FI103560B - Method for the preparation of fodder pulp - Google Patents

Description

103560

The present invention relates to a process for treating a feed mass. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for treating a fodder pulp which enables the production of a feed having an improved fodder value.

10

In the feed industry, feed materials are often heat treated to improve their properties, both nutritional and processing properties. Extending the heat treatment time will further improve these properties. For this purpose, a so-called trainer is commonly used, in which the mixed feed mass is treated with liquid, e.g. water, fat, molasses or propylene glycol, or other water-rich raw materials, often by means of steam at elevated temperature. The purpose of the treatment is to produce a feed mass having better granulation properties. A typical damper is a cylindrical device which may have a plurality of, for example, three different midsoles, and means for moving and mixing the feed mass. During the heat treatment with steam (temperature about 40-85 ° C, residence time about 10-60 min), the liquid substances are absorbed into the cereal-based raw materials, whereby the granulation of the feed mass is improved and the ingredients of the feed maturate slightly. animals in 30 recoverable forms. The bacterial concentration is also reduced due to the coaching treatment. The feed mass from the trainer is generally transferred directly to the granulation.

In recent years, the so-called Expanders have also been introduced in the feed industry, where feed is processed at high temperature and pressure, mainly to eliminate bacteria, especially Salmonella. Typically, the expander is an elongated cylindrical device in which the feed mass is introduced at one end, 2 103560, from where it is moved towards the outlet at the other end of the expander, for example by means of a push screw. The pressure in the expander is controlled by the back pressure exerted by the hydraulically adjustable conical member mounted on the product outlet, which member with the expander body forms an adjustable annular outlet for the product. In a conventional expander treatment, water is added to the feed mass either as such or in the form of water vapor supplied to the expander. Ekspande-10 has also been used to improve the quality of the granulate.

EP 231 825 and EP 606 505 both relate to a process in which the pulp is first treated in heat and humidity and then in an extruder.

15 NO 177 032 relates mainly to the handling of feed and compound feed to ruminants at a relatively high temperature and pressure in an expander to protect proteins against rumen degradation. Publication 20 also mentions the treatment of a compound feed in a trainer, but does not disclose the conditions of the coaching.

It has now been found in accordance with the invention that by firstly treating the feed mass in a slightly elevated heat state, for example in the above-mentioned coach-type apparatus and then rapid cooking at high temperature and pressure, suitably in an expander of the type described above, also in terms of feed efficiency and growth in feed-fed animals.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method for maturation of feed mass comprising mixing the 3 103560 feed components with water, if necessary, in an amount such that the total moisture content of the feed mass is about 10-20% by weight of the feed mass, at a temperature of about 5 to about 60 minutes, preferably 20 to 30 minutes, and - cooking the feed mass at a temperature of about 60 to about 130 ° C and about 10 to about 10 ° C. 40 bar, by transferring the feed mass in a baking expander with a suitable pushing member from its inlet towards its outlet, and the pressure is adjusted by the back pressure exerted by the body mounted on the outlet of the container to form an adjustable outlet slit for cooked product.

In the first step of the process, the ingredients of the cereal-based feed, typically various types of ground feed such as oats and barley, milling by-products such as wheat bran and wheat feed meal, soybean meal, animal fat, and / or various food supplements, trace elements and minerals, in a blender. By way of example, a typical cereal-based re hu may contain about 15% oats, barley about 50%, wheat bran and wheat flour by-products about 10-25%, soybean meal about 15%, molasses 1-3%, meat-bone meal / meat meal up to about 5%, animal fat 30 1-4%, dietary lime 1.5% and dietary phosphate 1.0%, plus small amounts of table salt, trace elements and vitamins. The moisture content of feed materials is generally less than about 14%, but generally more than about 10%. If necessary, water is added to the mixer, but generally not more than about 10% based on the total weight of the feed. A typical amount of water added is 1-4%, often 1-2% is sufficient. According to a preferred embodiment, the total water content of the feed mass in the mixer is about 12-18%. The mixing usually takes a few minutes and after mixing the feed is transferred to a pretreatment vessel, i.e. a trainer, where the feed mass is pretreated or pre-cooked.

Water and other possible liquid ingredients are allowed to act in the conditioner, i.e. absorbed into the milled reed mixture for a relatively long time, such as 10-60, normal-10 for about 20-30 minutes, at elevated temperature. The basic temperature of the trainer, suitably about 65 ° C, can be raised, for example, near 85 ° C, and the moisture content can be adjusted by supplying steam to the trainer under pressure (130 ° C). A suitable amount of water for steam-15 is up to about 4, such as about 1 to 2%, and a suitable moisture content is about 14 to 18% when the feed mass exits the feed.

Suitably, the damper is of the type where the pre-cooking of the mixed feed 20 is carried out as the pulp passes through the container handling vessel from top to bottom, allowing the process to be performed continuously. The mixed feed mass is thus fed to the top of the trainer, and the pre-cooked feed mass is removed from the lower part after the pre-cooking time. Suitably, the trainer has means for gradually moving the feed mass downwardly, for example from the upper level to the next lower level, down to the lower part of the trainer. The suppressor may also be of a different type, as long as it allows a sufficient residence time for the feed 30.

The feed mass pre-cooked from the trainer is fed directly into a cooking vessel or expander in the same production line, which may be of the known 35 types described above. The expander undergoes actual cooking of the feed mass by subjecting the feed mass to elevated pressure and temperature. Expander processing is 5 103560 transient, that is, typically up to 20 seconds, preferably up to 6 seconds, such as 2-6 seconds. The expander is operated at a pressure of 10 to 40 bar, typically about 35 bar. The expander temperature is preferably from about 85 ° C to about 130 ° C, typically from about 105 ° C. On the other hand, the temperature is controlled by the friction caused by the increased pressure. On the other hand, the temperature can also be adjusted by supplying pressurized steam to the expander, suitably up to about 4%, such as about 1-2%. It is also advantageous to use grease as a 'lubricant' in the feed mass in an amount of about 1-4% to ensure trouble-free expander processing.

After cooking, the feed mass can be granulated with a suitable granulating device. After granulation, the feed product is dried, suitably to a normal feed moisture of less than about 14%. The product obtained can also be used as such, as an "expandant" after cooking and drying, but without granulation.

20

The following examples illustrate the invention. Example 1 illustrates the treatment of a typical feed mass according to the invention. Examples 2-3 illustrate the yield of feed products prepared by the treatment method of the invention. 25 breeding results in pig feeding. Percentages in this specification refer to weight percentages.

6 103560

Example 1

The following composition (% by weight) was used to prepare the feed mass 5

Wheat bran 6% Wheat feed meal 3% Feed oats 15% Feed barley 45% 10 Soybean meal 24% Animal fat / tallow 4% Feed lime 1.3% Feed phosphate 1.2% Salt 0.5% 15 Vitamin / trace elements ad 100%

The compound contained 19.0% protein, 6.5% fat, 5.6% fiber, 6.5% ash, Ca 0.85% and P 0.7%.

The feed components having a moisture content of 12% were added to a batch mixer where 2% water was mixed and the mixing was continued for 4 minutes. From the mixer, the feed was transported for pretreatment to a trainer, where the feed passed from the top of the trainer to the bottom: 25 for about 25 minutes. The temperature of the trainer was about 65 ° C. Steam was also fed to the trainer at a temperature of about 2-3% at a temperature of about 130 ° C, whereby the temperature rose to 85 ° C.

The feed was transferred from the coach to the expander. The expander used a back pressure of 35 bar, which was adjusted by a conical member mounted on the expander outlet as described above. The temperature in the expander rose to about 105 ° C. The product had a residence time of less than 4 seconds in 35 expander.

7 103560

After the expander, the feed was transferred to a granulator where it was granulated and dried to a moisture content of about 12%.

Example 2

Feeding tests were carried out at a pig farm test station.

Group 1 pigs were given feed prepared by the conventional feed preparation technique (mixing and granulation), whereas Group 2 pigs were fed the feed according to the invention, namely the method of Example 1. The composition of the feed was the same in both groups, as mentioned in Example 1.

15 The following results were obtained:

Groups 1 2

Number of animals 30 sdt 31 sdt 20 Initial weight (kg) 24.3 4.49 24.9 5.73

Final weight (kg) 99.4 2.08 98.6 3.12

Correct End.25.0% (kg) 99.0 3.73 99.6 3.56

Gross Vehicle Weight (kg) 74.2 2.80 74.7 2.67

Loss on slaughter (kg) 25.2 3.21 23.9 4.34 25 Loss on slaughter (%) 25.3 2.99 24.1 3.90

Weight gain (kg) 74.7 5.08 74.7 6.94

Feeding days 80.3 9.67 77.7 11.38

Weight gain g / p 938 83.77 973 103.77 30 Feed consumption:

Feed kg / El 172.7 163.3

Dry matter kg / el 153.3 145.9 35 Feed kg / Elop. growth kg 2.29 0.10 2.18 0.09

Also kg / Elop. growth kg 2.02 0.08 1/95 0.08 ·. The results show that the pigs fed with the feed produced according to the invention had an increase in growth of about 4% 40 compared to pigs fed with the conventional feed preparation method. At the same time, feed consumption in relation to the increase in liveweight, ie the feed factor, decreased by about 5%, which is a significant improvement.

8 103560

The results are graphically shown in Figure 1. Example 3 5 Feeding experiments similar to Example 2 were performed using six granulated feeds prepared under different conditions of preparation as follows:

Feed 1: suppressor 65 ° C

10 expanders at 105 ° C

water addition 1.5%

Feed 2: silencer 65 ° C

Expander 105 ° C

15 water addition 3.0%

Feed 3: Expander 95 ° C

water addition 1.5%

Feed 4: Expander 105 ° C

water addition 3.0%

Feed 5: Expander 105 ° C

water addition 1.5% 25

Feed 6: Expander 95 ° C

water supplementation 3.0% 30 The results of the feeding tests are shown in Figure 2 below. The maximum daily weight gain and the best feed factor are obtained with feeds 1 and 2, i.e. feeds prepared according to the method of the invention.

Claims (11)

103560 A method for cooking feed mass, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 5. mixing the ingredients of the feed mass, if necessary by adding water in an amount such that the total moisture content of the feed mass is about 10-20% by weight; at a temperature of up to about 10-60 minutes, preferably about 20-30 minutes, during the pre-treatment step, and - cooked at a temperature of about 60-130 ° C and a pressure of 10-40 bar, by transferring the feed mass in a baking expander with a suitable pushing member from its inlet towards its outlet, and the pressure is controlled by the back pressure exerted by the body mounted on the outlet of the container to form an adjustable outlet slit for the cooked product. 20 2. Förfarande enligt patentkravet 1, kännetecknat därav, att fodrets beständsdelar tillförs under blandningsskedet högst ca. 10%, Företrädesvis ca. 1-4% wadding. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that up to about 10%, preferably about 1-4% water is added to the feed components during the mixing step. 3. Förfarande enligt patentkravet 1 eller 2, kännetecknat därav, att fodermassans fukthalt vid blandningsskedet är ca. 12 to 18%. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the moisture content of the feed mass in the mixing step is about 12-18%. 4. Förfarande enligt face av patentkraven 1-3, kännetecknat därav, att under förbehandlingsskedet tillförs fodermassan aänga, i högst ca. 4, Företrädesvis ca. 1-2% av fodermasssans vikt. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the pretreatment step, feed is fed to the feed mass, up to about 4, preferably about 1-2% by weight of the feed mass. 5. Förfarande enligt face av patentkraven 1-4, kännetecknat därav, att fodermassans fukthalt under förbehandlingsskedet är ca. 14-18%. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the moisture content of the feed mass in the pretreatment step is about 14-18%. 103560 6. Förfarande enligt face av de föregäende patentkraven, kännetecknat därav, att fodermassans uppehällstid i mog-ningsskedet är ca. 1-20 sec, warmpligen ca. 2-6 se-kunder. 103560 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residence time of the feed mass in the baking stage is about 1-20 seconds, more preferably about 2-6 seconds. 5 7. Förfarande enligt face av de föregäende patentkraven, kännetecknat därav, att under mogningstiden tillförs fo-dermassan änga i högst 4%, företrädesvis 1-2%. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the cooking step the steam is fed to the feed mass at a level of up to about 4%, preferably 1-2%. 8. Förfarande enligt face av de föregäende patentkraven, kännetecknat därav, att förbehandlingen utförs vid en temperaturesur av ca. 65-85 ° C och mogningen vid ca. 85-130, siltpligen vid ca. 105 ° C. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pretreatment is carried out at a temperature of about 65-85 ° C and cooking at a temperature of about 85-130, preferably about 105 ° C. 15 9. Förfarande enligt face av de föregäende patentkraven, kännetecknat därav, att den efter mogningen erhällna fo-dermassan granuleras och throat, warm-up account en fukt-halt av ca. 12-14%. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed mass obtained after cooking is granulated and dried, suitably to a moisture content of about 12-14%. 20 10. Förfarande enligt oatentkravet 1, kännetecknat därav, att temperatureuren regleras med hjälp av den i fodermassan ästadkomna friktionen och vid behov med hjälp av i mog-ningskärlet tillförd änga. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the temperature is controlled by the friction produced in the feed mass and, if necessary, by the steam introduced into the cooking vessel. 25 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is continuous. : 1. Förfarande för beredning av fodermassa, Xännetecknat därav, att det omfattar feljande steg: - fodermassans beständsdelar blandas sinsemellan, vid behov genom tillsats av vatten i en playd at att den er-hällna massans totalfukthalt är ca. 10-20% av fodermassans vikt, 103560 - fodermassan förbehandlas vid en Temperur av ca. 60-85 ° C till dess att fodrets with molds beständsde-lar upptagits i fodermassan, colors fodermassans uppe-cradles i förbehandlingsskedet är ca. 10-60 minuter, företrädesvis ca. 20-30 minuter och - fodermassan tillats mogna vid en tempur av ca. 60-130 ° C and 10 to 40 bar, genome att för-flytta fodermassan i en som mogningskärl fungerande Expander med et warming up the dessert in-end mot dess uttopp, och trycket regleras medelst ett mottryck, ästadkommet av ett I cut off the placerat organ, som bildar en till storleken reglerbar utloppss-Palt för den mogna product. 11. Förfarande enligt arcu av de föregäende patentkraven, kännetecknat därav, att det är kontinuerligt.