FI107555B - Combined load-bearing plate arrangement and process for its achievement - Google Patents

Description

107555

Combined load-bearing slab and method for achieving it Combinerad bärande plattuppsättning ooh förfarande för dess ästadkommande

The present invention relates to composite load-bearing slabs comprising: at least one substantially reinforced concrete batten plate; a plurality of rigid spacers made of predominantly steel, which are hollow rectangular boxes having at least one side wall transverse to the chord plate, with openings or openings, and which are rigidly secured to said chord plate at least with respect to the shear forces parallel to the chord plate. The invention also relates to a method of providing such a composite load bearing tile.

US-4,034,526 discloses a modular building system in which the horizontal load-bearing parts consist of supporting beam-like members and transverse supported beam members fixed by suitable fasteners. Both the supporting beam members and the supporting beam members are made by joining parts made of a thin sheet of metal by bending to resemble box beams, although they are in fact U-beam combinations. Thus, this publication does not describe a load-bearing space grid, but a system of adjacent and cross-beam beams, although the supporting beams: i and the supporting beams are placed at the same height. These beams are attached to vertical hollow pillars with specially shaped metal •: 1 fittings. In the structure illustrated, all load-bearing parts are merely »M · 25 pure metal, so that this is a pure metal bearing structure. In the solution according to the publication, the bar-like bodies described above all support a .1: 1. Other horizontal components, such as floor tiles and ceiling cladding, typically through support blocks or support supports. For both floor tiles and ceilings, the illustrated attachment head is such that it does not move • ·. ·· ♦. 30 shear forces, whereby the stiffness properties of the floor tiles and of the roof cladding are not combined with the stiffness properties of the steel structure; load bearing capacity. The solution to this publication has the merit of noting * ·; · 1 that it takes into account the need for modifications to the building's wiring, piping and ductwork, for which beams have large openings through which: 1 **: 35 and through wiring, piping and ducting make. However, the substantial disadvantage of the disclosed structure of 1075555 is the high tendency of the bar-shaped members made of thin metal sheet to buckle and in particular to curl. This problem is compounded by the fact that, in order to achieve the minimum requirements for fire safety, the structure of the publication must have at least a gap between the supported beams, which are filled with fire-resistant thermal insulation to partition the midsole, as disclosed. These gaps make it difficult to secure the beams to each other, which would be necessary to avoid deformation. This problem cannot be greatly overcome by the spacers mentioned in the publication. Oversized openings still weaken the strength. However, Pa-10 lot safety is not very good even with heat-insulating compartments. If the thickness of the metal plate is increased so that said deformation does not occur, the structure becomes heavy and expensive. Since the structure described is essentially a beam structure, the tendency to provide it with even slightly isotropic properties necessitates the use of a very large number of larger and smaller and different parts. The installation at the site also requires a lot of work, which raises the cost per kilo of the aircraft to the price per kilo of the aircraft.

DE-16 59 218 and DE-25 19 664 describe load-bearing horizontal structures consisting of a combination of concrete slab and steel grid. In these 20 composite structures, the tensioned lower portions consist of real steel lattices, while the compressive tension upper portions: ·: of reinforced concrete. Thus, in the structures of the publications, the upper bar of the truss consists of horizontal '': straight reinforced concrete slabs, the lower bar consists of lower bar truss profiles • 1 «• or respectively lower bar trusses, in addition the upper bar and lower bar joints are characterized by trusses. In DE 16 59 218, reinforced concrete slabs are wider than the interconnection of the planar lattice and the lattice is secured to the concrete slab at its upper node nodes. Probably different dimensions of the concrete slab and grid are adjusted by adjustable beams. DE-25 19 664 again uses the · · · ···. 30 space grids are square pyramids ["square on square offset"], whereby the '** bases forming the upper pole are made up of a slightly theoretical square of small concrete slabs and a lower bar and diagonals in the usual way * ···' lower bar bars and diagonal bars. * · .: and, at the same time, the upper nodes of the diagonal rods are secured to each other by means of steel plates and fasteners extending into the area of the bolts at the corners of the concrete slabs, which are very economically advantageous since they utilize the most suitable material at each On the other hand, it is this requirement of individual design that leads to the need to design and fabricate different truss components for each construction site, 5 which keeps costs high. The manufacture of a cone with knots is quite expensive, as is the configuration of the lattice.

In the case of an intermediate floor, the installation of lower-layer roof cladding panels requires special measures in these solutions and, contrary to the publications 10, the purpose is precisely to keep the lattice structure visible. The grid is often dense and / or unfavorable in shape between the chords, which makes it difficult or impossible to arrange the pipelines, wiring and ducts, and in particular to retrofit them.

DE-41 13 028 discloses a composite load-bearing plate assembly, more particularly a composite structure forming a hollow plate. Vertically, the walls of the cavities in the center of the slab consist at least partly of a sheet of steel which, by the action of the casting and by small projections on the sheet of steel, attaches to the concrete slab forming the lower 20 chord. The composite structure according to the publication is fabricated at the installation site by first producing a concrete block mold for the lower bar, which is reinforced, then placed in the steel bracket of the slab. · ··. machines consisting at least in part of sheet material and forming at least part of the surfaces of the aforementioned cavities, followed by molding of concrete • · · T | 25 to support the steel bars of the · · · I. / sheet material forming the concrete bars of the lower bar and the cavity walls to at least some level. If the steel brackets in the sheet material constitute only »a part of the surface of the cavities, other materials, such as, are used to form the remainder of the surfaces. plastic bags, inflatable and emptied after hardening of the concrete and! .. * 30 bags to be removed thereby etc. After the first concrete casting, the • • ·; · * cavities and / or the steel brackets which are still unfilled with the concrete casting are placed. wiring, plumbing, ducts, etc. to the slab

Thereafter, according to the publication, the reinforcement is primarily reinforced in the upper column of the slab. ·. : forming a concrete slab, i.e. in the top pole, followed by another concrete. · · ·. 35 molding to encircle the reinforcing bars of the top pole plate and sheet steel brackets forming the walls of the cavities to the extent that they may not remain in the first 4 107555 molding contact. In one embodiment of the disclosure, this technique provides a slab having a reinforced concrete lower batten plate and a top batten plate and connected by concrete-steel plate composite pins surrounded by a network of interconnected cavities. This sol-5 su is the only structure in the publication where one can imagine retrofitting something through the slab cavities. The possibility of retrofitting is not an objective considered in the publication, but it is allowed, for example, to fasten pipelines to concrete. The second embodiment of the publication corresponds to the above-mentioned embodiment, except that the parallel steel beams 1 connect the upper reinforced concrete plate 10 and the lower bar plate to which the flanges of the I beams are molded as in composite structures. This solution does not allow any retrofitting since the I-beams form parallel cavities that are not interconnected. In a third embodiment of the publication, the cavities consist of collar-like portions of a steel plate whose peripheral holes are connected in a non-described manner to corresponding holes of adjacent collar-like portions. These collar-like parts are attached by the first concrete casting in the reinforced concrete of the lower barrel and also in the concrete between the collar-like parts, forming a steel-concrete-composite beam network between the upper barrel and the lower barrel. In this case, the top beam plate is not cast in place like the bottom beam plate and the composite beam network mentioned above, but consists of finished steel-concrete plates. These reinforced concrete slabs are each about the same size as the cavities in the direction of the slab and are cast with concrete casting to their edges. The solutions described are labor intensive and thus expensive to install at the installation site. and often under unfavorable conditions, such as frost, can easily lead to poor concrete quality, and the solutions described · · do not allow simple and cost-effective retrofitting of piping, wiring and ducts.

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My Finnish patent 46291 discloses a building element which forms • ·. ···. 30 comes from a plurality of interconnected metal open box-like sheet metal elements. In this known solution, sheet metal elements require edge stiffeners: plus welded reinforcements. Such edge stiffeners and reinforcements are not new to my invention, · ··· * because the box elements are made of sheet steel, which provides good strength while allowing for a simpler structure. In addition: 35 new inventions have different sizes of holes in the side walls of the boxes.

This achieves a weight advantage, and as the walls meet one another, the larger aperture in one of the 10 107555 walls is compensated by the smaller aperture of the facing wall.

The present invention relates to a composite structure, i.e., a combination of boxes and 5 lower and / or upper pole plates, whereas the Fl 46291 solution is directed solely to a structure consisting of metal sheet metal elements.

US 3526067 describes two grate intermediate mids. What they have in common is that the longitudinal steel support members were joined by means of the transverse support members 10 to form a cross beam. The crossbeam depicted in Figure 5 is used either: a) in the form shown in Figure 18: the post-stressed concrete slab forms the space element ceiling (Figure 1, parts 1 and 3) over which the crossbeam is located. The ceiling is not structurally connected to the truss but, on the contrary, is well separated from the load-bearing slab by a frame soundproofing which serves as the installation floor; or b) in the form shown in Fig. 26: structurally joining the structures of Fig. 5 and Fig. 25, one being the floor of the space element and the other the roof (Fig. 1, parts 1 and 3). The combination does not constitute a composite structure, since it is not a matter of joining two different but identical materials. The floor tiles are clearly not structural already because of the sound insulation.

20 US 3800490 describes the connection of an upper pole plate to a steel grid by means of bolt studs: ·· such that the bolt head is cast in concrete and cannot be supported by reinforcing • "'and is only surrounded by concrete.

♦ * #: Here it is screwed into them and at the same time it squeezes together the mold plate and 2 or 3 «» · · 25 parts of the upper chord. Usually the bolt pole does not rely on reinforcements, which it only • ·: * · *; skip close.

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US 5220765 describes a composite structure of steel and concrete. The steel structure consists of a lattice structure with a diagonal bar (cutting material) • ·. ···. 30 missing. The bar parts and the vertical rods must be reinforced accordingly to compensate for this defect / ·]. The upper flanges are cast onto the concrete. There is no question of a box: ':: maize frame structure.

DE 2457515 discloses a frame element for demountable frame structures. Publication-35 does not disclose a composite structure of box elements and at least one slab according to the present invention.

No. 6 107555 GB, 2219322, describes a box cell formed not of boxes but of long steel strips in the longitudinal direction and short strips in the transverse direction, with a plurality of plates mounted at the top and bottom, with separate top and bottom plates for each cell. The tiles are held together by glue-5 clubs and only partially mechanically. If an adhesive that is fire-safe is found at a price per kilo suitable for construction purposes, the edges of the slabs must provide the greatest possible bonding surface. The tile becomes so thick, the weight of the structure relative to the load is poor, and therefore the structure is suspicious in technical terms.

10 CH 551541 discloses a pure steel structure which does not involve the structural joining of concrete slabs.

The object of the invention is thus, firstly, to provide a load-bearing tray 15 in which the loads are received, i.e. carried at each point of the tray with a structural material which is well suited to it. Another object of the invention is to provide a load-bearing slab with a minimum of structural material in the middle region of low loading forces and a sufficient amount of suitable structural material in the area of exterior surfaces of high loading forces. A third object of the invention is to provide such a load-bearing slab, wherein said structural material in the area of the outer surfaces could, as far as possible, form an upper floor and a visible ceiling in the lower layer. The overall goal is to achieve an efficiently load-bearing but relatively lightweight tile structure that preferably requires only conventional surface treatment on said floor side and on said roof side, and at least not significant cladding components. It is a fourth object of the invention to provide such a load-bearing slab with fire resistance and fire safety. 30 are as good as possible. In particular, fire safety and fire resistance should be # · * good without special additional arrangements, ie the structure should naturally meet or »» »: preferably exceed the specified requirements. A fifth object of the invention is to provide such a load-bearing slab that can be assembled either on site or transported there in various elements or subassemblies. 35 These elements or subassemblies, irrespective of the tile structure, should be selectable, designed and manufactured to the required 7107555 degree of fabrication and size, depending on the requirements of the construction work with the available work equipment and transport equipment. It is a sixth object of the invention to provide such a load-bearing slab which can be load-bearing mounted on load-bearing pillars and / or load-bearing walls, i.e. in the desired vertical structure of the building frame. A seventh object of the invention is to provide such a load-bearing slab, which has ample space for the ducts, wiring and piping required by the building and its premises. A further object is to enable the simplest and quickest modification of these ducts, wiring and piping, also during later use of the building, when, for example, the purpose of the premises is changed. A further object is to provide such a load-bearing slab, which is inexpensive and does not require greater precision in manufacture and assembly than is usual in construction work.

15

The disadvantages described in the previous publication can be eliminated and the objects described above are achieved by a composite load-bearing tile according to the invention, characterized in what is defined in the characterizing part of claim 1 and a method according to the invention for obtaining a composite load-bearing tile. and 18 features.

: '' *: It is a particular advantage of the invention that the composite structure: the middle sections of the slab thickness consist only of relatively thin • • «· 25 sheet steel sections with large through holes, which allows for lightweight and • conduits ·. ·. en, simple passage through the slabs and wiring in the direction of the slab and their removal as well as reinstallation. Sheet steel sections are interconnected box-shaped pieces that provide high rigidity without buckling or buckling and thus load forces to be applied by pressing * · 'and drawing on the surface of the panel. The surface portions of the tile according to the invention, in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the tile, * consist of relatively thin but load-bearing reinforced concrete slabs, i.e. upper and lower beams, which are tightly joined on both sides of the steel plate parts. These steel -: * '': 35 - toned bar plates efficiently carry the compressive and tensile stresses transmitted to them, while the bending stresses are relatively low. In particular, shear forces, but also other types of forces, are provided at the interfaces of the battens 8 107555 and the boxes by means of brackets which are directly supported on the concrete battens of the battens. Likewise, the tight attachment of the side walls of the boxes to one another results in effective load-bearing and shear forces due to the frictional adhesion of the surfaces and the fasteners. The structure and method according to the invention also enable a structure that does not require any reinforcing steel reinforcing plate, either at all or at least not substantially supporting! incorporated but still achieves all or part of the advantages of the invention. A further advantage is that the lower barrel top plate and the upper barrel plate of the constructive unit of the tile, i.e. the tile element 10, can be made and combined with the boxes between them using and combining several different techniques as required. The slab of the invention achieves a good structure-to-payload ratio. When both the top and bottom bar panels as well as the spacers forming the spacers are connected over the entire layer and the boxes are in both directions at least substantially symmetrical, the structure of the invention functions under load like a bi-directional homogeneous tile or space structure.

In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic top plan view of the tile according to the invention forming a midsole, with the first | the size and placement of the top pole plates according to the embodiment as well as the size and placement of the boxed spacers of ··· · 25 steel sheets.

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Fig. 2 shows the slab of Fig. 1 which forms the midsole, also in its entirety also from above, schematically, with the size and placement of the lower bar plates as well as the steel plate-like spacers • ·. ·· ♦. 30 den size and placement are displayed.

Fig. 3 shows a slab according to the invention which forms the same spacer as in Figs. 1 and 2, schematically in plan view, with the size and the 35 placement are displayed. Here the directions of the contact surfaces of the spacers are approximately parallel to the contours of the building.

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Figure 4 shows schematically the positioning of the box-shaped spacers or boxes of the steel sheet according to the invention. In the figure, the rotation of the first type [lined] and second type [lined] boxes according to the invention is shown in the margins of the midsole.

Fig. 5 shows, by way of example, an exterior reinforcing bar and / or lower reinforcing plate of the reinforced concrete in accordance with the invention in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the panel, which also corresponds to the viewing direction of Figs.

The figure shows only the placement of reinforcing bars in the concrete slab in accordance with the invention. In addition to these concrete irons related to the invention, there may be other cross-reinforcements in the batten plate. Reinforced concrete battens have exterior dimensions and spacing between the reinforcement bars according to the building and its location.

15

Figures 6 and 7 show in detail two different embodiments of a steel plate spacer or box according to the invention, i.e. a first type box and a second type box, both of which are preferably used with each other between the upper and lower bar plates 20 or at least one.

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Figure 8 generally illustrates the connection of the steel sheet boxes according to the invention to each other to form box strings and rows parallel to the tile plane perpendicular to the plane of the tile, and importing a separately manufactured lower bar and top bar sheet. in place, in accordance with a first embodiment of the method of the invention, on opposite sides of a box group for first connecting the boxes and the batt plates • ·. ♦ ··. 30 and the other combination, or tiling elements, as axonometric images.

. Fig. 9 shows one embodiment of the finished midsole according to the invention and an area showing the attachment of individually manufactured batten plates to 35 boxes by means of tile clamps on the reinforcing bars, and providing a continuous reinforcement of the reinforcing bars and reinforcement bars; thus, a tile element 10 107555 over the road extension and a bracket means for enhancing the exchange of ducts, pipelines and wires, in a vertical section: an upper bar along the plane 11 of Figure 11 and a lower bar along the plane 11 of Figure 11. This figure does not show concrete reinforcing bars other than those according to the invention for attaching the bar plates and boxes.

Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment of the invention for providing concrete irons over a joint of a batten plate in the same view as in Figure 9.

10

Fig. 11 shows, by way of example, a detail of point lii of Fig. 3, which has a butt joint of the corners of four separately manufactured lower rods and a angular butt connection of four upper rods, in the same direction as Fig. 3. but the butt joint of the ends of the two bar plates and the edge of one of the adjacent bar plates, the bar plates are fastened to the boxes and the concrete bars are made continuous over the extension of the bar plates as described in Figs. 9-11.

20

Fig. 12 shows the same detail as Fig. 11 in horizontal section: · ·: except for the planes IV-IV and concrete of Fig. 9, showing: • '' *: angular connection of the steel sheet boxes according to the invention with tile fasteners

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25 placement.

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Fig. 13 shows, by way of example, a detail of the V of Fig. 1, which shows an embodiment of a bearing joint between a pillar and a slab, on a larger scale and in a horizontal section.

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Fig. 14 shows another type of rigid load-bearing joint between a load-bearing or non-load-bearing wall and a tile «t» according to the invention, with the box facing · ·; · * in vertical section along plane VIII-VIII in Figure 4.

Figure 15 illustrates the general connection of the steel sheet boxes according to the invention to one another perpendicular to the plane of the sheet to form a sheet, i.e. a series of rows and rows parallel to the battens, and exporting the box combination to a lower sheet according to the invention. according to an embodiment, a structural combination of drawers of a group of drawers and a lower bar for a first combination, in axonometric view. In this case, the bottom bar plate and the boxes are in direct contact with each other after the concrete has hardened, forming a so-called "bar". Federal structure.

Figs. 16-17 show another embodiment of the finished midsole according to the invention and the area showing other types of joints between the lower bar boards, upper beams and boxes, i.e. providing the reinforcement of concrete reinforcement over the extension 15 of the lower bar, 15 , in a view similar to that of Figure 9.

Figure 18 illustrates a junction of a finished molded lower barrel and two drawers within the lower barrel area in a vertical section along plane XV-XV of Figure 15 from the junction area of adjacent boxes.

20

Fig. 19 shows a third embodiment of a bearing connection between a pillar and a tray according to the invention, in particular boxes, v 'i, in vertical section: "along X-X of Fig. 20.

Fig. 20 shows a connection between a box and a pillar according to the invention having a triangular bottom shape in a horizontal section, i.e. in a plane ♦ between them, along the plane IX-IX in Fig. 19. Fig. 21 shows a third embodiment of a tile according to the invention, viewed from above, viewed from above, schematically, with the steel plate and the bottom. / "The size and positioning of the · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

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Figure 22 shows a second embodiment of a bearing connection between a column and a tray according to the invention, in particular boxes 35, in vertical section along the plane XII-XII of Figure 23.

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Fig. 23 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the plane XIII-XIII of Fig. 22, showing the column and slab bearing joint of Fig. 22.

Figure 24 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the oval openings of the spacers 5 are of a different vertical section along the plane XV-XV of Figure 15, respectively.

Figure 25 shows the upper and lower bar plates of Figure 24 and the supporting plate used in them; 10 Figure 26 shows an enlarged detail of the upper bar plate of Figure 25,

Figure 27 further illustrates an embodiment of a spacer according to the invention,

Figure 28 illustrates the top pivot plate of Figure 27 and its supporting plate applications, 15

Figure 29 shows the lower bar plate of Figure 27, and

Figure 30 is an enlarged detail of Figure 28.

The invention relates to a composite load-bearing slab comprising a substantially reinforced concrete lower bar 5 and a substantially reinforced concrete batten plate 6. These are kept perpendicular to the plane of the bar plates: H1 spaced by a plurality of rigid spacers 100 · · ·: These spacers are at least in relation to the shear forces in the direction of the plates · ·: 25, but preferably also in relation to the forces perpendicular to the plates · ·:. * ··, at least in the lower bar plate, v: but possibly also in the upper bar plate. Thus, the spacers and the batten plates affixed thereto together form a composite bearing plate. By tile element is meant a combination of a plurality of spacers:: ··: 30, i.e. boxes according to the invention, i.e. a group of boxes and at least one · ***: a bar plate, generally a lower bar plate, which can be treated as a unit. Of course, the tile element can be a combination of two batten plates and a '' / group of boxes between them. The “· element” after the word does not necessarily mean that it is • · * made remotely from the site. *: 35 factories, though that can be done, but also means such a combination made on site. In most cases, a plurality of tiling elements are connected to one another and, of course, to walls and / or columns, although there are places where only one tiling element can be used.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, both the upper batten plate 6 and the lower batten plate 5 or at least one of them are separate, i.e., independently of spacers, reinforced concrete slabs of lengths L2 and L1, widths W2 and W1 and substantially smaller thickness S2 and S1. . 5, 10 8-11 and only as a top bar plate 6 in Figures 25 and 28. According to another embodiment of the invention, both the top bar plate 6 and the lower bar plate 5, or at least one of them, are directly engaged in the spacers, as will be described below. wherein the stiffeners or one of the stiffeners are manufactured after the spacers have been fabricated and bonded to each other by direct casting of a suitable type of concrete into the spacers. In this case too, the bar plates have lengths L2 and L1, widths W2 and W1, and thicknesses S2 and S1 which are substantially smaller in length and width. 15 to 18, 27, and only for the lower bar 5, in Figs. 25 and 29. The reinforcing bars 28, 29 intended for e.g. for securing and reinforcing the bonding between the strut plates and the metal spacers, extends parallel to the plane of the strut plates in both the longitudinal direction L1, L2 and the width direction W1, W2, i.e. in the transverse directions, as will be explained below. Preferably, the top bar panel and: the lower bar panel are prestressed panel elements L1, L2 in their longitudinal direction,

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but non-prestressed in the width direction W1, W2. It is understood that non-tensioned braze plates can also be used in the slab of the invention.

These bars are shown separately from Figs. 5 and 8. Fig. 5 shows • · ·; example of a chord plate with two openings 45, one of which is a inspection hatch · <· «; and another for the pillar. It is clear that the stiffening plates can be made in other shapes depending on the application. The batten plates are mainly rectangular, ** ···: 30, but may have other shapes, particularly at the edges of the tile, as can be seen in Figures 1-3. They also depict sticks with two sides:! ·. are one direction and the third page is perpendicular to these, but the fourth page ···! is at an angle other than a right angle to the parallel sides.

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Depending on the situation, other shapes can be produced as long as • · · ”35 the shank extends over a number of spacers. The length L2, L1 of the upper pole plate 6 and the lower pole * ··· '5 correspond to the length 107555 14 and / or the width of at least two boxes 1, 2, i.e. the lengths T1 or T2 perpendicular to them and W1, W2 respectively. the length and / or the width of the box, i.e. the length T1 or T2 of the side walls perpendicular to them. Preferably, the length L1, L2 of the upper braid plate 6 and the lower batten plate 5 correspond to the aforementioned length and / or width of at least three 5 drawers, and typically at least four of the aforementioned lengths and / or widths. Typically, the lengths of the batten plates 5, 6 are between about 6 m and about 12 m, whereby according to the invention there are 5 to 10 bins and the width about 1.2 m, 2.4 m or 3.6 m. fits 1 to 3 boxes according to the invention. Thus, the 10 drawer plates extend over a plurality of boxes. These dimensions thus reflect the dimensions of the tile element.

The spacers 100 are, according to the invention, hollow predominantly rectangular boxes 1, 2, the walls of which consist of a steel plate 7. The boxes preferably have at least two types, first rectangular rectangular type 1 and second type described below. The third type 3 and fourth type 4 rectangular rectangles to be described will be described. Boxes typically have four vertical side walls 10a to 10d mounted which form a rectangle if the bottom of the box has a rectangular section perpendicular to its side walls. At the edges of the tile, if the appearance of the tile differs from the rectangle, it is also possible to use partially rectangular rectangular boxes with only three mounted vertical side walls 10a-10c or boxes with four side walls one »·: 25 forms an angle different from a right angle to two parallel • ·:. ' i relative to the side wall. Thus, there may be a further fifth of 55 types, which is · · · v; a triangular bottom shape, and a sixth type 56, which is trapezoidal * * * v: bottom shape (Figure 3). In other areas of the tile, for example, the aforementioned rectangular boxes are used, which then constitute the majority of the tile sizes as shown in Figures 1-4, particularly Fig. 4. By way of exception, the bottom shape, i.e., perpendicular to its side walls, may also be used. •, · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·. for the pillar, the seventh type 57 boxes as shown in Figure 20. These four sidewalls 10a-10d or three sidewalls 10a-10c respectively, transverse to the chord plates and preferably · · * ··· * perpendicular to the top bar plate and lower barrel , each 15 107555 has a generally through opening 8, 9 having a length T3, T4 of at least 30% of the length T1, T2, i.e. the box length or width, of the side wall in question, and a height H2 of at least 50% of the height of said side wall. H3, ie the height of the box. Boxes with openings 5 sidewalls are used in the middle of the slab, while boxes with one or more walls without holes, i.e. intact metal plates, can be used at the edges of the slab and at the load-bearing pillars. However, the diameter of the openings, i.e. length T3, T4 or height H2, is at least 30 cm and at most nearly equal to the length or height respectively of the side wall. Each of the side walls 10a-10d and 10a-10c of box 10 have a cross-section perpendicular to the chord planes, whereby all upper flanges 16a-16d and 16a-16c respectively of each box on the upper pivot plate and each sub-flange 15 on the lower pillar plate respectively, 15a -15c point to each other. The flanges each consist of the same 15 steel plates as the side wall in question. The sidewalls are thus in fact a U-profile having a wide web perpendicular to the bar plates and narrow flanges against the bar plates. Flanges 15a-15d and 16a-16d; The widths P1 of 15a to 15c and 6a to 16c shall not exceed 15% of the distance between the opposite side walls, i.e. the length T1 of the side walls perpendicular thereto or 20 T2 respectively for the rectangular or square box bottom or the rectangular box for the opposite corner; . The width P1 of the flanges, of course, differs substantially: '': zero, i.e. the structure has clear flanges. The lengths and widths of the boxes, i.e. the side walls, are: T1, T2 in the direction of the batten plates are at least one and a half times the length of the boxes H3, i.e. the length of the corners 17, in a direction perpendicular to the backs. Preferably, the side walls of the boxes • · ·: 10a to 10d are of equal length so that the bottom shape of the boxes is square. Typically, ··· 1 drawers are still large in length and width T1 and T2 with a height of about 120 cm, while the height of the drawers is typically about 50 cm. It is clear that ·: ··: 30 can be significantly different depending on the site.

. · "*: The side walls 10a-10d and 10a-10c are at least substantially and preferably of size: * ·. In their femininity, i.e., their entire surface area, whereby the side walls of the adjacent boxes * · · ·] come into effective contact with each other. · * Are fastened to each other in an easy way.

35 * »• · • · · 16 107555

In the finished load-bearing slab, the separately manufactured lower bracket plate 5 is connected by slab fasteners 11,12 from at least the lower flange areas of the corners between the lateral walls of each box to these boxes, or is structurally bonded to the boxes, preferably their lower flanges. The separately manufactured top batt plate is joined by tile fasteners 11,12 from at least the areas of the upper flanges of the corners between the side walls of each drawer, or is structural molded 90 into the drawers, preferably a bottom panel 86 over their upper flanges. The basic structures of the invention described above provide a composite load-bearing slab in which the chamfer 5, 6 or at least the lower bar 5 is formed of reinforced concrete slabs made or adhered to the slabs; -15 three-dimensional and plate-shaped diagonal rods, and in the area of the flange edges, the steel material extending to the dimensions of the flanges and side walls, the structure of the cross stiffening beams. The result is extremely robust and relatively light. Because the chips are made of massive reinforced concrete slabs with a predetermined thermal capacity, the structure according to the invention has good fire safety and fire resistance. The tile according to the invention is suitable for use in buildings not only as intermediate floors, but also as upper and lower floors or the like.

It is noted in this connection that, in accordance with the invention, the batten plates are aggregate-based or equivalent hard and aggregate concrete and not, for example, porous lightweight concrete or insulated concrete. It has been assumed above that the tile is essentially • ♦: 25 flat, which is the most common and customary case where the bar plates are • ·!. * ·: Parallel and the other definitions mentioned above are relatively accurate.

: However, there is nothing to prevent the tile from forming into a grate tray with the ribs at the top and bottom flanges of the boxes. Preferably, the overall height of the rib and the thickness of the slab are then 60 mm and 40 mm respectively in the upper bar plate, 60 mm ·: ··: 30 and 20 mm in the lower bar plate. The flat part of the tile is on the floor and ceiling side.

• · · »·

For firm attachment of individually made upper pole plates 6 and / or lower pole plates 5 with tile fasteners 11 and / or 12 so that the fixing can withstand not only the shear forces but also the transverse forces of the bar plate in the upper flanges 16a - 16d and 15d is attached to the plate-like reinforcements 13 extending from the region 10 of angles 17 to 107555 17 of the angles K between the side walls along the flange edge 18 between the sidewall and its flange, and thereafter in the opening direction of the angle K between the sidewalls. Typically, these reinforcements 13 are triangular or rectangular triangles. These may, if necessary, be located not only at the angles K but also in the central 5 of the flanges 15, 16, whereby two of them form one seamless piece. They then provide additional chord plate connection options with tile clips 11.12. The first dimension V1 in the direction of the side walls, i.e. the length of the triangle head, is between 5% to 20% of the length T1, T2 of that side wall and the second dimension V2 in said direction of opening, i.e. the height of the triangle 10 in the right angle bisector According to one embodiment, the first counterparts 21 of the tile fasteners 11,12 are attached to these reinforcements and project from the curtain surface E formed by the flanges or reinforcements thereon, and thus out of the space delimited by the box 1, 2. The box has two such curtain surfaces E on opposite sides and generally parallel, so that the curtain surfaces may also be referred to as box top E and bottom E. In an alternative embodiment, reinforcements 13 have a hole 20 extending first tile clamping member 21 , 6 and projecting 20 from the outer surface 19 of the batten plate located on the side of the boxes. The first counterparts 21 of the tile fasteners 11,12 are, for example, stud bolts or pins or wedge bolts or the like, and the second counterpart 22 of the tile fasteners are then nuts or locking pins or bent part of the first counterpart, or the like. The tile fastener 11,12 is preferably located in the area K of the sides of the boxes • ♦: 25 at substantially the same distance from each of the side walls.

Alternatively, by a structural joint 90 for firm attachment of the upper pole plates 6 and / or the lower pole plates 5 to the drawers in such a way that the fixing is resistant not only to the cut - *: **: 30 but also against the pole plate transverse forces, at least the lower flanges 15a - 15d, 15a - 15c of the boxes, are cast onto the concrete mass 26, which cures:! ·. After that, the boxes are firmly attached to the chord plate. In principle, this procedure, «·! can be applied to both the lower bar and the boxes as well as the upper bar, whereupon the top flanges of the boxes 16a-16d, 16a-16c, <· · 'are, of course, cast into the concrete; [: 35 but generally it is most appropriate to apply this to the lower bar only,: · · · 'as shown in Figures 15 -18.

18 107555

Thus, the two methods of manufacturing the strut plates and attaching them to the boxes thus result in a composite box-strut plate, both of which contribute to the load bearing. Alternatively, the separately manufactured top pole plate 6 may be arranged in place as shown in Figures 26 and 30.

Figures 24 to 30 show two embodiments of the invention in which two spacers 100 of different shapes are connected to the lower and upper ribs (Figures 24 and 27). Figures 25 and 26 show an upper pole plate 6 consisting of interconnected elements 10 6 running longitudinally tensile steels 84 in a neutral plane. The embodiment of Figure 28 also shows transversely extending non-tensioning steels 83 in the neutral plane and symmetrically above and below their longitudinally tensile steels 84, to prevent bending of the strainer plate. Figures 25 and 29 show a lower bar plate 5, which is made up of elemental plates wider than the preceding images, in which the cross-reinforcement 28, 29 passes in the elements centrally unstretched. Longitudinal and transverse steels in the upper pole plates are only longitudinally tensioned.

In transverse stern plate 6, transverse steels 83 are present only at support plate 63 20 (Fig. 28).

The shape of the box of Figure 24 is due to the fact that the top pole plate 6 is not structurally: connected to the support plate 63, whereby additional sheet material is required. Reinforcements can also be obtained by juxtaposing boxes such as those shown in Figure 24 or 27, of which: · ·: 25 the material of the second box 1 (hole 8) is thicker than the other, whereby the openings of the · ·: Λ: material box 2 (hole 9) smaller than another • · ·: box. Shape and material can always be selected as needed. Figs. 26 and • · · v: 30 show details of the connection between the upper barbell of Fig. 25 and the upper barbell of Fig. 28. In Fig. 26, a ·: **: 30 space 69 formed by the opposite edges 31 of the panel elements, to which the pin 52 of the support plate 63 extends, is poured concrete over the top flanges 16a-16d of the boxes. A similar procedure is shown in Figure 30 with:! ·. with the difference that the support plate 63 is provided with a connector 87 of various shapes which are inserted into the holes · 92 for each side of the joint. The upper pole plate of Figures 26 and 30 is connected to the boxes in the first case not structurally «« · '· * ♦ 35 and in the second structurally by means of a pin connection and a bolt stud respectively.

• · «· 19 107555

There are at least two types of boxes according to the invention, one of which has substantially larger openings 8 in the side walls of the first type box 1 and possibly thicker material than the second type box 2. In the aforementioned sizes, generally 120 cm. in the long and wide boxes, the larger openings 5? 8 preferably have a length T 3 of about 100 cm, and the smaller openings 9 preferably have a length T 4 of about 60 cm. Boxes of these two types are arranged between the upper barrel relevance 6 and the lower barrel plate 5 in two transverse or perpendicular directions corresponding to the plane of the barrel level, alternately as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 4. the smaller aperture changes locations, as well as possibly thicker and thinner material, while the larger aperture 8 and the smaller aperture 9 in the adjacent side walls facing each other are aligned, resulting in a vertical neutral plane change to a wavy neutral surface, which reduces the box incidence and the risk of torsion. Apertures of different shapes and possibly material thicknesses are alternated to achieve optimum material utilization under different static conditions. Remembering that only the relatively narrow flanges 15a-15d and 16a-16d or 15a-15c and 16-16c protrude from the flange edges 18 of the side walls, each of the sides of box 1, 2 has remarkably large openings, a sheet metal strip extending from the two sides of the edges 18 and a metal sheet strip extending from the two sides of the angled edges 17, all preferably consisting of: ": but not necessarily the same and one piece of sheet material. The fourth type of box 4 otherwise corresponds to the first type of box 1, but has · · 25 one of the openings in the side walls 10a or 10b or 10c or 10d, and in particular the side wall facing the building wall 50 smaller than the other openings, i.e. ··· · The v * side walls have three large openings and one small opening. Nothing prevents, for example, one side wall from being arranged to be open. This enclosed boxed or walled side wall 10a or 10b or 10c or 10d of box 4 holds *: ··! 30 is provided either in the two L-profiles 51 in the load-bearing wall, whereby the edge of the slab is rigidly connected to the wall or in one of the L-profiles in the load-bearing wall, so that the edge of the slab is supported articulated joint to the wall, which therefore • · '· * carries vertical forces but not torque. The edge of the tile can also be stiffened by this L-profile 51 even if the wall is not load-bearing, as in Figure 14.

'* ··· * At least in this case, but possibly also in the other cases mentioned above, it is advantageous to fasten the outermost boxes with the plate fasteners 23 of the L-profile 51. Thus, the fifth type box 55 is triangular and may have openings or, for example, only two sides or different sides of a box may have holes of different sizes. The latter variants are suitable for use 5 together with a fourth type of box 4 at the edge of the tile, while the former option is suitable for attaching to the center of the tile one to another from its side surfaces, as the first and second types of boxes 1, 2. Fifth type boxes 55, thus generally referred to as 55, 10 may have three different subtypes, the first 55a having larger openings in the side walls and the second 55b having smaller openings in the sidewalls, and the third 55c having larger openings in two walls and one wall. for the second and fourth boxes. Fifth type boxes 55 can also be used, for example, for columns 15 where all the side walls 10a to 10c are open. Otherwise, the fifth type of boxes 55 and 55a, 55b, 55c, respectively, will be subject to all that is described with respect to the first and second type of boxes 1, 2.

The openings 8, 9 in the side walls of the boxes may be circular, i.e. circular, or elongated, such as oval. The elongated holes may be elliptical, a combination of two opposing circular arcs and a straight line joining their ends on a concave side, a rectangle with rounded corners or a square square. Other types of shapes may also be used as long as they have sufficient rounding • »· * ... **. The openings 8, 9 must under no circumstances be sharp-pointed, but strongly rounded. At the edges of openings 8, 9, there are at least no significant folds, • which are not counted as folds or »··: corner portions where plate-like guides 39 ··· 1 pass through a row of openings.

*: **: 30 There is also a third type of box 3 mentioned, which may be open or thicker in material, which generally corresponds to its side walls and flanges: *. ·. completely either the first box type 1 or the second box type 2 but can. ···. also the fourth type of box 4. In addition, the third type 3 box comprises the side walls 10a-10d of the box always diagonally indented or pointing diagonally to each other from the four "35 K regions of the two walls between the four" 35 angles K in the seventh type of box. 57, respectively, has three diagonal brackets 35a-35c facing each other diagonally from regions of the three sidewalls 10a-10c. These boxes also include counter-fastening means 37 for attaching to the pillar Diagonal brackets 35a-35d and 35a-5 35c have substantially the same height as and a suitable specific width F in the direction of the batten plates which is at least equal to one flange width P1, preferably equal to two to three flange widths, i.e. about 2P1 or about 3P1. The four diagonal brackets 35a to 35d, 35a to 35c are an equal length G extending from the angular edges 17 or side walls 10 of this three-way box to the counter-fastening members 37 of the column 36 extending perpendicular to the plane of the bar plates 37. The diagonal brackets 35a to 35d, 35a to 35c from the corresponding angular corner 17, the first counterpart 21 of the tile fasteners 12 or the first counterpart of the tile fasteners 11, analogous to the tile fasteners or the holes in the drawers themselves. These said first counterparts or apertures corresponding to the first counterpart, respectively, are located on the upper surface of the diagonal bracket 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d facing the upper pole plate 6 and on the lower surface facing the lower pole plate 5. As will be understood from the figures, this upper surface and lower surface of the diagonal brackets are preferably aligned, i.e. in the same planes as the upper surface and lower surface E of the box curtain surfaces E and the diagonal brackets are thus substantially horizontal.

J * *: The diagonal brackets may be l-beams or box-shaped [[[: beams or the like. It will be appreciated that the third and seventh types: boxes 3 and 57 may include other types of counter-fastening means for connecting the box 37 and thus the box of the invention either rigidly or pivotally: T: to pillar 36. Said boxes 1-4, 55-57 consist of plate thickness: Y is typically between 2 mm and 7 mm, and generally between 3 mm and 5 mm, but depending on the size of the slab and the load, the plate thickness can be as low as 30 or even smaller.

• · · • · «« «. Said boxes 1-4, 55-57 are arranged on the lower barrel plate 5 or between the upper barrel plate 6 and the lower barrel plate 5 so that in the direction of the barrel plates adjacent «« * '; * * the planar side walls 10a -10d of the boxes are substantially in contact with each other and so that the side walls 10a -10d of the adjacent boxes or 10a-10c I t | : ... * · Are in a straight line with each other, so that the boxes form 22 107555 uniform contact lines M with respect to each other. The previously mentioned neutral surface is then wavy on both sides of the contact line M. These contact lines M are thus formed, with the boxes having a rectangular shape, in two directions perpendicular to each other and having the same distances as the side walls T1, T2 of the boxes 1-4. Alternatively, the contact lines M are thus formed when the boxes are triangular in shape, at two angles of 60 ° to each other, and are spaced as long as the side walls of the boxes 55-57.

Adjacent drawers 1-4, 55-57 are joined together by plate fasteners 23 which engage the side walls 10a-10d or 10a-10c of the boxes that are in contact with one another and effectively squeeze the side walls of the adjacent drawers against one another. These plate fasteners are located in the region of the corner edges 17 of the side walls, the flange edges 18 and the edge of the respective opening 8, 9. The disc fasteners 23 are screws, bolts, rivets or the like, or the disc fasteners 23 may consist of suitable types of welds, such as spot welds, strip welds, laser welds or any other suitable welds, or may include suitable press fittings, folding joints or nails.

20

According to the most preferred embodiment of the invention, in the finished composite load-bearing slab, the length L2 of the upper batten plate 6 is transverse, typically perpendicular to the length L1 of the lower batten plate 5, whereby and 2 basis. Similarly, ··, * .; of course, the width W2 of the top bar plate 6 is transverse, typically perpendicular, to: T: the width W1 of the bottom bar plate 5. In order to achieve this structure: T: the upper pole plates 6 can only be mounted in place for the installation and use of the tile, while the lower pole plates 5 with the boxes 1-4, 55-57 pre-attached to them, e.g. *: Y1 or semi-finished element. In this embodiment. The lengths L2 and / or widths W2 of the upper beams may be of different sizes than the lengths L1 and / or W1 of the lower beams. If, again, it is desired that the preparatory «« *; fully finished composite load-bearing tiles can be shipped from the factory • «:. 35 ton elements, it is expedient to use the same size top bar plates 6 and lower bar plates 5 and align them on the outer surfaces E of the boxes 1-4, 23 107555 55-57 between them to form a finished second assembly Y2 as shown in Figure 3.

Both the upper batten plate 6 and the lower batten plate 5 have at least 5 separate concrete irons 28,29 within the concrete 26 according to the invention disposed transversely and generally spaced and mounted in boxes or at least pairs of concrete irons 30 according to the invention such that two concrete irons 28,29a or at the same distance B1b from the outer surface 19 of the batt plate which points in the direction of the boxes and contacts 10 sets of boxes against the aforementioned curtain surface E. The distance B2 between the two concrete bars 28, 29 of each pair of concrete irons in the direction of the batten plate is equal to or slightly less than the thickness R1 of the first counterpart 21 of the tile fasteners 11.12 but smaller than the thickness R2 of the second counterpart 22 of the tile fasteners the thickness R3 of the base of the counterpart 21.

The concrete iron pairs 30 preferably extend in the batten plates in the direction of said contact lines M and the center line 27 of each concrete iron pair at the first-to-first mating members of the tile fasteners. Specifically, the two pairs of concrete iron 30 intersect at each of the slab fasteners 11,12, whereby the first counterpart 21 of the slab fastener extends from the center of the intersection of the four concrete iron. Laattakiin-; The first counterparts of the joints 11,12 are stud bolts or pins or the like, having a base diameter R3 or a diameter of the washer under the base. R3 is greater than the distance B2 between the concrete bars of the intersecting concrete iron pairs.

The second counterparts 22 of the tile fasteners 11,12 are nuts or locking pins or bent portions of the first counterpart or the like having at least one transverse dimension R2 in the direction of or below the battens, greater than that of the concrete reinforcing bars 29 30 distance B2. With this arrangement, the tile clamps are very efficiently supported on the concrete bars of the · · ..... batten plate. As shown in Figure 9, the second counterparts 22 of the tile fasteners are embedded in the recesses 58 from the surface of the batten plate away from the boxes, so that the second counterparts are directly supported by the concrete reinforcements * · »28, 29. Similarly, the first counterparts 21 of the tile fasteners concrete 26 such that the first counterparts 21, such as their # #; * * *: Heels are directly supported by concrete bars 28.29.

· * R 24 107555

The concrete reinforcing bars of the concrete iron pairs 30 described above may consist of brushed steel, steel wire, ridge wire, wire braids, etc. In addition to the concrete iron pairs 30, the bars 5, 6 may have other concrete bars, the alternatives of which are described below. If the strap plate 5, 6 is to be tensioned, either a gripping technique to obtain a prestress or a post-tensioning to a non-gripping technique may be applied. For prestressing, prestressing steels are placed in the concrete casting mold and subjected to tensile stress, followed by casting of the concrete 26 and allowing the concrete to cure, after which the prestressing steels and the casting are released from the mold. Prestressing occurs only in one direction of the chord plate, usually in the length-10 direction. This is a technique well known in itself, so it will not be described further here. For post-tensioning, pipes for post-tensioning steels are placed in the batten plate, otherwise the casting of the concrete is performed as untensioned casting. When assembling the tile according to the invention, post-tensioning steels are inserted into said tubes, which are subjected to tensile stress after affixing the batten plate 5 or 15 6 to the boxes 1-4, 55-57 with tile fasteners and appropriately anchoring the tensioning steels The post-tensioning steels may extend uninterrupted from adjacent strut plates to one another, and the post-tension steels may be provided both longitudinally and widthwise of the strut plate. This is otherwise known technique and is not described further herein except that in the solution of the invention, no grout such as concrete mortar or the like is injected inside the pipes, between it and the post-tensioning steels. Thus, there will be no post-tensioning wire or wire: in the length of the adhesion between it and the chord plate, but only within the boundaries between the chord plates. This allows the use of thin diameter tubes • ·: 25 in a relatively thin bar plate 5, 6. tension steels can be • · rods, cables or wires. The third option is to form a chord plate

M1: 5, 6 without pre-tension and post-tension. Of course, conventional concrete 26 can of course be used, but it is preferable to use fiber reinforced concrete 26, i.e. fiber concrete, in which any amount of steel fiber in the concrete composition forms *: **: 30 reinforcement at least relatively uniformly distributed in the concrete. Concrete may * "*: contain other fibers. In addition to and / or in place of these, the batt plate may, if necessary: include mesh reinforcements, one part of which is iron pairs or the like.

· *> R · i »t« «·

East l i • *

Figures 15 -18 illustrate another embodiment of the invention in which

I «I

* · 35 the lower barrel plate 5 is secured in boxes 1-4, 55-57 in another way, i.e. there is a structural connection 90 between them. The lower flanges on the lower bar side sides of the boxes 25 107555 15a - 15d, 15a - 15c within the cured concrete mass 26 of the lower barrel, as can be seen in the figures, whereby a portion of the thickness S1 of the lower barrel concrete, usually a smaller one, extends along H4 from the height H2 of the side walls 10a-10d, 10a-10c. Further, the reinforcing bars 28, 29 in the lower barrel plate, which in this case 5 pass through the lower barrel plate 5, are connected to boxes, for example their lower flanges by welding or otherwise. In this case, it is not necessary to use the described reinforcing iron pairs 30 although this is possible, but in general it is expedient to use several concrete irons 28, 29 across the width and length of each drawer, e.g. mesh reinforcing, thus transverse and generally spaced there is no need to be exactly equal in any way. Normal concrete reinforcement technology applies in this case. However, it is expedient to arrange the concrete irons 28 and 29 to run close to the contact lines M of the boxes attached to each other, which means that the concrete irons run either at and parallel to the bottom flanges of the boxes or at least near these lines. These reinforcing bars 28, 29 are intended to be connected to the corresponding reinforcing bars of the adjacent batten plate as described elsewhere. It is clear that other or other types of reinforcements may be provided on the chord plate. This structure does not use reinforcements at the corners of the boxes 13.

20th Fig. 17 illustrates an embodiment in which bracket steels 89 are welded to the bottom flanges of the box fixed to the side of the element and protrude from the side of the element. This protruding portion protrudes downwardly into the adjacent element • · · [so that the fastening member 95 can be connected from below; · · · *; '· 25 through 89 holes in tile steel, through holes in the lower flange of the adjacent box to the adjacent i * ·' element. The joint is then filled with concrete, which is preferably at least: as strong as that used to make the element.

Fig. 18 shows an element in which the lower flanges (15a-15d) of the box are molded '· · · 30 to the lower bar plate 5. Cross or mesh reinforcement 28, 29 as well as short extra bars 85 are attached to the flanges.

• ·. In another type of upper hinged plate 6, the lower surface may be formed by areas between the upper flanges 16a-16d, 16a -16c of the boxes 1-4, 55-57, i.e., the inner space 35 of the boxes formed by a metal base or bottom plates 86 which may include clips, folds or the like. 26 107555 for infection. The upper flanges may also have bolt studs or studs or other studs 87 for engaging the concrete 26. A structural joint 90 is then obtained between the concrete and the above plate and the upper flanges. In this construction, the support plates 63 mounted on the upper flanges should be used, as mentioned earlier, around the line of the box corners 5 17, i.e. at the intersections of the side walls 10a to 10d, 10a to 10c. 16. As required, box 1 with larger openings box 2 with smaller openings may alternate such that the first is thicker in material than the second to reinforce the structure.

10

Possible concrete iron pairs 30 extend up to the batten board edge surface 31 (Figs. 9-11), where the concrete iron ends have connecting members 32 for securing to each other the concrete irons 28, 29 of adjacent double rails, i.e. first combinations Y1 or second combinations Y2. Said connecting members 32 consist, for example, of welding pieces 40, each of which is attached to the concrete bars of at least one pair of beton iron 30 and extends parallel to the beam surface 31 of the batten plate and whose exposed surface is greater than the cross sections of the concrete pair. The surfaces A1 and A2 may equally well extend along the peripheral surface 31 of the batt plate. With the bar plates 20 in their final position, with the bar plates edges 31 in a butt position relative to each other, the adjacent top bar plates and the lower | 'the welding pieces 40 of the strut plates aligned. A small * ··· ’gap between them is provided with a bridging piece 33 which is welded to the two opposing ··· welding pieces. As an alternative embodiment, fasteners 41.42, each attached to at least · «»: one pair of concrete bars in the concrete bars and projecting as a flat portion of the 43 • ··· edge of the barrel • ·: are mainly used in the direction of the barrel. A suitable type of fastener 34 or fasteners passes through the flat portion or flat portions 43 of the fasteners against the irons of the pair of concrete bars 30 in the transverse direction. The connecting means 32 hitherto described may extend partially or fully:. along all edge surfaces 31 and can be secured with concrete reinforcing bars. * *. ···. rit and the ends of any net reinforcements. With these solutions, the concrete iron pairs 30 of the adjacent and extending upper batten plates 6 and the concrete beams 30 of the lower beams 5 respectively are rigidly and load-bearing '· · · * 35 bonded to each other, i.e. the reinforcing bars functionally continue to break. After continuity of the concrete irons is achieved, the small gap between the edges 31 of the batten plates at butt positions 27 107555 is filled with concrete or other hard mortar or the like 69.

In order to connect the aforementioned semi-finished tiling elements 5, which include a lower barrel and a set of boxes attached thereto, or a set of finished tile elements containing a top bar and lower barrel, and between them, the outer walls of the outermost boxes 10a to 10d or 10a and fastened to each other by plate fasteners in accordance with the invention exactly 10, as well as boxes in the region of each barboard, i.e. a semi-finished or finished element, the dimensions of the bars and boxes must meet certain criteria. For this purpose, the maximum length L1, L2 and the maximum width W1, W2 of the strap plates are smaller than the total length (Σ [T1, T2]) of the at least two drawer side walls 10a to 10d in the direction of said strap length 15 and width respectively. However, this clearance N is as small as possible. Advantageously, the edges 31 of the batten board edges are bevelled, though not necessarily at least partially, so that the length and width of the batten board on the side facing away from the boxes are correspondingly smaller than the bevels. Further, it should be emphasized that the thickness S1, S2 of each of the drawers is substantially less than the height H3 of the drawers in a direction perpendicular to the drawers, preferably having a thickness of S1, S2 of not more than 30%, * * but at least 5% % -10%: height of boxes H3. Typical thickness of the batten plate 5, 6 is between: 50mm -100mm, and generally 60-80mm, but may be greater or lesser, depending on the spacing of the slabs and the load applied to the slab * ··:.

• · · • · · «· ·

As a special feature, said openings 8, 9 of the side walls of the boxes 10a - 10d, 10a - 10c are located substantially centrally in each of the *. **: 30 side walls, whereby the boxes of side boxes which are connected to each other:. are in line M with each other, openings 8 and 9 of different size coincide. At the bottom of these matching holes are guides 39 of thin sheet material, extending over at least two boxes 1-4, 55-57, but generally more or as many as possible. multiple box drawings, such as length L1, L2 or possibly width W1, W2, to provide a flat mounting base 28 107555 between the plates for fast and easy placement and modification of wiring, tubing and / or ducts and the like.

The slab according to the invention can be connected in various ways to the load-bearing columns and typically the slab is secured to the columns by means of said box and / or attachments attached thereto. Also, the counter-fastening members attached to the pillar, commonly referred to as 37, may differ significantly from one another in the various embodiments. 13, 19, 20, 22 and 23. In an alternate embodiment, the diagonal brackets 35a to 35c, which may protrude toward each other, either from the side walls 10a to 10d, from 10a to 10c, or from the corner edges 17, are shown. , extending is a collar 67 which is arranged to surround the pillar 36. The pillar is then formed with right-through horizontal holes 70. When the box 57 is positioned around the through-pillar of the slab, the horizontal bolts 70 and the corresponding holes in the collar are mounted. 19, 20, thus providing a very rigid and moment-carrying connection between the composite panel and the column, so that the columns may not otherwise be rigidly supported, 20to carry the loads. Depending on need, the pillars 36 can be formed to the length of the building, as in Figures 22-23, whereby a 'tile is fixed to or near the upper end of the lower pillar 36,' in which case the upper end of the lower pillar 36 . In this case, * · '' 25 the next upper pillar 36 may be attached to the lower slab by either a pivot joint 79, as in Figures 22-23, which also allows for horizontal movements, or by ♦ ♦ · v; alternatively in a rigid manner, such as with the support area 72. The pillar 36 may also be longer than the interlayer space, whereby the pillar will continue uninterrupted and uniform through the tile and the boxes as shown in Figure 19. The pillars themselves may be of any internal or external design for any purpose:. suitable type.

Il »«. ·. Similarly, the slab may be rigidly fixed to the walls 50 and torque-carrying, as shown in Figure 14, where the outermost boxes 4 of the fourth type • · * ··· '35 may be secured to the L-profile 51 on the wall. 50 and the height H3 of the boxes is between 29 107555 between these flanges. Further, the L-profile 51 and the side wall and / or the upper flange and / or the lower flange of the boxes 4 can be attached to one another in any suitable manner. The tile can also be fixed to the wall 50 by means of articulation, whereby the outermost boxes of the tile rest on the lower leg of the wall-mounted L-profile 5, whereby the vertical load from the tile is transferred to the wall 50 but not to the torque. The wall can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. If it is not a load-bearing slab, it is supported by the pillars and the walls are lightweight cladding supported by the slab.

The invention also relates to a method of providing a composite load-bearing tray of the type described above. The method comprises the following steps. For each spacer 100, i.e. the box according to the invention, only one piece of steel plate cut to predetermined dimensions is taken and shaped into a hollow rectangular box 1, 2, 3,4, 55, 56, 57 as follows. The steel sheet pieces cut to predetermined dimensions are bent at the edges of the first steel sheet 15 with a top flange 16a-16d and a bottom flange 15a-15d or 16a-16c and 15a-15c respectively, each having a width up to 15% T1 or 10d. At least one opening 8, 9 or openings 8, 9 of the type described above is formed in the steel plate pieces between the upper flange and the lower flange, either before or after the bending of said flanges. Typically, four or three of said openings 8 or 9 are made on a steel plate so that one side is centrally located on each side wall 10a-10d or, respectively, of the box. The aperture and apertures have a length T4 of at least 30% of any of the stated lengths of the box parallel to the flanges and at least · · · | 50% of the distance between the flanges. Thereafter, said boxes or pieces of steel sheet are molded into said boxes, so that in each box the flanges 15a - * · * '15d, 16a - 16d and 15a - 15c, 16a - 16c form the upper surface and the lower surface E, • · ·: Which are at a height of H3 of the box and at which the flanges point towards each other, thus leaving a relatively large opening between the flanges on both the upper surface and the lower surface, as can be seen in particular in Figures 6-8.

30 · Each side wall of the flanges 10a - 10d and 10a - 10c, which is substantially perpendicular to the upper surface E and / or the lower surface E and between the flanges, has; ···; according to the invention one opening 8, 9 of this size. the bending of the flanges is accomplished by bending the sheet steel piece along at least three predetermined lines substantially perpendicular to the direction of the flanges 15a to 15d, 16a to 16d or 15a to 15c, 16a to 16c, and being fixed in the direction of the flanges and circumferentially, the ends of 30 107555 steel plate pieces meet each other in a suitable manner, such as welding, riveting or screwing. It will be appreciated that the boxes may be assembled from more than one sheet metal member, for example, each of the four side walls 10a-10d or the three side walls 10a-10c of the box shall be manufactured separately and welded at an angle 17 to 17. The openings 8, 9 in the side walls can be made by laser cutting, other cutting techniques or punched. Thus, the boxes can be manufactured by any suitable technique, in which the size of the production line is often an essential factor. The box itself or the box according to the invention do not impose requirements on the manufacturing technique.

10

Further, in the regions K of the corners between the side walls of the boxes, the through holes of the first counterparts of the tile fasteners 11,12 or the first counterparts respectively are provided to protrude from the upper surface and the lower surface of the box. However, a stronger and thus more advantageous box is obtained by attaching to the upper flanges 16a to 16d, 16a to 16c and / or to the lower flanges 15a to 15d, 15a to 15c, plate-like and usually at least triangular reinforcements 13 in the area K of the lateral walls. and facing surfaces of the lower flanges facing each other or facing each other, and the aforementioned tile bracket holes or tile fasteners to these reinforcements. If the object 20 is to produce composite slabs of Figures 15,17,18, 25 and 29 in which at least the concrete of the lower barrel 5 is fixed to the lower flanges 15a to 15d, 15a to 15c, these boxes are not provided in the boxes; concrete bars 28, 29 in transverse positions relative to each other. Of course, they can consist of standard network reinforcement.

The upper pole plates 6 and the lower pole plates used in the tile according to the invention are molded according to one preferred embodiment of the invention separately from the boxes 1-4, 55-57 according to the invention. To this end, the concrete plates 5, 6 are provided with concrete pouring molds or molds of lengths L1, L2 corresponding to a length and / or width of at least two drawers and a width W1, W2 of at least two lengths and / or widths; placing concrete rods 28, 29 parallel to the stake plate and predetermined in the prescribed manner to the stake plate edge 31. *. at least at predetermined positions, as well as the first · · · counterparts of the tile clamps or the limiters of the through holes of the first counterparts. The other * · * ··· * 35 components inside the casting are also installed. Concrete 26 of a predetermined type is then poured into said molds and allowed to cure the concrete 31 107555, after which the finished batt plate 5, 6 is removed from the mold. Conventional hydraulically cured binder concrete with aggregate or mineral based filler is usually used. The purpose is to obtain a solid and dense, i.e. solid concrete that is substantially free of pores and nothing harmful in the event of a fire. Part of the reinforcement of the batt plate concrete, i.e., other than the previously described iron-iron pairs 30, may be replaced by using fiber-reinforced concrete, i.e., fiber-reinforced concrete. In such fibrous concrete, a part of the filler is formed of steel fibers or wires, which form a reinforcing component and reduce the amount and / or size of other concrete irons, depending on the type and amount of fibers.

The reinforcing bars parallel to the batten plate are placed in the concrete casting mold and thus in the pile-relevant concrete iron pairs 30 in which the distance B1 of the reinforcing bars 28, 29 is greater than the first counterpart thickness of the tile fasteners but smaller than the diameter of the first counterpart or the thickness R3 of the counterpart or the diameter R3 of the washer below. Further, the center lines 27 of the concrete iron pairs are arranged to pass through predetermined locations of slab fasteners. Further, prestressing irons, such as tension braids or the like, may be inserted into the mold and subjected to a prestressing force and, after curing the concrete 26, results in a prestressed steel concrete plate. Prestressed reinforced concrete and its manufacturing techniques are generally known per se, so this aspect of fabrication is not discussed in this application. Alternatively, tubes may be inserted centrally in the mold for post-tensioning ropes or the like, preferably in two transverse or perpendicular directions, known per se; Thus, even half of the manufacture is not discussed in more detail in this application except that a substantially smaller diameter tube is used for the batt plate according to the invention. Of course, in addition to • · · 30, conventional concrete reinforcements, such as brush steels or braids, wire mesh or the like, whether the result is prestressed or post-stressed, with or without these intentional special stresses, can be used 5, 6. Because • * ·. these too are known, and the need depends essentially on the application, not their use or type or amount to be described herein. The pairs 30 of reinforced concrete iron I · '··· ’35 are placed transversely relative to each other such that their intersections are located at predetermined locations of the tile brackets 11, 12, 32 107555 so that the tile brackets are effectively supported by each of the four intersecting concrete irons. In the concrete iron pairs 30, the ends of both concrete irons, which are set to terminate at the edge 31 of the batten plate, are secured, for example, by welding the connecting members 32, which thus jointly connect them to each other. The purpose is to engage the respective connecting members 32 in adjacent substantially parallel battens, thereby creating a continuity of concrete bars in the butt position between the parallel beams 5, 6 of each other. By means of these connecting members, and additionally using either welding or mechanical auxiliary members, the concrete bars of one batten plate 10 are then connected to the concrete beams at the same position of the adjacent batten plate and generally substantially parallel at least one pair of concrete beams at a time. The gap between the edges 31 of adjacent batten plates is last filled with concrete or the like 69.

15

In the step of manufacturing the batten plates, the method further comprises, if necessary, the step of placing the prestressing wires or rods and applying a predetermined biasing force. Alternatively, in said first combination Y1, through the paths in the first batten plate 5 and continuously from at least the batten plate to the adjacent batten plate, post-tensioning wires are applied to a predetermined post-tension force, maintained by "· · · anchoring" 24 seams. Correspondingly, in said second combination Y2 • · »| tensile wires or rods to which a predetermined tensile force is applied are maintained through the paths in the second tuft plate 6 and at least continuously from the tuft plate to the adjacent tuft plate, maintained by anchoring.

• · ·; ·: Due to the small size of the tubes, it is not possible to inject mortar between post-tensioning cables and pipes, but some binder with low viscosity and high fluidity may be injected if necessary.

• »♦ * ...: 30 If strain reliefs are used unstretched, these intersecting reinforcement • components are centrally located to the plate thickness. If prestressing is used only in the longitudinal direction of the board, these components are located exactly in the neutral position of the board. plane; transverse, non-tensioned components symmetrically above and below neutral level I .. to prevent curvature in the strut plates.

4 »35 33 107555

For a final composite tile, a first batten plate 5, which in practice generally forms a lower batten plate, is taken, and a plurality of said bins are positioned on one surface 19 adjacent to the batten plate so that the first counterparts of tile fasteners pass through said holes in 1-4, 55 -57 and first bar plate 5 tightly to each other using second counterparts 22 of slab fasteners 11,12 which engage their first counterparts 21. This produces a first assembly Y1 which is as such a semi-finished product that can be transported from the factory to the assembly site. 10 can be moved to the desired destinations. In that case, the columns are next installed at the site and only then take the second bar 6, which generally forms an upper bar, and place it on the opposite upper or lower surface facing away from the first bar of boxes mounted on the first bar so that the through the said holes in the chord plate, and the same boxes 1 to 4.55 to 57 and the second chord plate 6 are tightly joined to each other using the second counterparts 22 of the tile fasteners 11, 12 which engage their first counterparts 22 to form a second assembly Y2. This second combination corresponds to the prefabricated composite slab 20 without the connection of the adjacent parallel bars of the parallel bars described above. the connection of boxes Y2 of adjacent other combinations. On the other hand, if, for example, one of the first combinations Y1 and the second combinations Y2 described on the first set of plates described above are formed at the factory, the procedure is the same as above, »· · | but only the other combinations Y2 are then transported and moved, and • · · 25 are attached to the pillars 36. When there are at least two of these other combinations, but • * · * · ^ * are usually multiple and their boxes are secured to their side walls 10a-10d, 10a -: ·: * 10c to each other, such as boxes inside another combination, and the concrete bars of the lower pole plates 5 and the concrete bars of the upper pole plates 6 connected to each other ♦. 69, ··· 30 results in a composite slab according to the invention.

♦ • · • · · · «·« «· ·:; According to the invention, particularly mentioned boxes 1-4, 55-57 are placed in a strain relief. on the surface 19 side by side so that the side walls 10a - 10d, 10a - • · ·; / 10c are in contact with each other and the side walls of adjacent drawers are aligned '· * · * 35 directly in line with M. The drawer side walls are bonded to one another by one or more of the areas delimited by one or more of the openings on the side. , by rivets, screws, welding between flange edges and / or along the edges of the openings in the side walls or by other suitable means. The contact lines M of the side walls of the boxes may be substantially perpendicular to the outline of the building, as in Figures 1-4, or at an angle thereto, such as in Figures 20-21.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the boxes are first fastened to each other as mentioned in the preceding paragraph by their side walls 10a -10d, 10a -10c, either by welding, rivets, screws, welding between flange edges 10 and / or along side edges of openings This box set lower flanges 15a-15c and the reinforcing bars 28, 29 or prefabricated nets attached thereto are mounted in the concrete casting mold at a predetermined distance H5 from the outer surface 59 of the lower bar plate 5 by means of spacers 15. The concrete is then poured, allowed to cure, resulting in a tile element according to the invention, i.e. a first combination Y1, wherein a plurality of boxes 1-4, 55-57 are in non-detachable engagement with the concrete of the lower bar 5.

20 At the installation site, for example, each first combination Y1 is placed at its final location at the location of the tile, the batten plate downwardly into the lower batten plate 5,, and the extreme boxes, * ';' 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 55 or 56 or 57 side walls 10a -1 Od, 10a -10c adjacent; 5 first side combination extreme box corresponding side walls 10a ♦ · * · * 25 -1 Od, 10a to 10c or against the walls of the building 50 or other structures • · · '«· · * ·] /. The first combinations are secured to each other by their ♦ · * · * 'sidewalls in areas delimited by flanges, angles between the sidewalls and one opening in the sidewall at one or more of the locations described above. The first composite ··· \ .. 5 30 en Y1 bottom edges of the thus formed lower bar sheets 5 have a predetermined: concrete end bars 28, 29 are joined to the adjacent first composite reinforcing bars edges of the first first combination composite panels. *. Hin. In this embodiment, the second batten plate 6 is then placed against the top surface E of the boxes / backs, so that the bifurcation plate is positioned with respect to the first 35 mm batten plate in the direction of the batten plates such that Z1, Z2 35 107555 straight planes are spaced apart by the length of the boxes LL = T1 or T2 or by the width WL = T2 or T1 or by a multiple of the length or width of the boxes, thus creating another combination Y2 at the construction site. when the securing step 5 of the second stringer plate 6 is carried out at the location of the tile, the second stringer plate becomes the upper stringer relevance, the first stringer plate 5 being the lower straddle plate. In an alternative embodiment, the second stringer plate 6 is secured to the opposite side of the boxes 1-4, 55-57. this can be done at the desired location. In this case, the two strut plates are preferably of the same size and are attached to opposite sides of the plurality of boxes such that the edges of the two strands are, for example, aligned. This produces a finished tile element according to the second combination Y2, which can also be transported if necessary. At the construction site, the tiled elements placed side by side are fastened to each other from their boxes as described above and from the concrete reinforcement bars of the batten plates as described above.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the first assembly Y1 of one of the types described above may also be provided with an upper batt plate by positioning it on the upper flanges 16a-16d, 16a-16c of the bundle group 86, which fill the spacing of the upper flanges of the bins substantially «« t 4 'with respect to running concrete. . * tight or closed top. After this, reinforcement of the upper braid plate 6 may be performed, if necessary, although often the upper flanges and these base plates 86 will provide sufficient reinforcement provided that they have a material thickness of sufficient size and • · · 25 infections for concrete. Subsequently, the concrete mass 26 of the * * · 'S' vein is cast. Once the concrete mass has cured, the forming boxes with their lower bar plates and the upper bar plate together with the second combination of the aforementioned, wherein a plurality of boxes 1-4, 55-57 are in non-detachable engagement with the concrete of the upper bar plate 6. The result is a tile element according to the invention. · · · 30 cents, ie another combination Y2.

• ψ · «4 ·» # *

It will be appreciated that the joint between the lower bar plate and the drawers, i.e., the fastener. or concrete casting, and the connection between the top pole plate and the boxes, whether by means of brackets or concrete casting, is interdependent. Thus, a solution suited to the particular purpose and conditions of manufacture can be selected. All variants can be implemented either as semi-finished elements or as prefabricated elements Y1, either at the prefabricated factory or at the construction site, or as prefabricated elements or components, i.e. the second assemblies, either at the prefabricated factory or at the construction site. Whether the first combination Y1 or the second combination Y2 according to the invention is made on site 5 or elsewhere, it is referred to as a tile element, which means an integral part of the load-bearing tile.

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Claims (23)

37 107555 A composite load-bearing tray comprising: - at least one substantially reinforced concrete bar (5 or 6); A plurality of rigid spacers (100), mainly of steel, in the form of hollow rectangular boxes (1-4, 55-57) and having at least one of the side walls (10a-10d, 10a-10c) transverse to the strut plate having openings or openings, and which boxes are firmly attached to said shear plate at least with respect to the shear forces in the direction of the chord plate, characterized in that the chute 10 is composed of slab elements each comprising a combination of: - a plurality of chests (1-4, 55-57); having side panels (10a -10d, 10a-10c) consisting of a sheet of steel (7), with upper flanges (16a-16d; 16a-16c) and lower flanges (15a-15d; 15a-15c) at their edges, and having at least one box the wall has one larger opening (8) or a smaller opening (9); that the side walls (10a-1d, 10a-10c) of adjacent drawers (1-4, 55-57) in the direction of the 15th parallelepipeds are closed to each other and that the side walls in contact with one another have a larger opening (8) and a smaller opening (9) ); - at least one chord plate (5 or 6) having a length (L2, L1) and a width (W2, W1) and a substantially smaller thickness (S2, S1), said length corresponding to at least 20 boxes (1-4, 55-); 57) the total length of the two side walls (T1 + T2 or T1 + T1 or T2 + T2) and the width (W1, W2) are at least equal to the length of the side walls of the boxes (T1 or T2); and that - in the finished load-bearing slab, the batten plate (5 and / or 6) is joined by tile fasteners (11, 12) or a structural joint (90), at least at the corners (K) or flanges (15a -) 15d; 15a to 15c; and / or 16a to: 16d; 16a to 16c) from regions to these boxes. I ·· · • · · · · · M • · Load bearing slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: 1 · 1: in each slab element a combination of substantially reinforced concrete lower and upper battens (5 and / or 6) at least parallel to the battens. firmly secured in boxes (1-4, 55-57) with tile clips - "'. (11,12). or. as a structural joint (90) either between corners (K) or flanges (15a - 15d) of each Glacier sidewall M", 15a-15c; 16a-16d; 16a-16c) • · · *, said boxes being located between the lower and upper pole plate. · 38 107555 and as attached to both struts keep the upper strap and the lower strap at a predetermined distance (H1) from each other. Load bearing plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 5. the widths (P1) of said flanges are not more than 15% of the length of the side walls (T1, T2), and the upper flanges (16a-16d; 16a-16c) respectively, the lower flanges (15a-15d; 15a-15c) of the lower bar face toward each other; that - the lengths (T3, T4) of the openings (8, 9) are at least 30% of the length (T1, T2) of the side wall (T1, T2) and at least 50% of the transverse height (H3) of the side wall; and that - the length and width of the boxes, i.e. the length (T1, T2) of the side walls, in the direction of the bar plates is at least one and a half times the height of the boxes (H3), i.e. the length of the corners. 15 Carrier plate according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there are at least two types of boxes, of which the side walls of the first type box (1, 55a) have substantially larger openings (8) and possibly thicker material than the second type box (2, 55b). openings (9); 20 that said two types of boxes (1 and 2; 55a and 55b) are arranged alternately between the top and bottom bar plate; that the side walls (10a-10d, 10a-10c) of adjacent drawers in the direction of the stiffeners are in a straight line with each other, whereby the drawings form uniform contact lines (M) with respect to each other; and that adjacent drawers (1-2, 55-57) are interconnected by plate fasteners (23). • · I t I • · · • · · · 5 W2) at least two boxes of length and / or width and mounted on said casting molds of said group of boxes; and * molding the lower flanges (15a-15d; 15a-15c) so that they remain below the top surface (19) of the incoming concrete and allowing the concrete to cure to form the first combination of tiles (Y1). 10 Load-bearing plate according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower T-bar plate (5) and the optional upper bar plate (6) are at least partially rectangular; that said bar lengths (L1, L2) correspond to at least three lengths (3T1 or 3T2) of the side walls of the boxes (1-4, 55-57), preferably at least four: (4T1 or 4T2); and that in the finished load-bearing slab: either: - the length of the top beam (L2) is transverse, typically perpendicular to the length of the bottom beam (L1), whereby the seams (24) between the upper beam plates lie vertically apart from the seams (25) 35 to obtain combinations (Y2); or alternatively • · t • · · 39 107555 - the length (L2) and width (W2) of the upper barrel plate are substantially at the same position as the length (L1) and width (W1) of the lower barrel plate, with seam locations (24) 25) to obtain other combinations (Y2). 5 The bearing plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said upper flanges (16a-16d; 16a-16c) and lower flanges (15a-15d; 15a-15c) respectively have plate-like reinforcements (13), whereby: the first counterparts (21) of the tile fasteners (11,12) being secured in these 10 reinforcements and projecting outwardly from the space defined by the box (1-4, 55-57), or - these reinforcements having a hole (20) extending from the first counterpart (21) of the tile fasteners, the first counterparts of the tile clamp are attached to the chord plate (5, 6) and protrude from the outer surface (19) of the chord plate which is located on the side of the battens which may be located at corners (K) 15 and, if necessary, in the center of the flanges. Load bearing slab according to Claim 4 or 6, characterized in that the lower bar (5) and any upper bar (6) have pairs of concrete bars (30) inside the concrete (26) such that: 20. two concrete bars (28, 29) of a pair of concrete bars the distance (B2) in the direction of the chord plate is equal to or greater than the thickness (R1) of the first counter part (21) of the tile fasteners (11,12), but smaller than the thickness (R2) of the second counter part (22) · The thickness (R3) of the base of the first counterpart (21) of the tile fasteners on the board, - the concrete iron pairs (30) run parallel to the contact lines (M): i in the batten plate and the first counterparts of the concrete iron pair. * • · · • · ·. · · · Load bearing tile according to claim 1 or 2 or 7, characterized in that: •: ··! that in a bottom bar plate containing only non-paired concrete irons (28, 29) • * * '; (5) these reinforcing bars are perpendicular to each other and are on the lower bar and • «·. for the structural connection (90) between the boxes, attached to the lower flanges of the boxes (15a-15d; 15a-15c). 'Τ' 35 • · * »· • · · • • • • · · 40 107555 Load bearing slab according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the two pairs of concrete iron (30) intersect at each of the first counterparts (21) of the slab fasteners (11,12); that the pairs of reinforcing bars (30) or the reinforcing bars (28, 29) closest to the contact lines (M) of the boxes extend to the edge (31) of the batten plate, where the ends of the reinforcing bars have connecting members (32) 30) for attaching to each other, wherein said concrete bars extend from the batten plate to the adjacent batten plate, so that the slab fasteners (11, 12) rest on the concrete iron pairs (30) at least at their intersection point and additionally at most two intersection points. Load-bearing slab according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower bar (5) and / or upper bar (6) are either reinforced concrete slab elements separate from the boxes or reinforced concrete slabs adhered to the boxes. 15 Load-bearing tray according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that said boxes are of the third type (3) or the seventh type (57), which further comprises either each of the four corners (K) between the side walls (10a-10d) of the box or diagonal brackets (35a-35d or 35a-35c) pointing diagonally at regions of three side walls (10a-10c); that the four or three diagonal brackets have a length (G) extending into the counter-fastening members (37) of the column (36). Load bearing plate according to Claim 11, characterized in that the diagonal brackets (35a-35d) have, at some point of their length (G), a first counter part (21) of tile fasteners (12) or tile fasteners (11). a hole for the first counterpart; and that said first counterparts or holes corresponding to the first counterpart, respectively, are on the upper surface of the diagonal bracket: * · *: (35a-35d) facing the upper pole plate (6) and on the lower surface 30 facing the lower pole plate (5). «. · '·. 13. A load-bearing tray according to claim 5, characterized in that the plate is a plate. the earth reinforcements attached to the corner (K) of the side walls of the box are: one box (13) or two and four box (63) or 35 missing. • · · «·« · • · · 41 107555 A carrier tray according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said openings (8, 9) of the side walls (10a-10d; 10a-10c) of the boxes are located substantially centrally in each side wall and said openings of the boxes attached to one another are aligned; that the boxes are tightly secured to one another by plate fasteners (23); and that guides (39) of thin sheet material resting on predetermined lines at the bottom edges of these openings extending over a dimension formed by at least two boxes (1-4, 55-57) to provide a mounting base for wiring, piping and / or ducts and the like. 10 Load-bearing tray according to Claim 1 or 2 or 5, characterized in that the maximum length (L1, L2) and maximum width (W1, W2) of the batten plates are smaller than the clearance (N) of the side walls (10a-10d) of at least two , 10a-10c) the total length in the direction of said length 15 and the width respectively of the bar plate and this clearance (N) is as small as possible; and that the thickness (S1, S2) of each of the drawers is substantially less than the height (H3) of the drawers in a direction perpendicular to the drawers, preferably the thickness of the drawers (S1, S2) is not more than 30%, but not less than 5% % of box height 20 (H3). Load-bearing tray according to claim 1 or 4 or 11, characterized in that the first and second type boxes (1, 2) and the third and fourth type boxes (3, 4) are rectangular or preferably square in the direction of the bar plates; further, that the boxes are of the fifth type • · · • (55, 57), which are triangular in the direction of the bar plates. • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · she · total total A method of providing a composite load-bearing slab comprising: at least a substantially reinforced concrete batten plate (5 or 6); a plurality of rigid spacers (100), mainly of steel, in the form of hollow box shaped boxes (1-4, 55-57) having at least one side wall (10a. ··· 10d, 10a-10c) having an opening or openings , and which are spaced firmly against the shear forces at least with respect to the shear forces parallel to the chord plate, characterized by: · · ·: ;; / that it comprises a combination of the following steps: 1 - 42 107555 * making the boxes (1-4, 55-57) independently of the batten plates by forming an upper flange ( 16a-16d; 16a-16c) and a lower flange (15a-15d; 15a-15c) and at least one larger or smaller opening (8, 9) therebetween, and forming said boxes 5 of steel sheet body or pieces so that the flanges in each box form upper and lower surfaces; * independently of the boxes, arranged on the batten plates (5, 6): a concrete casting mold or molds having a length (L1, L2) of at least two drawer lengths and / or widths (W1, W2) of at least two drawer lengths and / or widths; these concrete molds are provided with predetermined concrete bars (28, 29) in at least parallel directions; pouring the concrete (26) into said casting molds and allowing the concrete to cure, after which the finished batt plate (5, 6) is removed from the casting mold; and * taking a first strut plate (5 or 6) and placing on one of its surfaces (19) a plurality of said boxes adjacent to each other in the direction of the strap plate, the side walls (10a-10d, 10a-10c) of the boxes being in contact with each other. a larger opening (8) and a smaller opening (9), respectively, lower flanges (15a-15d; 15a-15c) against said surface and connecting the boxes (1-4, 55-57) to each other and to the first batt plate to form a first assembly of the tile element (Y1) ). 20 A method of providing a composite load-bearing slab comprising: at least a substantially reinforced concrete batten plate (5 or 6); a plurality of rigid spacers (100), mainly of steel, in the form of a hollow rectangle: ··: other boxes (1-4, 55-57) and having an opening or openings in at least one of the side walls (10a-10d, 10a-10c) , and which spacers are at least on the chord plate • · ·; firmly fixed with respect to the shear forces in the parallel plate, characterized in that it comprises a combination of the following steps: • * making said boxes (1-4, 55-57) independently of the lamellar plates by forming an upper flange (16a-16d; 16a) 16c) and the lower flange 30 (15a-15d; 15a-15c) and at least one larger or smaller opening (8,. ,,.: 9) between them, and forming said boxes of steel plate piece or pieces. · · ·. with the flanges forming an upper surface and a lower surface in each box; ·] * Affixed a plurality of drawers to one another at their side walls (10a-10d, 10a-10c) without a clearance of «· ·: ^: into a set of drawers such that the walls in contact with each other have a larger opening (8) and, respectively, a smaller opening (9) and securing reinforcing bars (28, 29) to the lower flanges of the boxes; * providing a concrete casting mold (s) with a length (L1, L2) of at least two boxes and / or a width (W1, L2, L2, L2, L2, L2, L2, L2); Method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that it further comprises the step of: * taking a second chord plate (6 or 5) and placing it on the opposite upper or lower surface facing away from the first chord plate of boxes mounted on the first chord plate; 1-4, 55-57) and this second batt plate tightly to each other using tile clamps (11, 12) to form a second assembly of the tile element (Y2); or alternatively, overlays (16a-16d; 16a-16cj) of the boxes are placed with metal bottom plates (86), optionally concrete bars, and poured concrete (26) on the top pole plate over metal plates and top flanges to form a second combination of tiles (Y2). The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that it: * ·: further comprises the step of transferring said first combination (Y1) of the boxes and · ***: 25 of the first barrel plate attached only to each other to the final · · · to its place of use, whereby: • · · · * each first combination is placed at its final location in the tile location • «; * · *; at the drop point, the side walls 30 (10a-10d, 10a-10c) of the side boxes 30 (10a-10d, 10a-10c) of the extreme boxes (1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 55 or 56 or 57) located downstream and along the edges of the first combination -10d, 10a-10c) or against the walls of a building. · · ·. en (50) or other surfaces of similar structures; * the first combinations are fastened to each other by their sidewalls: at one or more locations defined by flanges of the drawers, angles between the sidewalls and the corners of the sidewalls · 35; and «· I« «« I · (· 44 107555 * Concrete reinforcing bars (28, 29) terminating at the edges of the first combinations (Y1) in this way are terminated in a predetermined manner ending at the edges of the adjacent lower edges of the first combinations (Y1) concrete bars 5 A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the step of securing the boxes and the second barrel plate further comprises placing a second barrel plate (6 or 5) relative to the first barrel plate displaced (Z1, Z2) with its planes extending along their edges and perpendicular to the barrel plates. are spaced apart which is equal to the length (LL) or width (WL) of the boxes or to a multiple of the length or width of the boxes. Method according to claim 17 or 18 or 21, characterized in that the step of attaching the second batten plate (6) to the first batten plate (5) is carried out: - at the location of the tile; being a fence plate; or, alternatively, at another location, whereby the second assembly (Y2) forms a movable structural element. A method according to any one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that: · the method further comprises the step of:: ***: 25 - biasing wires or rods or the like in the concrete molding form. · • and subjected to a predetermined prestressing force; or • · · · - through the paths in the chord plate, and at least continuously from the chord plate to the adjacent chord plate, post-tensioning wires are applied to a predetermined prestressing force maintained by anchoring; or 30 - installing mesh reinforcements, some of which are iron pairs in a casting mold and cast, ...: plain or fiber concrete. • · · <<· «« «· 4 4« 4 · 4 · 4 4 «« <«f · · 4 4 · 4« 1 · «t · c · 4 4 4 45 107555 Patentkraven