FI12161U1 - Building element for forming a bearing wall or a loft floor, a base floor or an intermediate floor - Google Patents

Description

BUILDING ELEMENT FOR SHAPING A LOADING WALL OR UPPER, DOWN, OR INSIDE BASE

The invention relates to a building element for forming a load-bearing wall or an upper, lower or intermediate floor, comprising: which insulating body has an inner surface and an outer surface; a heat-insulating piece to prevent the formation of cold bridges, wherein the building members are provided with support members on the inner and outer surfaces of the heat-insulating piece deeper than the recesses, rising from the inner surface of the heat insulating body.

The most common construction methods used are bulk goods construction, the precut method, and small and large element construction. Piece building refers to traditional on-site construction using unit components, while large-scale building refers to the use of prefabricated building elements by combining building elements on site at a building.

The advantage of piece goods construction is its flexibility that allows the construction of individual buildings. On the other hand, the problem is the cost of employing a skilled workforce.

The advantage of large-element construction is, in turn, the high cost efficiency of serial production, but the disadvantage is the cost and difficulty of deviating from serial production.

Intermediate construction of bulk goods and large-element construction can be considered to be the construction of small-element construction at a construction site, where the bulk material is made into small building elements, which are combined into a building. From the announcement publication FI 89469, a manufacturing device for producing such building elements is known. The manufacturing device can be used to produce building elements in which the wooden frame, the wool insulation between the frame and the wind and vapor barrier structures together form a building element. However, such a building element is still complicated to manufacture and difficult to handle.

Also known from the prior art is Utility Model Publication FI 10569, which discloses a building element utilizing EPS plastic as insulation. The problem with such a building element, however, is the insulating breaks at the support members and the multi-component structure. An inhomogeneous multi-component insulation structure can allow moisture to condense inside the building element and thereby cause moisture damage to the building.

The object of the invention is to provide a building element which is simpler than the prior art building elements, which can be manufactured in a building site and which has at least as good thermal insulation performance as the prior art building elements. Characteristic features of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying claim 1.

The object of the building element according to the invention can be achieved with a building element for forming a load-bearing wall or top, bottom or intermediate floor, which building element comprises only one single heat-insulating element to provide thermal insulation of the building element and at least two load-bearing supporting elements. The heat-insulating body is pre-fabricated from polyurethane in the form of a sheet and has a uniform structure forming a thermal element, a vapor barrier and a wind shield of the building element, and which heat-insulating body has an inner surface and an outer surface. In addition, the building element includes recesses for the support members formed on the inner surface of the heat insulating member, the recesses having a depth such that 30 to 150 mm of the thermal insulating member remain between each recess and the outer surface of the insulating member to prevent cold bridges. In the building element, the support members are larger than the recesses in the depth direction between the inner surface and the outer surface of the heat-insulating piece, rising from the inner surface of the heat-insulating piece. Further, the building element includes a subframe attached to the inner surface between the support members to improve the load-bearing capacity of the building element and to form a collar.

Since the support members in the building element according to the invention are larger than the recesses, the support members which rise from the inner surface of the heat insulating piece to a distance form a collar for interior cladding, whereby the wires and pipes are easily routed inside the building element. The subframe to be attached to the inner surface of the heat insulating part provides one additional support point for the collar, which can be freely positioned on the inner surface of the heat insulating part, per building element. This allows the subframe to be positioned, for example, at the partition. By choosing the depth of the aforementioned recesses, the insulating layer between the outer surface and the recess is thick enough to prevent the formation of cold bridges and moisture condensation on the support member surface at the bottom, but on the other hand thin enough to secure the outer cladding

The building element according to the invention has a very simple construction and eliminates the formation of cold bridges by the use of a single piece of thermal insulation. The thermal insulator piece extends across the entire width of the building element and at the same time forms three functional assemblies, namely an insulation layer, a wind barrier and a vapor barrier. At the same time, the uniform piece of thermal insulation is homogeneous, thus avoiding problems of condensation between different layers, as in prior art solutions. Since the piece of thermal insulation made of a single piece has its own rigidity, the supporting members can be left unattached by means of separate transverse supporting members while the thermal insulating piece acts as a connecting structure. The construction element according to the invention provides a highly individualized and efficient new and renovation construction where the wishes of the customer can be easily met.

The subframe can be attached by gluing to a heat insulating piece and fastening by means of brackets to the support members or to the upper or lower beam. In this way, the subframe is securely attached to both the thermal insulation member and the supporting members and improves the load-bearing capacity of the building element.

The building element according to the invention may also be referred to as a small element, which refers to the fact that the building element is of such a size and weight that it is suitable for handling by two persons without separate lifting equipment. In this context, recesses may also be referred to as puncturing.

Preferably, the thermal insulating body is a PIR insulator, i.e. a polyisocyanate insulator. Because of its chemical structure, PIR insulation has a better fire performance than alternative polyurethane insulators such as PUR insulation.

Alternatively, the thermal insulating body may also be a PUR insulator, but with PUR insulation, the structure has a lower fire resistance than with PIR.

Preferably, the auxiliary body has a thickness such that it extends at the same distance from the inner surface of the heat insulating body as the supporting members. In this case, the subframe and the supporting members at the same time form a collar to which, for example, gypsum board or the like can be fixed inside the building.

Preferably, the support members are wood. Wood is an inexpensive and commonly used frame structure, to which folding, interior and exterior cladding can be easily attached by means of nails or screws.

Alternatively, the support members may be metal or composite.

Preferably, the support members are located only on the longitudinal sides of the building element. In this case, separate lower and upper runners can be used to fasten adjacent building elements to each other.

Alternatively, the support members may rotate around the edges of the building element. However, in this case, there is a double run between the foundation and the building element.

Preferably, the support portions are provided with first recesses for separate upper runners and second recesses for separate lower runners. The first cavities and the second cavities allow the building element to be glued directly to the lower runner attached to the foundation, and the use of double runners is avoided, achieving material savings and better thermal insulation.

In the building element according to the invention, the heat insulating part glued to the supporting parts also acts as a stiffening part of the building frame. The thermal insulation piece used must be rigid so that it can stiffen the structure. According to one embodiment, the thermal insulating body may, for example, have a short-term compression strength of 80-120 kPa (measured by 10% compression), a long-term compression strength of 15-25 kPa (measured by 2% compression), an elastic modulus of 2.5-3.5 MPa and a shear strength of 60-90 kPa.

The building element according to the invention may be formed in the building site in the following steps, using as a single piece of single insulated polyurethane sheet heat insulating material, which forms the building element heat insulation, vapor barrier and wind shield, into which Further, the adhesive is applied to the heat insulating member or supporting members or both to adhere to each other during compression, at least two supporting supporting members are applied to the thermal insulating member, and the supporting members are clamped against the thermal insulating member to achieve the final dimensions of the building element. By manufacturing the building element in the above-mentioned manner, the separate steps of attaching the vapor barrier and the wind shield can be avoided, since a single integral piece of thermal insulation forms the insulating layer, the vapor barrier and the wind shield alone. In addition, the mutual bonding steps of the separate insulation pieces involved in the manufacture of prior art building elements are avoided.

Advantageously, during the construction of the building element, recesses are formed in the heat insulating body at the site. In this case, the building elements are very freely adjustable in terms of sizing. Preferably, the recesses are formed by milling or other suitable method.

Alternatively, recesses have already been formed in the heat insulating body during manufacture of the heat insulating body. This speeds up the construction of building elements, but often requires the purchase of large orders from the insulation manufacturer. In addition, this approach is less suited to individual construction.

Preferably, the PIR insulation is used as the heat insulating element in the construction of the building element. In this case, separate work steps may be avoided to provide fire protection, such as the application of fire protection boards or pulps.

Preferably, during the fabrication of the building element, the support members are heated prior to their attachment to accelerate the adhesive bonding. For example, the heating may be effected by temporarily heating the supporting elements of the building element with an infrared heater. An increase in the surface temperature of the support member during gluing to about 60-80 ° C accelerates the reaction and thus shortens the setting time.

In the manufacture of the building element, the support members can be pressed against the heat insulating member for 90 to 360 seconds, preferably 100 to 140 seconds with a compression force of 800 to 3000 N, preferably 1000 to 2000 N. This allows the adhesive to bind and the compression force used to press the support members despite structural defects such as the twist of the support members. Preferably, the compression is parallel to the plane of the heat insulating body

Preferably, during the construction of the building element, a sub-frame is formed on the inner surface of the heat-insulating piece during the distance between the support members. The subframe provides additional anchorage points for the interior trim.

The construction element according to the invention is very simple in construction and thus also light. The building element according to the invention is hand-operable by two workers and weighs a maximum of 50-60 kg depending on the size of the building element. When manufactured on a building site, a building element is easy to fit to the particular building site in terms of its dimensions, and when manufacturing a building element, it is easy to take into account, for example, the special dimensions required for renovation construction. On the other hand, in the case of new buildings, the construction of building elements of standard size and structure is quick and simple, thus resulting in cost savings. On-site fabrication of building elements eliminates the need for building element warehouses, separate production facilities and transportation.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1a - Id show the steps of manufacturing a building element according to the invention for manufacturing a building element according to the invention,

Fig. 2a is a sectional top view of a building element according to the invention,

Fig. 2b is a side elevational view of a building element according to the invention,

Figure 2c is a side elevational view of the building element of the invention, taken along section A-A of Figure 2a;

Figure 3 shows a wall element of a building made up of building elements according to the invention,

Fig. 4a is an axonometric view of a building element according to the invention used as a crossing element,

Fig. 4b is a side elevational view of a building element used as a crossing element,

Fig. 4c is a sectional view, taken along section B-B of Fig. 4a, of a building element for use as a crossing element,

Figure 5a is an axonometric view of a building element according to the invention used as a lower element,

Figure 5b is a side elevational view of a building element used as a sub-element,

Fig. 5c is a sectional view, taken along section C-C of Fig. 5a, of a building element used as a lower element,

Figure 6 is a sectional view of a building element according to the invention as part of a building.

According to Fig. 1a, the manufacture of the building element according to the invention is started by supporting the heat insulating piece 12 for the manufacture. The manufacture can be carried out, for example, by supporting a piece of heat insulation on the table. Preferably, however, special equipment can be used to manufacture the building element at the site. Such an apparatus is known, for example, from FI 89469. The thermal insulating body 12 is a sheet-shaped body made of polyurethane having its own rigidity. The heat insulating body 12 has an inner surface 14 and an outer surface 16, which may be of the same construction, whereby the installation direction of the heat insulating body 12 cannot be erroneous by inserting the heat insulating body in the wrong direction. The insulating body 12 may already have been formed in the thermal insulating body 12 at the time of manufacturing the recesses 20 according to Fig. Ib, but they may also be formed as a separate work step in the construction site. In the completed steps of the building element shown in Figures la-id, the recesses 20 are formed as a separate working step between Figures la and ib. The recesses 20 are formed in the edges 21 of the heat insulating body 12 over a portion of the depth of the heat insulating body 12 between the inner surface 14 and the outer surface 16. Preferably, the recess 20 rotates along the edges 21 of the heat insulating body 12 around the periphery of the entire thermal insulating body 12. The recesses 20 may be formed in the heat insulating part 12, for example by means of a pneumatic cutter or a similar tool.

Once the recesses 20 have been formed, an adhesive 24 may be applied to the recesses 20 or the support portions 18 or both, preferably the adhesive is a one-component polyurethane adhesive which may be slightly foamy. Such adhesive can be, for example, Kestopur 1C3 polyurethane adhesive manufactured by Kiilto Oy of Finland. The adhesive used may also be a two-component adhesive. Preferably, a water spray can also be fed with the adhesive, which enhances the bonding. Prior to gluing, the supporting members or the insulating member may be momentarily heated to promote adhesion of the adhesive. Preferably, the components to be heated are the support portions 18 shown in Fig. 1d, which can be heated, for example, by means of an infrared heater to a temperature of about 60-80 ° C. In the manufacture of the building element according to the invention, gluing is preferably used for attaching the supporting members to the heat insulating part, since gluing is a faster and cheaper alternative than fastening by means of mechanical fasteners.

The support members 18 are placed in the recesses 20 and the support members 18 are pressed parallel to the plane of the heat insulating body 12 from the sides 19 against the heat insulating body 12. This prevents the support members 18 from rising out of the recesses 20. In the compression 12, the twists or other obliquities in the insulator 12 or the support members 18 or both can be corrected to achieve a maximum contact surface between the heat insulating member 12 and the support members 18 for optimal bonding. The pressing may be continued for 90 to 360 seconds, preferably 100 to 140 seconds, with a pressing force of 800 to 3000 N, preferably 1000 to 2000 N, provided that the thermal insulating body 12 is PIR dielectric. During compression, the building element reaches its final external dimensions. After compression, the building element 10 is finished as shown in Fig. Id and can be used alone or in combination with other building elements to form a building wall, floor, ridge or top floor element. For example, a pressurized air press may be used.

Figures 2a to 2c show an embodiment of a building element 10 according to the invention from different angles. In its simplest form, the building element comprises only three parts, i.e. the heat-insulating piece 12 and the two supporting parts 18 attached thereto. The function of the heat-insulating piece 12 is to act as heat insulation, vapor barrier and wind protection and also weather protection during construction. The supporting members 18, in turn, serve to provide rigidity to the building element 10 and to carry vertical or horizontal loads, or both, while also serving as attachment points for interior and exterior cladding. The thermal insulating body 12 is polyurethane insulation, preferably PIR insulation.

Alternatively, PUR insulation may be used, but the PIR insulation has a better fire performance than PUR. However, both insulators are very light in weight compared to mineral wool and still have very high thermal insulation properties. The heat transfer coefficient of the PIR insulation is 0.22, while that of wool is 0.33 to 0.35. This means that the building element according to the invention having the same thickness achieves a better thermal insulation performance compared to the prior art building elements using wool insulation. Alternatively, the building element according to the invention may be made thinner than the wool insulating building element, while achieving the same thermal insulation.

Preferably, the support members 18 are wood, such as pine or spruce, or other commonly used wood species. Alternatively, the support members may also be made of metal or composite or other material of better insulation than a heat insulating body. The recesses 20 for the support members and the support members are of such a depth that the support members 18 placed in the recesses 20 are partially over the inner surface 14 of the heat-insulating piece 12. The thickness of the insulating body used may be 100 to 200 mm, preferably 140 to 160 mm, with a recess having a depth of 70 to 130 mm, leaving a distance of 50 to 130 mm between the recess and the outer surface. There must be a sufficiently large layer of heat insulation between the outer surface 16 of the heat insulating member 12 and the recess 20 so that no dew point is formed on the outer surface of the support member at the bottom of the recess. Correspondingly, the depth of the support members is 100-150 mm. The recess 20, in turn, corresponds substantially to the width of the support member 18 and can be 40 to 60 mm. Preferably, however, the recess on its side is about 5 mm wider than the support portion so as to leave sufficient space for the foamable adhesive in the joint between the two building elements. Preferably, each support member is made of a single piece and is continuous over the entire edge of the building element.

As shown in Figures 2b and 2c, the support portion 18 is preferably provided with first recesses 26 for upper runners and second recesses 28 for lower runners. When the building element 10 is mounted, for example, against a cast foundation 50 as shown in Fig. 6, the recess 20 at the end of the building element 10 and the other recesses 28 in the support members 18 provide space for the downstream 40. The lower run 40 is preferably secured to the foundation 50 and the building element 10 is glued to the lower run 40 and mechanically secured with screws or nail down its support members. The function of the downstream is to run continuously along the entire wall element, locking the building elements together. Correspondingly, the upper part of the building element 10 also has a recess 20 for the upper run 36 and the first recesses 26 for the upper beam 42. The function of the upper course is similar to that of the lower course, which is to tie the building elements together. Advantageously, the building element does not include lower or upper run, thus avoiding the use of double run. When using a separate undercut, which is installed separately on the foundation, the protective film used, for example, in radon or other gas protection, can be guided underneath and locked in place by the undercut. In this way, the protection becomes more compact and reliable with prior art bonding. The protective film used may be, for example, bitumen felt or plastic. In Fig. 6, reference numerals 44 represent the lower beam and reference numeral 46 represents the upper beam, which distributes the vertical loads on the support members, for example, when the openings are crossed. The lower beam distributes the vertical loads to the lower runner and also serves as a support for the interior trim and as a support base. Thus, the thermal insulating body does not act as a load-bearing structure.

Figure 3 shows a part of a wall assembled from building elements 10 according to the invention. Here the two building elements 10 are fastened side by side. Each building element is further provided with an auxiliary frame 22, which may be an additional support member which can be freely glued to the inner surface 14 of the heat-insulating piece 12 and secured to the lower and upper beams. Preferably, the subframe is also made of wood and of a thickness such that its outer surface is flush with the inner surface of the support members. The position of the subframe is freely selectable, whereby its installation can take into account, for example, partitions connected to the exterior wall and openings in the building element, such as window openings. As shown in Figure 3, the support members 18 and the subframe 22 together form a collar for the interior trim, which in this case includes a wall panel 34. The wall panel may be, for example, gypsum board. In the building element according to the invention there is no need for a separate inner assembly, since it is formed by the supporting parts and the possible sub-frame. At the same time, there is an empty space between the insulation and the interior trim, which can be used for example to hide electrical wires and pipes. The support members 18 and the subframe 22 form a collar by means of which the interior cladding, such as wall panel 34, is lifted 30-50 mm from the inner surface 14 of the heat insulating body 12.

As shown in Figure 3, the exterior cladding 32 may be secured to the building element 10 by means of a separate exterior cavity 30 which may be secured, for example by screws or nails, through the heat insulating member 12 to the structural member support members 18. Normal-sized fasteners 30 may be used. This is due to the fact that the thickness of the heat-insulating piece 12 remaining between the support member 18 and the outer cavity 30 is moderate but still sufficient to prevent the formation of cold bridges.

The outer surface 16 of the thermal insulating part 12 of the building element 10 does not require separate wind protection since the insulating part 12 is sealed and prevents wind and water.

Figures 4a-4c show an embodiment of the building element 10 according to the invention, in which the building element is a so-called crossing element. By this designation is meant a building element used to cross various openings such as window openings. If the width of the window opening is more than 1200 mm, the building element 10 is then formed transversely, whereby 1200 mm is the maximum height of the building element 10 and 3000 mm maximum width. In any case, the support members 18 are mounted on the sides 19 of the heat-insulating member 12 which extend vertically in the position of use. In this embodiment, the upper opening 36 runs between the support portions 18 and serves to reinforce the building element 10 and, where appropriate, act as a window fastener. Figures 5a-5c, in turn, show an embodiment of the building element 10, in which the building element is a sub-element. In practice, this is almost the same building element as the crossing element, except that in the lower element, the support portions 18 are provided with second recesses 28 for the lower beam 44 shown in FIG. In the lower element, a lower run 40 extends between the support portions 18. The upper beam and the lower beam differ in their size. The vapor barrier can be deduced behind the lower and upper beams.

The width of the building element according to the invention is preferably 1200 mm, which comes from commonly used materials in buildings. Preferably, the support members are also 600 or 1200 mm, but in the building element according to the invention there are only two support elements, while the prior art building elements generally have three frame posts at a distance of 1200 mm. In this way, the building element is lighter and the support elements are less needed, resulting in cost savings. The height of the building element can vary from 2000 to 4000 mm, preferably from 2400 to 3000 mm and the total thickness with interior and exterior cladding is 200 to 400 mm depending on the application and the cladding.

The building element according to the invention can be used in warm and semi-warm buildings, but also in cold rooms, such as warehouses and the like, because the building element according to the invention is dense as moisture travels through it in either direction. The building element according to the invention is also suitable for new, extension and renovation construction.

The building elements according to the invention can be fastened to each other on the ground and lifted together in a single piece, for example to the second floor. This saves extra lifts and speeds up work.

Claims (5)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. Byggnadselement (10) för att bilda en bärande vägg eller en övre, nedre eller mellanbotten, whistleblowing byggnadselement (10) omfattar - pratten colorisoleringsstycke (12) för att åstadkomma byggnadselementets (10) flashingisoler (10) color isolation, ångspärr och vindskydd, och flash color isolationstycke (12) har enrere (14) och en yttre (16), - ) för att åstadkomma byggnadselementets (10) bärförmåga med var och en stöddel (18) mimmer vid such color-inseringsstycke (12), - fördjupningar (20) för stöddelarna (18) pictures-color (12) in-color (12) (20) djup sådant att mellan var och en fördjupning (20) och vart och et colorisoleringsstyckes (12) yrere (16) blir 30-150 mm av colorisoler ingsstycket (12) förhindra uppkomsten av köldbryggor, i vilket byggnadselement (10) stöddelarna (18) år djupriktningen mellan colorisoleringsstyckets (12) inre yta (14) och yttre yta (16) störreöän fördn (12) inre yta (14), kännetecknat av att byggnadselementet (10) vidare omfattar en hjälpstomme (22) fäst vid den inre ytan (14) mellan stöddelarna (18) för att förbättra byggnadselementets (10) bärförmåga och bild. A building element (10) for forming a load-bearing wall or upper, lower or intermediate floor comprising: - only one single heat-insulating piece (12) for providing heat-insulating of the building element (10), preformed from a polyurethane sheet and has an integral structure forming a thermal element, a vapor barrier and a wind shield of the building element (10), and the heat insulating body (12) has an inner surface (14) and an outer surface (16), - at least two load bearing portions (18) bonded to said thermal insulating body (12), - recesses (20) for supporting members (18) formed on the inner surface (14) of the thermal insulating body (12) having a depth of said recesses (20) such that each recess (20) and outer surface (12) 16) between 30 and 150 mm of thermal insulation piece (12) is formed between cold bridges to prevent the support members (18) in the building element (10) from being deeper than the recesses (20) in the depth direction between the inner surface (14) and the outer surface (16) of the heat insulating member (12), characterized in that ) further includes a subframe (22) attached to the inner surface (14) between the support portions (18) to improve the load-bearing capacity of the building element (10) and to form a collar. 2. Byggnadselement enligt skyddskrav 1, kännetecknat av att color isolation ring (12) and PIR isolation. A building element according to the protection claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation element (12) is a PIR insulation. 3. Byggnadselement enligt skyddskrav 1 eller 2, kännetecknat av att such hjälpstom (22) till sin tjocklek sådan att den sträcker sig till samma avstånd från colorisolerings-styckets (12) st. (14) som. A building element according to the protection claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said subframe (22) has a thickness such that it extends at the same distance from the inner surface (14) of the heat insulating body (12) as said support members (18). 4. Byggnadselementets enligt något av skyddskrav 1-3, kännetecknat av att Such stöddelar (18) finns itself as pgg byggnadselementets (10). Building element according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said support elements (18) are located only on the longitudinal sides (19) of the building element (10). Building element according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first recesses (26) for separate upper runners (36) and the second recesses (28) for separate lower runners (40) are formed in the supporting parts (18). SKYDDSKRAV Byggnadselement enligt något av skyddskrav 1-4, kännetecknat av att i stöddelarna (18), and första urtag (26) för separata övre avrinningar (36) och andra urtag (28) för separata nedre avrinningar (40).