, problematic airflow is often still low, requiring a lot of mechanical power, especially in the autumn and winter, to provide sufficient air circulation. This too is very expensive in many cases, especially in large zinc barns, and thus economical D.

not at all.

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Figure 1 shows a farm production building using a prior art skylight arrangement. The walls 31 of the production building 30 have windows 32 which allow light into the building and are used 40 as part of the ventilation of the building. Similarly, the roof 33 of the building 30 2 has skylights 34 which also light the building and are also used as part of the ventilation of the building. However, this solution has the aforementioned problems with wind and snow.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide a practical, inexpensive and simple construction of a skylight arrangement of a farm production building in which neither wind nor snow causes problems. The arrangement according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is set forth in the other claims.

15 In the following, the farm building is also referred to as the barn, which is also a courtyard building and similar farm building.

An advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is that the wind cannot swing the skylights of the barn, whereby the skylights will not break even if the wind is strong. A further advantage is that in winter, snow does not accumulate on skylights, which prevents the skylights from being damaged by the weight of the snow and prevents light from entering the building, which also allows natural light to be present in winter. As a result of the above advantages, a further advantage is obtained that skylight structures can be substantially light, in which case they are also economically advantageous. It also has the advantage that the air can escape i (to 30 effectively from the building directly upwards and does not pass through many bends, as in many known solutions. In this case, the solution according to the invention provides a sufficiently good natural air circulation Line power is not needed as much as similar solutions of the prior art 35 and the advantage is that

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the light is folded straight down from the skylights, which increases the illumination of the 3 buildings. A further advantage is that the whole arrangement is simple and inexpensive to implement.

The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a simplified and oblique view of a farm production building using 10 15 Figure 3 shows a side view schematic illustration of the inventive arrangement of a roof window is open, Figure 4 is a side view of a schematic arrangement of the invention, when the wind is pAI-20 nanut one side of the roof windows that closed and left opposite side roof windows open, Figure 5 shows a side view, cut, simplified, and schematically, and magnified with the skylight attachment and hinge 25 sealed with the skylights closed, T-Figure 6 shows side view cut, simplified, schematic and magnified with the skylight attachment and the LO 30 hinge seal with the skylights open x CC ...

Fig. 7 is a side view, simplified of £ 5 and schematically, with an enlarged view of the actuators for roof windows.

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Figure 2 is a side elevational view of a skylight arrangement of a farm production building according to the invention. The roof structure of the building 1 is supported by the roof chairs 2 which, for example, are spaced six meters apart in this embodiment. Roof chairs 2 are provided with roof coverings, the first layer of which is a very load-bearing corrugated plate 3, which is well resistant, for example, to the weight of snow in winter. An insulating layer 4 is provided on top of the corrugated board layer to prevent heat escaping from the building through the roof. A further outer protective layer 5 is provided on top of the insulating layer 4, which 10 protects the roof from weathering and air pollution. These three different layers 3, 4 and 5 of the roof do not extend all the way to the roof ridge, but the roof is left slightly open on both sides of the ridge. Skylights are arranged in this open part, the structure and arrangement of which are described below. On top of the roof chairs 2 on both sides of the roof ridge, at the point where the three floors of the roof extend upwards, a fastening support 6 is provided in the longitudinal direction of the roof, i.e. perpendicular to the roof chairs 2. These fastening supports 6 are made of, for example, ordinary wood planks 20 which are nailed to the roof chairs over the entire length of the roof. The corrugated sheet layer 3 and the dielectric layer 4 are arranged to terminate in the fastening support 6 so that the upper edge of the dielectric layer 4 is flush with the upper edge of the fastening support 6 with respect to the corner of the roof. The outer protective layer 5 of the roof, in turn, is pulled over the mounting bracket 6 so that the outer protective layer 5 rotates under the mounting bracket 6, whereby the outer protective layer 5 also protects the mounting bracket 6 from the weather and other possible disadvantages.

The support members 7 are fastened to the fastening members 6, at appropriate intervals. The support members 7 are cc ... ...

shaped lugs, for example made of wood, consisting of the first two ends of which are fastened at right angles to each other [Λ] and a support part 9 which is attached 35 at its ends to the fastening parts 8 horizontally.

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10, the support member 7 has the appearance of the letter "A". The support members 7 are secured at the other ends of their fastening parts 8 to the upper edges of the fastening supports 6, for example by nailing. In this embodiment, the support members 7 are placed on the roof at intervals of 1.2 meters, so that there are always five support members 7 per roof gap 2. The opposing skylights 10 are arranged on the support members 7 so that when they are closed, they rest on the support members 7. against the outer edges of the fasteners 8. The skylights in this embodiment are 1.5 meters high and six meters wide, so that each pair of skylights 10 formed by the skylights 2 is always matched to each other at the joining point of the upper end of the fastening parts 8 of the support members 7 and the bracket 11. , to which skylights 10 are fixed at their first edges, i.e. at their lower edges. The gasket 11 is a rubber profile of substantially at least the entire length of the window, with an air space 22 shown in Figures 5 and 6 which allows the rubber profile to collapse and thereby act as a hinge. The seal 11 is hereinafter also referred to as the hinge 11.

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The second or upper edges of the skylights 10 extend slightly over the upper edges of the support members 7. In addition, there is a small gap between the top edges of the opposite skylights 10 across the ridge. This gap is, for example, when the skylights 10 are closed, for example about 100 mm, and through this the air is removed from the barn and thus acts as part of the ventilation of the barn. In addition, a support member 18, which is for example an ordinary wooden planks, is disposed over the support member 7, which is substantially the entire length of the roof. The guard member 18 is arranged such that its lower edge 30 is lower than the upper edges of the skylights 10, in the closed position of the skylights. Thus, the protective member 18 is arranged to protect the

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the upper edges of the windows 10 from the wind, so that the skylights 10 do not start to swing in the closed position even in the strong sj-! f> wind. Correspondingly, the height of the guard member 18 is adjusted so that the upper edge of the skylights 10 remains below the upper edge of the guard member 18 at all positions of the window.

6 In this case, the skylights 10 do not start to swing, even when in the open position, even in high winds.

On top of the protection element 18 is a brush plate 5 which acts as a rain cover 19 and which is also substantially the entire length of the roof. The edges of the fin panel 19 are slightly bent down and extend horizontally over the top edges of the skylights 10, even when the skylights are in the normal open position in summer, in which case rain does not penetrate the gaps between the skylights 10 10. The attachment portions 8 of the support members 7, and thus also the skylights 10, are at an angle substantially steeper than the roof angle, i.e. in this example about 45 degrees to the horizontal, so that in winter the skylights are not stressed by snow. The angle formed by the opposing roof windows 15 is sharper than the ridge angle of the roof 1, whereby the upper edges of the roof windows 10 rise higher than the roof ridge formed by the roof chairs 2. When the wind blows against the skylights 10, the air flow is directed upward due to the angle of the windows. The upwind breeze provides at the same time 20 suction while at the same time enhancing air removal from the gap between the skylights 10.

Skylights 10 are arranged to be opened and closed by means of actuator 12. The drive apparatus 12 and its various parts 25 are illustrated in more detail in the description of Figure 7. The actuator 12 includes a power member 12a which is secured to the top of the roof ^ in a suitable location, such as a roof chair. The power element 12a is, for example, a conventional electric motor A. In addition, the actuator 12 includes a power spacer 30 biasing member 12b coupled to the actuator 12a and actuator spring actuated member cc 16 actuator 12 The actuator 12b includes a substantially axial shaft 13 extending over the support members 7 and above the support members sfr 9 of the support members 7. such that it can be rotated about its longitudinal axis. The bearing of the shaft 13 is not shown in the figures, but at its simplest it may be a suitably loose hole in the support members 9.

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The shaft 13 is connected to the power means 12a by means of a transmission means formed by a pulley 14 attached to the shaft 13 and a belt 15. The shaft 13 is arranged to be rotated by the power means 12a via the belt 15 and the pulley 14. At least one spring member 16 is connected to each skylight 10 such that the first end of the spring member 16 is fixed to one skylight and the other end to the skylight 10 on the opposite side of the ridge. Each spring member 16 is also connected to the shaft 13 by means of connecting members 17 such that the first end of the connecting member 17 is secured to the center of the spring member 16 and the other end to the shaft 13. The connecting member 17 is preferably steel wire, belt or the like.

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The spring member 16 is, for example, a conventional torsion spring having at each free end a substantially straight shaft portion 16a, the outer end of which is mounted, for example, pivotally on a skylight frame. The spring member 16 is arranged 20 to push the skylights 10 apart, i.e. to open the skylights 10. The skylights 10 can be closed by rotating the shaft 13 by means of a power member 12a such that the connecting members 17 mounted on the shaft 13 and springs 16 rotate towards the shaft 13 in this solution, downwardly, whereby the outer ends of the arm portions 16a of each spring member converge and the springs 16 at the same time pull the skylights ^ 10 onto the support members 7. Thus the outer ends of the spring members 16 are forced to approach each other against the spring force. sort of heap. The actuator 12 of the skylights 10 is thus formed by a power element 12a, a spring means 16, and a transmission means 12b comprising a shaft 13 with pulleys 14, a belt 15 and sfr connecting members 17.

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Figure 3 is a side view and schematically showing the same skylight arrangement as in Figure 2. In the situation of Figure 2, the skylights 10 are closed while in the situation of Figure 3 they are opened. The skylights 10 are arranged to be opened by rotating the shaft 13 by means of a force member 12a such that the connecting members 17 are unwound around the shaft 13 so that they no longer pull down the springs 16 downwards. The springs 16 then push the opposed skylights 10 away from one another and the skylights open at their upper edges. When the skylights 10 are fully open, the gap between the upper edges of the opposite skylights 10 is, for example, 500 mm. Usually 10 skylights 10 are kept closed in the winter and open in the summer because in summer the warm air needs to be effectively vented out of the barn. The gap between opposing skylights can be adjusted, for example, according to temperature, and the windows need not always be either fully open or fully closed, but the size of the 15 air gaps can be adjusted to any size between extreme positions.

Figure 4 is also a side elevational and schematic view of a skylight arrangement according to the invention. In the case of Figure ti-20, the wind blows from the left, whereby the left skylights 10 are pressed against the support members 7 and the right skylights 10, forced by the spring members 16, open to their extreme position. Thanks to the arrangement of the invention, the air gap 25 between the opposing skylights remains substantially the same despite the wind and the skylight skylight is adapted to rest against the fire members 7 so that the skylights do not start to swing even though the wind is strong. In this case, even a lighter structure is sufficient to withstand the effects of the wind.

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Figure 5 is a side elevational view showing the attachment point for the lower edge of the tr roof windows 10. At the upper corner of the mounting bracket 6 secured to the roof chairs P) longitudinally to the ceiling, a seal 11 which acts as a hinge of the skylights 10 is made of a rubber or similar flexible, durable and highly waterproofing material. An air space 22 is provided inside the seal 9, whereby the seal may collapse and thus act as a hinge. At the other end of the seal 11 is attached a lower frame 20 of the skylight 10, which is, for example, a U-shaped bent aluminum-5 profile. The actual skylight 10 is fitted within the U-profile of the frame 20. Correspondingly, a similar U-shaped upper frame is fitted at the top of the skylight 10. Further, the gaps 22 between the gasket 22 and the mounting bracket 6 and the skylight lower frame 20 are sealed, for example, with silicone 10 21 or similar waterproof and weatherproof material. In the situation of this figure, the skylights 10 are closed and rest against the fastening parts 8 of the support members.

Figure 6 shows, as in Figure 5, the attachment point for the lower edge of the skylights. In the situation of this figure, the skylights 10 are open. The skylights 10 have been opened at their upper edge, whereby the seal 11 is bent and collapsed, thereby acting as the hinge of the skylights 10.

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The arrangement according to the invention may optionally further comprise at least control and regulating means and means, such as sensors for measuring the temperature of the air and supplying temperature information to the control and regulating means, at appropriate locations. The actuator 12 of the skylights 10 is connected to be controlled by the control and actuating means, for example, that in its basic position the skylights 10 are closed and the window opens stepwise as the temperature increases each time a certain number of degrees increases, respectively. Similarly, stepless adjustment, x

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Correspondingly, the arrangement may also include a rain sensor co adapted to pull the skylights 10 in the winter or closed position in heavy rain and again to open the windows to 0 or 35 in the summer position when there is little rain or rain to prevent water from entering the top of the windows.

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The opening and closing of the skylights 10 may thus be carried out automatically in the manner described above, or alternatively by opening or closing the windows with the aid of the actuating device 12 whenever necessary according to the situation.

It will be clear to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the above exemplary embodiment, but may vary within the scope of the following claims. Thus, for example, the roof of a production building may have a different structure than the above. For example, the distance between the roof chairs need not be just six meters, but may be another suitable measure. Similarly, the distance between the supporting members may be 15 other than 1.2 meters. Likewise, roofing roofs and their various layers may be of a different type than those described above.

It will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that skylights need not necessarily be at an angle of exactly 45 degrees to the horizontal, but may be at any other suitable angle, provided that the weight of the snow does not burden the windows in winter. It is essential to the invention that, viewed from the end of the building, the angle 25 of the skylights is suitably sharper than the angle of the slab of the other roof. Preferably, the angle of the skylights relative to the horizontal is, for example, between about 30-75 °, preferably between 40-60 °.

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It is still clear to one skilled in the art that, instead of the spring members i 'Λ 30, skylights can be opened and closed by other types of actuators. In this case, the actuator may be, for example, a compression spring, a lever member or a similar actuator.

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It will further be appreciated by those skilled in the art that there may be more than one drive unit and that a shaft of a building length may be divided into several parts. In this case, not all windows move at the same time and to the same extent, 11 but some windows can be opened at different times and more or less open than other windows.

It is also clear to a person skilled in the art that the roof type of the building 5 need not necessarily be a ridge ceiling and skylights need not necessarily be in the middle of the ridge. For example, the ceiling may be round when viewed from the end or it may be descending in one direction only. In the latter case, the skylights can, for example, be located only at one of the edges 10 or near the other edge, i.e. preferably the upper edge. Skylights can also be one-sided, so that there is only one row of skylights where, for example, an oblique row of windows is against a vertical row of windows or a wall when the roof is not symmetrical. In addition, skylights 15 may form pyramidal cakes or other multi-sided, upward converging cakes in which all windows open outward from the center. The opening and closing mechanism and the rain protection mechanisms may still be substantially the same as those described above.

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Claims (12)

1. Ceiling window arrangements for a farm's production building, the production building comprising at least one roof (1) consisting of at least roof trusses (2), which constitute supporting structures, and of cladding (3, 4, 5) arranged thereon, and which roof (1) has openable roof windows (10), characterized in that the roof windows (10) are arranged to extend from the roof up at an angle substantially steeper than the roof angle, and that the arrangement comprises at least one drive (12) by means of which the roof windows (10) are arranged. is opened and closed in its upper edges, which drive equipment (12) comprises at least at least coupled controls (16) connected to the skylights (10), which have been arranged to slide the skylights (10) of the upper edges away from the closed position. 2. Ceiling window arrangements according to claim 1, characterized in that the skylights (10) are placed in an oblique position in pairs opposite each other, and that the control means (16) coupled to the skylights (10) are arranged to push the skylights (10) opposite one another. edges away from each other. Ceiling window arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the driving equipment (12) comprises a power element (12a) and a power dissipation element (12b), which has been connected to the power element (12a) and to the control means (16), and that the power element (12a) has been arranged to open and close the skylights (10) by forming the power supply element (12b) and the control means (16). 4. Ceiling window arrangement according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the power transmission element (12b) comprises at least one shaft (13) and CM 2 power transmission element (14,15) and connecting element (17), and that the shaft (13) is connected to the power element (12a) by means of the power transmission element (14, 15) and at the control means χ (16) by means of the connecting elements (17), and that the power element (12a) is arranged to cc) pull the control means (16) towards the shaft (13) by causing the shaft (13) to rotate in one direction and to move the 1 CM jam controls (16) further away from the shaft (13) by moving the shaft (13) to rotate in another direction. j h- i O '! O I 5. Ceiling window arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fastening support (6) is fixed to the roof trusses (2), to which the roof windows (10) have fixed at their lower edges with the aid of an air gap (22). sealing (11), which sealing (11) has also been arranged to act as the hinge of the skylight (10). Skylight arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control means (16) consist of helical springs. 7. The skylight arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper edges of the opposite skylights (10) are horizontally spaced from one another when the skylights (10) are in the closed position. A skylight arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement comprises a drive mechanism operating by means of heat, which is arranged to incrementally open the skylights (10) in its upper portions as the temperature rises above a certain limit and incrementally close (10) in its upper parts to the base position when; the temperature drops below a certain limit. J i 9. Skylights according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the skylights (10) in the closed position are substantially at an angle of about 30 - 75 °, preferably at an angle of about 40 - 60 ° in relation to the horizontal plane. The skylight arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the skylights (10) in the closed position are essentially at an angle of about 45 ° in relation to the horizontal plane. 11. Skylight arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the -2-skylights (10) are arranged to receive support against supporting elements (7) by wind force. i LO Ceiling window arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the CLs (16) coupled to the skylights (10) are arranged to push the upper edges of the (C) into the skylights (10) on the opposite sides of the roof (10). 1) knocked away from each other. f n · 1 O 5 O i cv