FI119504B - Method and mold piece for making a concrete element having an opening in a radiator mold - Google Patents

Description

, 119504

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and a mold body for the manufacture of a concrete element having an opening in a battery mold. Particularly preferably, the method and mold piece according to the invention are suitable for manufacturing a window and / or door opening such as a living room window wall or balcony wall element.

The prior art method of manufacturing elements of this type is almost invariably based on the use of a horizontal mold, whereby casting is performed on a horizontal base plate on which both the peripheral mold plates providing the outer dimensions of the element and molded moldings are provided. Of course, one problem is that each element requires a very large space at the casting stage, since the horizontal base plate 15 in question is always larger than the outer dimensions of the element and the elements can be manufactured in only one layer.

(003) In the manufacture of conventional open wall elements as well as elements in which the opening, for example a door opening, extends to the lower edge of the element, a so-called. radiator mold, whereby the elements are cast in a vertically placed mold. In fact, a radiator mold is a series of several, for example, ten parallel molds. The starting point for the radiator panel is one fixed retaining wall and one or two movable retaining walls, and a number of vertical movable partitions between them. Retaining walls and partitions are •; *; At least the size of the element to be molded, preferably slightly larger than the largest element produced at the factory in question. Retaining walls and partitions leave .1. between them, the mold space into which the casting takes place. Of course, each space requires a lower edge, which is usually hung with special arms on an adjacent retaining wall or partition wall, end plates and a spacer. These three edges are used to form • · e. ···. 30 miles on three edges. Typically, the mold space is formed between two wall portions • e *** so that the mold space is further limited to a vertically adjustable lower edge and, in the case of the second element end, to a standard end plate. The second • e *: * ..: element is formed by a spacer that is movable in position. The fourth • element edge is formed by filling the mold space with concrete up to the desired height, preferably up to the top of the support and partition walls.

• e 2 119504 (004) The battery mold has also been used to some extent in the manufacture of elements with small openings. If necessary, a small window opening, for example a plywood frame, a metal profile frame or a closed piece, is usually attached to the element by, for example, a small window opening on the support wall by means of permanent magnets. After installing these plastic parts, a partition is placed against them to form a plastic space. After this, the corresponding plastic parts are again placed on the opposite side of the partition, after which the plastic is closed on one side by the next partition. This is continued until the amount of plastics is desired in parallel to produce the desired amount of element. A second retaining wall is placed over the last plastic portions 10, whereby the entire paper mold can be tightened together to form a casting unit by pulling the support walls towards each other with the force required. Another type of radiator shape has a slightly different structure. There, a solid retaining wall is placed in the center of the paper, and on each side of it a start is made to assemble plastic spaces from the plastic parts and partitions. At this point, a movable support wall 15 is disposed at each end of the paper, which is pulled toward the solid support wall to tighten the mold spaces to the mold. The casting itself is carried out in such a way that each mold cavity of the mold is filled with concrete.

When using prior art molds, the element is detached from the plastic space so that the crane hooks are secured to the upper edge of the element closest to the movable support wall by casting loops, opening the element. means for holding the mold support walls in a tightened state and moving away from the movable support wall ·· ·. Next, if necessary, you can remove or move the element's · · · · element to the page. . ·. end panels on the side or end panels and spacers, followed by the dismantling of the element * *· *:. from the opening, it is defined by plastic parts and lifted out of the element.

··· ♦ * 25 After this, the brochure is repeated except that the paper is moved instead of the support • ♦ · the movable partition of the mold. One problem with this type of casting method is that the window or door shape has to be assembled and attached to the retaining wall or partition each time. This assembly and mounting, as well as its disassembly, takes at least time. In addition, the plastic in question is often disposable, which can also be considered as a problem with the material that is being consumed.

··· • · • · * ♦ *:. ·. (006) When larger windows or elements with a window and a door do not have ·· ♦ #: trying to make radiator molds is a problem in test casts • · ♦ 35Note if the element has a wide window opening or window aperture eThe adjoining door aperture, non-pourable concrete 119504 3 fills the cavity underneath the window mold or in the corner of the window mold and door mold, leaving an indefinite amount of empty space. One of the reasons for the creation of such a space is firstly the viscosity of the concrete to be poured, whereby the concrete does not flow from underwater to fill the space, but at a much slower rate. On the other hand, it follows that the concrete fills the flow passage on the side of the window mold before the mold section underneath the window has been filled, leaving an air pocket in the mold below the window which cannot drain due to the viscosity of the concrete. Thus, the air pocket in question also remains an opening in the finished element. In cases where a single window is formed in the element, the filling of the underside of the window 10 will depend in part on the width of the window and partly on the manner of casting. If the window is narrow, the mold can be filled almost completely on one side of the window, allowing the concrete time to drain and filling the underside of the window across the width of the window. In this way, there is the danger that the pressure of the concrete will move the window mold, no matter how tightly it is between the retaining and partition walls, to the side, whereby the window will no longer be exactly where it is intended. If, on the other hand, the window is relatively wide, the filling of the mold must be carried out on both sides of the window mold at the same time (which in itself should be considered a practical rule in all casting conditions). In other words, the mold space below the window closes on both sides and leaves an air pocket below the window mold.

20th . *. In order to solve, among other things, the above problems, a novel type of method and apparatus have been developed, whereby the objects of the invention are, inter alia, that. . ·. - the radiator mold can be used to make elements of the window aperture or window and door aperture, • # · * 25 - the formation of air pockets underneath the apertures in the molding can be prevented by molding in the radiator mold, • · • ♦ *** - each piece of plastic forming an opening in the element stays in place .. against the support wall or partition when finished from the battery mold • · ***** 30 - Plastic pieces can be made of better materials because they are not disposable and do not need to be broken or disassembled when unpeeled.

The features and characteristics of the method and equipment of the present invention will be apparent from the appended claims.

4 119504 (009) In the following, the method and apparatus according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, of which Figure 1a schematically shows the so-called. Fig. 1b schematically shows a so-called balcony wall element. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the invention in the form of a radial wall element, fig. Figure 4b is a partial sectional view of a plastic body according to a second and third preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 is a sectional view of a profile of a plastic body according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1a schematically illustrates a conventional apartment block balcony wall element 2, which thus has a continuous opening 4 and a balcony door 4 'eVä window 4'.

20th . *. Fig. 1b schematically shows the flow of the element of Fig. 1a in a patch mold, the partition wall of which is for the sake of clarity removed. The parts of the mold are «··«. . ·. the bottom edges 10, end edges 12 'and 12 "are visible, and both the door and the window give shape to the plastic pieces 14 and 16. In addition, the figure shows a situation where the plastic space, which is · · · 5" * 25 bounded by underside 10, end slats 12 'and 12 "(or end slabs and inserts), plastic pieces • ♦ · slats 14 and 16, and partitions or partition and support wall, casting has advanced to the extent that • ·“ * concrete B surface S extends almost to the top of the window and the door opening. As a result of the defect, the concrete has filled up well to the left of the door opening, • · ♦ '; *** because it is open and flat from the top. *** 30 below the window mold 16 where the concrete surface P1 is obliquely angled between the window and door opening of the solid air bubble I. The reason for the formation of the air bubble I is: ** [: that, when casting, the concrete fills the window mold 16 and 12 "space,]] · so that air can no longer escape from the mold but remains below the window mold 16.

• · · "* | The size and shape of the air bubble I is mainly influenced by the viscosity of the concrete • ·· 35 the speed at which the mold space is started to fill. In other words, the faster the 5 119504 mold space is filled and / or the more viscous the concrete below the mold.

Figure 2 is a side view and sectional view of the radiator mold of Figure 1b at the window mold 16 without, however, bearing on the structure of the window mold itself. In the figure, reference numeral 20 shows the support mold partition wall and reference numeral 22 the partition wall. Further, the figure shows the lower edge 10 and the structure used to support it. In other words, the lower edge 10 is supported on the support wall 20 such that a bracket 24 is provided on the underside of the support wall 20 having a hole substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the casting plane 20 'of the support wall 10. The arm 26 supporting the bottom edge 10 is supported in said hole so that both the arm 26 and the bottom member 10 can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the support wall 20. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the arm 26 is a continuous rectangular body. Specifically, in cases where a plurality of elements of different heights are molded in the radiator fashion, said arm may be made into two parts, for example by providing a vertically threaded sleeve at the end of the arm extending from the bracket . Another way to accomplish the same function is to arrange a common threaded sleeve at the end of the arm extending from the bracket in question and the lower arm 20 supporting the threads and the nut so that by arranging the nut above the sleeve can be. . ·, Rotate the nut relative to the shaft to change the height of the lower flange.

* · · · *

The structures or brackets 24 and the arms which support said lower edge 10 are arranged at intervals of about "X 50-80 centimeters along the length of the support or partition. In addition, Fig. 2 shows how similar brackets are attached to the bottom of the adjacent partition. · V. '* 25 and the supporting structures at the bottom of the enclosed mold space.

Figs. 3a-3b show schematically but in a slightly earlier detail. , more particularly, a plastic body 30 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, such as can be used in principle to provide both a window aperture and a door aperture in the element. Essential to the plastic body 30 is that the body has a uniform structure and consists essentially of a material having a thermal expansion property, preferably the plastic body is made of a metal or plastic material. One preferred material can be aluminum having a ratio of • «· X | it is quite easy to mold the tubular profile of your choice and also the slick profile

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Preferably, the sliding is effected via a flexible sealing material such that a slight longitudinal movement between the joints of the plastics piece is allowed at the joints, which is required for the plastic piece to be deformed. According to a further embodiment, this longitudinal movement of the chords is made possible by imposing, at the joints of the chords 5, special corners made of, for example, rubber and / or metal, in the angular areas of the plastic piece. Thus, it is typical for a plastic body according to the final embodiment of the invention, firstly, to be made of a profile having two substantially parallel sides 32 and 34 which are positioned against the side of the paper mold against the side or partition walls, preferably not. which is mounted on the inner surface of the plastic body 30 and a fourth side 38 which forms the outer surface of the plastic body 30 against which the concrete is cast.

This page 38 is characterized by providing a suitable release P in the plastic body 30 as required, either as the angle of inclination of the page 38 or as a measure of the length of the page 38 indented. This release P is needed mainly because, when most of the elements are tilted in the plastic state when they are released, the edge of the opening formed by the plastic element in the element VI moves slightly in the vertical direction, whereby the plastic element 30 is only released from the element. the unit has a sufficiently high emission. On the other hand, release is also needed for architectural ·· »* reasons because the sides of the window openings of the element are to open outwards.

. , ·, Typically, the emission is about 5-8 mm for elements 100-150 mm thick. Mi- • * ·; if the lower emission P or the element mentioned above is to be thicker, • · ·! "* 25 is considering the cooling of the plastic body 30. In practical tests, it is noticeable that the element temperature is about 40-50 ° in the element removal step. C, • · The cool, non-aluminum plastic is cooled to 20-40 ° C so that it shrinks enough to remove the element from the plastic without the plastic or • • • '*]' * being removed from the support or partition. at its simplest, conventional cool water • · **; · * 30 conduction water is sufficient to suitably shrink the plastic body. Another cooling medium of interest is the so-called carbonic ice, by which the plastic body could be noticeably reduced more than water alone. however: if it is a door mold that extends to the bottom of the paper mold, it is a * m · | The lower arch is preferably of a cross-sectional area in which there is no · · · 35 work or the SiVe discharge is compensated by a filler so that there is no unnecessary gap between the lower arch and the lower end.

Among other things, because of the possibility of cooling, the plastic body 30 according to this embodiment of the invention is characterized by an open, circumferential structure which allows for the import and recycling of a cooling medium, most commonly used tap water, within the plastic body. This can be accomplished, for example, as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, by providing two wires 40 and 42 to the plastic body 30, one of which (40) is provided with cooling water to the plastic body 30 and the other (42) to allow water to escape. In this case, it is preferable to arrange between the opening points of the conduits 40 and 42 in the plastic body 30 an inner partition 44 which guides the water to circulate in the plastic body 30 as efficiently as possible. This partition is advantageously arranged in the joint of the plastic body 30 when either of these is used. Another way is to trace the cooling body supply pipe 15 only to the plastic body 30, whereby the plastic body 30 can be filled with water, the water cannot be recovered unless the SiVen water inlet pipe is extended to the bottom of the plastic body so that water cannot be sucked out. Of course, there is a venting duct or duct in the plastic body from which the originally air inside the block 30 can be vented so that it is not completely filled with water.

20, (0016) In addition, all of the above alternatives have a noticeable non-plastic body provided with a means for removing coolant from the plastic body after the element has been removed. This means may be one or more holes in the plastic • • # lower arch, which are closed either by an opening plug or «· · * 25, which is closed by concrete when cured. The hole may also be located on the surface 32 of the plastic body 32, whereby it opens to release water from the plastic body therein.

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*** when moving the retaining wall or partition from the plastic body. This means may also be a pipe leading out of the plastic piece from the lower trunk, which is either drained or sucked out by the coolant, referred to in the previous paragraph.

! -: 30 «: V: (0017) It should be noted from Fig. 4a that the profile of the molded part is shown in greater detail so that the structure according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention may not be viewed in detail. · · * 1 'I fairer. In other words, the edges or ribs 48 of the profile material itself or the ribs 46 of any other suitable material are provided at the edges of the parallel lateral planes 32 and 34 of the profile. These 119504 8 are intended to seal the plastic piece 30 and the parallel the spacing of the supporting or partition walls in the radiator mold so that no concrete can flow between the plastic body and the surface of said wall. The material of the protrusion 46 may be, for example, a suitable plastic or rubber.

Fig. 5 shows a solution according to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention relating to the plastic body 30, for example, for solving an airflow problem below the window opening. In this solution, at least the lower trunk 50 of the plastic body 30 is provided with flow paths 52 'and 52' for air, so that it can exit in a controlled manner below the plastic body 30. In practice, non-essential, the flow paths are arranged along the protrusions 46 or 48, depending on which type is used, making the recesses needed for the protrusions. In other words, the flow paths may also be grooves or transverse depressions made on the upper and / or lower trunk of the plastic body. Preferably, said flow paths 52 'and 52 "are arranged on the side 32 of the plastic body 30 15 which is higher due to the discharge P, whereby all the air below the plastic body 30 is discharged and the casting is of the highest possible quality. In other words, the air is first discharged into the interior of the plastic body 30 and then through the corresponding flow paths arranged above the plastic body 30 in the upper chord of the plastic body 30. Usually, this deactivation and other venting procedures do not need to be done. However, if it is suspected that the concrete has time to cover. ·. air passages above the plastic body 30 before the air bubble below the plastic body * · · 30 has emptied, it is possible, for example, to provide a tube 56 of about 20 mm in diameter either from the top of the plastic body 30 upwardly or · , already to the air passages 52 'and 52' of the plastic trunk 30 * "* 25 on the lower trunk 50. The air flow paths described above are ·, “advantageous to provide, for example, in the width direction of the window aperture, at least in its central area, where the air is most difficult to escape. In the case of a uniform window and door mold, the flow paths to the air should be arranged at least at the corners of the window and door molds, although it is advantageous to provide a plurality of · · * ··· * shoot the flow paths across the entire width of the window opening. The pipes in question may either be frozen: *: *: in place during the curing of the casting, or may be removed as well before casting: '**; koveVumista. The only thing that matters is that the pipes are in place for as long as they are • open *. the air bubble underneath the cone allows the pipes to escape. If necessary, you may not even consider arranging a suction at the top of the exhaust ducts, whereby the filling of the lower part of the plastic • ·· * * 35 could even be thought of as accelerating.

9 119504 (0019) Air can also be removed from underneath the plastic piece by making one or more holes in the lower piece of the plastic piece so that the air enters one of the cavities inside the plastic piece and one or more holes from which the air escapes from the cavity. The air outlet hole (s) can also be replaced by a coolant feed line through which the air is discharged smoothly.

Yet another way of treating air exhaust from below the plastic piece is to provide either the entire plastic piece, or preferably its upper and lower bar, or at least a portion of the lower and / or upper chord of the plastic piece slightly in the range 1-15 mm, preferably 2-10 mm. , more preferably 2-5 mm, depending on the granularity and viscosity of the concrete used, the distance between the support and / or partitions (element thickness), which also corresponds to the thickness of the end and / or spacers, allowing air to escape from the plastic body and support and / or from the gap between the partition first to the interior space of the plastic piece and later from the above space to the gap between the upper chord 15 and the wall. The gap between the plastic body and the wall may be of a width or only part of the length of the plastic body or may consist of several spaced apart gaps. It is also noticeable that such a gap is also understood to refer to the surface quality of the plastic body, possibly also to other surface properties such as curvature or twist, as if the surface quality or therefore readability of the side or sides of the plastic body contacting the support and / or *, · it is sufficiently coarse, the air can escape just as there are holes, openings, or pipes arranged specifically for this purpose. Of course, it is also clear that these are not **; • venting slots can be combined with other venting devices, such as, for example, pipes to pass air through the lower trench into the inner cavity of the • • piece and to allow the slots to pass further or vice versa.

• · ***** As a particularly advantageous option, the removal of air from the lower part of the plastic body is worthwhile mentioning just the arrangement of the upper and lower limbs of the plastic body, somewhat thinner than the end and / or intermediate ends, the required clearance is created exactly where it is needed, and the pack side: *: *: side bends at the end and / or intermediate sections ensure that the distance between the support and partitions remains the same • · · ***: Mana across the width of the mold space.

»··« · ♦ · * • · ·! When a special sealing member (e.g., ribs 46 and 48 of Figures 4 and 5) is used between the at least one chord of the plastic body and the spout mold support walls (for example, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5), which is naturally preferable, Arrangement of the molded part 1 9504, it is expedient to arrange a deaeration from the space below the plastic part to the said sealing member. For example, it is possible for the sealing member to be followed by one or more thinner points from which air may flow past the seal. Such thinning may leave a gap between either the sealing member and the partition or support wall of the 5 mold molds or between the sealing member and the chord of the plastic body. It is, of course, also possible to provide a flow port for air in the sealing member itself.

For example, the casting of a window wall in a press mold is carried out in the following manner according to the method and installation of the invention. The lower edge 10 of the mold 10 is adjusted to the correct height as shown in Figure 2 so that the miVa between the upper surface of the lower edge 10 and the upper edge of the support or partition 20, 22 corresponds to the desired height of the element. Thereafter, the mold space transducers are locked at the end portion measured at the position determined by the longitudinal dimension of the element. Thereafter, in Figures 3a to 5, the plastic piece 30 of the brochure 15, which may be a window or door shape, but also not a common one for each, is attached, for example, by magnets to the support or partition 20, 22 of the mold. If the vent pipe 56 is used in connection with the plastic piece 30, they will naturally be positioned at this point. The same must be done with cooling water pipes 40, 42 or pipe 40. Preferably, said tubes 40, 42, 56 are supported on a support or partition 20, 22 so that they cannot enter or fall or become detached during casting. Next, the paper mold moving partition 22 is pressed against the bottom space boundary 10, the spacer, the end edges, and one or more of the plastic pieces 30, followed by the above brochure until the desired number of plastic spaces is formed. Finally, the PAPER SHAPE * · ·: 25 is tightened together by moving the movable / movable retaining wall (s) to the fixed retaining wall • *: ** so that casting can be performed. The casting is performed on each of the plastic spaces e * · • · ***** separately and preferably so that the concrete is cast on both sides of the plastic body 30, whereby the plastic body 30 is subjected to the same pressure on both sides, and the plastic body 30 remains in place. Preferably, the concrete mold is used in the pulverized mold, which develops heat in the curing reaction, whereby the evaporation of water from the casting and thus e; *** also accelerates the cure of the element.

* * ·· • · • · e # ·. \ (0023) Once the elements have hardened, the dismantling of the mold, i.e. the removal of the finished elements from the mold spaces, is effected by using a plastic mold of the type described above. The tension between the retaining walls is released, and either before or after releasing said tension, the first element from the movable retaining wall, π 119504, is initially secured, primarily for safety reasons, to prevent the element from tipping when moving the retaining or partition. Next, or not as a first or second step, in the case where the mold body 30 is to be cooled, at least one cooling pipe 40 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is connected to a cooling water supply hose that leads from the mold body to the outside. After the plastic piece 30 is filled with water, the cooling water supply hose is disconnected and can be moved even to the cooling of the mold piece in the next mold space, i.e. the flow connection with the cooling tube 10 of the said plastic piece. The movable support wall is then manually or mechanically moved away from the element so that the necessary working space remains between the element and the movable support wall. Next, the lower end of the element is moved at least partially by its lower edge 10 away from the partition to which the plastic body 30 is fastened, substantially by the thickness of the element, the upper end of the element being moved in the same direction by a crane and lifted. This should easily be done so that the plastic piece 30 remains in place in the partition. The above procedure is repeated until all elements have been removed from the battery.

20 (0024) Another basic option when the retaining wall or partition is j. open, at the same time lightly steer the top of the element away from the partition with a crane * while lifting the elements lightly so that the element tilts upwards ···. reaches the side, detaches itself from the plastic body, slides on its lower end with the underside: about its thickness from the partition wall, and can then be lifted completely • · · * 25 out of the plastic space.

(0025) In a method according to another preferred embodiment of the invention. . the plastic piece is secured to the surface of the movable support wall or movable partition when the plastic space is opened while the bottom of the plastic space is fixed in the fixed partition • · *; and the element VIi rests on the bottom and crane adjacent to the second bulkhead or support wall, from which it can be lifted up without any sidewalls. The ease with which a piece of plastic becomes detached from the element can be influenced by • · ·, ·. : mm. the size of the release, the flexibility of the bends in the plastic body, • ·· 35 surface quality of the plastic body, the quality of the coating, the use of cooling and the power of cooling. In other words, for example, a release of 5 millimeters with a 100 mm thick element 119504 12, with the surface of the mold body being very smooth, ensures that the plastic body comes out of the element without cooling. This alternative is made particularly advantageous by the fact that the element and the plastic body are displaced parallel to each other, whereby no vertical displacements occur. If cooling of the mold piece is required in this embodiment, it must be done by one or more tubes because the plastic piece is not exposed before it is detached from the element.

In a method according to a third embodiment of the invention, the movable retaining wall is removed from the element and only afterwards the cooling water 10 is supplied to the plastic body 30. Thus, in this embodiment, only a hole from which the cooling water can be fed into the plastic body. However, in Fig. 4a the tube 40 may also be used. Otherwise, the batteries will be removed as described above.

If, in accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower edges of the plastic space are secured to the support or partition wall which is moved to open the plastic space and the plastic body to its non-movable support or partition side, cooling is provided. and Fig. 4b using the cooling solution, since there is no other way to get the plastic to cool before it is exposed. The other option is, of course, so great. release in the plastic piece 30, e. It leaves the element without cooling. In its advantages * · · and other operating principles, this embodiment corresponds to the embodiment "] · in Chapter 23. If, on the other hand, the plastic body 30 is attached to the movable support or partition wall", cooling may be effected by either of the methods described above.

• · · * 25 Similarly, removing an element can only be done without moving the element either

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from the top or bottom of the element or both at the same time to the side by • element thickness before the elementVi can be lifted completely.

As another alternative to the detachable element space, it is possible to track the means at the top of each mold space, which are preferably used simultaneously with the bottom of the mold to move the element away from the support or partition wall. . This allows the element to remain at all times parallel to the support or partition. In this case, you need:! \ Release or the need for the plastic body to be cooled or otherwise • •. ·. : The contraction is substantially less than in the situations described above where the lower or upper ends of the · · · 35 elements are displaced laterally with the opposite end in place.

Further, it should be noted that the mold body according to the invention can also be constructed so that when its extreme width is needed to reduce the element from the mold body, such reduction is done mechanically. In this case, for example, the members for resilient elasticity of the plastic body described in paragraph 13 may be utilized. Namely, it is possible and in fact easy to arrange between the opposite sides of the plastic piece, tension rods disposed in the longitudinal direction or at opposite angles of each chord, by tightening slightly the sealing material or rubber portions arranged on the plastic piece. In other words, if the chords are joined to each other by a flexible compressible connection, it is preferable to pull the opposing chords towards each other. If, on the other hand, the elastic joint is located somewhere between the ends of the chords, in addition to the above-mentioned alternative, each chord may itself be tightened 15 shorter or pulled at the corners of the plastic body crosswise. If, on the other hand, the chords are attached to each other by means of separate elastic corner pieces, the plastic piece can be reduced either by pulling the opposite sides of the chords towards one another or by pulling the opposite corner pieces towards each other.

20 (0030) It is still worth noting that this is not the easiest way to allow the element to be detached. In the plastic space, in practice, the detachment of the plastic body from the element is made of • m plastic material, which shrinks as the temperature rises, i.e., material with a negative coefficient of thermal expansion. Such materials include, but are not limited to, many mixtures of tungsten / molybdenum, zirconium / hafnium, and oxygen. The starting point for action is when the element hardens at the casting temperature. .. at which point, for example, the window aperture already gets its shape and shape, the temperature and • · element in the plastic body rises, thereby expanding the element as the temperature rises, the plastic at the same time also shrinks, if • · · the plastic body is made of material that shrinks With sufficient temperature rise, • · **; · * 30, it is possible to remove the element from the plastic space in the usual way, even without cooling or ejecting, or mechanically reducing the plastic piece.

• · · e • i ···:! ·. From the foregoing, it should be noted that there are only a few preferred embodiments of the invention, which are not intended in any way to limit the invention as set forth in the appended claims, which alone determine the invention. scope of protection. Thus, it is clear that the venting of the underside of the plastic body 119504 14 can also take place through the interior of the mold body, i.e. the interior of the tubular profile, whereby the same means as for the introduction of the coolant can be used. In other words, during casting, the hole in the lower bend of the mold piece acts as a flow of air together with the pipe leading out of the upper bend. After hardening and sealing the Beto-5 n, the coolant hole coolant can be brought from the upper barrel tube to the plastic piece and removed from the lower barrel hole of the mold after the element has been removed and the lower barrel hole cleaned.

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Claims (16)

119504 A method for making a concrete element with an opening in a radiator mold, wherein the method comprises forming a mold or so-called radiator mold. between the support (20) and the intermediate walls (22) by providing at least one of the lower space (10) and end ends (12 ', 12 ") of the mold space with said walls (20, 22) and at least one plastic piece (30) and pouring the concrete into the mold space to form the element, characterized in that air is removed from the space beneath the plastic piece (30) leaving the opening during casting by means (52 ', 10 52', 56) of plastic material (30). 2. Blood mold so-called. a molded plastic body for forming a hole 15, characterized in that it is used to remove air from the lower opening of said element through the formation of a concrete member comprising at least one or , said plastic piece (30) is provided with venting means (52 ', 52 ", 56). Plastic body according to Claim 2, characterized in that the mold-shaped body (30) consists of a tubular profile closed at its periphery. «· · • · ·» M 4. Plastic body according to Claim 3, characterized in that it is not mentioned. The profile consists of two substantially parallel sides (32, 34) and are • •:. the other two sides (36, 38). ··· f ·· 25 * ", ···, 5. Plastic piece according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the plastic piece (30) is rectangular and consists of an upper and a lower curve with a (a) and two lateral curves. e ti »e ♦ • · Plastic article according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterized in that said deaeration means are flow paths (52 ', 52 ") arranged on the surface of the plastic piece (30), special pipes arranged in connection with the plastic piece (30). :. *. (56) or holes, grooves or recesses in the chords of the plastic piece (30). ··· · • · e · · • ·· *, Ä 1 1 9504 Äο Plastic body according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterized in that sealing means (46,48) are provided for sealing the plastic body (30) with respect to said support or partition (20, 22) in connection with the plastic body (30). A plastic body according to claim 7, characterized in that flow conduits (52 ', 52') are provided in connection with said sealing members (46, 48) to vent air beneath the plastic body (30) during casting. A plastic body according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said deaeration means consist of thinnings left in the sealing members (46, 48) to leave a clearance between the sealing member and said support or partition (20, 22). The plastic body according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said deaeration means consist of thinnings arranged in the sealing members (46, 48) to leave a clearance between the sealing member and said plastic body (30). Plastic body according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said venting means consist of flow openings arranged in sealing members (46, 48). 20 A plastic body according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 6, characterized in that said deaeration means consist of a clearance between the plastic body (30) and said support or partition wall (20, 22). t · i · t • * · · »· i e ·! * · * 25 The plastic body according to claim 12, characterized in that said gap is formed by one or more gaps between the plastic body (30) and said support or partition wall (20, 22). • · • * · · · · · ** Plastic body according to Claim 12, characterized in that at least φ 30 one of the chords of the plastic body (30) is arranged thinner than said ends. and / or spacers (12 ', 12'). «· # * M • · · • · · T | 15. A plastic body according to any one of the preceding claims 2-6, characterized in that said venting means also include the pin-35 nanoparticle quality of the plastic body (30). 17, 1 9504 Mold body according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 15, characterized in that said deaeration means arranged in the mold body (30) are used at least in part for introducing and / or removing the cooling medium from the mold body (30). ♦ • * · · M M • M M M e e M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M I M I I M M M I I M I M M M M M I M M ·· • e • · • • • * * ♦ e · e · • • e 4r • «• · · · ♦ e tee e · ee • ee • • e • • eee · e ·· · ee •. eenee 18 1 1 9504