FI107892B - Method and apparatus for making strings - Google Patents

Abstract

A process and device are disclosed for manufacturing strands from round wood. The round wood is always an individual tree trunk (30). The tree trunk (30) is fed by a conveyor (50) to a chipping device (51, 52). The chipping device (51, 52) may be made to engage residual areas (33) of the tree trunk (30) that extend beyond its main body (32), so that strands may be cut out of the residual areas (33). The chipping device (51, 52) is provided with first tools (51) which cut longitudinal slots (35) in the residual areas (33, 33').

Description

107892

Method and apparatus for making filaments

The invention relates to a method for making strands from round timber, wherein the strands in the direction of the grain are between 200 and 350 mm and the width and thickness transversely to the grain are between 1 and 15 mm. The invention further relates to an apparatus for making strands from round timber, comprising a conveyor for round timber and at least one cutting device for cutting strands, wherein the strands are between 200 and 350 mm in length and 1 and 15 mm in width and thickness.

A method and apparatus of the above type are known, for example from DE 38 37 200 Cl.

It is known to make wood products, such as beams and boards, instead of massive wood, from chips. In addition to well-known particle boards and particle boards, products such as "strands", also called "waffles" or "flakes", have become known in the art. These are commonly understood to mean wood chips having relatively large dimensions as compared to wood chips when obtained, for example, by cutting from side portions, incisors or the like. The strands in the direction of the strands are typically between 200 and 350 mm and the width and thickness in the direction of the strands are between 1 and 15 mm. These strands are made by joining *: *. 20 gluing and gluing timber, for example boards or beams, then called • · ·; "composite beams", "fibreboard" or "structural wood products".

It is also known for this purpose to provide the strands with a certain design having a defined width, length and thickness, including, under suitable conditions, a bevelled edge, whereby the strands can be glued together in boards and palettes in the appropriate direction.

From DE 38 37 200 Cl already mentioned, there is known a wood implanting machine for making such chips or strands. A well-known machine should produce: large-size cutting chips with a specified thickness, width and length. Round • · ♦,. ···. the lumber is introduced in this direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension of their cutter barrel 30. The cutter barrel consists of an outer shear rotor and an • • · concentric internal rotating blade. The rotors run in opposite directions of rotation. The cutting rotor then cuts the chips from the wide side of the round trees which enter the drum and where they are chopped by the impact rotor into the desired rolls of 107892 with the specified dimensions. The cut chips obtained in this way are guided away from the inside of the cutting drum by means of a bounce plate and directed to the conveyor belt.

The known machine has a cutting drum diameter of about 60 cm. A known machine is used to process relatively small round logs of about 15 cm in diameter, in other words cut pieces of knots and the like. The round timber will then be perfectly chipped.

From US 4 371 020 and US 421 149, a known process for making long filaments is known. In the known method, the round timber is first moved axially through a blade device provided with a total of four blades to the diameter of the round timber, each of which is displaced at an angle of 45 ° to each other. The circular log is passed axially through this cutter, so that the circular log is cut through the cutter after passing through a total of eight radially segmented pieces. These pieces of wood are finally introduced into a multi-component device made of solid blades to form parallel-axis filaments. The strands then have a different width in the radial direction. They are then guided through a shear rolling machine, where they are cut into elongated, thin cross-sectional filaments.

Also with this known method, round loose lumber becomes fully cut.

U.S. Patent 4,681,146 discloses a method and apparatus for making filaments.

• · · ·: 20 The threads are also made from the already mentioned round timber, whereby the wide side of the · · · * ....: feeds them to the planing table. With the help of a vibrating planing board, round logs are cut into shavings. Finally, the shavings are cut using a • · 'roller.

• · • · ·: T: Also with this known method, round timber is perfectly cut.

. From DE 31 14 843 a so-called "profiling method" is known. In the profiling method, whole tree trunks are first profiled, that is, • · · * · * with longitudinal cutters and profile cutters. The result of this machining is the so-called model. By this is meant a wood object having a radial cross-sectional shape; : Designed for later modeling into boards and beams with an optimum • · · 30-color lumber efficiency.

• · · • I · • ·

The part cut off, that is to say, stripped of the profile chippers and angle millers, is converted by this profiling method into chips which can be further modified in the pulp industry or particle board industry.

From U.S. Patent No. 3,107,992, U.S. Pat. No. 4,149,577, a device is known which enables sawing blades to simultaneously obtain several longitudinal incisions in a tree trunk.

The invention, on the other hand, is based on the object of developing such a method so that the production of the threads is possible also outside the area of use, whereby relatively small round logs (knots) are completely cut.

According to the above-mentioned method, this task is solved according to the invention by circular timber being a single tree trunk, firstly, the wood trunk is provided with longitudinal incisions spaced apart along the remainder of the outside of the main body of the tree trunk.

The object is further solved once by the aforementioned device according to the invention, comprising a conveyor for transporting individual tree trunks, at least one cutting device being brought into contact with a residual part outside the main body of the tree, separate from each other.

The task underlying the invention is thus completely solved.

Namely, the invention differs radically from the methods known to date for the production of filaments. These methods were limited to starting materials, namely, round logs, which were completely chipped to make the filaments. In this case, only relatively small round timber, such as kat-:: knotless branches, thicker branches and, in an emergency, still trunks of very young trees, were used as starting materials.

The invention, on the other hand, extends the field of application of methods for making threads to woodworking methods in which solid wood from larger round logs, namely, tree trunks, is only partially cut. and the remainder of the tree trunk is processed into massive lumber. Such * * la wood treatment methods are of great economic importance and are used extensively.

• · ·

Since only wood chips or sawdust were produced in the methods and devices herein during the treatment of the tree trunks, it has been possible for the first time in the present invention: 30 to produce even more valuable calculators for these applications, namely: threads.

• · · 4 107892 This is of considerable economic importance to users of woodworking equipment, as the marketing of secondary products from wood processing is always of greater and greater importance economically. This makes it possible to produce the threads also in devices where the whole wood trunks have been routinely treated to form chips. All that is needed is relatively small modifications buildings or additions to existing equipment. The economic efficiency of these devices is therefore clearly increased by a small change.

In a first alternative embodiment of the aforementioned method, the filaments are cut in a single working step between the longitudinal incisions by cutting along lengthwise transverse incisions of length 1 and into a thickness d. The like relates to an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the cutting device has, downstream of the first tools, a cutting device which cuts the strands in a single operation between the longitudinal incisions by cutting along parallel transverse incisions and thickness d.

In another embodiment of the embodiment of the method according to the invention, however, after making the longitudinal incisions, the residual portions are first provided with transverse incisions at a distance of 1 in the first step, and then the threads are cut at a thickness d in the second step. The like also applies to the accompanying embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the chipper ... 20 has second tools for making transverse incisions into residuals, wherein transverse incisions are 1 length apart, and third tools downstream of first and second tools in the conveying direction. * to cover with thickness d.

The above measures have the advantage that two alternative methods of execution. 25a can be produced over a wide range of threads of variable lengths, so that the dimensions can be pre-set accurately to length, width and thickness. In addition, the corresponding shape of the tools makes it possible to form chamfered or otherwise profiled threads.

♦ ♦ «·».] ·. Further preferred is an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the strands 30 are first cut on two opposite sides of the tree trunk, and then on both sides of the tree trunk moved 90 ° on each other.

• ♦ ♦ · ♦ • · · «*. ···. This procedure has the advantage that workflow sequences known per se, known from the profiling method, can be used. Thus, it is possible, for example, to use two machining stations in succession in the conveying direction, between which an already partially machined 5 107892 trunk is rotated about its longitudinal axis 90 °. Alternatively, it is possible to use only one such machining station and to rotate the tree trunk after leaving the machining station by 90 ° and to re-route it to the entry point of the machining station.

In preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, longitudinal incisions are formed by cutting longitudinally. As an alternative to this, longitudinal incisions can also be achieved by sawing.

Correspondingly, it is possible to form transverse cuts as transverse grooves by cutting or sawing transverse cuts. Accordingly, in the embodiments of the method according to the invention, the first tools are alternatively formed as first blades or first saws while the second tools can be implemented as second blades or alternatively.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of illustration and will be further illustrated by the following detailed description. they:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, greatly simplified, of a prior art apparatus for making filaments;

Figure 2 Single stranded perspective view, strongly enlarged; Fig. 3 is a perspective side view of a working tree trunk; Figures 4 and 5 show two side diagrams similar to Fig. 3 in the embodiment of the method to illustrate the following steps of one another; ··· • · · · · ·

Figures 6-11 are radial sections through the tree trunks as shown in Figures 4 and 5 to illuminate each other in the following machining steps; • · ·· »

Figure 12 is a perspective side view of an embodiment of the device.

· · 25 In Figure 1, there are 10 completely conventional devices for making strands.

• · ·

by the feed 11, with the passing shifter 12 is inserted into the round timber 13 in the direction of the arrow 14 to pass through 11. The round timber 13 is then introduced perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.

Immediately at the exit of the feed 11 is a rotary cutting tool 20. The cutting 30 tool 20 is driven by a rotor 21 in the direction of rotation indicated by the arrow 10 107892 Sat 22. The periphery of the cutting tool 20 has blades 23 which rotate the periphery of the cutting tool 20. The round logs 13 imported from the side thus enter the gripping area 23 of the rotating blades, which is indicated by dotted lines in Figure 1.

In this way, chip or cut into individual leikelastuja or strands 24 of circular timber-5 goods 13 and extend from the direction of the arrow 25 from the device 10.

The representation of Figure 1 is extremely schematic. It is self-evident that the displayed strands 24 can be further worked up at additional stations, for example further chopping, profiling their edges, etc., as is already known in the prior art.

Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the strand 24 to clarify the difference between ordinary chips or other chips. The end face 26 of the strand 24 clearly shows the wood grain 27. The length 1 of the strand 24 in the direction of the grain is clearly greater than the width b or the thickness d, each in the direction of the transversal.

In practice, the strands have a length 1 between 100 and 350 mm, a width b between 1 and 15 mm and a thickness d between 1 and 6 mm. It is also possible to deviate from these values.

Contrary to Fig. 2, the strands 24 may also have a non-rectangular shape, for example a prism or other shape, whereby the individual strands 24 may be glued to each other in a specific direction and in a specific configuration. mailing beams or boards, so-called "fiber boards".

• · · · • · *: Figure 3 also shows a diagram of a round tree 30, namely an entire tree trunk *: · *: 20 gon. On the end page 31 at the thin end of the tree trunk, the main portion 32 is marked. By this is meant the part having a rectangular or square cross-sectional area, · * · .. at the center of the tree trunk 30 This part corresponds to the part of the tree trunk 30 from which said main product 32, namely beams, boards and the like, is manufactured.

The remaining remainder 33 is partially machined by conventional profiling to partly si- ': 25 vulva, partly chipped or sawed.

• · · ♦ · • · · ·. It is now a special feature of the present invention that the residual portion 33 shown may be completely or partially broken into strands 38.

Here, the remainder 33 is provided with longitudinal grooves 35 and transverse grooves 36 so that threads 38 can be cut at positions 37. In this way, threads 38 with longitudinal grooves 1 are produced. , width b and thickness d are specified.

7 107892

In the context of the present application, when speaking of "grooves", i.e., for example, longitudinal grooves 35 and transverse grooves 36, this is to be understood only for example. It is usually the case that the tree trunks can be provided with incisions either by means of blades or by sawing.

The details of the method used and the apparatus used therein are described below with reference to Figures 4-12. Figures 4 and 5 then show two schematic perspective side views of the tree trunk 30, Figures 6-11 are cross-sectional views through the tree trunk 30 during various machining steps, and Figure 12 finally shows a perspective view of the device used.

For the purpose of machining the wood frame 30, longitudinal grooves 35 are first made in accordance with Figures 4 and 6. For this purpose, the wood frame 30 in Figure 12 is introduced only longitudinally in the conveying direction 50 through two groups of fixed blades 51. The blades 51 form longitudinal grooves in the tree trunk 30, and downwards to the boundary line 40 shown in Fig. 6, which is also the lateral edge of the main product 32. As clearly shown in Figures 6 and 12, longitudinal grooves 35, for example, are simultaneously made into two opposite sides of a tree trunk 30.

In the foregoing embodiments, the blades 51 are to be understood as examples only. Thus, instead of the blades 51, of course, similar saws can also be used to provide corresponding slits to provide grooves.

• · ·. 20 There are now two options for further machining the tree trunk 30: • · ··· ·

According to the first alternative, according to Fig. 5, in a separate working step, • · · j V transverse grooves 36 can be connected (not shown) with corresponding groups of cutting blades which can be introduced transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tree trunk The wood frame 30 would then have the appearance shown in Figure 3.

To cut the threads 38, the tree trunk 30 could then be allowed to travel toward the Poty * * tangent set of rigid blades oriented in the conveying direction, i.e. the length of the tree trunk 30, which already cuts by length 1 and width b; defined threads with a predetermined thickness. Such a device is described in the pre- ··· / ♦ ·. in U.S. Patent 4,371,020, already cited.

Another advantageous alternative here is to make transverse grooves 36 in single *** operation with cutting of threads 38. Here, the exemplary cutting times 52 in Figure 12 operate. The cutting times 52 operate by means of the rotors 53. The rotors 53 extend from the shafts 54 across the longitudinal extension of the tree trunk 30. 8 107892 In the illustrated embodiment, the chip times 52 rotate in the direction of the arrow 55. Cutting times 52-are equipped with tapered machining surfaces. The plurality of points of the tapered machining surfaces have blades 60 each having a main cutting blade 61 and a side cutting blade 62. The main cutting blade 61 and the side cutting blade 62 may also be formed by discrete blades 5 distributed around the periphery. In this way, in the embodiment shown, the remainder 33 on both sides of the tree trunk 30 adjacent to the main product 32 can be cut.

Because of the conical nature of the upper surfaces of the cutting times 52, the residual portions 33 are then removed in layers, as shown by the dotted lines 42 in Fig. 7. Similarly, by shaping and positioning the main cutter blade 61 and the side cutter blade 62, the strands 38 can thus be cut to a set length 1 and a thickness d. Fig. 7 shows a situation in which both residual regions 33 have already been cut to about one third to thread 38. This state of the tree trunk 30 is indicated in Fig. 7 by 30a.

Figure 8 shows a space 30b of a tree trunk 30 where both of said residual areas 33 have been completely removed. The second page 44 of the main product 32 is already preformed.

The tree body 30 is now rotated 90 ° with respect to its longitudinal axis and thus comes to the position shown in Figure 9. In this position, longitudinal grooves 35 '(space 30c) are again made in the remaining residual parts 33' on the sides of the wood frame 30 again. For this purpose, the device of Figure 12 may be provided twice in the direction of travel of the tree trunks 30. Between both devices, the tree trunk 30 can either be rotated 90 ° or rotated in both individual devices a total of 90 °. However, it is also possible ·: ··: to rotate the tree trunk 90 ° after leaving the device shown in Figure 12 and returning it through the rotation again to the inlet of the device shown in Figure 12.

The wood frame 30 thus machined is now again cut in the longitudinally grooved ice portions 33 'as shown in Fig. 10 by means of the space 30d. Here again, the cutting lines 42 'and the cut threads 38' are also seen. At the end of the partially completed work in Figure 10, the main product 32 is finished machined as shown in Figure 11.

According to the above method, the remainder portions 33, 33 'are completely cut into threads 38, 38'. However, it will be appreciated that partial cutting of residual portions 33, 33 'is also possible when, for example, portions of residual portions 33, 33' are desired, v. turn into boards. The corresponding contact depths (boundary lines 40) must then be adjusted accordingly.

• · • · «· ·

Claims (15)

A method for making strands (24; 38, 38 ') from round timber (13), wherein the strands (24; 38, 38') have a length (1) between 200 and 350 mm and a width (b) and a thickness (d) ) in the transverse direction between 1 and 15 mm, characterized in that the circular timber (13) is a single tree trunk (30), that the tree trunk (30) is first provided with longitudinal incisions in the residual parts (33, 33 ') outside the main body (32) of the tree trunk. ) which are spaced apart by the width (b), and that the strands (38, 38 ') are then cut from the entire remainder (33, 33'). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the filaments (38, 10 38 ') are cut in a single working step between the longitudinal incisions by cutting along the lengthwise (1) transverse incisions and by the thickness (d). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, after making the longitudinal incisions, the residual portions (33, 33 ') are first provided with transverse incisions in the first working step which are spaced apart from the length (1), and then the threads (38, 38') (d). Method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the strands (38, 38 ') are first incised on two opposite sides of the tree trunk (30) and then on both opposite sides of the tree trunk (30) turned 90 °. ···· 9 9 9 9 9 j 20 Method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal incisions are made by cutting into longitudinal grooves (35,35 '). 9 * 9 • · · • · • 9: ·. Method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal incisions are made by sawing. • · · Method according to one or more of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the transverse incisions are made by cutting into transverse grooves (36). The method according to one or more of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the transverse incisions are made by sawing. An apparatus for making strands (24; 38, 38 ') from round timber (13), the apparatus 9 9 9 having a conveying device (11, 12; 50) for the round timber (13), and at least one counting device (20; 51, 52) for cutting the filaments (24; 38, 38 '), wherein the length (1) of the filaments (24; 38, 38') in the direction of the blades is between 200 and 350 mm and the thickness (b) ) and the depth (d) in the transverse direction is between 1 and 15 mm, characterized in that the conveyor 10 107892 (50) is arranged to transport the individual logs (30) so that at least one lowering device (51, 52) can be brought into contact with the log ( 30) with the entire residual portion (33, 33) outside the main portion (32), and that the cutting device (51, 52) provides first tools for making longitudinal incisions in the residual portions (33, 331), whereby the longitudinal gaps are spaced (b) apart. 9 107892 Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the cutting device (51, 52) has, in the conveying direction, underneath the first tools, cutting times (52) which intersect the strands (38, 38 ') in a single operation between longitudinal slits and at a thickness of 10 (d). Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the cutting device (51, 52) has second tools for making transverse incisions in the residual portions (33, 33 '), the transverse incisions being at a distance (1) apart and third in the conveying direction from the first and second tools. for cutting the strands (38, 38 ') 15 to a thickness (d). Device according to one or more of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the first tools are formed as first blades (51) which make longitudinal incisions as longitudinal grooves (35,35 '). Device according to one or more of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the first tools are formed as first saws. i e · ··· · Device according to one or more of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the second tools are formed as second blades which make transverse incisions | the transverse grooves. ··· • · * • * ♦ Device according to one or more of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that:. 25 that the other tools are formed into other saws. • · · ***: Patentkrav · ♦ «♦ *