FI104240B - Method and apparatus for making structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing cement flake boards (7) having hollow channels (10) arranged between outer board portions (8). A mix (11) comprising a fibre material and a cement binding agent is provided between outer press panel elements (5, 6), subjected to an outer pressure and rapidly cured under the influence of carbon dioxide gas. At least one separate core press expander element (3) is arranged between said outer press panel elements (5, 6), and prior to the curing said mix (11) is subjected to an inner pressure by expanding said core press expander element(s) (3) inside said mix (11) between said outer press panel elements (5, 6).

Description

104240 Ί

Method and apparatus for the manufacture of structures Förfarande och anordning för att tillverka construktioner

The invention relates to a method for making structures, in particular to sheets having at least one, preferably several adjacent hollow passages arranged between the outer sheet portions, the method comprising providing a mixture of mainly fibrous material, cementitious binder and activating fluid between the outer press panel elements moving the composition against the composition to subject said mixture to substantial external compression, and rapidly curing said cement based binder with carbon dioxide, said composition also being subjected to internal pressure by means of at least one separate outer press panel element extending.

The invention further relates to an apparatus for the production of cementitious fibreboards or the like of hollow core slabs comprising upper and lower press panel elements which can be interposed to compress the fibrous material, the cementitious binder and the activating fluid in a mixture comprising further comprising at least one expansion member adapted for internal compression intended to be disposed in said mixture between said upper and lower press panel members to form at least one internal channel in a sheet made between said upper and lower press members, wherein the expansion element further comprises means / or in order to maintain a controlled air migration in the mixture, a rapid curing of the cement based binder is performed. 240 sex. The invention also encompasses the use of a product made in accordance with the invention.

In the prior art, there are several methods of making plate-like structures from concrete or similar stabilizing material. Such structures are used especially in the construction industry for erecting structures on site. Typically, such methods include pouring moist concrete into the desired shape, compacting the concrete using vibrating devices to reduce the internal friction of the concrete, and simply curing the concrete for sufficient time, or alternatively, adding certain curing additives or raising the temperature. The product thus obtained generally has opposite planar surfaces. In some cases, the product may also comprise hollow portions to lighten the product or to save some concrete. In the field, DE-714213 discloses some mechanically expandable mold solutions.

DE 2225902 again describes an arrangement in which the rubber inner mold is expanded by means of a medium. However, such an arrangement is virtually impossible to achieve substantially uniform compression since it does not have substantially hard-faced surfaces which, in a uniform and well-defined manner, would compress a considerable amount of the compressible mass to a considerable extent. On the other hand, this is necessary in connection with the basic material, the processing of which the invention according to the application specifically addresses.

In a hollow slab, several adjacent hollow portions extend throughout the slab. In some cases, such hollow sections are filled with insulating material and / or used to pass through pipes or the like.

It is an object of the present invention to provide such a product in such a way that the product can be manufactured well by a fast process, whereby the resulting structure still possesses all the features required especially for erecting buildings, such as single family buildings or the like, preferably in modular sizes. One particular object of the invention is a complete building system comprising modular-type hollow-core cement-wood-chip mix elements which can advantageously be manufactured from materials readily available in most countries. The system comprises the use of slab-like elements, preferably having a full wall height of 2.4 m and an optional length of up to about 10-15 m. Preferably, such an element has a thickness of about 200 mm, and the element itself is hollow frame, having double plates which form generally homogeneous outer / inner surfaces joined by relatively thin transverse webs.

According to the system of the invention, the entire building, including the floor, the walls and the roof, preferably consists of a single type of hollow-core slab element. These elements are only joined at their edges, which makes the assembly process very simple. All element openings, eg for doors and windows, etc., can be cut open on site. Similarly, any detail can be made by cutting portions of a standard-sized hollow-core slab element according to the invention.

The invention utilizes a process using, for example, wreckage timber or a mixture of such wood chips and cement, which is shaped and cured in a special type press. In order to cure the mixture, the arrangement of the invention uses a special process, which is described in more detail, e.g. This EP patent, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, also discloses how special erosion can be achieved by compressing a mixture of fibrous material and cement in the course of injection of carbon dioxide.

Injecting excess carbon dioxide gas into such a material results in rapid carbonation of the cement binder moiety, mainly through the process CaO + CO2 => CaCo3. Such processes have previously been disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Patent Nos. 109,669, 3,462,993, 4,362,679 and 4,093,690, SE Patent 110,792, GB 1,460,284, and CH Patent 584,666. According to said publications, the process must be carried out in fully enclosed process chambers, which has been considered a rather significant disadvantage in the scale of industrial manufacturing.

U.S. Patent 4,927,573 also discloses an arrangement for curing cement-based structures with excess carbon dioxide. At the other end, a crude mixture of base material and binder is pressed into the vertical mold by a piston-like stamping device and curing is accelerated in a manner known per se, using excess carbon dioxide. The arrangement disclosed in this patent is practically such that it excludes the use of basic material containing resilient fibrous components such as wood chips, since the reciprocating motion of the punching device disclosed herein will orient the fibrous components of the material substantially transversely to the length of the product. against the deflection of the structure, and thus the known structure cannot guarantee strength in the transverse direction of the structure.

WO-94/13445 likewise discloses a vertical arrangement for fabricating structures. Here, the movement of the heart clamps is relatively small compared to the movement of the side clamps, and the purpose of such clamping is essentially that after hardening the core pieces can be shrunk again and hence removed from the manufactured piece. No substantial uniform mutual compression of size 5 104240 can be achieved with this known arrangement.

The special curing process referred to above comprises a method for curing cement-bonded fibrous sheets and bodies, wherein the fibrous material and the cement in a known composition and with water as the activating agent are carbonized with carbon dioxide gas. According to the process, such fibrous material and its excipients are placed between the press surfaces of the press device. Because the fiber material is somewhat compressible, a large amount of carbon dioxide gas can be injected into it, after which the material is compressed to the final dimensions of the fabricated structure. Said EP-A-189 127 discloses how to avoid the use of a fully enclosed process chamber by compressing the edges of the material to a higher density, thereby providing a gas barrier that replaces said fully enclosed chamber. The invention of this application takes advantage of some features of said EP patent and, as a completely novel solution, achieves a number of advantages which were completely unknown in the prior art. In the present invention, compression of a mixture of fibrous material and binder is used to provide, prior to compression, a very high proportion of gas in a relatively loose mixture. In the next step, the material is compressed to its final proportions, thereby rapidly curing or consolidating the binder, such as cement or the like. The process of the present invention avoids the use of both fully closed process chambers of the prior art and particularly compressible portions of the said EP patent.

This invention is characterized by the following claims.

The apparatus according to the invention thus comprises special expansion elements adapted for internal compression, which 104240

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inserting into said mixture or concrete mass between outer press surface elements to form internal passageways between the outer press surface elements, and the apparatus is characterized in that the element (s) adapted for internal pressing comprise movable, substantially rigid, and / or said upper and lower press panel elements, wherein these portions are adapted to subject the alloy from the inside to a substantial compression substantially equivalent to the compression exerted externally by said press panel members.

The method of the invention is characterized in that, prior to curing the cementitious binder of the mixture, the mixture between the outer press panel elements is also subjected, in at least one direction, to a substantial compression that approximates the exterior as well as any adjacent corresponding extension elements.

Thus, according to the invention, the expansion elements adapted for internal compression of the mixture are provided between the outer press surface elements and the mixture between these outer press surface elements is subjected to additional internal pressure before the cement based binder cures by extending the internal press spacer expansion elements.

Expansion elements adapted for internal compression of the alloy according to the invention comprise movable portions which cooperate with corresponding parts of adjacent expansion elements adapted for internal compression 7104240 or said outer press surface elements. In the expanded position, the expansion members adapted for internal compression between them compress the portions of said alloy therein uniformly, while the neutral axes of the alloying portions between them remain substantially in their original positions relative to the longitudinal axis of each internal compression expansion member. These expanding elements adapted for internal compression further comprise means for controlled injection of carbon dioxide and / or air into said mixture.

According to the invention, the above raw material is formed into an excellent hollow concrete slab in a single or multiple step compression process, including curing of the raw material mixture or concrete. The apparatus according to the invention is essentially a compression mold consisting of two presses, one of which is a horizontal plane press formed by an upper and a lower press surface movable within the surrounding edges. According to the invention, the inventive press mold further comprises separate expandable core presses located between said horizontal press surfaces.

A typical sheet product would consist of a tile element about 200 mm thick having two sheets of about 20 mm thickness joined by webs of the same thickness with a spacing of about 400 mm. All of these elements, i.e. the said plates and the webs connecting them, are formed in a single operation by applying internal and external pressure to the mixture during a very short curing or consolidation process. Thus, the normal axis of each respective connecting web will remain substantially at its original position throughout the curing process. In this way, all harmful loads and stresses in the final product are reduced during the curing period. During the curing period, carbon dioxide gas is injected into a mixture of concrete, i.e., wood chips, semen 104 24 8 and water, hereinafter referred to as CFB mixture. Due to the use of excess carbon dioxide, the entire curing process takes only about 4 to 5 minutes, whereas the conventional cement consolidation process takes only 8 to 10 hours. Thus, the entire preparation cycle of one tile element can be accomplished within perhaps 10 minutes.

Cement fiber boards (hereinafter CFB panel) are very advantageous for the overall solution according to the invention. CFBs can be used just as well indoors as in an outdoor room because they are weatherproof and waterproof and are not sensitive to frost. The production process of CFBs is beneficial to the environment because it traps carbon dioxide in a product that is not harmful to the environment. The CFB element is relatively fire resistant and has relatively good acoustic properties due to the large amount of sound insulation.

The production of a full-size hollow-core slab element is a key function of the system of the invention, and is accomplished in a specific inventive press-mold arrangement, which is discussed in detail below. In this regard, it is also important for the process that carbon dioxide can be efficiently distributed throughout the iatate material to promote rapid cure of the cement according to the principles set forth in the aforementioned EP 189127.

The method of the present invention provides a cavity slab structure comprising a pre-fabricated double wall element having spaced apart webs interconnecting said walls. By compressing the mixed material from both the outside and from the inside, a whole new casting arrangement is achieved. Wall part of each mixed material. the neutral axis, i.e., the functional focus, thus remains substantially unchanged from the unprocessed state to the processed state.

9 104240

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show a preferred embodiment of the invention. In the figures:

Figure 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a cavity slab erected building according to an embodiment of the invention,

Figure 2 is a general exploded view of a casting arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,

Figures 3 and 3a are diagrammatic views of a portion of two alternative arrangements of a compression molding apparatus wherein the dotted notches indicate the CFB alloy prior to compression and the shaded notches indicate the CFB alloy in the compressed and cured state,

Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a double-acting clamping device according to a particular embodiment of the invention,

Figures 5a and 5b are schematic views of carbon injection principles according to an embodiment of the invention,

Figure 6 shows a more detailed view of a partial transverse sectional view of a wedge type expansion press device according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 7 shows a schematic sectional view of an expansion device adapted for expanded internal compression according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, and 10 104240

Fig. 8 shows an expansion device adapted for the internal compression of Fig. 7, with the device in a collapsed state and further disposed in the hollow channel of the finished CFB board.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the building according to the invention comprises in its basic configuration a floor element A, wall elements B, B 'and roof elements C. Said wall elements B, B' have openings for doors D, windows E and the like. According to the inventive arrangement, all the basic structural elements A ... C comprise hollow core slabs made in the press arrangement shown in Fig. 2, which generally comprises a lower press panel arrangement 1, an upper press-surface arrangement 2 and intervening core press members 3 designated FF. The press surface arrangements preferably comprise wall portions 4, 4a, partially shown in Figures 2 and 4, and separate upper and lower press panels 5, 6, at least one of which is movable against one another. Between these upper and lower press panels 5, 6 are provided core press elements 3 for applying pressure to said CFB alloy or similar internal portions arranged between said press-panel arrangements 1, 2.

• · *

3 and 3a each have outer panel portions 8 interconnected by transverse web portions 9. Since one advantageous feature of a CFB board is its relatively easy machinability, the general arrangement according to the invention allows all the panel elements forming the final structure '(see Fig. 1). openings, such as said openings for doors D, windows E or the like, and any special structural details, such as non-rectangular or small size, are made on CFB panel elements 7 after they are made in a press arrangement according to the invention. Thus, these elements 711 to 104240 can be made substantially identical, which greatly facilitates production.

In accordance with the general arrangement of the invention, CFBs are generally manufactured in standard sizes. A typical panel 7 for a single-family house shown in Figure 1 has a total width of about 2.4 meters and a length of up to 10-15 meters. The thickness of the panel is suitably about 200 mm. In the section shown in Figures 3 and 3a, each element panel 7 comprises adjacent hollow channel portions 10 extending across the entire dimension of the panel element 7. Said hollow channel portions 10 are surrounded by said web portions 9 and said panel portions 8. Figures 3 and 3a show the neutral axes G-G, G'-G 'of each portion 8, 9 by a dashed line. The element shown in Figures 3 and 3a has suitably a thickness of these web and panel portions 8, 9 of about 20 mm and a center-to-center spacing of about 400 mm, but other dimensions may of course be used within the scope of the invention.

3 and 3a, the CFB alloy (shown in dotted pattern) is arranged between the outer and inner press members 5 and 6 (for clarity, only the cut sections are shown) of said preferably circumferential wall sections (see Figures 2 and 4). 4, 4a. Substantially centrally between these press elements 5 and 6, and thus surrounded by said CFB alloy, are a plurality of adjacent core press elements 3 (one of which is shown in Figure 2) spaced apart.

The spacing between the respective surfaces of the adjacent core clamp elements 3 and between each core clamp element 3 and said outer clamp elements 5, 6 corresponds to the non-compressible dimension of the CFB alloy 11. The spacing between these press elements 3, 5, 6 on a CFB sheet of the above size would be about 60 mm.

12 104240

In accordance with the invention, the process now comprises the steps of compressing an uncured CFB alloy from a generally loose space, such as a dotted pattern in Figures 3 and 3a, into a compressed space, as indicated by oblique lines in said figures. This compressed space corresponds to the final dimensions of a commonly manufactured CFB. Compression is carried out immediately before the cementitious binder in the CFB mixture is cured.

According to a preferred embodiment, the compression process comprises two steps which are performed within a few seconds. In the first step, the adjacent core press elements 3 are expanded to give the hollow channel portion 10 inside the plate 7 its correct dimensions. At the same time, these elements compress the CFB alloy in order to give it the particularly advantageous properties disclosed in said European Patent 189,127. This expansion would normally be about 20 mm in the direction of each web and about 3 mm in the direction of each outer panel. The expanded core clamp element 3 and the resulting hollow channel portion 10 are thus somewhat larger in at least two directions than said core clamp element 3 when in its collapsed state, and thus removal of the core clamp elements 3 from the hollow channel section 10 of the finished plate 7 will be easy. This fact is more clearly illustrated in Figure 8. Since the expansion of all core press elements 3 is performed simultaneously, the corresponding neutral axis G'-G1 of each web portion 8 will remain substantially. that is, the CFB alloy has very few internal motions.

In the following pressing operation, which takes place immediately in connection with the above first pressing, the outer press panel elements 5, 6 are pressed against each other to compress portions forming the outer surface of the plate of said CFB alloy 11. This pressing takes place on both sides of said core press members 13 104240 and can be accomplished by pressing both outer press members 5, 6 against each other and against stationary core press members 3. In a preferred embodiment, said core clamp elements 3 are movable in the compression direction, so that only one of the outer clamp elements, usually the upper element 6, will move against the stationary lower outer clamp element 5. In this case, the entire assembly of the core press elements 3 is simultaneously moved by a distance corresponding to about half the movement of the upper press element 6.

In a preferred embodiment, the mold assembly comprises a separate matrix element (not shown), comprising at least a base plate and cursor means for holding said core clamp elements 3 in place. In certain specific embodiments, these cursor means further comprise means for vertically displacing said press elements to achieve the above movement. Preferably, the matrix element may comprise sidewall portions of the matrix base plate. In use, said matrix is filled with CFB alloy, and the filled assembly is then inserted between outer press elements 5, 6 which may be substantially stationary and adapted only for actual compression movement on the upper and / or lower sides of said matrix element.

In a particularly preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 4, a single movable "outer" press element 6 'is disposed between two substantially stationary outer press elements 5', 5 ". In this embodiment, the two discs 7 can be made half-simultaneously, i.e. while removing another already manufactured plate and replacing it with raw CFB alloy, the capacity of the equipment is significantly increased.

14 104240

Due to the special cementitious binder in said CFB blend, which takes about 5 minutes, the entire process cycle, which involves batching the CFB blend, compressing the blend and curing the binder therein, will take only about 10 minutes. For this reason, it is particularly preferable to consider a carbon dioxide feed system as being most important for the arrangement of the invention.

According to the invention, the central press core elements 3 of the CFB blend represent a preferred channel for introducing carbon dioxide gas into the CFB blend. Thus, said core press elements 3 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention comprise connecting channels 13 for carbon dioxide gas and a suitable perforation (not shown) on the outer surfaces which allows said gas to discharge into the CFB alloy surrounding the core press elements 3.

In a particularly preferred embodiment shown in Figures 5a and 5b, the injection of carbon dioxide gas into the CFB mixture is arranged as a two-step operation, the principle of which is known from the above-mentioned EP 189127. As a first step (see Figure 5a), carbon dioxide and air are pumped. blend through said outer press elements into the CFB blend, as shown by arrows 14 pointing to said blend. This causes an overpressure of carbon dioxide in the CFB blend. In this connection, said core press elements 3 maintain a vacuum or reduced pressure, as shown by arrows 15 facing the center of the core press elements 3. This vacuum facilitates the passage of said gas mixture through the CFB mixture and increases the amount of carbon dioxide that comes into contact with the in the mixture forming the outer surface portions of the sheet.

As a next step, said gas mixture is also suitably pressurized with each of said nuclear press element elements 3, as shown in Figure 5b, where this pressurization is depicted by arrows 16. This second step facilitates the corresponding passage of gas in the final CFB board through wall portions 9 and thus virtually any free air which prevents the curing process can be replaced by a specially formulated carbon dioxide mixture, which greatly reduces the curing time.

The core press elements 3 form the core of the invention. Figure 6 shows an embodiment of these core press elements 3. Fig. 6 shows a partial section of such an element 3 transverse to the longitudinal axis F-F of the element. Generally, the core press elements 3 are elongated elements having wall portions movable in transverse directions with respect to said longitudinal axis F-F. Thus, these elements are expandable in each of their lateral directions and can exert a clamping force on the surrounding CFB alloy which is pressed between two adjacent core clamp elements 3 and / or such element 3 and a second outer clamp element 5, 6.

In the core press element 3 of Fig. 6, the press mold surfaces comprise substantially planar surface elements 17 I and special corner elements 18. In Fig. 6, said corner elements 18 are shown in an expanded position, from which said elements 18 are retractable to a position in contact. These corner elements 18 have a wedge surface 21 which cooperates with an inner inclined wedge surface 20 of the corresponding surface element 17. The dimensions of these core clamp elements can thus be expanded and retracted at each corner by an amount corresponding to the width of the corner portion of the said corner element 18 (indicated by "a" and "b") by displacing these corner elements 18 relative to planar side surface elements 17. by hydraulic or similar means, or preferably by cooperating wedge means 22, 23, as shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 also shows that the gas channels 13 are arranged inside the core press elements 3 and lead to contact with the CFB alloy arranged outside the core press elements 3.

Said wedge means preferably comprise successive wedges 22 attached to planar side surface elements 17, and successive wedges 23 secured to a central function bar 24 which suitably extends through the entire dimension of the core press element. By moving this action bar 24 in the direction F-F of the longitudinal axis of said element 3, all the wedges will move and simultaneously push out the respective wedges 22 outward, thereby causing a uniform lateral movement of said planar side surface elements 17 and corner elements 18. In this way, the proportions of the core clamp elements 3 can be varied from a fully retracted position where the angles between planar side surface elements are substantially closed and a fully expanded position where said corner elements 18 fill the angular portions between said planar surface elements. In both positions, the core clamp element will • form a closed mold structure with substantially sharp corners. These corners may also be slightly rounded, giving the hollow channel portions 10 of the plates 7 somewhat rounded inner corners 25.

. Figures 7 and 8 show a particularly preferred core press element 3 according to an alternative embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the main mold and press surfaces generally comprise L-shaped wall portions 26 as well as wedge means 27, 28 for moving these L-shaped wall portions 26. Figure 7 shows these core clamping elements 3 in the expanded position and Figure 8 the same elements 3 in the collapsed position within the hollow channel portion of the plate 7 104240. Even in the distal pattern, the right-hand portion is a cut through actuating means 29 which exerts a thrust on said wedges 27 to push one end of the opposing L-shaped wall portions 26 outwardly and sideways. The guide wedges 28 co-operate with the inclined counter surfaces 30 provided on the central beam 31 and force the remaining free ends 32 of the L-shaped wall portions 26 outwardly. Thus, pressure can be exerted on the CFB alloy outside the core press element 3.

7 and 8 show a section through retracting means 33 for retracting said L-shaped wall sections 26 after completion of the casting operation and before removing the core clamp element 3 from the hollow channel section 10 of the final plate 7, As shown, there will be a space 12 between the inner wall of the hollow channel portion 10 and the retracted core press element, which facilitates removal of element 3 from plate 7.

The expansion means 29 and the retracting means 33 are usually arranged in succession such that there is always a retracting device 33 between the two expanders 29. In the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the expansion means 29 preferably comprises a hydraulic piston 34 which moves in the cylinder means and has bolts 35 against a common pressure plate 36. Said plate 36 holds said wedge means 27, which in this case are pressure maps or the like, extending into a wedge-shaped space between two adjacent L-shaped wall portions 26. Said pressure plate 36 forces said wedge means 27 between the L-shaped wall portions 26 and thereby forces them to move away from each other at said wedge-shaped space. When the pressure plate 36 reaches the inner front surface of the L-shaped wall portions, the movement of the pressure plate 36 will further force 18104240 the L-shaped wall portions 26 to move forward, and then the guiding wedges 28 will move along said inclined counter surface 30 and force these free ends 32, the central portion of the side of the core press, outward against the CFB alloy.

The retracting means 33, on the other hand, comprise spring means 37, 38 which act against the force of the expansion means 29 and pull said pressure plate 36 inward when the expansion means 29 are not in operation. The pressure plate 36 is suitably movable against each inner stop member 39 provided on the L-shaped wall portion 26, and thus the inward movement of the pressure plates 36 will force the L-shaped wall portions 26 away from the inner surface of the hollow channel portion 10 of the CFB board 7. dimension corresponds to the compression dimension of the CFB alloy.

To maintain a smooth inner surface of the hollow channel portion 10 of the final panel 7, the L-shaped wall portions are at least partially covered by one or more layers of cover plates 40, 40 ', preferably at least in the central region 41 at the free ends 32 of the L-shaped wall portions 26; * between the cover plates 40, 40 '. This central region 41 is preferably supported by a separate support plate 42. The short sides of the L-shaped wall portions 26 usually do not require any interlaced tongue arrangements, as shown in Figure 7, since said conical or wedge means 27 extend at these ends preferably between the cover plates 43, 43 'and fill the space therebetween.

Just as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the embodiment of Figs. 7 and 8 also includes channels 13 for injecting carbon dioxide gas or the like into the CFB mixture. These channels 13, some of which are shown in the figures, are supplemented with suitable perforations in the cover plates 40, 40 ', 43 19 104240 and 43'. Thus, the gas mixture used to cure the cement-based binder can move freely from the inner portions of said central beam 31 through the entire core press element 3 to the exterior CFB mixture. Said channels 13 as well as said auxiliary perforations are also used for venting air, as shown in more detail in connection with Figures 5a and 5b.

Some of the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above. However, this disclosure is to be considered as an example only, and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention may be modified in many other ways within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, in some embodiments, some of the aforementioned hydraulic means have been replaced by means operated by the pressure of said carbon dioxide gas. The core press means 3 may comprise other types of press elements, such as tubular press elements having expandable inner pouch-like means filled with pressurized medium. Likewise, the outer surface means may have telescopic properties in directions transverse to the longitudinal axis of said element 3. The general arrangement according to the invention can also be utilized for the manufacture of various structures, e.g., gutter elements or such tubular structures.

Claims (14)

A method of fabricating structures, in particular for producing such sheets (7) having at least one, advantageously a plurality of hollow channels (10) disposed between outer sheet portions (8), the method comprising arranging a mixture (11) comprising mainly fibrous material, cementitious binder and activating fluid between outer press panel members (5, 6), and moving at least one of the outer press panel members (5, 6) to the mixture (11) to expose said mixture ( 11) for a substantial external compression, and with the aid of carbon dioxide, a rapid consolidation of said cement-based binder is carried out by subjecting the mixture in question to the effect of carbon dioxide, subjecting the mixture (11) also to an internal pressure by means of of at least one separate expander element (3) arranged between the outer press panel elements (5, 6), characterized in that prior to curing the cementitious binder in the mixture (11) located between the outer press panel members (5, 6), in at least one direction also, the mixture (11) is subjected from the inside to such a substantial compression approximately equivalent to the exterior to the mixture (11). ) directed the compression by pressing substantially rigid surface portions (17, 40) at the expander element (s) (3) against the opposing outer movable press panels (5, 6) and against any adjacent corresponding expander elements (3). 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said mixture, at least two spacers are arranged adjacent to each other for internal pressing, expanding elements (3) arranged in such a way that the neutral axis (G'-G ') of the mixture (11) which are located between respective expanding elements (3) arranged adjacent to each other for internal pressing will remain substantially at their original position in relation to the axis (FF) of the expanding member (FF) in the longitudinal direction. 27 1 0 4 2 4 0 3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of said outer presser panel elements (5, 6) is activated and pressed said mixture, advantageously so that the neutral axis (GG) of said mixture (11) is located. between the expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing and of said outer pressing panel elements (5, 6) advantageously the lower (5) will remain substantially in its original position. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the method further comprises injecting carbon dioxide gas through the expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing. 5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the method further comprises arranging, before injecting the carbon dioxide, a partial vacuum within the framework of the expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing. 6. A process according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the carbon dioxide and / or partial vacuum are arranged with alternating pressures within the frame of two arranged for internal pressing arranged by expanding elements (3). Use of a slab product (7) prepared according to the method of claims 1 to 6 as a building element in the erection of whole buildings or the like. Apparatus for the manufacture of cement-fiber floor boards (7) of the type of floor joists or the like, which apparatus comprises upper and lower press panel members (5, 6) which can be compressed between a mixture (11) comprising a fibrous material, a cement-based binder and activating liquid, which cured blending defines said sheet (7), said apparatus further comprising at least one expander element (3) arranged for internal pressing intended to be placed in said mixture between said upper and lower press panel members (5, 6). in the disk (7) to be manufactured, at least one inner channel (10) is formed between said upper and lower press panel members (5, 6), whereby means (13) are connected to said expander element (3) for mixture (11) maintaining a controlled migration of carbon dioxide and / or air to effect a rapid consolidation of the cementitious binder, characterized therein, a This element (s) arranged for internal pressing comprises movable sections (17, 21, 26, 27, 40) of substantially rigid construction which cooperate with inner expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing and or said upper and lower press panel members (5, 6), these sections (17, 21, 26, 27, 40) being arranged to expose the blend (11) from within such a significant compression which substantially corresponds to the compression of said press panel member (5). 6) from the outside pointing towards the mass (11). Device according to claim 8, characterized in that each of said expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing is an element extending longitudinally with four longitudinal sections advantageously in the longitudinal direction (17, 26). which in a cross-section in direction 3 transversely extends longitudinally to the expanding element (3) arranged for internal pressing, which in an expanded position of the expanding element arranged for internal pressing extends to the position of final internal surfaces for the (n) the inner hollow channels (n) (10), the expanding elements (t) 4 (3) further comprising elements, advantageously cooling means (21, 22, 23, 27, 28) for pressing said wall element (17, 26) to an expanded position within the blend (11), advantageously maintaining the neutral shafts (GG, G1-G1) for intermediate sections of the blend (11) substantially at to the original positions relative to the longitudinal axis (F-F) of the expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing, respectively. 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that at least some of said wedge means (21, 27) are provided to fill voids formed between the wall elements (17, 26) and in an expanded form of the pressing the expander element (3) to form part of the mold surface defining the channels (10) in the disc (7). 11. Device according to any of claims 8 ... 10, characterized in that in the frame of the expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing, central wedge support means comprising beams (24, 31, 36) supporting the wedges are provided. and optionally in addition to the sliding surfaces (23, 30) arranged for the wedges, to cause said wedge sections (22, 28) to force the wall sections (17, 26) leaking from a central longitudinal axis of the expanding element (3) arranged for internal pressing along a accurately defined path, advantageously there are further actuators (29), advantageously hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders (34) or the like, to move said beams supporting the wedges (24, 36) and to initiate expansion of the internal pressing the expander element (3). 12. Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that said movable press wall sections are generally planar elements and that the wedge means (21) in an expanded position of the expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing extend into the open the corners between the edges (19) of the adjacent movable wall sections (17). Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that said movable press wall sections in 3 section are generally L-shaped wall sections (26), each of which covers a corner of said channel (1). 10), wherein wedge means (27) are arranged to press these L-shaped wall sections (26) against respective corners of the channel (10), and means (40, 40 ', 41) are arranged so that The internal pressing means arranged in the expansion members (3) are enlarged to cover the longitudinal openings which are thus formed at the even surfaces between adjacent L-shaped wall sections (26). Device according to claim 13, characterized in that at least some of said means for covering said longitudinal openings are separate sliding overlapping covers (40, 40 ') arranged within the frame of said L-shaped wall sections (26) and / or between and / or outside them. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that at least some of said wedge means (17, 27) simultaneously act as said means covering said longitudinal openings. Device according to Claim 13, characterized in that said central means (24, 31) supporting the wedges further comprises means (33) which are specially arranged to retract from the wall surfaces of said channels (10) in said discs (7). the wall portions (16, 26) of the expanding element (3) arranged for internal pressing. Device according to any of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the means for maintaining controlled migration of carbon dioxide comprise connecting channels (13) arranged in the inner parts of the expanding elements arranged for internal pressing (3). ), and perforated sections disposed on the outer surfaces (40, 40 ', 41, 43, 43') of these expanding elements (3) arranged for internal pressing and connected to said joined channels (13). Device according to any one of claims 8 ... 17, characterized in that said lower and upper press panel elements (5, 6) comprise two fixed press elements (51, 5 ") and a movable intermediate press element (6 ') arranged between them. ), And the device further comprises means for forcing said intermediate press member (6 ') in a rotating motion towards respectively one of the fixed press members (5', 5 "), and that additional means are provided for moving a respective press member. layers of expanding element (3) arranged for internal pressing between this movable intermediate pressing element (6) and respective fixed pressing element (5 ', 5 ") a piece which generally corresponds to half of the movement of said intermediate pressing element (6').