FI105595B - Improved gas sampling chamber - Google Patents
Improved gas sampling chamber Download PDFInfo
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- FI105595B FI105595B FI933298A FI933298A FI105595B FI 105595 B FI105595 B FI 105595B FI 933298 A FI933298 A FI 933298A FI 933298 A FI933298 A FI 933298A FI 105595 B FI105595 B FI 105595B
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- gas
- sample chamber
- chamber
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- elongated hollow
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 57
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/0303—Optical path conditioning in cuvettes, e.g. windows; adapted optical elements or systems; path modifying or adjustment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/255—Details, e.g. use of specially adapted sources, lighting or optical systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/117—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/10—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void
- G01J1/16—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void using electric radiation detectors
- G01J2001/161—Ratio method, i.e. Im/Ir
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/10—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void
- G01J1/16—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/18—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void using electric radiation detectors using comparison with a reference electric value
- G01J2001/182—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void using electric radiation detectors using comparison with a reference electric value with SH sample and hold circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
- G01N2001/2261—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney preventing condensation (heating lines)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N2021/0321—One time use cells, e.g. integrally moulded
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N2021/0385—Diffusing membrane; Semipermeable membrane
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
- G01N2021/052—Tubular type; cavity type; multireflective
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/0332—Cuvette constructions with temperature control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/02—Mechanical
- G01N2201/022—Casings
- G01N2201/0228—Moulded parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/061—Sources
- G01N2201/06186—Resistance heated; wire sources; lamelle sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/069—Supply of sources
- G01N2201/0696—Pulsed
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- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
105595105595
Parannettu kaasunäytekammio - Förbättrad gasprovkammare Keksinnön alue 5 Esillä olevan keksinnön kohteena on kaasuanalysaattorien alue ja erityisesti näytekammio, jota käytetään tyypiltään NDIR (ei-dispergoiva infrapuna) olevissa analysaattoreissa.FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a range of gas analyzers, and in particular to a sample chamber used in NDIR (non-dispersive infrared) type analyzers.
Keksinnön taustaa 10 NDIR-tekniikka on kauan pidetty yhtenä parhaista kaasumit-tausmenetelmistä. Huomattavan tarkkuutensa lisäksi NDIR-kaa-suanalysaattorit ovat myös erittäin herkkiä, vakaita, luotettavia ja huolloltaan helppoja. NDIR-kaasumittaustekniikan pääasiallisena haittana on ollut sen monimutkainen ja kallis 15 toteutus.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION NDIR technology has long been considered one of the best gas measurement methods. In addition to their remarkable accuracy, NDIR gas analyzers are also extremely sensitive, stable, reliable and easy to maintain. The main disadvantage of NDIR gas measurement technology has been its complex and expensive implementation.
NDIR-kaasuanalysaattori sisältää yleensä infrapunasäteilyläh- teen, moottorikäyttöisen mekaanisen värähdinmuuttajän tämän lähteen moduloimiseksi siten, että tahdistettua ilmaisua 20 voidaan käyttää, pumpun kaasun työntämiseksi tai vetämiseksi näytekammion läpi, kaistanpäästösuodattimen, herkän infra- Y: punailmaisimen sekä kalliin infrapunaoptiikan ja ikkunat « · infrapunasäteilyn fokusoimiseksi sanotusta lähteestä il- ,·. : maisimeen. Siten huolimatta siitä, että NDIR-kaasumittaustek- • · · .!_/25 nilkka on yksi parhaista, se ei ole saavuttanut laajaa suo- · I.’ s.iota monimutkaisuutensa ja kalliin toteutuksensa johdosta.The NDIR gas analyzer generally includes an infrared source, a motor-driven mechanical vibration transducer to modulate this source so that synchronous expression 20 can be used to push or pull pump gas through the sample chamber, a bandpass filter, an infrared infrared and an infrared detector. from il-, ·. : to the corn. Thus, despite being one of the best, the NDIR Gas Measurement Technique has not achieved widespread protection because of its complexity and costly implementation.
• * * λ • · • » • M f I < *·' * Esillä oleva keksintö yksinkertaistaa huomattavasti NDIR- kaausmittaustekniikan toteuttamista, tämän yksinkertaistami- V « · • '.SO sen johtaessa samalla kustannusten alenemiseen mahdollistaen m · · Y · siten useiden NDIR-tekniikan sovellutusten käyttöönoton, joita tähän asti on pidetty epäkäytännöllisinä niiden kustansi > nusten tai monimutkaisuuden johdosta.The present invention greatly simplifies the implementation of the NDIR measurement technique by simplifying this, while leading to a reduction in costs, thus allowing m · · Y · Deployment of NDIR technology applications, which up to now have been considered impractical due to their cost or complexity.
• · t · « : ‘.35 Esimerkiksi esillä olevan keksinnön mukainen näytekammio t · 2 105595 muodostaa paljon nopemman ja herkemmän hiilidioksidi-ilmaisimen ytimen, jota käytetään palonilmaisussa (US-patenttijulkaisu 5 053 754, julkaistu 1. lokakuuta 1991 esillä olevan keksinnön hakijan nimellä) sekä myös tuuletusvalvontalaitteen 5 eli VENTOSTAT'in ytimen (tuuletustermostaatti, joka on selostettu US-paytenttihakemuksessa n s ro 07/611 630, jätetty sisään 6. kesäkuuta 1991 otsikolla TUULETUSVALVONTALAITE esillä olevan keksinnön hakijan nimellä), joka on erittäin käyttökelpoinen laite huoneilman likaantumisen valvonnassa tarkkai-10 lemalla huoneilman hiilidioksidipitoisuutta ja syöttämällä raitista ilmaa, kun tämä hiilidioksidipitoisuus tulee liian suureksi.For example, the sample chamber t · 2 105595 of the present invention forms the core of the much faster and more sensitive carbon dioxide detector used in fire detection (U.S. Patent 5,053,754, issued October 1, 1991, to the Applicant). ) as well as the core of the VENTOSTAT ventilation control unit 5 (Ventilation Thermostat disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 07 / 611,630 filed June 6, 1991, under the heading VENTILATION CONTROL UNIT in the name of the Applicant of the present invention), which is a very useful -10 lowering the carbon dioxide content of the room air and supplying fresh air when this carbon dioxide content becomes too high.
Esillä oleva yksinkertaistettuun kaasunäytekammioon kohdistu-15 va keksintö tarjoaa käyttöön uuden lähestymistavan NDIR-kaa-sumittausjärjestelmien vähentämiseksi eliminoimalla kalliin optiikan, mekaanisten värähdinmuuttajien ja kaasua näytekam-mioon vetävän tai työntävän pumpun tarpeen. Lisäksi esillä olevan keksinnön mukainen näytekammio tarjoaa käyttöön pitkän 20 ja tehokkaan väyläpituuden, joka lisää ilmaisuherkkyyttä.The present invention relating to a simplified gas sample chamber provides a novel approach for reducing NDIR gas measurement systems by eliminating the need for expensive optics, mechanical vibration converters, and a pump for drawing or pushing gas into the sample chamber. In addition, the sample chamber of the present invention provides a long and efficient bus length that increases detection sensitivity.
·.·. US-patentti julkaisussa n:ro 4 709 150, myönnetty 24. marras-kuuta 1987 Burough et al'ille, selostetaan kaasunäytekammio, ! . joka käsittää huokoisesta materiaalista, kuten muovista tai • · « \mm ]^5 sintratusta metallista tehdyn putken. Tässä Burough et ai'in • · · • ·* patentissa selostetaan, että huokoskoon olisi oltava 0,3 - : .* 100 mikronia. Mitään selostusta tai ehdotusta ei anneta tämän • · · V · huokoisen putken seinien käytön suhteen heijastavina säteilyä ohjaavina elementteinä. Ehkä juuri tästä syystä johtuen kaa-:*·*30 sun kondensaation muodostamaa ongelmaa sen tiivistyessä pie-ninä pisaroina näytekammion sisälle ei selosteta.·. ·. U.S. Patent No. 4,709,150, issued November 24, 1987 to Burough et al., Discloses a gas sample chamber,! . comprising a tube made of a porous material such as plastic or • sintered metal. In this patent of Burough et al., It is stated that the pore size should be between 0.3 and 100 microns. No description or suggestion is made with respect to the use of the walls of this • · · V · porous tube as reflective radiation guiding elements. Perhaps it is for this reason that the problem of condensation of 30: 30 sun as it condenses into small droplets inside the sample chamber is not explained.
• · ” • ♦ · *·// Burough et ai eivät selosta moninkertaisia heijastuksia pei-• « limäisesti heijastavasta pinnasta. Tämä vaikuttaa huomatta-:*·*35 vasti heidän järjestelmänsä suorituskykyyn. Hyödyntämättä 9 • » 3 105595 näytekairanion säteilyä keräävää kykyä Burough et ai'in järjestelmällä on paljon huonompi säteilyn keräämiskyky, mikä johtaa alhaisempaan signaalikohinasuhteeseen. Lisäksi Burough et ai'in järjetselmä ei tarjoa käyttöön pitkää väyläpituutta ja 5 siten tämän järjestelmän herkkyys on huonompi esillä olevaan keksintöön verrattuna.Multiple reflections on the reflective surface are not described by Burough et al. This is noticeable -: * · * 35 in line with the performance of their system. Utilizing 9 • »3 105595 Sample Radius Absorbing Ability The Burough et al. System has a much lower radiation acquisition ability, resulting in a lower signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the Burough et al system does not provide a long fairway, and thus the sensitivity of this system is inferior to the present invention.
Mitä taas tulee kaasun diffuusioon Burough et ai'in järjestelmän mukaisessa kammiossa esillä olevaan keksintöön verrat-10 tuna, niin voidaan havaita, että Burough et ai'in syöttökam-miota varten käytetty huokoinen materiaali on paksuudeltaan useita satoja mikroneja. Sen sijaan esillä olevan keksinnön yhteydessä diffuusio näytekammioon tapahtuu puoliläpäisevän kalvon kautta, jonka paksuus on suuruusluokkaa 25 - 50 mikro-15 nia. Siten kaasulta tai kaasun pitoisuusmuutoksilta kuluu paljon pitempi aika Burough et ai'in kammioon hajaantumiseen esillä olevaan keksintöön verrattuna. Tämä pidentää suuresti Burough et ai'in kammion reagointiaikaa saaden aikaan paloil-maisinanturin huonon suorituskyvyn, kun taas esillä oleva 20 keksinnön mukainen kammio reagoi erittäin nopeasti muutoksiin hiilidioksidipitoisuudessa, ja laboratoriokokeet ovat osoit- V: taneet, että esillä olevan keksinnön mukaisella näytekammiol- · .'j‘; la on erittäin nopea reagointiaika, mikä on sangen suotavaa .·. : paloilmaisimena toimimista ajatellen.As regards gas diffusion in a chamber according to the system of Burough et al., As compared to the present invention, it can be seen that the porous material used for the Burough et al. Feed chamber is several hundred microns in thickness. Instead, in the context of the present invention, diffusion into the sample chamber occurs through a semipermeable film having a thickness in the order of 25-50 micro-15nm. Thus, the gas or gas concentration changes take a much longer time to decompose into the Burough et al chamber compared to the present invention. This greatly extends the response time of the chamber of Burough et al., Resulting in poor performance of the fire detector sensor, while the chamber of the present invention responds very rapidly to changes in carbon dioxide concentration, and laboratory tests have shown that the sample chamber of the present invention. 'j'; la is a very fast response time, which is highly desirable. : for operating as a fire detector.
* · · .125 • · t • · *. 1. Japanilaisessa patenttijulkaisussa n:ro 59-173734(A) Miya2aki I · 1 Λ selostaa infrapunasädekaasuanalyysimittaria, jossa säteily • · · *·1 1 kulkee rinnakkain näytekennoa ja vertailukennoa pitkin. Nämä kennot ovat kierukkaputken muotoisia.* · · .125 • · t • · *. 1. Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-173734 (A), Miya2aki I · 1 Λ, discloses an infrared gas analyzer in which radiation is transmitted parallel to a sample cell and a reference cell. These cells have the shape of a helical tube.
j’-30 t » v • · · : Miyazakin patentin mukainen järjestelmä kuuluu tavanomaisen .·1.·, NDIR-kaasumittausjärjestelmän mukaiseen kategoriaan. Ellei !.! tuleva säteily joutuisi moninkertaisten heijastusten alaisek-si sekä näyte- että vertailukennossa, ei olisi olemassa mi- M · • ‘.35 tään eroa tavanomaiseen NDIR-järjestelmään verrattuna eikä · 4 105595 siten myöskään mitään etua. Miyazakin ratkaisu vaatii yhä mekaanisen värähdinmuuttajan, kaasut näyte- ja vertailukennon läpi johtavan pumpun ja kahden ilmaisimen käyttöä. Siten, kun nämä tekijät otetaan huomioon, Miyazakin keksintö ei tule 5 yksinkertaisuudessaan ja tehokkuudessaan lähellekään esillä olevaa keksintöä.j'-30 t »v • · ·: Miyazaki's patented system belongs to the conventional. · 1. ·, NDIR gas measurement system. Unless!.! incoming radiation would be subject to multiple reflections in both the sample and reference cells, there would be no difference in M ·• .35 compared to a conventional NDIR system and thus no advantage. Miyazaki's solution still requires the use of a mechanical vibration converter, a pump for passing gases through a sample and reference cell, and two detectors. Thus, with these factors in mind, Miyazaki's invention, by its simplicity and efficiency, is nowhere near the present invention.
Japanilaisessa patenttijulkaisussa n:ro 63-298031(A) Fujimura selostaa suodattimen käyttöä, jota vaaditaan hänen keksinnös-10 sään, koska hänen järjestelmässään käytetty säteilylähde ja ilmaisimet on asetettu näytekammion sisään ja ne ovat siten alttiita näytteen aiheuttamalle likaantumiselle.In Japanese Patent No. 63-298031 (A), Fujimura describes the use of a filter required in his invention because the radiation source and detectors used in his system are placed inside a sample chamber and are thus susceptible to sample contamination.
US-patenttijulkaiusssa n:ro 4 499 379, myönnetty 12. helmi-15 kuuta 1985 Miyatake et al'ille, ja US-patenttijulkaisussa n:ro 4 501 968, myönnetty 26. helmikuuta 1985 Ebi et al'ille selostetaan kaasuanalysaattori varustettuna kuumennetulla näytekaasusäiliöllä, joka sisältää näytekaasua lämpötilassa, jossa pitoisuudeltaan määritettävä komponentti lähettää in-20 frapunasäteilyä ominaisaallonpituudella. Tämä kaasuanalysaattori toimii_emissioperiaatteen mukaisesti eikä ole tyypiltään ·.·. ei-dispergoiva infrapuna-adsorptioanalysaattori. Näytekennon seinässä oleva kuumennin kuumentaa näytekaasun suuruudeltaan • · . vähintään 100 °C oleviin lämpötiloihin kaasun saamiseksi lä-U.S. Patent No. 4,499,379, issued Feb. 12, 1985 to Miyatake et al., And U.S. Patent No. 4,501,968, issued February 26, 1985 to Ebi et al., Disclose a gas analyzer with a heated sample gas reservoir. , containing sample gas at a temperature at which the component to be determined emits in-20 rays of radiation at a specific wavelength. This gas analyzer operates according to the emission principle and is not of the type. a non-dispersive infrared adsorption analyzer. The heater in the sample cell wall heats the sample gas to • ·. at temperatures of at least 100 ° C to obtain gas
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.* .25 hettämään infrapunasäteilyä. Tämän sanotaan lisäävän kaasu- * * · i.;* näytteestä tulevaa säteilyä vähentäen samalla taustasäteilyä • · · Λ J .* kaasusta tulevan säteilyn suhteen. Näytekennon sisäpinnan • · · : kerrotaan olevan peilipinta, mutta nämä patenttijulkaisut eivät anna mitään syytä siihen. Koska itse kaasu muodostaa : ’[SO säteilylähteen, joka on isotrooppinen, eivät kammion seinät :*·*: ilmeisestikään ohjaa säteilyä millään käyttökelpoisella ta- valla.. * .25 emit infrared radiation. This is said to increase the radiation of the gas * * · i.; * From the sample while reducing the background radiation • · · Λ J. * With respect to the radiation from the gas. The inner surface of the sample cell • · · is said to be a mirror surface, but these patents give no reason for it. Because the gas itself forms: '[SO a radiation source which is isotropic, the walls of the chamber: * · *: obviously do not direct the radiation in any useful way.
« · • · « • » · *·”’ US-patenttijulkaisussa n:ro 3 966 439, myönnetty 29. kesäkuu- ί"·*35 ta 1976 Vennosille, selostetaan juoksevan väliaineen kokoa-• · 5 105595 mislaite, joka sisältää pumpun ja jota käytetään keräämään näytteitä ilmassa, tehtaissa, voimalaitokisa, kaivoksissa jne. olevasta ilmasta.U.S. Patent No. 3,966,439, issued Jun. 29, 1976 to Vennos, discloses a fluid medium assembly device including a pump. and used to collect samples of air in the air, factories, power plant races, mines, etc.
5 Vennos ei ole kiinnostunut infrapunasäteilyn lähettämisestä kaasunäytteen läpi sen pitoisuuden määrittämiseksi, ja siten Vennosin suodatusjärjestelmä ei ole luonteeltan analoginen.5 Vennos is not interested in transmitting infrared radiation through a gas sample to determine its concentration, and thus the Vennos filtration system is not analogous in nature.
Samalla tavoin US-patenttijulkaisussa n:ro 4 947 578, myön-10 netty 14. elokuuta 1990 Anderson et al'ille, selostetaan valvottu päästöjärjestelmä hyönteismyrkkyä varten. Tässä patentissa hyönteisiä puoleensa vetävän höyryn annetaan hajaantua kalvon läpi. Koska huokoskoon määrittää haluttu pääs-tönopeus, ei Anderson et ai'in patentissa esiintyvä kalvon 15 käyttö ole analoginen esillä olevan keksinnön kanssa.Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 4,947,578, issued August 14, 1990 to Anderson et al., Discloses a controlled release system for an insecticide. In this patent, the vapor attracting insects is allowed to diffuse through the membrane. Because the pore size is determined by the desired release rate, the use of film 15 in the patent of Anderson et al. Is not analogous to the present invention.
Keksinnön selostusDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Esillä olevan keksinnön mukaisen kaasunäytekammion ensimmäisenä tarkoituksena on toimia valoputkena säteilyn siirtä-20 miseksi tehokkaasti kaasunäytteen läpi ilmaisimeen.The first object of the gas sample chamber of the present invention is to serve as a light tube for efficiently transferring radiation through the gas sample to the detector.
Esillä olevan keksinnön mukaisen kaasunäytekammion toisena · tarkoituksena on pitää valikoivasti suuruudeltaan yli 0,1 . mikronia olevat savu- ja pölyhiukkaset poissa näytekammiosta, 1· .125 niin että ne eivät aiheuta virhettä mitattavan kaasun pitoi- « i · ·’ suusmittauksen yhteydessä ja sallivat samalla kaasumolekyyli- • i « Λ • ·1 en vapaan tulon näytekammioon ja poistumisen siitä.Another purpose of the gas sample chamber of the present invention is to selectively hold above 0.1. microns of smoke and dust particles are removed from the sample chamber, 1 · 125, so that they do not cause error in the measurement of the concentration of the gas being measured, while allowing the free entry and exit of the gas molecule into the sample chamber.
• t · • · · • · «• t · • · · • ««
Keksinnön erään suositeltavan sovellutusmuodon mukaisesti :**]S0 näytekammion sisäänpäin oleva seinä on varustettu peilimäi-:1·1: sellä heijastavalla pinnalla, joka toimii valoputkena johtaen • \t pitkänomaisen näytekammion yhteen päähän säteilylähteestä • · · lähetetyn säteilyn näytekammion toiseen päähän asetettuun ilmaisimeen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention: **] S0, the inward wall of the sample chamber is provided with a reflective surface which acts as a light tube, leading to one end of the elongated sample chamber from the radiation source to the other end of the transmitted radiation sample chamber.
•'35 • » · 6 105595• '35 • »· 6 105595
Esillä olevan keksinnön mukaisesti kammion seinä on varustettu myös aukolla, joka on peitetty puoliläpäisevällä kalvoker-roksella, joka estää suuruudeltaan ylii 0,1 mikronia olevien hiukkasten pääsyn kammioon.According to the present invention, the chamber wall is also provided with an aperture covered with a semipermeable film layer that prevents particles having a size greater than 0.1 microns from entering the chamber.
55
Keksinnön eräänä lisätarkoituksena on saada aikaan kaa-sunäytekammio, jonka yhteydessä kaasujen tai höyryjen tiivistyminen näytekammion sisäänpäin oleviin seiniin voidaan estää.A further object of the invention is to provide a gas sample chamber whereby the condensation of gases or vapors on the inward walls of the sample chamber can be prevented.
1010
Keksinnön erään suositeltavan sovellutusmuodon mukaisesti käytössä ovat välineet näytekammion kuumentamiseksi siten, että sen lämpötila ylittää minkä tahansa kaasun tai höyryn kastepisteen, joka saattaa tiivistyä näytekammion sisäsei-15 niin.In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, means are provided for heating the sample chamber so that its temperature exceeds the dew point of any gas or vapor that may condense inside the sample chamber.
Keksinnölle luonteenomaiset uudet ominaispiirteet sekä organisaation että käyttömentelmän suhteen yhdessä keksinnön tarjoamien lisäkohteiden ja -etujen kanssa käyvät havainnol-20 lisemmin ilmi seuraavasta yksityiskohtaisesta selostuksesta oheisiin piirustuksiin viitaten.The novel features of the invention, both in terms of organization and method of operation, together with the additional objects and advantages provided by the invention, will become more apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
a a f « • · a aa a f «• · a a
Piirustusten lyhyt kuvausBrief Description of the Drawings
I I II I I
^ . Kuvio 1 esittää sivupystykuvantoa näyttäen esillä olevan^. Figure 1 is a side elevational view showing the present
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,1 .*25 keksinnön mukaisen kaasuanalysaattorin pääosat; • · * • · f · • · · * • · · λ : ·' Kuvio 2 esittää kaaviota, joka näyttää säteilyn tyypillisen V * kulkuväylän kaasunäytekammion kautta; ja I 'e:30 Kuvio 3 esittää jaksottaista poikkileikkauskuvantoa esillä olevan keksinnön erään suositeltavan sovellutusmuodon mukai- • sesta kaasunäytekammiosta., 1. * 25 main parts of a gas analyzer according to the invention; Figure 2 shows a diagram showing a typical V * path of radiation through a gas sample chamber; and I 'e: Figure 3 is a sectional cross-sectional view of a gas sample chamber in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
§ · · • | I · I ? ·§ · · • | I · I? ·
Keksinnön paras toteuttamismuoto :·’35 Kuten kuviosta 1 näkyy, kaasuanalysaattori sisältää lähdekam- ta 105595 7 mion 12, jossa on säteilylähde. Tämä säteilylähde voi käsittää pienen hehkulampun ja säteilynä voi olla näkyvä valo ja/tai lampun aikaansaama infrapunasäteily. Lähdekammio 12 on liitetty kaasunäytekammioon 10, joka sisältää analysoitavan 5 kaasunäytteen, kyseisen kaasukomponentin pitoisuuden määrittämistä varten. Lähdekammiosta 12 tuleva säteily 12 kulkee kaasunäytekammiossa 10 olevan kaasunäytteen kautta ja sen jälkeen säteily kohdistuu ilmaisinkammioon 14 asetettuun ilmaisimeen. Tämä ilmaisin muodostaa sähkösignaalin, joka edus-10 taa siihen tulevan säteilyn voimakkuutta. Laitteen herkkyyden lisäämiseksi on yleisesti tunnettua asettaa kapea kaistan-päästösuodatin optiseen väylään ilmaisimen eteen, niin että ilmaisin vastaanottaa pääasiassa sellaisella aallonpituudella olevaa säteilyä, jonka pitoisuudeltaan määritettävä kaasu 15 imee voimakkaasti itseensä. Ilmaisimen synnyttämä sähkösig-naali lähetetään elektroniseen piiriin 15, joka muuttaa se kyseisen kaasun pitoisuutta edustavaksi signaaliksi.Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention: As shown in Figure 1, the gas analyzer includes a source chamber 105595 7 mion 12 having a radiation source. This radiation source may comprise a small incandescent lamp and the radiation may be visible light and / or infrared radiation produced by the lamp. The source chamber 12 is connected to a gas sample chamber 10 containing a gas sample to be analyzed for determining the concentration of the gas component in question. The radiation 12 from the source chamber 12 passes through the gas sample in the gas sample chamber 10 and thereafter the radiation is directed to the detector positioned in the detector chamber 14. This detector generates an electrical signal that represents the intensity of the incident radiation. In order to increase the sensitivity of the device, it is generally known to place a narrow bandpass filter on an optical path in front of the detector so that the detector receives radiation at a wavelength substantially absorbed by the gas 15 to be determined. The electrical signal generated by the detector is transmitted to the electronic circuit 15, which converts it into a signal representative of the concentration of the gas in question.
Kuvio 2 esittää optista kaaviota näyttäen optisen väylän, 20 jonka tyypillinen lähteestä 16 tuleva säde valitsee tullessaan moninkertaisesti heijastetuksi kulkiessaan alaspäin \\ kaasunäytekammiota pitkin ja osuessaan lopulta ilmaisimeen 20.Fig. 2 is an optical diagram showing an optical path 20 selected by a typical beam from source 16 as it is multiplexed as it travels down the gas sample chamber and finally hits the detector 20.
< < I<<I
4 4 • 4 · 4 « · .*25 Kuvio 3 esittää jaksottaista poikkileikkausta kaasunäytekam- * · · \m \ .rjiosta. Kaasunäytekmmion runko käsittää pitkänomaisen onton • · · • ·* putken 21, jonka sisäpinta 22 on peilimäisesti heijastava.4 4 • 4 · 4 «·. * 25 Figure 3 shows an intermittent cross-section of a gas sample chamber. The body of the gas sample chamber comprises an elongated hollow tube 21 · whose inner surface 22 is mirror-reflective.
*.· * Suositeltavassa sovellutusmuodossa tämä pinta 22 muodostaa yhtenäisen osan putken 21 seinää, kun taas eräässä vaihtoeh- • · t j 't!30 toisessa sovellutusmuodosssa tämä pinta voi käsittää peili-mäisesti heijastavan päällystyskerroksen.In a preferred embodiment, this surface 22 forms an integral part of the wall of the tube 21, while in another embodiment, this surface may comprise a mirror-reflecting coating.
« 4 4 4 % 4 • 4 · M Pitkänomainen ontto putki 21 sisältää ainakin yhden aukon, kuten aukon 24. Nämä aukot sallivat ympäristöilman tulemisen :’·’:35 näytekammioon ja poistumisen siitä. Ei ole kuitenkaan suota- • 4 8 105595 vaa, että pöly- ja savuhiukkaset pääsisivät tunkeutumaan kammioon vapaasti, ja tätä varten aukko 24 on peitetty puoli-läpäisevästä kalvosta tehdyllä levyllä, joka estää kooltaan yli 0,1 mikronia olevien hiukkasten tunkeutumisen. Korkeiden 5 diffuusionopeuksien aikaansaamiseksi kooltaan alle 0,1 mikronia olevia hiukkasia varten tämän puoliläpäisevän kalvolevyn 28 on oltava sangen ohut, ja siten se on tuettu tukiverkkoon 26. Suositeltavassa sovellutusmuodossa puoliläpäisevä kalvo on tehty silikonikumista.The elongated hollow tube 21 includes at least one orifice, such as orifice 24. These openings allow ambient air to enter and exit the sample chamber, "·": 35. However, it is not desirable to allow dust and smoke particles to penetrate the chamber freely, and for this purpose, the aperture 24 is covered with a sheet of semipermeable film that prevents particles larger than 0.1 micron in size. In order to provide high diffusion rates for particles of less than 0.1 microns in size, this semipermeable membrane sheet 28 must be quite thin and thus supported on a support screen 26. In a preferred embodiment, the semipermeable membrane is made of silicone rubber.
1010
Koska kaasunäytekammio on täytetty aina kaasulla, on olemassa mahdollisuus, että ympäristölämpötilan laskiessa riittävästi vesihöyryä tai jotain muuta kaasua tiivistyy nestemäiseen tilaan ja kerrostuu pienten pisaroiden muodossa peilimäisesti 15 heijastavalle pinnalle 22 sekä ilmaisimeen 20. Tämä häiritsisi peilimäistä heijastusta, jota tarvitaan näytekammion toimintaa varten, ja johtaisi virheellisiin tuloksiin.Because the gas sample chamber is always filled with gas, there is a possibility that when the ambient temperature drops, enough water vapor or other gas will condense into the liquid space and deposit in the form of tiny droplets on the reflective surface 22 and detector 20. This would interfere with the mirror reflection. incorrect results.
Tämän estämiseksi suositeltavassa sovellutusmuodossa käyte- 20 tään kuumenninlankaa 30 kaasunäytekammiossa 10. Termistori 32 mittaa näytekammion seinän lämpötilan. Sekä termistori että kuumenninlanka on liitetty kuumwennninvalvontapiiriin 34, t·;·, joka käsittää servoelimen, joka toimii yleisesti tunnetulla * « · . tavalla pitäen näytekammion asetuslämpötilassa.To prevent this, in a preferred embodiment, the heating wire 30 is used in the gas sample chamber 10. The thermistor 32 measures the temperature of the sample chamber wall. Both the thermistor and the heater wire are connected to a heater control circuit 34, t ·; ·, which comprises a servo element operating in a generally known manner. keeping the sample chamber at the set temperature.
• H• H
* *25 M I ^ • · f jt ·* Edellä on siten selostettu kaasunäytekammio pitkänomaisen « · · ' ·' putkimaisen elimen muodossa, joka on varustettu peilimäisesti ·«· V · heijastavalla sisäpinnalla, joka johtaa säteilyn kaasun läpi ilmaisimesta lähteeseen. Pöly- ja savuhiukkaset pidetään :**[30 poissa näytekammiosta puoliläpäisevän kalvolevyn avulla, joka peittää näytekammion putkimaisessa seinässä olevat aukot.The gas sample chamber described above is in the form of an elongated tubular member provided with a mirror-like reflective inner surface that transmits radiation through the gas to the source. The dust and smoke particles are held: ** [30 out of the sample chamber by means of a semipermeable membrane plate which covers the openings in the tubular wall of the sample chamber.
* Näytekammion seinää voidaan kuumentaa kaasumaisten komponent- I I « tien tiivistymisen estämiseksi kammioon, ja suositeltavassa* The wall of the sample chamber may be heated to prevent condensation of gaseous components into the chamber, and
J JJ J
·;' sovellutusmuodossa ennalta asetettu lämpötila pidetään yllä :'·'35 servoelimen avulla.·; ' in the embodiment, the preset temperature is maintained: '· '35 by means of a servo element.
• · « • · 9 105595• · «• · 9 105595
Teolliset käyttösovellutuksetIndustrial applications
Esillä olevan keksinnön mukaista parannettua kaasunäytekam-miota voidaan käyttää erityisesti komponenttiosana ilmai-sinanturissa, joka mittaa ilmassa olevan hiilidioksidin pi-5 toisuuden. Tämän parannetun kaasunäytekammion käyttö lisää suuresti anturin herkkyyttä ja reaktionopeutta tehden siitä käyttökekpoisen valinnan tulipalojen ilmaisemiseksi ja käyttöä varten tuuletusjärjestelmissä, joissa hiilidioksidin pitoisuutta valvotaan.The improved gas sample chamber of the present invention can be used, in particular, as a component in a detector sensor that measures the carbon dioxide concentration in the air. The use of this enhanced gas sample chamber greatly increases the sensitivity and response rate of the sensor, making it a usable choice for fire detection and use in ventilated systems that control carbon dioxide.
10 • 1 • 9 » 9 9 1 · I I < Ψ 1 · w I 4 Ψ 9 9 • 1 · • · H » I · • · • » ·· 1 V · 9 • « * « • « · I « 1 4 · 1 • f ♦ · : 1 ί ♦ 1 *·« * · · » i · « « f · # · · • « • · « I · • I *9 f »» 1 • # · • · « ♦ «10 • 1 • 9 »9 9 1 · II <Ψ 1 · w I 4 Ψ 9 9 • 1 · • · H» I · • • • · · · 1 V · 9 • «*« • «· I« 1 4 · 1 • f ♦ ·: 1 ί ♦ 1 * · «* · ·» i · «« f · # · · • «• ·« I · • I * 9 f »» 1 • # · • · «♦ «
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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US50321690 | 1990-04-02 | ||
US07/503,216 US5060508A (en) | 1990-04-02 | 1990-04-02 | Gas sample chamber |
PCT/US1991/008822 WO1993011418A1 (en) | 1990-04-02 | 1991-11-25 | Improved gas sample chamber |
US9108822 | 1991-11-25 |
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FI933298A0 FI933298A0 (en) | 1993-07-22 |
FI933298A FI933298A (en) | 1993-08-13 |
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EP (1) | EP0568549B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2895229B2 (en) |
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- 1991-11-25 DE DE69126443T patent/DE69126443T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-25 JP JP4502342A patent/JP2895229B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-25 WO PCT/US1991/008822 patent/WO1993011418A1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 1991-11-25 CA CA002101082A patent/CA2101082C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1991-11-25 DK DK92901709.3T patent/DK0568549T3/en active
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1993
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- 1993-07-23 NO NO932669A patent/NO308332B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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AU9119891A (en) | 1993-06-28 |
NO932669L (en) | 1993-07-23 |
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FI933298A (en) | 1993-08-13 |
EP0568549A4 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
FI933298A0 (en) | 1993-07-22 |
DE69126443D1 (en) | 1997-07-10 |
EP0568549B1 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
EP0568549A1 (en) | 1993-11-10 |
DE69126443T2 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
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