FI105213B - Förfarande för framställning av blekt massa från lignocellulosamaterial - Google Patents
Förfarande för framställning av blekt massa från lignocellulosamaterial Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI105213B FI105213B FI920196A FI920196A FI105213B FI 105213 B FI105213 B FI 105213B FI 920196 A FI920196 A FI 920196A FI 920196 A FI920196 A FI 920196A FI 105213 B FI105213 B FI 105213B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- ozone
- bleaching
- mass
- delignification
- Prior art date
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 191
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- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
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- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009984 Pterocarpus indicus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
- H02H3/338—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers also responsive to wiring error, e.g. loss of neutral, break
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Claims (11)
1. Förfarande för framställning av en i huvudsak jämnt blekt massa frän ett lignocellulosamaterial, varvid fram-15 ställes en övergängsmassa med reducerad ligninhalt genom kemisk kokning av lignocellulosamaterialet, följt av oxy-gendelignifiering av den erhällna massan, kännetecknat av att a) pH för övergängsmassan justeras tili 1-4, 20 b) konsistensen för övergängsmassan justeras tili hög konsistens av 20-50 %, c) övergängsmassan finfördelas tili diskreta partiklar, av vilka största delen har en storlek av mindre än 5 mm, och 25 d) den enligt stegen a-c erhällna övergängsmassan under- kastas en delignifieringsbehandling genom turbulent bland-ning av densamma med en ozonhaltig gasformig blandning i en dynamisk reaktionszon under tillräcklig tid och vid tillräcklig temperatur för att möjliggöra tillträde av 30 ozonet tili i huvudsak hela övergängsmassan för reaktion v därmed medan nämnda massa sprider sig tili i huvudsak hela reaktionszonen, varvid erhälles en ytterligare i huvudsak jämn delignifiering av en betydande del av massan. 35
2. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att partikelstorleken hos massan är mindre än cirka 5 mm. 105213
3. Förfarande enligt patentkrav l eller 2, kännetecknat av att lignocellulosamaterialet underkastas kemisk kokning , omfattande kraftmassakokning, kraft-AQ-massakokning eller utsträckt delignifiering. 5
4. Förfarande enligt patentkrav l, kännetecknat av att under oxygendelignifieringssteget framställs en massa med läg- tili mediumkonsistens, nämnda läg- tili mediumkonsis-tenta massa behanbdlas med en vattenlösning av ett alka- 10 liskt material under en förutbestämd tid och vid förut bestämd temperatur i relation till mängden alkaliskt material för ästadkommande av i huvudsak jämnt fördelat alkaliskt material inom hela den läg- tili mediumkonsistenta massan, konsistensen av massan förhöjs och den resulterän-15 de högkonsistensmassan underkastas en högkonsistens-oxy gendelignif iering för erhällande av övergängsmassan.
5. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att slut-GE-ljusheten för den blekta massan är ätminstone 20 cirka 50 % och dess viskositet är högre än cirka 10 cps, och att kappa-talet för övergängsmassan som indikerar mängden lignin är cirka 10 eller lägre och den specifika viskositeten för övergängsmassan är högre än cirka 13 cps. >25
6. Förfarande enligt patentkrav l, kännetecknat av att lignocellulosamaterialet är barrved, slut-GE-ljusheten hos den blekta massan är ätminstone cirka 50 % och viskositeten hos denna massa är över cirka 10 cps och kappa-talet för övergängsmassan som indikerar mängden lignin är cirka 30 7-10 och den specifika viskositeten för övergängsmassan är . ^ högre än cirka 13 cps.
7. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att lignocellulosamaterialet är lövved, slut-GE-ljusheten för 35 den blekta massan är ätminstone cirka 55 % och viskosi teten hos massan är högre än cirka 10 cps och kappa-talet för övergängsmassan som indikerar mängden lignin är cirka 62 105213 5-8 och den specifikä viskositeten för övergängsmassan är högre än cirka 13 cps.
8. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 5, 6 eller 7, kanneteck- 5 nat av att mängden lignin i massan efter ozondelignifie- ring indikeras av ett kappa-tai för den blekta massan av cirka 3-4.
9. Förfarande enligt patentkrav l, kännetecknat av att 10 det Sven omfattar blekning av massan efter ozondelignifie- ring med ett ljushetsmedel för att öka GE-ljusheten hos den blekta massan.
10. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 9, kännetecknat av att 15 det Sven omfattar sairananföring av den blekta massan med en effektiv mängd alkaliskt material i en alkalisk vattenhal-tig lösning vid en förutbestämd temperatur, korrelerad tili mängden tillfört alkaliskt material, för att löslig-göra en väsentlig del av kvarvarande lignin i den blekta 20 massan, varefter en del av den vattenhaltiga alkaliska lösningen extraheras i och för avlägsnande av i huvudsak allt solubiliserat lignin därifrän och bilda en extraherad massa för blekning med ljushetsmedlet. 25 li. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 9, kännetecknat av att ljushetsmedlet är klordioxid eller en peroxid. 4
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/340,342 US4933801A (en) | 1989-04-19 | 1989-04-19 | Ground fault circuit interrupter |
| US34034289 | 1989-04-19 | ||
| US9002833 | 1990-05-17 | ||
| PCT/US1990/002833 WO1991018438A1 (en) | 1989-04-19 | 1990-05-17 | A ground fault circuit interrupter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI920196A0 FI920196A0 (fi) | 1992-01-16 |
| FI105213B true FI105213B (sv) | 2000-06-30 |
Family
ID=23332938
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI920196A FI105213B (sv) | 1989-04-19 | 1992-01-16 | Förfarande för framställning av blekt massa från lignocellulosamaterial |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4933801A (sv) |
| EP (1) | EP0483164B1 (sv) |
| JP (1) | JPH05501045A (sv) |
| CA (1) | CA2064027C (sv) |
| DE (1) | DE69015639T2 (sv) |
| FI (1) | FI105213B (sv) |
| WO (1) | WO1991018438A1 (sv) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5095398A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1992-03-10 | Square D Company | Electrical circuit breaker protection device |
| CA2093061C (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 2005-02-15 | Raymond H. Legatti | Leakage current protection device adapted to a wide variety of domestic and international applications |
| US5490030A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1996-02-06 | Taylor; Harold L. | Electromagnetic and radio frequency interference suppression for ground fault circuit interrupters |
| US5519560A (en) * | 1994-03-01 | 1996-05-21 | Eaton Corporation | Unity gain filter for current transformer |
| IL109607A (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1997-04-15 | Hayim Nevo | Grounding fault detection system |
| US5613751A (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-03-25 | Lumitex, Inc. | Light emitting panel assemblies |
| US6163444A (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-12-19 | Lam; Sheir Chun | Circuit breaker |
| IE20010271A1 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2001-10-03 | Shakira Ltd | Residual Current Device |
| GB2377834B (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2003-09-17 | Shakira Ltd | Residual current device |
| US6920025B2 (en) * | 2001-08-13 | 2005-07-19 | Hubbell Incorporated | GFCI with reverse line/load wiring prevention |
| US7525777B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2009-04-28 | Tower Manufacturing Corporation | Fireguard circuit |
| US20050243485A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-03 | Gershen Bernard J | Leakage current detection interrupter with open neutral detection |
| CN103022970B (zh) * | 2011-09-23 | 2018-05-22 | 钱加灿 | 高灵敏地线带电压保护装置 |
| CN102403692A (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2012-04-04 | 钱加灿 | 漏电保护器 |
| CN103178488A (zh) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-06-26 | 余姚市嘉荣电子电器有限公司 | 防止地线带电的漏电保护装置 |
| CN103474955A (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 余姚市嘉荣电子电器有限公司 | 漏电保护插头 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4068276A (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1978-01-10 | Interelectronics Corporation | Protective system for electrical appliances |
| NL176508C (nl) * | 1977-06-14 | 1985-04-16 | Hazemeijer Bv | Voedingsapparaat voor een beveiligingsinrichting, zoals een aardlekdetectie-inrichting, benevens met een dergelijk voedingsapparaat uitgeruste beveiligingsinrichting. |
| FR2549287B1 (fr) * | 1983-07-13 | 1988-07-29 | Etude Realisation Disjoncteurs | Dispositif pour disjoncteur differentiel de maintien de la protection en cas de coupure de neutre |
| GB8404766D0 (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1984-03-28 | Delta Electrical Holdings | Earth leakage protective circuit |
| US4598331A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1986-07-01 | Technology Research Corporation | Ground fault current interrupter circuit with open neutral and ground lead protection |
| GB2162708B (en) * | 1984-07-27 | 1988-12-14 | Technology Res Corp | Ground fault current interrupter circuit with open neutral, and ground lead protection |
| FR2572597B1 (fr) * | 1984-10-30 | 1986-12-26 | Telemecanique Electrique | Dispositif de securite pour appareil de protection differentielle |
| US4816957A (en) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-28 | Lawrence Irwin F | Ground line fault interrupter adapter unit |
| US4931893A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1990-06-05 | Square D Company | Loss of neutral or ground protection circuit |
-
1989
- 1989-04-19 US US07/340,342 patent/US4933801A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-17 EP EP90908793A patent/EP0483164B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-17 DE DE69015639T patent/DE69015639T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-17 WO PCT/US1990/002833 patent/WO1991018438A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-17 JP JP2508273A patent/JPH05501045A/ja active Pending
- 1990-05-17 CA CA002064027A patent/CA2064027C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-01-16 FI FI920196A patent/FI105213B/sv active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2064027C (en) | 2000-09-26 |
| DE69015639T2 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
| US4933801A (en) | 1990-06-12 |
| JPH05501045A (ja) | 1993-02-25 |
| EP0483164A1 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
| WO1991018438A1 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
| DE69015639D1 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
| EP0483164B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
| FI920196A0 (fi) | 1992-01-16 |
| EP0483164A4 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
| CA2064027A1 (en) | 1991-11-18 |
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