FI117817B - Method and apparatus for clearing a forest plant stock - Google Patents

Description

117817

Method and apparatus for clearing seedlings.

The present invention relates to a method for clearing forest seedlings according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a device for clearing forest seedlings according to the preamble of claim 4.

10 Currently, the predominant method of forestry is the use of ready-made seedlings grown in greenhouses for about 2-3 years and then planted in the field. These seedlings start to grow well, but birch, alder and aspen also tend to grow around them. When the height of the spruce or pine tree is about 70-15 100 cm, these useless deciduous deciduous trees surrounding the conifers and which are detrimental to the growth of conifers should be removed, thus allowing the seedlings to grow. This is called "sprouting" of the seedling.

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If all the birch and alder algae are removed, 20 fast dense rhizomes will be formed, which will reach and exceed no. the height of the newly planted seedlings suppressing the growth of the seedlings.

* * * "· / In the perforation, the abovementioned rhizome will be cleared by cutting off the water or similar harmful plants from a radius of about one meter from the area around the trout * * ·; ·. Birches and algae remaining outside the clearing circle 25 slow the emergence of new sapwood around the trout, while slightly shadowing the sapling, giving it a boost in height so that it does not become a very knotty tree. there are no shady pines, Ί 30 have become very knotty, so the wood value drops below half of the normal *: · *, ···.

I.I.It is currently only possible to perform hole punching reliably with a clearing saw as a man's job. However, this method is too 2 117817 heavy and expensive work and therefore cannot be generalized as a hole punching method.

Mechanical clearing done on roads, for example, is too inaccurate and a lot of growing plants would be destroyed if used. These clearers have rotary blades like a lawnmower, so it also requires an efficient chassis machine to work with. Most other equipments intended for similar use cut with either a saw blade or a lever blade, such as lawn mowers. However, such a cutting method requires a fairly efficient basic machine because the hydraulic power required by the rotating blades is f.

large.

15

With the clearing device disclosed in EP 1 157605, each tree is cut individually so the clearing is very slow, apparently intended for trees with a diameter of 5 to 10 cm, i.e. not for the actual hole punching but mainly for thinning of young trees. At the same time during surgery, be careful not to. , trees left to grow will be damaged.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a seedling clearance method and a method according to the present invention for carrying out a clearing of a nursery • 2: 25 in a safe, safe manner. , to damage the seedlings left to grow - · ·· • · .1 · 2. and clearing must be fast and therefore economically viable.

• 2 · · · ♦ .- · 3: The above drawbacks are overcome and the above objectives 1 ··· ♦ 30 are achieved by a method according to the invention and by a device according to the method characterized by what is defined. In the characterization sections of claims 1 and 4.

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* · 2 • · 3 3 117817

The invented device is mainly intended for deforestation (cutting of saplings), which cuts the leaves of deciduous trees (ordinary birch, alder or aspen) around 5 pine or spruce stands planted and grown for about 7 years and about 70-100 cm tall. .

Advantages of the invented device can be mentioned that the device is an attachment mounted on the loaders of 10 medium-sized agricultural or peat production tractors, forestry tractors and log harvesters, which extends the field of application of these machines and enables the use of these machines for clearing coniferous trees.

This will expand and improve access to these machines. The device can increase the annual effective operating hours of these machines and thus add value to the machines. Farmers, and especially ί peat production contractors, have little work in the fall, winter and spring seasons, so they can be well used for> 1 20 such deforestation. The machine is most preferably mounted on the hydraulic loader booms or • · · · booms of the above machines, in place of the grapple, tipping harvester head or other device. »*: * T> The invented device is simple in design, making it • reliable, low maintenance and inexpensive to manufacture.

25 The machine removes seedlings and plants * * around the trout that will be left in one job for fast machining. Using the i • · * is quick to learn and quick to use. Device; ; ·. is a guide ring for the seedling to facilitate the unit • · · · ***; guidance on trout. The steering wheel presses against the ground, resulting in * * * *. 30 prevents the unit from sliding to the ground, which prevents • · · * ¥ * users from looking out for any unevenness in the ground or • · • · other obstacles such as rocks, ie there is no risk of breakage. It has been investigated that when a relatively long stump, e.g., 20 to 30 cm, is left when clearing • e · '·. · *, New growth from the strain 4' 117817 begins. watering much slower than if the tree to be removed had been cut off near the ground. It is clear that the use of the present invention achieves great overall economic benefits.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention mounted on a boom of a hydraulic loader or other similar implement, viewed perpendicular to the side.

f.

Fig. 2 shows the device of Fig. 1, viewed from a vertical plane, in Fig. 15 the cutting blade is in the basic position, i.e. retracted into the fixed counter blades, with the blades superimposed.

Fig. 3 shows a device according to Figs. 1 and 2, viewed perpendicular to the top, in the figure the cutting blade is drawn with a broken line and

20 turned 20 degrees to the cutting direction (the direction of the arrow), the blade has already begun to cut close to the center when the blade is rotated * * * • · · · add it wraps around the more (to the counter) the lower and upper blade inside, • * At the end of the surgery the cutting blade is rotated to the counter • when all the seedlings, chives or other plants in the cutting openings have been cut off and the desired seedling or other • *. ***. Clearing has been carried out around the plant.

t »*:. ·. Fig. 4 shows the device according to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, * · «·. * · * In the figure. a fixed lower blade which at the same time forms the support structures i · · «· *. 30 lower body, fixed upper blade constituting the upper body of the device with support structures · * · "II, and a movable cutting blade, viewed in the cutting direction of the« * • · "* blade, Figure 4 shows the lower and upper fixed and - and top blade (top and bottom) • · · ♦ ... · and moving blade.

5, 117817

Fig. 5 shows another device according to the invention having a fixed lower blade which at the same time with the support structures forms the lower body of the device and a rotating or movable overhead blade, and a fixed lower blade (lower stop) and a movable cutting blade.

Fig. 6 shows the device 10 according to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the clearing work, the figure is a seedling around which the cutting takes place and the trees and hedges are cut off.

Figure 7 shows the device according to Figures 1,2, 3, 4 and 6; from the side and from the top.

15

The figures have the following parts. Lower blade \, upper blade 2, cutting blade 3, seedling opening 4, guide ring 5, guide plates 6, support frame 7, pivot rotator 8 (pivoting device), securing boom 9, pivoting cylinder 10, guillotine stop 11, adjusting ring 12 and 13 and cutting aperture 17.

The figures further show the sapling to be kept 14, the trees to be cleared,! : seedlings of water and plants numbered 15 and 16.

According to the invented method, a device is an entity which,; placed on top of a trout or other plant so that one: \ 25 or more seedlings or plants 14 to be retained come from one or • m: *** of the plant. 15 and ·· ** 16 coming from one or more cutting openings 17 around one or more seedling openings 4.

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Cutting (clearing) takes place in one or * · · 30 of the device's cutting openings 17, and that the seedling or other plant * 14 around which the clearing is located is always protected by the seedling opening 4.

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Further, according to the method of the invention, the extra * ··· * seedlings or plants 15 and 16 to be removed are preferably cut in one 117817;> 6.6 J cutting operation using one or more cutting blades.

• Ί 5 Preferably, one or more of the cutting openings 17 of the device are cut by means of a guillotine or scissors.

The device is an assembly which is placed on top of a seedling or other plant 10 so that the seedling 14 or plant to be retained emerges from the seedling opening 4 of the device and the cutlets, hay, etc. 15 and 16 emerge from one or more cutting openings 17 around the seedling opening. 4 around f radially.

15

The cutting (clearing) is performed on the inside of the device by a guillotine or scissor principle such that the cutting blade 3 rotatably attached to the orifice 4 is rotated by means of known techniques, e.g. * · · · Around its center (seedling opening 4) through a chain or similar.

The cutting blade 3 presses the plants to be cut across the fixed counter blade *: ** as it rotates about its center. During cutting, the seedling: * ·. · 25 or other plant 14 around which the clearing is kept is always protected: ***: in the seedling opening 4.

· »* • With the help of the device, M« ·; *** around the whole single trout or plant 14; the area to be cleared will be cleared (treated) at one time and not • ** 30. it is necessary to move the device when clearing the environment of the said trout or plant 14 ·· * so that the seedling or plant 14 is not at risk of damage ”· * during the clearing and that no noise or ♦ · · blades are produced.

• * j ^ * can fly blades due to lack of fast rotating 117817 7. . i

The device shown in the figures is a circular top view and somewhat resembles an old-fashioned wheelchair wheel, whereby the spacing of the surfaces 5 would be cutting openings 17, the wheelchair wheels would have to be at least two superimposed on one another to rotate; In contrast to the aforementioned wheelchair wheel, in the center of the device is a tubular 10 seedling opening 4, which has a diameter dependent on the seedling to be cleared, but is preferably 60 cm for 70-100 cm long pine or spruce plants. If the entire deck is 2.1 m in diameter, can 3.6 '£ be cleared around the trout in one cut? square meter area. Em. most preferably, one or more of the lower blades 1 and 15 of the device are round and the blade 3 of one or more of blades 3 is also most preferably circular, and that the inner periphery of the blades 1, 2 and 3 has a orifice 4 of said blades rotatably bearing. Between the seedling opening 4 and the periphery of the blades 1, 2 and 3, there is one or more cutting openings 20 17, which are formed such that% f; * of said blades; 1, 2, and 3, the inner * and outer periphery are connected to each other by spacers which, when moved against each other, form cutting surfaces.

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• ··: ··; The support structure of the fixed lower blade 1 of the cutting device is shaped such that ** J 25 has bevelled surfaces (with guide plates 6).

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The baffles 6 guide the blades or other plants to be cut into the cutting openings 17, which prevent them from flattening e.g.

•; *; 4 and 5. That is, ***; the baffles 6 have a V-shaped structure formed underneath the lower blade 1 with the pointed tip of V facing downwards. On the outside and # * 111 of the device, the baffles 6 are inclined so that they * ♦ • »“ * guide the cutting aperture 17 inwardly, i.e., the lower surfaces of the outside and inside * * · · ϊ · ί l are half V-shaped, on the outer periphery, the side of the side V is • ♦ · • · * · .. * on the outer surface of the periphery and the side of the side V is on the inner circumference, 8 117817 as shown in Figures 4 and 5. The lower blade 1 together with the bevelled guide plates 6 form part of the body 5 of the device.

Figures 4 and 5 show two solutions for constructing the cutter.

Fig. 4 shows a solution in which the lower 1 and the upper blade 2 are not (in spite of their names, the so-called blades against which the cutting blade 3 cuts, in this solution the rotatable rotating cutting blade 3 is disposed between the fixed lower 1 and the upper blade 2 4, the cutting blade 3 is in the basic position as in Figure 2. The cutting blade 3 moves to the left of the image plane (direction arrow) over the cutting aperture and cuts the blades or hay against the edges of the solid blades 1 and 2 on the left.

20 In Fig. 5, the lower blade 1 is fixed with a -¾ •> • cutting blade 3. In the partial view of Fig. 5, the blade cross-section in A - A, • · * 2 The blade 3 is in the basic position as in Fig. 2. (directional arrow) · ...: Above the cutting hole and cut the blades or hay across the left ΐ: 25 against the edge of the fixed lower blade 1. Such a so-called.

• * · * • ·. ***. Saw-like cutting is better when there are just * · · thin twigs or grass, because the clearance between the blades must be very small so that the material to be cut is not wedged between the blades. · ··· l

It is easiest to adjust the sharpness when there are only 2 blades.

··· 30 ·· #

Each cutting opening has 1 or 2 counter blades on top of each other, and i: * 1 * 1 moving or rotating cutting blades (parts 1, 2 and 3 in Figures 4 and 5).

• · · • * «ί.ί: Veses or the like are cross-sectioned using the scissor-cutting method M · • · *. *. * With 1 counter blade and 1 movable blade as in Fig. 5, parts 9.

117817 1 and 3, or the guillotine cutting method if there are 2 fixed counter blades and 1 movable blade between them as in Figures 4 parts 5 1, 2 and 3.

Figures 2, 3 and 7 show a thick wood cutter located on the outside of the device, with a side projection on the outside of the cutting blade 3 for cutting thicker trees on the target if necessary. The side projection is an integral part of the cutting blade 3, so it has the same part number as the blade. The side projection of the cutting blade 3 cuts against the guillotine stop 11, the guillotine stop 11 being fixed on the lower 1 or upper blade 2, or both, on their side, on the top or under τ. The use of this cleavage guillotine is sporadic and is needed when there are individual thicker trees left in the clearing area that are detrimental to the growth of the seedling.

At the lower end of the tubular seedling opening 4 of the device is a guide ring 5 for the trout (plant). The device can be lowered to the ground by this guide ring <- · & 20 5 during cutting. The guide ring 5 also helps the device *. , as it is lowered over the trout 14. In the figures, the guide ring 5 preferably consists of a circle of a metal tube, which is supported by a metal bar at the lower end of the seedling opening 4 * * · ·.

The device has a support frame 7 for attaching it directly to the boom 9 of the machine * or to its pivoting rotator 8.

Fig. 5 shows the adjustable adjusting rings 12 and 13 fixed to the fixed lower blade 1, adjustable rings 12 and 13 of the movable cutting blade 3,) ** the peripheral sharpening adjusting ring 12 is attached to the lower blade 1 • · ·:., 4 * to the outer edge and inside of the movable cutting blade 3, the adjusting ring 13 is secured to the inner periphery of the lower blade 1, which also has a mounting bracket 7 for the device, Em.

* · · '10 117817 lowering the adjusting rings 12 and 13 reduces the sharpness.

Figures 4 and 5 show how a widening corresponding to the outer circumference of the tubular seedling opening 4 is made at the inner edge of the cutting blade 3, forming a sliding bearing between them to allow movement of the cutting blade 3.

10 The device may be circular with the same circular cutting blade 3, or angular with separate cutting blades 3. However, the separate cutting blades 3 may be connected together so that they function in the same way as one fixed circular blade, or each can be individually controlled.

15

The working energy of the blade is easiest to obtain by a hydraulic cylinder (pivot cylinder 10 in the figures) or a hydraulic motor, but it is also possible to use a pneumatic cylinder (pneumatic energy) or a pneumatic motor. The transfer or rotation 20 of the blade can also be performed mechanically by means of wire or chain transmission.

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Most preferably, all parts of the invented device can be manufactured from known metals by known methods. i • 44f * • ·. . 25 • · · 4 * · I. / The unit is operated as follows. • Remove the grapple, • feller head, or similar device from the loader, then. , the unit is easily and quickly mounted. The machine does not require a • · · "11 / very large base machine, but a standard Farm Tractor and its • · * 1 * 30 loader are enough. Also, the hydraulics do not require very large ♦ ♦♦ changes.

• «4 • · • · 4 4 4 i: *: Clearing is done so that the unit is lowered onto the trout: 1; as shown in Figures 6 and 7, when the trout 14 comes from the central opening 444 117817 π and the clearing hives or hay 15 and 16 come from the cutting openings 17 (radial openings) when the cutting blade 3 or blades are rotated or otherwise respectively moved the ascended crows or other plants 1 are cut across by a guillotine or scissors, against a counter blade.

10 The blade is returned to its home position after cutting by the return movement of the pivoting cylinders 10 if the cylinders are used to effect blade movement.

A hydraulic motor or other of the above-mentioned 15 solutions for transferring the blade can also be used, whereby the blade is rotated by means of a gear wheel in one direction at a time, without the need for a return movement. However, in this case, a separate cutting device must be provided for thicker trees.

It will be obvious to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many modifications are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined in the appended claims. that only the clearing of spruce and pine has been described above, but the device can be used for clearing all kinds of saplings, as long as the person using the clearing device only separates the trout to be left out of the clearing seedlings.

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Claims (10)

117817 A method for clearing a forest seedling, comprising cutting off the removal and / or plants (15, 16) around the seedling (14) to be cultivated, which is placed on at least one cultivated seedling (14) such that the seedling (14) to be grown fitting at least one seed opening (4) in the device, characterized in that the seedlings and / or plants (15, 16) to be removed fit into at least one cutting opening (17) around the seedling (4) 10 and that the seedlings and / or plants 15, 16) is cut by cutting off the seedlings and / or plants to be removed with at least one cutting blade (3) included in the clearing device, which is moved in the cutting openings (17) of the device. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the seedlings and / or plants (15, 16) to be removed are cut in one cutting motion. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the seedlings and / or plants (15. 16) to be removed are cut with a cutting blade (3) operating on guillotine or scissors. j • · • 1 ·, -. :: 5 A device for clearing a forest seedling, comprising: a support frame (7) for supporting the device, at least one · ··· '# attached to the support frame. *. ty actuator blade (3) for removal of seedlings and / or plants • 1. . 25 (15, 16) and at least one seedling opening (4) attached to the support frame (7) to protect the growing seedling (14) during cutting, characterized in that the device includes at least one seedling opening (4). around the cutting opening (17) for removal of seedlings and / or plants (15, 16) • · 1 • · ·. ···. , and that at least one cutting blade (3) is provided in the 1 notch holes • · * 1 1 ·. 30 (17) for moving to cut off seedlings and / or plants (15, 16) fitted in the cutting opening. • 1 • 1 · • L * • 1 · · · Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the cutting blade: • 1 1 '* «1 1' (3) is a guillotine or scissor-driven blade. 117817 Device according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the device comprises at least one circular cutting blade rotatable with its actuator (10) about its center, which comprises an inner periphery of a size of the seedling opening (4) and extending mainly to the outer edge of the cutting openings (17). and that the cutting blades (3) for cutting the seedlings and / or plants (15, 16) to be removed are sharp intermediate edges between the inner and outer periphery. A device according to claim 6, characterized in. 11a, characterized in that the device <comprises at least one fixed blade (1, 2) similar to a cutting blade (3), and that the seedling opening (4) is located inside the inner frames of the counter blades (1, 2) and the cutting blade (3); the cutting openings (17) being openings delimited by the inner and outer peripheries of the counter blades h (1, 2) and the intermediate supports. 15 ' Device according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the seedling opening (4) is a tubular part attached at its upper part to a support frame (7), bearing at least one cutting blade (3) and at least one counter blade (1.2). ), and that the lower edge of the seedling opening (4) includes a guide ring (5) for guiding the seedling (14) to be grown in the seedling opening. • 1 • · · t · · · 1 · Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the device comprises one cutting blade (3) mounted on its inner circumference in the seedling opening (4) and a top knife (2) and * ♦ t / 1 fixed above the seedling opening (4). A lower counter blade (1) attached to the seedling opening (4) below 25. * 1 · • · • · ·· 1 Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that baffles (6) for removal of seedlings and / or plants (15, 16) in an oblique position • 1 1 • 1 * ··· 1 are attached to the underside of the lower blade (1). • _ 30 to guide the cutting openings (17). · 1 • · • · ··· ***** • · · 1 * · * · 117817