FI106934B - Method for double-sided coating of a moving material web - Google Patents
Method for double-sided coating of a moving material web Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI106934B FI106934B FI924374A FI924374A FI106934B FI 106934 B FI106934 B FI 106934B FI 924374 A FI924374 A FI 924374A FI 924374 A FI924374 A FI 924374A FI 106934 B FI106934 B FI 106934B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- web
- speed
- rolls
- delivery
- coating
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003031 feeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
- B05C9/04—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material to opposite sides of the work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
- B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
- B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
- B05C1/0826—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets
- B05C1/0834—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets the coating roller co-operating with other rollers, e.g. dosing, transfer rollers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/52—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material
- D21H23/56—Rolls
- D21H23/58—Details thereof, e.g. surface characteristics, peripheral speed
Landscapes
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
- User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1 1069341 106934
Menetelmä liikkuvan rainan päällystämiseksi kaksipuolisesti Tämä keksintö koskee menetelmää liikkuvan rainan, esimerkiksi pape-rirainan, päällystämiseksi kaksipuolisesti käyttämällä kahta vierekkäistä luovu-5 tustelaa, joiden välitse raina kulkee päällystysaineen kerrostuessa rainan kummallekin puolelle. Tarkemmin sanottuna on keksinnön kohteena patenttivaatimuksen 1 johdanto-osan mukainen menetelmä liikkuvan rainan päällystämiseksi kaksipuolisesti.The present invention relates to a method of duplexing a moving web, for example a paper web, using two adjacent release rolls between which the web passes on either side of the web. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for double-sided coating of a moving web according to the preamble of claim 1.
Yleinen menetelmä paperin päällystämiseksi ja liimaamiseksi koostuu 10 päällystysnesteen annostelusta kahden toisiinsa kytkeytyvän telan väliselle kosketuspinnalle. Niin kutsutussa liimapuristinmenetelmässä päällystysnestettä syötetään suoraan telojen väliselle kosketuspinnalle, ija tätä menetelmää käytetään yleensä pääasiassa paperin niin kutsutussa pintapäällystyksessä.A general method for coating and gluing paper consists of dispensing 10 coating fluids to a contact surface between two interlocking rolls. In the so-called adhesive press method, the coating fluid is applied directly to the interface between the rolls, and this process is generally used mainly in the so-called surface coating of paper.
Muiden tunnettujen telapäällystysmenetelmätyyppien mukaisesti pääl-15 lystysaine siirretään epäsuorasti paperille annostelemalla se ensin puristustelalle, niin kutsutulle luovutustelalle. Ennalta annosteltu nestekalvo siirretään sitten paperille, ilman että telojen väliselle kosketuspinnalle muodostuu päällystysaineyli-määrää. Yksi esimerkki tästä tekniikasta on niin kutsuttu porttitelapäällystin, joka käsittää kaksi rinnakkaista puristustelaa, joiden välitse raina liikkuu päällystysai-20 neen tasoittamiseksi. Näitä kahta puristustelaa reunustavat telaparin kummallakin puolella välineet, joilla päällystysainetta siirretään puristustelojen vaippapinnoille ja mainituilta pinnoilta paperirainalle.In accordance with other known types of roll coating methods, the overlay foaming agent is transferred indirectly to the paper by first dispensing it onto a press roll, a so-called release roll. The pre-dispensed liquid film is then transferred to the paper without creating excess coating material on the contact surface between the rolls. One example of this technique is the so-called gate roller coater, which comprises two parallel press rollers between which the web moves to smooth the coating material. The two press rolls are flanked on each side by a pair of rollers for transferring the coating material to the press surfaces of the press rolls and from said surfaces to the paper web.
Muita esimerkkejä päällystysnesteen annostelusta telalle ovat päällys- tili timet, joissa annostelu tehdään terien tai pyörivien sauvojen avulla.Other examples of dispensing the coating liquid onto a roll are coating containers where the dispensing is done by means of blades or rotating rods.
: v. 25 Edellä kuvatuissa tunnetuissa menetelmissä esiintyy kuitenkin tiettyjä * .j. haittapuolia, joista voidaan mainita epätasainen annostelu, appelsiininkuorikuvion « muodostuminen niin kutsutun kalvonhaikeamisilmiön vuoksi jne. Siksi tarvitaan • * · # *;./ uutta parannettua menetelmää liikkuvien Tainojen, erityisesti paperirainojen pääl- • · · * lystämiseksi.: v. 25 However, certain * .j. disadvantages which may be mentioned are uneven dosing, formation of orange peel pattern due to so-called film breakage phenomenon, etc. Therefore, there is a need for • * · # *; ./ a new improved method for coating moving stains, particularly paper webs.
30 Tämän keksinnön päämääränä on siksi tarjota käyttöön parannettu menetelmä liikkuvan rainan päällystämiseksi kaksipuolisesti käyttämällä kahta vierekkäistä luovutustelaa, joiden välitse raina kulkee päällystysaineen kerros- .·! : tuessa rainan kummallekin puolelle. Keksinnön perusperiaatteena on, että luovu- tusteloille annetaan keskenään erilaiset kehänopeudet, joista mainituista kehäno-35 peuksista ainakin toinen poikkeaa rainan syöttönopeudesta. Lisäksi keksinnön • V mukaiselle menetelmälle on tunnusmerkillistä, että molemmat luovutustelat liikku- 2 106934 vat keskenään samaan suuntaan kohdassa, jossa ne kytkeytyvät rainaan, sekä samaan suuntaan kuin raina.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of duplexing a moving web by using two adjacent release rollers between which the web passes through a layer of coating material. : on support on both sides of the web. The basic principle of the invention is that the delivery rolls are given different peripheral speeds, at least one of said peripheral speeds being different from the web feed speed. In addition, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the two delivery rolls move in the same direction at the point where they engage the web and in the same direction as the web.
Tarkemmin sanottuna on keksinnön mukaiselle menetelmälle tunnusomaista se, mitä on sanottu itsenäisen patenttivaatimuksen 1 tunnusmerkkiosas-5 sa. Keksinnön mukaisen menetelmän suositeltavat suoritusmuodot ilmenevät epäitsenäisistä patenttivaatimuksista.More particularly, the method according to the invention is characterized by what is said in the characterizing part of independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the process of the invention are apparent from the dependent claims.
Tämän keksinnön mukaisen menetelmän yhdessä edullisessa suoritusmuodossa kummankin luovutustelan kehänopeus poikkeaa liikkuvan rainan nopeudesta, ja erityisen edullisesti toisen luovutustelan kehänopeus on suurempi 10 kuin rainan nopeus, kun taas toisen luovutustelan kehänopeus on pienempi kuin rainan nopeus. Tässä yhteydessä on edullista, että luovutustelojen kehänopeudet poikkeavat rainan nopeudesta suunnilleen yhtä paljon.In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the peripheral speed of each delivery roll differs from that of the moving web, and particularly preferably the peripheral speed of the second delivery roll is greater than the web speed, while the peripheral speed of the second delivery roll is less than the web speed. In this context, it is preferred that the peripheral speeds of the delivery rolls deviate approximately equal to the web speed.
Vaikka poikkeamisaste rainan nopeudesta ei ole erityisen ratkaiseva, on edullista, ettei se ole suurempi kuin noin 5 %, ja kehänopeuden poikkeama on 15 edullisesti suunnilleen alueella 0,5 - 2,5 %.Although the degree of deviation from web speed is not particularly critical, it is preferred that it is not greater than about 5%, and the circumferential velocity misalignment is preferably in the range of about 0.5% to 2.5%.
Jotta saavutetaan optimaalinen tulos välttäen samalla tekniikan tasoa vastaavien menetelmien haittapuolet, keksinnön mukaisessa menetelmässä käytetään tavallista alhaisempaa telapainetta vierekkäisten luovutustelojen välisellä kosketuspinnalla, ja edullisesti luovutustelat säädetään siten, että kosketuspaine 20 telojen välisellä kosketuspinnalla on korkeintaan noin 10 N/mm.In order to achieve an optimum result while avoiding the drawbacks of prior art methods, the method of the invention employs a lower roll pressure at the contact surface between adjacent feed rolls, and preferably the feed rolls are adjusted such that the contact pressure at the contact surface between rolls is at most about 10 N / mm.
On myös edullista käyttää teloja, jotka on valmistettu pehmeästä materiaalista, esimerkiksi kumista, ja käyttää luovutusteloja, joiden pinnan Shore A -kovuus on korkeintaan noin 60.It is also preferable to use rolls made of a soft material, for example rubber, and use roll rolls having a surface Shore A hardness of about 60 or less.
Jotta saadaan aikaan rainan kohdalla tietty syöttövaikutus, on hyvä . . 25 saattaa raina laajennettuun kosketukseen sen luovutustelan kanssa, jonka ke- • · .:, hänopeus ylittää rainan nopeuden.In order to achieve a certain feeding effect at the web, it is good. . 25 exposes the web to extended contact with the delivery roll which has a · ·.: Speed exceeding the web speed.
.·* : Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että on erityisen edullista säätää luo- '*r ' vutustelat siten, että kosketuspaine telojen välisellä kosketuspinnalla on noin v * 1 -10 N/mm, ja käyttää luovutusteloja, joiden pinnan Shore A -kovuus on kor- 30 keintaan noin 60.· *: In conclusion, it is particularly advantageous to adjust the creation roller rolls so that the contact pressure at the contact surface between the rolls is about v * 1 -10 N / mm and to use feed rolls with a Shore A hardness - 30 up to about 60.
Tämän keksinnön mukainen menetelmä sopeutuu erityisesti liikkuvien • · · paperirainojen päällystämiseen.The process of the present invention is particularly adapted to the coating of moving paper webs.
: \: Keksintöä kuvataan seuraavassa tarkemmin sitä rajoittamattomalla . . esimerkillä yhdessä liitteenä olevan piirustuksen kanssa, joka esittää sivukuvana 35 kaaviomaisesti päällytyslaitetta tämän keksinnön mukaisen menetelmän so-i V veltamiseksi.: \: The invention will now be described in more detail by way of non-limiting thereof. . by way of example, together with the accompanying drawing, which is a side view 35 schematically showing a coating device for practicing the method of the present invention.
• r ' i | « · 3 106934• r 'i | «· 3 106934
Piirustuksen esittämä ja yleisesti numerolla 1 merkitty päällystyslaite käsittää kaksi luovutustelaa 3 ja 5, jotka molemmat pyörivät nuolten a) osoittamaan suuntaan. Näiden kahden luovutustelan 2 ja 5 väliin syötetään paperiraina 7 nuolen b) osoittamassa suunnassa. Luovutustelat 3 ja 5 varustetaan päällystys-5 koostumuksella applikaattoreiden 13 ja vastaavasti 15 avulla ja ylimääräinen pääl-lystyskoostumus 21 ja 23 palautetaan säiliöihin 17 ja 19. Annostelutelat 9 ja 11 pyörivät nuolten c) osoittamaan suuntaan, ja niiden nopeus on merkittävästi pienempi kuin luovutustelojen 3 ja 5 pyörimisnopeus.The coating device shown in the drawing, generally designated by the numeral 1, comprises two delivery rollers 3 and 5, both of which rotate in the direction indicated by the arrows a). Between these two transfer rollers 2 and 5 are fed from the paper web 7 of arrow b) in the direction indicated. The dispensing rolls 3 and 5 are provided with a coating 5 composition by applicators 13 and 15, respectively, and excess coating composition 21 and 23 are returned to the containers 17 and 19. The dispensing rolls 9 and 11 rotate in the direction of arrows c) and are significantly slower than the 5 rotation speed.
Kuten piirustuksesta käy ilmi, raina 7 syötetään sillä tavalla, että se 10 tulee kosketukseen ylemmän telan vaippapinnan kanssa alueella, jonka osuus kehästä vastaa noin 30°:n sektoria. Kosketus alemman telan kanssa on teoriassa viivamainen, mutta telojen pehmeyden vuoksi kosketusalue on jonkin verran teoreettista suurempi.As shown in the drawing, the web 7 is fed in such a way that it contacts the upper roll surface of the roll in an area having a portion of the circumference corresponding to a sector of about 30 °. The contact with the lower roll is theoretically linear, but due to the softness of the rolls the contact area is somewhat larger than the theoretical one.
Kuvatussa esimerkissä käytetään suhteellisen pehmeää kumia mate-15 naalissa, joka muodostaa luovutustelojen 3 ja 5 pinnan, ja materiaalin Shore A -kovuus on noin 50. Paine telojen välisellä kosketuspinnalla on noin 5 N/mm. Lisäksi teloja pyöritetään kehänopeuksilla, jotka poikkeavat rainan nopeudesta, niin että luovutustelan 3 kehänopeus on noin 1,5 % suurempi kuin paperirainan 7 nopeus, kun taas luovutustelan 5 kehänopeus on noin 1,5% pienempi kuin pape-20 rirainan 7 nopeus. Koska paperiraina 7 on laajennetussa kosketuksessa luovutustelan 3 kanssa, saadaan aikaan sen tietty syöttövaikutus, kun taas nopeuserot saavat aikaan edullisen tasoitusvaikutuksen paperirainan 7 kummallakin puolella.In the example illustrated, a relatively soft rubber is used in the mate-15, which forms the surface of the delivery rolls 3 and 5 and the material has a Shore A hardness of about 50. The pressure at the contact surface between the rolls is about 5 N / mm. In addition, the rolls are rotated at peripheral speeds different from the web speed so that the peripheral speed of the delivery roll 3 is about 1.5% higher than the speed of the paper web 7, while the peripheral speed of the delivery roll 5 is about 1.5% lower than the speed of the paper 20. Since the paper web 7 is in extended contact with the delivery roll 3, a certain feed effect is obtained, while the speed differences provide a favorable smoothing effect on both sides of the paper web 7.
Tämän keksinnön mukaisella menetelmällä valmistetun päällysteen yllättävä paraneminen liittyy ennen kaikkea niin kutsuttuun kalvonhalkeiluilmiöön, . . 25 joka aiheuttaa appelsiininkuorikuvion levitettyyn kerrokseen. Matala koske- ♦ 1 tuspaine mahdollistaa luovutustelojen 3 ja 5 kehänopeuserot toisaalta toisiinsa ; nähden ja toisaalta paperirainan 7 kulkunopeuteen nähden.The surprising improvement in the coating produced by the process of the present invention is primarily related to the so-called film cracking phenomenon. . 25 which causes an orange peel pattern on the applied layer. The low contact pressure ♦ 1 allows the peripheral speed differences between the feed rollers 3 and 5 on the one hand; and, on the other hand, with respect to the speed of travel of the paper web 7.
• · • c < • · · · • · · • ·• · • c <• · · · · · · · ·
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9001219 | 1990-04-03 | ||
| SE9001219A SE465709B (en) | 1990-04-03 | 1990-04-03 | PROCEDURE APPLIES DUPLEXIC COATING OF A CURRENT COURT BY TWO OPPOSED TRANSFER ROLLS |
| PCT/SE1991/000206 WO1991015306A1 (en) | 1990-04-03 | 1991-03-18 | Process for two-faced coating of a travelling web |
| SE9100206 | 1991-03-18 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI924374A0 FI924374A0 (en) | 1992-09-29 |
| FI924374L FI924374L (en) | 1992-09-29 |
| FI106934B true FI106934B (en) | 2001-05-15 |
Family
ID=20379084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI924374A FI106934B (en) | 1990-04-03 | 1992-09-29 | Method for double-sided coating of a moving material web |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0523144B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3010068B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE122269T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69109670T2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI106934B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE465709B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991015306A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4243518C2 (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1996-03-28 | Feldmuehle Ag Stora | Devices for applying liquid to both sides of a material web and method for applying a liquid to a material web with these devices |
| DE19511050A1 (en) * | 1995-03-25 | 1996-09-26 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Method and device for producing a paper web having a CF layer |
| FR2746264B1 (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1998-05-22 | Picardie Lainiere | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THERMAL-STICKING LINING AND THERMAL-STICKING LINING THUS OBTAINED |
| EP0799934A1 (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1997-10-08 | Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH | Process and apparatus for applying a CB coat on a paper web |
| WO1999023308A1 (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-05-14 | Beloit Technologies Inc. | High speed coating apparatus and method |
| RU2254937C2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-06-27 | Таркетт Сас | Method and device for indirect thin coating application |
| DE60013652T2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-09-15 | Tarkett Sommer S.A. | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INDIRECT APPLICATION OF A THIN LAYER |
| ITMI20010265A1 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-09 | Ind Cartarie Tronchetti Spa | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR APPLYING A FLUID TO A PAPER TAPE |
| FI110957B (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-04-30 | Metso Paper Inc | Method and apparatus for forming a multilayer coating |
| DE102006044822A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-04-03 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Process for producing a coated paper, cardboard or other fibrous web |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8001814A (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1981-10-16 | Stork Brabant Bv | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COATING A POROUS SUBSTRATE |
| DE3417487A1 (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1985-11-21 | J.M. Voith Gmbh, 7920 Heidenheim | DEVICE FOR APPLYING A LIQUID ON A RUNNING TRAIN |
| GB2213406B (en) * | 1987-12-08 | 1992-05-20 | Molins Plc | Coating apparatus and method |
| GB8904112D0 (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1989-04-05 | Wiggins Teape Group Ltd | Process for applying microcapsule-containing compositions to paper |
-
1990
- 1990-04-03 SE SE9001219A patent/SE465709B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-03-18 DE DE69109670T patent/DE69109670T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-18 WO PCT/SE1991/000206 patent/WO1991015306A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-03-18 JP JP3507057A patent/JP3010068B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-18 EP EP91907563A patent/EP0523144B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-18 AT AT91907563T patent/ATE122269T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-09-29 FI FI924374A patent/FI106934B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0523144B1 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
| SE9001219D0 (en) | 1990-04-03 |
| DE69109670D1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
| DE69109670T2 (en) | 1995-09-07 |
| FI924374A0 (en) | 1992-09-29 |
| JPH05505971A (en) | 1993-09-02 |
| ATE122269T1 (en) | 1995-05-15 |
| WO1991015306A1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
| JP3010068B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 |
| EP0523144A1 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
| SE465709B (en) | 1991-10-21 |
| FI924374L (en) | 1992-09-29 |
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Owner name: BTG UMV COATING SYSTEMS AB |
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| MA | Patent expired |