FI112619B - Laminated Timber Construction - Google Patents

Description

112619

Liimapuurakenne

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a glued beams structure for the production of glued boards and beams comprising at least two overlapping structural members, i.e. glued beams, each of which has a transverse profile having a rectangular receiving surface and a a surface facing another gripping surface of the respective structural member, and which gripping surface is shaped 10 to be substantially corrugated.

Background of the Invention

Glued laminated boards and beams are commonly used in the manufacture of large and large uniform wood surfaces, and in the manufacture of beams that require greater load-bearing capacity and durability than solid wood structures. By gluing components of a certain width, i.e. wooden slats, side by side and superimposed on one another, it is relatively easy to produce large uniform wooden planks commonly used in the carpentry industry to make various furnishings; The uses of this type of wood are: plentiful and the demand for wood-like wood materials is expected in the future: due to their ecological nature and impressive appearance! sales.

. It is known to produce glued beams by gluing in parallel and / or overlapping wooden slats which are pressed together with strong clamps in two directions, i.e. vertical and lateral, as the glue cures. In this way, large uniform and durable planar wood panels and beams with almost solid wood appearance can be constructed. Glued surfaces of glued wood improve the load-bearing capacity and durability of the structure compared to solid wood structure. Such adhesive wood components can then be used in the carpentry industry, for example in the manufacture of furniture.

Indeed, there are various types of glulam and related manufacturing methods; disclosed, for example, in patent publications F 23624, SE 444 635 and DE 37 06 710.

However, there are serious problems with this known technique.

'.' : 35 As the tree grows in nature, it constantly strives towards the light, usually turning its trunk. In this way, the wood material is often warped as the wood grows, and the same warping continues even after the wood has been felled and put into use, for example, as furniture material. For this reason, there is always tension in the wooden slats used to make glulam. These stresses on the wood slats cause stresses on the glulam beams and boards which twist them and thus cause the glulam beams and boards to twist and crack. This in turn reduces the appearance and durability of the glulam timber structures. For this reason, a board made of glued wood is usually so curved that the table stands on its base with three legs and swings. Secondly, with the passage of time, natural fluctuation of air humidity causes the adhesive board to crack and its structure to deteriorate.

Another serious problem with the manufacture of prior art adhesive board structures is the pressing method used for bonding, in which the adhesive board or beam must be pressed in two directions during bonding, i.e., top and side. This results in complex and expensive large presses.

A third problem with the prior art is the manufacture of large planar-array-glue-sheet layers. When making them, the amount of material wasted is high because, with current technology, first a rectangular plate of the desired shape of the desired board has to be produced, which then cuts a final shape of 20, resulting in a large amount of wasted parts. The reason for the formation of wastes is due to the above-described pressing technique used in the gluing step, which requires a rectangular sheet blade for successful compression.

j Also known is a blank for making an adhesive and adhesive beam plate, such as; 25 is described in Finnish Utility Model Ref. 2181, in which the blanks in question are joined using a sharp-edged gripping surface. The machining of such a sharp-edged gripping surface is problematic because machining of the sharp-edged forms places high demands on the durability of the tools. A poor tool will degrade the quality of the machined gripping surface 30 and thereby cause fitting problems and costs as material loss.

Brief Description of the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to alleviate the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved glue beams structure which allows a simpler and more economical manufacture of glue boards and beams; its various requirements.

112619 This is achieved in that the glue joint structure and the glue joint structure joining its components according to the present invention have the features defined in the claims. Specifically, this glued wood structure according to the invention is essentially characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are claimed in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the idea that the components of the adhesive seal structure to be joined to one another by means of an adhesive material are substantially wavy on the pin of the adhesive pin 10, i.e. on the surface of the adhesive receiving surface and on the adhesive surface of another corresponding component. This solution provides several significant advantages.

The symmetrical corrugated structure of the adhesive joint structure is advantageous in many ways. First, the corrugated surface expands the structure of the adhesive sheet to a stiffening and cohesive adhesive surface relative to the surface. Secondly, the wave peaks and troughs of the overlapping adhesive surfaces overlap each other, stiffening the structure of the adhesive-wood board, which prevents the board from being twisted but remains straight. Third, the overlapping waves and troughs of the adhering surfaces guide the wooden slats of the glulam board in an appropriate alignment during the gluing step, whereby the gluing step can be carried out by: Advantage:; ; consequently, large size sheets of adhesive can be made to almost final shape, · without waste, due to the fact that pressing only from the top allows the sheet to be manufactured even before gluing to its proper shape. In addition, a one-way press is considerably simpler and less expensive to construct in two directions.

In order for the structure to function, the distance between the successive wave peaks and the troughs of the waveform of the adhesive surface in each component is preferably constant and the wave height is substantially constant in height. The preferred waveform of the gripping surface is a sine waveform comprising a substantially straight portion between the wave peak and the trough. Sine Wave Shape: 35 is round-edged, which offers the advantage that machining tools do not require sharp-edged parts, which improves their durability.

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According to a preferred embodiment of the adhesive seam structure according to the invention, a planar shaped corrugated component is disposed between the adhesive surfaces of the components of the glue board or beam. The waveform of this planar structural member corresponds to the waveform of the adhesive surface of the adhesive wood panel or beam component 5. The planar component is made of a hard and tough material such as metal or fiberglass. This planar insertion member of the glued-wood panel or beam structure can substantially improve the strength and load-bearing capacity of the glue board or beam. In addition, the planar component improves the toughness of the structure if the adhesive board is cracked. 10 The gluewood structure provided with this planar structural member to be inserted into the glued laminated board or beam structure is at least three times more load-bearing than the corresponding solid wood structure. Further, such a structure comprising a planar component achieves considerably better fire resistance properties than the wood structure. Secondly, the material thickness of the glue board or beam wood material 15 can be reduced without compromising durability, which also reduces the weight, volume and material consumption of the glue board or beam, which is advantageous especially when using valuable precious wood.

When the planar component is metal, it can also be used as a heating element. By making a metal sheet from a material having a suitable electrical resistance 20 and applying a protective current to it, a glued wood sheet made with such an adhesive seam structure can be used; for example, as a finished floor heating element, further comprising a finished floor; : coating for example on parquet. In connection with the planar component, it is also possible to: connect the fluid channels at certain distances from one another and thus,: 25, the heat which the metal plate compensates for the entire glueboard structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a transverse view of a glued wood strip having a corrugated adhesive surface of an adhesive seam structure according to the invention on the underside of a slat, Fig. 2 illustrating two opposed to form an adhesive wood structure according to the invention; Figure 3 illustrates a transverse direction of an adhesive sheet structure consisting of glue board slats according to Figure 2 to form a glue board structure according to the invention; and Fig. 5 is a transverse directional view of an adhesive sheet structure consisting of glue strips of Fig. 4 with a planar member disposed between the engagement surfaces 10 to form an adhesive seam structure according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to Figures 1 to 5, the structure and method of manufacture of the adhesive seam structure of the invention will now be described.

Fig. 1 shows a structural part 2, i.e. a gluing grating 2, of a glued wood structure used in the manufacture of a glued board or beam. The glulam grille 2 is made of wood and has a generally rectangular shape when viewed in cross-sectional direction. The adhesive wood grating of Figure 1 has planar side surfaces 21 and an upper surface 22 and a lower surface 23 joining them 20, which serve as the same adhesive surface 23, i.e.: the surface on which the adhesive, or generally elastic adhesive, is made from glulam boards; spreading. The gripping surface 23 is also the surface of the glue strip 2 which:. , with their largest surface area settling on other similar glulam slats 2 and their. : against similar adhesive surfaces when making glued laminated boards and beams.

As can be seen in Figure 1, the gripping surface 23 of the glulam slat 2 is shaped by milling or planing. The waveform is sinusoidal and symmetrical, wherein the distance between the successive wave ridge 51, i.e., the wave portion farther from the upper surface 22 of the glue strip 2, and the wave base 52, i.e. the wave portion closer to the upper surface 22 of The rising and falling portion of the waveform has a symmetrical straight line conforming to the waveform.

The waveform and the wood grid 2,3 are preferably dimensioned as follows: The width of the wood grid 2,3, i.e. the width of the upper surface 22,23, is 130 mm. The 23.33 sinusoidal waveform of the grip surface 35 comprises four complete waves. It is essential to the operation of the structure of 6112619 that the structure of the gripping surface comprises one or more complete waves and the waves are machined to the same location in each lattice 2,3. The wavelength is 32.5 mm and the wave height from the 53 wave peak 51 to the bottom 52 is 5.88 mm. The radius of curvature of the base 52 of the wave-5 of the wave peak 51 is 10 mm. The symmetrical waveform portion 54 on the rising and falling portion of the waveform has a length of 8 mm and is symmetrically centered on the rising and falling portion 54 of the waveform. Naturally, the proportions may differ from the above dimensions. The waveform may also be non-sinusoidal, with a square wave at appropriate proportions.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the glued wood grille 2 is shaped such that the upper surface 22 of the grille is substantially flat, although it may also be of other types. The upper surface 22 is machined to be sanded. The side surfaces 21 of the glulam slats are planar. They are machined obliquely with respect to the lower surface, i.e. the grip surface 23, so that the angle α between the upper surface 22 and the side surface 21 of the glue strip 2 is less than 90 degrees, i.e. the glue strip 2 tapers towards the grip surface 23. The glued wood grille 2 is dimensioned such that, when glued and pressed together, the parallel wood slats 2 are closely aligned with one another and the glue also reaches between the side surfaces of the parallel wood slats during the pressing step. As a result, the slant angle α of the side surface 21 is dimensioned such that a maximum of 0.5 mm between the two adjacent wood slats 2 extends up to 0.5 mm at the end of the engaging surface 23 and the wood slats 2 are oversized at the top 22 0.1 mm against each other,: 25 resulting in a very tight joint surface which is ready for sanding.

Fig. 2 shows two overlapping adhesive wood strips 2,3,3 facing each other overlapping surfaces 23,33. The glued wood strips 2,3 are superimposed so that the corrugated gripping surface 33 of the underlying wooden strip 3 faces upwards and the gripping surface 23 of the above wooden strip 2 faces downwards. In this case, when the wooden slats 2,3 are pressed against each other, the corrugated structure of the gripping surface 23,33 guides the wooden slats 2,3 against each other; overlapping so that the peaks 51 of the waves 51 of the upper lattice 2 are aligned, at the respective waves 52 of the lower lattice 3 and vice versa, resulting in a dense connection surface. The ascending and descending portion of the waveform has a symmetrical waveform portion 54, which improves the alignment of the glue wood beads 2.3 during the compression step.

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Figure 3 shows an adhesive board structure consisting of laminated wood slats 2,3 as described above to form an adhesive wood structure according to the invention. For example, the adhesive board structure is manufactured by loading, in the first step, pre-machined high-quality gluing wood slats 3 forming the surface of the adhesive board onto the substrate with the top surface 32 facing down and the corrugated adhesive surface 33 facing up. In the second step, an adhesive 5, i.e. an elastic adhesive, is applied to the adhesive surface 33. In the third step, the adhesive wood fins 2 forming the bottom surface of the adhesive board are laid on the substrate with the adhesive surface 33 facing upwardly on the adhesive strips 3, so that the corrugated adhesive surfaces 23,33 overlap. The lower surface of the adhesive board can also advantageously be used with a lower quality wood veneer. In the fourth step, a flat clamp is pressed perpendicular to the bottom surface of the adhesive board, i.e. perpendicular to the adhesive seam structure, so that the wood strands are tight against each other, due to the corrugated adhesive structure.

Figure 3 shows a wavy shape of an adhesive joint structure of a glued wood structure which significantly increases the area of the adhesive joint directly relative to the surface. This results in better adhesive joint strength and improved load-bearing capacity and durability of the adhesive-20 wood board. The corrugated seam structure of the glue beaming structure stiffens against the warping and twisting of the glue seam plate, so that the board remains straight and flat. As can be seen in Figure 3; *, * the wood strands 2,3 are stacked in relation to each other in a board such that each; the wood lattice is in contact with the two to four other lattice 2,3, whereby the cracking of the adhesive plate is eliminated and the harm caused by any cracking is reduced.

Fig. 4 shows another preferred embodiment of a glued wood structure having two overlapping glued wood strips 2,3,3 facing each other. Therein, between the gripping surfaces 23,33 30 of the glued wood slats 2,3, a substantially planar structural member 4 is formed as a wave. Its wave shape exactly corresponds to the waveform 23,33 of the gripping surface 2,3 of the slats. The planar component 4 is made of a hard and tough material such as metal, fiberglass, plastic, rubber or the like.

The waveguide surface 23,33 of the wood strips has a wave shape of 35 sine and symmetrical, whereby the waveguide of the successive waveguide 51, i.e. the waveguide farther from the upper surface 22 of the glue strip 2 and the waveguide 52, i.e. . The waveforms 52 of the waveform 52 forming the lower surface of the glue beaming structure 2 are slightly or approximately 1 mm deeper than the waveforms 52 of the upper surface forming component 3. In this way, the differing thermal expansion properties of the wood slats 2,3 and the planar structural member 4 are compensated. The deeper troughs of the undersurface allow for a small thermal expansion compensation with the elastic adhesive material 5, with the planar component 4 having a coefficient of thermal expansion different from that of the wood. Otherwise, the structure is as described above.

Fig. 5 shows an adhesive sheet structure consisting of laminated wood slats 2,3 as described above, between which a planar structural member 4 is arranged to form an adhesive wood structure according to the invention. Such an adhesive sheet structure is made, for example, by loading, in the first step 15, pre-machined high-quality adhesive strips 3 forming the surface of the adhesive sheet onto the substrate with the upper surface 32 facing down and the corrugated adhesive surface 33 facing up. In the second step, an adhesive 5, i.e. an elastic adhesive, is applied to the adhesive surface 33. In the third step, a molded or extruded planar component 4 is applied to the adhesive surface 33. In the fourth step, adhesive 5 is applied to the exposed surface of the component 4. In the fifth step, adhesive wood chips forming the bottom surface of the plate 4 are deposited on the substrate. 2 with the gripping surface 23 facing downward, i.e. with the corrugated gripping surfaces 23,33 and the planar component 4 therebetween overlapping one another. The lower surface of the adhesive board can also advantageously be used with a lower quality wood veneer. In the sixth step, the flat press is pressed flat against the bottom surface of the adhesive board, i.e. perpendicular to the adhesive joint structure, the wooden slats 2,3 and the structural member 4 between them tightly against each other, thus eliminating the need for 3 and component 4 due to the corrugated structure.

Fig. 5 shows an adhesive wood panel according to a preferred embodiment of the gluewood structure according to the invention, in which a planar structure of corrugated shape is provided between the gripping surfaces 23,33 of the wooden slats 2,3; Part 4. This planar structural member 4, inserted into the gluing board, can substantially improve the strength and load-bearing capacity of the glue board. The load capacity is at least three times higher than that of solid wood adhesive board. In addition, the planar component 4 improves the toughness of the structure if the adhesive plate is cracked. The structure stiffens the adhesive joint plate from warping and twisting, leaving it straight and flat. Such an adhesive board structure comprising a planar structural member 4 achieves fire resistance properties significantly better than that of the wooden structure 5 alone, since the flame cannot propagate through the entire structure, but especially when the structural member 4 is metal, the fire can only pass through the metal as heat.

The thickness of the wood material of the adhesive board in such an adhesive wood structure comprising the component 4 can be reduced without compromising durability, whereby the weight of the adhesive wood board is also reduced, its volume is reduced and material consumption is reduced. When the planar component is metal, it can also be used as a heating element. By making a metal sheet from a material with a suitable electrical resistance and applying a protective electric current thereto, an adhesive wood panel made with such an adhesive seam structure can be used for example as a finished floor heating element which further comprises a finished floor covering such as parquet. Liquid channels can also be connected to the planar structural member at certain distances from one another, thereby providing heat which the metal sheet will equalize throughout the glulam panel structure.

The thickness of the wood strip 2.3 measured from the upper surface 22.32 to the gripping surface 20 23.33 may also vary between the width of the wood strip 2.3 measured between the side surfaces.

It is preferable to make the top surface and the bottom surface of the glulam board from the same thickness of wooden slats. In this way, such glulam beams can also be used inexpensively and easily to produce glulam boards and beams of various strengths. Glulam slats can be made to varying thicknesses according to suitable dimensions. Required. : According to the thickness of the sheet, the sheet is made by laying one on its underside. · *, For wood slats with a thickness and upper surface for wood slats with another thickness.

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Since the manufacture of the board requires compression in only one direction, for example, an arc-shaped plane can be made from wooden slats approximately the width of the arc 30, which results in very little waste. The board made of wet-strength wood slats is also ready for grinding immediately after being removed from the press. It no longer has to be planed to the desired thickness, which saves many laborious manufacturing steps.

If required, for higher adhesive board and beam thicknesses, the aal-35 joint structure can also be utilized by making the board or beam from a plurality of stacked layers of wood. In this case, it is advantageous to fabricate the slats on the intermediate layers of the structure to be corrugated on both sides, whereby a corrugated adhesive surface is provided on both sides of the wood veneer. This makes it possible to produce high load bearing laminated boards and beams.

It is to be understood that the foregoing description and the accompanying figures are merely intended to illustrate the present invention. Thus, the invention is not limited to the embodiment set forth above or as defined in the claims, but many variations and modifications of the invention which are possible within the scope of the inventive concept defined in the appended claims will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

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Claims (11)

1. Perimeter construction for the manufacture of glulam boards and glulam beams includes: - at least two superposed parts (2, 3) joined together with contact means (5) - each design part (2, 3) is in its cross-sectional profile approximately rectangular, comprising two flat sides 21,31) and a top surface (22, 32) and a contact surface (23, 33) for joining the side surfaces, and the contact surface (23, 33) comprises a surface for receiving the contact means (5) and being arranged against the contact surface ( 23, 33) of another corresponding structural part (2, 3), said contact surface (23, 33) being substantially vaguely formed, characterized in that: - the contact surface (23, 33) in its path shape has a substantially straight part (54) between a crest (51) and a road valley (52), and - the two flat side surfaces (21, 31) of the glue-tree construction (2, 3), are thus designed to be tapered (2, 3) towards the contact surface (23,33), whereby vinkein (a) flour the top surface (22, 32) and the side surfaces (21,31) are less than 90 degrees. Glue-lumber structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact surface (23, 33) is symmetrically vague, each of the structural parts (2, 3) having a contact surface (23, 33) having a road shape where the following road peaks (51) and the road valleys (52) are of one::: constant relative distance and where the road height (53) is of substantially constant 25 height. Glue-lumber structure (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the path shape of the contact surface (23, 33) comprises the shape of a sinusoidal path. Glue-lumber structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a substantially pian road-shaped structural part (4) is arranged between the contact surfaces (23, 33) of the structural parts (2, 3). 5. Glue-lumber structure (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that: the road shape of the flat structural part (4) accurately exhibits the road shape of the contact surface (23) of the structural part (2). Glue-lumber structure (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the flat structural part (4) comprises a hard and tough material. 112619 Glue-lumber structure (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the material of the flat structural part (4) comprises metal. Glue-lumber structure (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the material of the structural part (4) comprises glass fiber. 9. Glued timber structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material of the flat structural parts (2, 3) comprises wood. Laminated timber structure (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the cradle valves (52) of the lower structural part (3) are deeper than the cradle valleys (52) of the upper structural part (2). Adhesive lumber structure (1) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the contact means (5) are elastic.