FI105213B - Menetelmä valkaistun massan valmistamiseksi lignoselluloosamateriaalista - Google Patents
Menetelmä valkaistun massan valmistamiseksi lignoselluloosamateriaalista Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI105213B FI105213B FI920196A FI920196A FI105213B FI 105213 B FI105213 B FI 105213B FI 920196 A FI920196 A FI 920196A FI 920196 A FI920196 A FI 920196A FI 105213 B FI105213 B FI 105213B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- ozone
- bleaching
- mass
- delignification
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 239
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 10
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- MAYPHUUCLRDEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine peroxide Inorganic materials ClOOCl MAYPHUUCLRDEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 80
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 63
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 25
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 15
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000008566 Pinus taeda Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000218679 Pinus taeda Species 0.000 description 6
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000005018 Pinus echinata Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241001236219 Pinus echinata Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000017339 Pinus palustris Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005446 dissolved organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000010633 broth Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002531 Rubberwood Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108091011896 CSF1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100028123 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009984 Pterocarpus indicus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000533793 Tipuana tipu Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012042 active reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- FDADMSDCHGXBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;ethene Chemical group [Cu].C=C FDADMSDCHGXBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004710 electron pair approximation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001504 inorganic chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical group CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004076 pulp bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013055 pulp slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
- H02H3/338—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers also responsive to wiring error, e.g. loss of neutral, break
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US34034289 | 1989-04-19 | ||
| US07/340,342 US4933801A (en) | 1989-04-19 | 1989-04-19 | Ground fault circuit interrupter |
| US9002833 | 1990-05-17 | ||
| PCT/US1990/002833 WO1991018438A1 (en) | 1989-04-19 | 1990-05-17 | A ground fault circuit interrupter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI920196A0 FI920196A0 (fi) | 1992-01-16 |
| FI105213B true FI105213B (fi) | 2000-06-30 |
Family
ID=23332938
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI920196A FI105213B (fi) | 1989-04-19 | 1992-01-16 | Menetelmä valkaistun massan valmistamiseksi lignoselluloosamateriaalista |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4933801A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0483164B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH05501045A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2064027C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69015639T2 (ja) |
| FI (1) | FI105213B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1991018438A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5095398A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1992-03-10 | Square D Company | Electrical circuit breaker protection device |
| CA2093061C (en) | 1992-07-22 | 2005-02-15 | Raymond H. Legatti | Leakage current protection device adapted to a wide variety of domestic and international applications |
| US5490030A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1996-02-06 | Taylor; Harold L. | Electromagnetic and radio frequency interference suppression for ground fault circuit interrupters |
| US5519560A (en) * | 1994-03-01 | 1996-05-21 | Eaton Corporation | Unity gain filter for current transformer |
| IL109607A (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1997-04-15 | Hayim Nevo | Grounding fault detection system |
| US5613751A (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-03-25 | Lumitex, Inc. | Light emitting panel assemblies |
| TW420893B (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2001-02-01 | Lam Sheir Chun | Circuit breaker |
| GB2366676A (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2002-03-13 | Shakira Ltd | Residual current device |
| GB2377834B (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2003-09-17 | Shakira Ltd | Residual current device |
| US6920025B2 (en) * | 2001-08-13 | 2005-07-19 | Hubbell Incorporated | GFCI with reverse line/load wiring prevention |
| US7525777B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2009-04-28 | Tower Manufacturing Corporation | Fireguard circuit |
| US20050243485A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-03 | Gershen Bernard J | Leakage current detection interrupter with open neutral detection |
| CN103022970B (zh) * | 2011-09-23 | 2018-05-22 | 钱加灿 | 高灵敏地线带电压保护装置 |
| CN102403692A (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2012-04-04 | 钱加灿 | 漏电保护器 |
| CN103178488A (zh) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-06-26 | 余姚市嘉荣电子电器有限公司 | 防止地线带电的漏电保护装置 |
| CN103474955A (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 余姚市嘉荣电子电器有限公司 | 漏电保护插头 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4068276A (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1978-01-10 | Interelectronics Corporation | Protective system for electrical appliances |
| NL176508C (nl) * | 1977-06-14 | 1985-04-16 | Hazemeijer Bv | Voedingsapparaat voor een beveiligingsinrichting, zoals een aardlekdetectie-inrichting, benevens met een dergelijk voedingsapparaat uitgeruste beveiligingsinrichting. |
| FR2549287B1 (fr) * | 1983-07-13 | 1988-07-29 | Etude Realisation Disjoncteurs | Dispositif pour disjoncteur differentiel de maintien de la protection en cas de coupure de neutre |
| GB8404766D0 (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1984-03-28 | Delta Electrical Holdings | Earth leakage protective circuit |
| GB2162708B (en) * | 1984-07-27 | 1988-12-14 | Technology Res Corp | Ground fault current interrupter circuit with open neutral, and ground lead protection |
| US4598331A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1986-07-01 | Technology Research Corporation | Ground fault current interrupter circuit with open neutral and ground lead protection |
| FR2572597B1 (fr) * | 1984-10-30 | 1986-12-26 | Telemecanique Electrique | Dispositif de securite pour appareil de protection differentielle |
| US4816957A (en) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-28 | Lawrence Irwin F | Ground line fault interrupter adapter unit |
| US4931893A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1990-06-05 | Square D Company | Loss of neutral or ground protection circuit |
-
1989
- 1989-04-19 US US07/340,342 patent/US4933801A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-17 EP EP90908793A patent/EP0483164B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-17 CA CA002064027A patent/CA2064027C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-17 JP JP2508273A patent/JPH05501045A/ja active Pending
- 1990-05-17 DE DE69015639T patent/DE69015639T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-17 WO PCT/US1990/002833 patent/WO1991018438A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1992
- 1992-01-16 FI FI920196A patent/FI105213B/fi active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0483164A1 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
| US4933801A (en) | 1990-06-12 |
| FI920196A0 (fi) | 1992-01-16 |
| DE69015639D1 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
| EP0483164B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
| JPH05501045A (ja) | 1993-02-25 |
| WO1991018438A1 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
| CA2064027A1 (en) | 1991-11-18 |
| CA2064027C (en) | 2000-09-26 |
| DE69015639T2 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
| EP0483164A4 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
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